EP0385814A1 - Rückspiegelzusammenbau - Google Patents

Rückspiegelzusammenbau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0385814A1
EP0385814A1 EP90302315A EP90302315A EP0385814A1 EP 0385814 A1 EP0385814 A1 EP 0385814A1 EP 90302315 A EP90302315 A EP 90302315A EP 90302315 A EP90302315 A EP 90302315A EP 0385814 A1 EP0385814 A1 EP 0385814A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mirror
assembly
housing
wing
secured
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90302315A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0385814B1 (de
Inventor
Geoffrey Raynor Thompson
Peter Anthony Steinert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thompson Development Engineering Ltd
Original Assignee
Thompson Development Engineering Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thompson Development Engineering Ltd filed Critical Thompson Development Engineering Ltd
Publication of EP0385814A1 publication Critical patent/EP0385814A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0385814B1 publication Critical patent/EP0385814B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R1/00—Optical viewing arrangements; Real-time viewing arrangements for drivers or passengers using optical image capturing systems, e.g. cameras or video systems specially adapted for use in or on vehicles
    • B60R1/02—Rear-view mirror arrangements
    • B60R1/06—Rear-view mirror arrangements mounted on vehicle exterior
    • B60R1/078—Rear-view mirror arrangements mounted on vehicle exterior easily removable; mounted for bodily outward movement, e.g. when towing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mirror assembly for a motor vehicle, particularly a side mirror commonly mounted on the wing or door frame of the vehicle.
  • a mirror assembly for a motor vehicle comprising a housing adapted to be secured to the vehicle, and a mirror mounted on the housing for movement relative thereto between a first position and a second position, in which second position the mirror extends at least in part to one side of the housing.
  • the first position may, in conventional manner, involve the mirror being substantially within the peripheral boundary of a housing for a mirror in which position, ordinarily, a mirror is received, and will be used for driving under normal conditions.
  • the second position will be used to give laterally extended rear visibility such as, for example, when the vehicle is being used to tow a caravan, the presence of which will often partially or totally obscure visibility in a conventionally positioned mirror.
  • Advantageously means are provided to releasably secure the mirror relative to the mounting in the first and second positions.
  • the mirror assembly comprises a mounting assembly secured to the housing for limited movement relative thereto, the mirror being supported by a carrier assembly secured to the mounting assembly, the construction and arrangement being such that the plane of the mirror when in its second position is substantially parallel to the plane of the mirror when in its first position.
  • the carrier assembly comprises at least one lever, the or each lever being preferably cranked to permit of pivoting thereof in a manner wherein pivotal movement to the second position is not obstructed by the housing, the mounting assembly having at least one aperture provided therein to permit of reception of the cranked part of the or each lever when the mirror is moved towards the first position.
  • the mirror may be mounted for linear movement between its first and second positions, such as linear movement in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of the mirror.
  • the mirror may be secured to a mounting, and the mounting may be mounted for linear sliding movement on a track way secured to the housing.
  • the mounting is adapted to be secured in the housing in a manner to permit of tilting of the mounting relative to the housing.
  • means to effect positional adjustment of the mirror for optimum driver visibility conventionally afforded by a means within the car to positionally adjust the mounting, will be effective to enable positional adjustment of the mirror when in its extended position.
  • drive means may be provided to move the mirror between its first and second positions, conveniently electrical or electronic means operable from the interior of the vehicle to which the assembly is to be attached.
  • a mirror assembly comprising a mirror and a mounting to which the mirror is movably attached, the mounting being received within a housing which is adapted for attachment to a panel of a motor vehicle, the mirror being movable relative to the mounting between a first position and a second position in which the mirror extends to a side of the mounting, means being provided to releasably secure the mirror relative to the mounting in the said first and second positions.
  • a face of the mirror lies adjacent to a surface of the mounting to which surface of the mounting the mirror, in the second position, extends substantially parallel, such that, in the first position, at least major parts of the said face of the mirror and the said surface of the mounting are presented towards each other.
  • a mirror assembly adapted to be secured to the wing mirror of a vehicle in such a manner as to leave a substantial part at least of the viewing area of the wing mirror unobscured, the mirror assembly providing an additional viewing area extending outwardly of the wing mirror.
  • the mirror assembly is adapted to be snap-fitted on to the wing mirror, such as by resilient deformation of (e.g.) plastics material.
  • Such snap-fitting may however be substituted or supplemented by the use of securing means, such as one or more screw clips.
  • the mirror assembly comprises a housing having a first part which is provided with the recess adapted to be positioned over an existing wing mirror from the rear, and a second part extending outwardly from the first when so positioned, which second part carries a supplementary mirror, preferably in a recess defined by the second part.
  • the housing may be moulded in one piece from plastics material, preferably a thermoplastics material such as polyurethane.
  • a reaction moulding process may be utilised in conjunction with a mould assembly having a replaceable insert, the insert corresponding to the first part of the housing and the remainder of the mould cavity corresponding to the second part.
  • a range of mirror assemblies the first parts of which are designed to correspond to a particular design of car wing mirror, the second parts being uniform, may be provided conveniently and relatively inexpensively.
  • a two part assembly may be utilised, means, such as interfitting formations, being provided to enable the two parts readily and reliably to be secured together.
  • lip portions project short distances over the recess in the first part which are adapted to be engaged by snap-fitting over part at least of the rim of the wing mirror.
  • a slot is provided in the housing which extends from the recess in the first part, in which slot the stem of the wing mirror may be located when the mirror assembly is mounted on the wing mirror.
  • the supplementary mirror may be mounted on the housing, e.g. in a recess afforded by the second housing part, on a ball and socket joint.
  • the existing wing mirror may be adjusted, consequently adjusting the inclination of the supplementary mirror, and subsequently the supplementary mirror may be adjusted to provide the desired range and overlap of rear viewing from the driving seat.
  • a mirror assembly 1 comprises a housing 2 which is adapted for attachment to a panel of a motor vehicle 3 and which housing 2 provides a cavity 4 in which is movably retained a mounting assembly 5 for a mirror 18.
  • the mounting assembly 5 comprises a mounting plate 6 which is attached to the housing within the cavity 4 by a ball and socket joint 8 such that the mounting plate 6 may be tilted within the cavity 4 by pivoting of the mounting plate 6 about the ball and socket joint 8.
  • the mounting plate 6 may be tilted within the cavity 4 of the housing 2 in a conventional manner by mechanically and/or electrically operable means which may be actuated by a person sitting within the vehicle.
  • the mounting plate 6 may have rigidly attached thereto a lever which extends to a side of the mounting and which extends through a panel 3 of the vehicle and at an end of which is provided a handle which may be manually actuated by a driver of the vehicle to tilt the mounting plate 6.
  • a carrier assembly 21 comprising in the first embodiment a plurality of cranked levers 9, 19 and 11. Inner end portions of the levers are secured to the mounting plate, on a surface 20 there of which is presented away from the cavity 4, by pivots 12, 13 and 14 whereby the levers may be pivotally moved relative to the mounting plate 6.
  • the levers 9, 10, 11 are each pivotally connected at their other ends to pivots 15, 16, 17 on a support plate 21 carrying the mirror 18.
  • Pivotal movement of the levers 9, 10, 11 relative to the mounting plate 6 and support plate 21 causes translatory movement of the mirror 18, as indicated by the chain-dot-lines in Figure 2, between a first position in which the mirror 18 overlies the mounting plate 6 and lies within the peripheral boundary 26 of the housing 2, i.e. the position of the mirror during normal driving conditions, and a second position in which the mirror extends to one side of the mounting, seen in Fogure 1, the levers operating in the manner of a parallel linkage.
  • the mounting plate 6 is provided with a plurality of securing means 22, 23, 24 which comprise receiving means into which appropriate portions of respective ones of the levers 9, 10, 11 may be releasably snap-engaged in order to restrain pivotal movement of the levers 9, 10, 11 relative to the mounting plate 6, the means 24 securing the lever 9 when the mirror is in its first position and the means 22 and 23 securing the levers 10 and 11 when the mirror is in its second position.
  • the plate 21 also provides a securing means 25 of the same kind as the securing means 22, 23, 24 into which a portion of the central cranked lever 9 may be releasably snap-engaged to prevent relative movement between the lever 9, and the mirror 18 when the mirror is in its second position.
  • the levers 10, 11 are disengaged from the securing means 22, 23 and the lever 9 is disengaged from the securing means 25 and the levers are pivoted relative to the mounting plate 6 and the mirror 18 until the mirror 18 overlies the mounting plate 6 and lies within the peripheral boundary 26 of the housing 2.
  • the mirror 18 is secured in this position relative to the mounting plate 6 by snap-engagement of the lever 9 in the securing means 24.
  • the mirror may be moved from the first position to the second position again by disengaging the lever 9 from the securing means 24 and pivoting the levers 9, 10, 11 to move the mirror 18 to one side of the mounting 5 and securing it in the second position as described above.
  • the driver of a vehicle towing (e.g.) a caravan may, by simple movement of the mirror assembly to its second position, be provided with an appropriate rear view of the vehicle, which rear view may be adjusted from within the vehicle in conventional manner.
  • movement of the mirror 18 from its first to it second position may be afforded by electrically-operative drive means, conveniently provided by electric motors operative to rotate the levers about their pivotal mountings 12, 13 and 14.
  • securing means other than the securing means 22, 23, 24 and 25 described above may be utilised to restrain movement of the cranked levers 9, 10 and 11, other than when being driven by the drive means between their first and second positions, such securing means in such circumstances being afforded by (for example) solenoid locks.
  • the drive means may operate for a timed period, or until a specific overload current is reached, indicating the extreme position of movement of the mirror, or if desired sensing means may be utilised to indicate the arrival od the mirror at one of its terminal positions.
  • the mounting plate 6 provides a plurality of apertures 19 through which may be inserted the cranked portions of the levers 9, 10, 11 when the mirror 18 approaches and is in the first position relative to the mounting plate 6.
  • the cranked portions of the levers 9, 10, 11 may be accommodated within the cavity 4 of the housing 2 behind the surface 20 of the mounting plate 6 so that the mirror, when in the first position, will be adjacent to and substantially parallel with the mounting plate 6.
  • the dashed lines in Figure 2 indicate the positions of various parts of the assembly when the mirror is in the first position.
  • the levers 9, 10, 11 are cranked so as to permit pivoting of the mirror 18 relative to the mounting plate 6 in a a manner so as not to be obstructed by the protruding peripheral boundary 26 of the housing 2.
  • An assembly of the kind described may be adapted for insertion into a specific design of conventional mirror housing suitable for a specific model of motor vehicle and it may be used to replace conventional "permanent" mirror assemblies.
  • the whole mirror assembly including the housing may be substituted for a conventional assembly.
  • the assembly according to the invention is easily replaced in the event of any damage thereto and such an assembly is less likely to sustain serious damage in collisions than certain conventional systems, provided that the housing 2 itself is not struck during the collision, because the mirror, if struck, will tend merely to pivot relative to the mounting 5 as the impact of a collision merely disengages the levers 9, 10, 11 from their respective securing means 25, 22, 23.
  • a mirror assembly according to the invention also permits of rapid and easy adjustment of the mirror for driving under different conditions.
  • the mirror assembly which is the second embodiment of this invention (see Figures 3, 4 and 5), in relation to which similar numerals to those used in Figures 1 and 2, with the suffix a , have been utilised, is similar to the first embodiment, but utilises linear sliding movement of the mirror 18 a relative to the housing 2 a to transfer the mirror from its first position to its second position.
  • the mounting comprises a mounting plate 6 a which is attached to the housing 2a by a ball and socket joint 8 a in a manner such that the mounting plate 6 a may be tilted within the cavity 4 a by pivoting of the mounting plate 6 a about the ball and socket joint 8 a .
  • the mounting plate 6 a may be tilted within the cavity 4 a in a conventional manner by mechanical and/or electrically operable means which may be acutated by a person sitting within the vehicle.
  • the mounting plate 6 a is provided, on a surface 20 a thereof, with a dovetail formation 10 a , on which a carrier assembly comprising a carrier plate 21 a is slidably mounted in a width-wise direction (see Figure 4).
  • the mirror 18 a is secured to a support plate 21 b , said support plate similarly being provided with a dovetail formation, and being slidably mounted on the carrier plate 21 a .
  • the mirror may be slid in a direction width-wise of the housing 2 a from a normal driving position, shown in dotted lines in Figure 3, to a position for towing, shown in full lines in Figures 3 and 5, such movement involving outwardly sliding movement of the carrier plate 21 a relative to the housing 6 a , and outward sliding movement of the support plate 21 a relative to the carrier plate 12 a .
  • Snap-lock means are provided (not shown) for releasably securing the mirror in an extended position relative to the carrier plate 21 a , and for securing the carrier plate 21 a in its extended position relative to the mounting plate 6 a .
  • a part 3 a of the casing adjacent to an outer edge thereof, is hinged to provide an opening in the side wall of the housing 2 a to permit movement of the mirror into its towing position, said hinged part being capable of being snap-fitted back into a closed position when the mirror has been returned to its normal position.
  • movement of the mirror 18 a between its first and second position may be effected by electrical or electronic drive means.
  • a security locking system may be provided to prevent undesired movement of the mirror between its first and second positions, such a locking system conveniently being released from the interior of the vehicle to which the assembly is to be attached.
  • the mirror assembly which is the third embodiment of this invention (see Figure 6) comprises a housing 56 moulded in one piece, conveniently by a reaction moulding process from a material such as polyurethane, the housing comprising two sections, an inner section 56 a and an outer section 56 b .
  • the inner section 56 a is provided with a recess or cavity 58, around the three sides of which a lip 60 of the housing extends.
  • a support means for the rear of the mirror which may be provided by a block 64, to the outer surface of which a resilient pad 66, (such a foam poylurethane) may be secured.
  • the second section 56 b of the housing is also provided with a cavity 68, within which a supplementary mirror 70 is mounted, by means of a ball and socket joint 72.
  • the mirror assembly is snap-fitted over an existing wing mirror W ( Figure 8) from the rear, the lip 60 being temporarily deformed as the mirror W passes into the cavity 58.
  • the mirror assembly is to be mounted on an existing mirror which is mounted to the car body by a stem 55, conveniently a slot 62 is provided which extends through the wall of the housing from the cavity 58 through the lip 60, and the stem 5S of the wing mirror 65 located within the slot 62.
  • the size and shape of the mirror assembly is such that, when so mounted on the wing mirror, the pad 66 is deformed, ensuring firm engagement between the lip and the rim of the wing mirror.
  • the majority of the viewing area of the wing mirror W is unimpeded by the mirror assembly, and may be used as normal.
  • the supplementary mirror 72 provided by the mirror assembly effectively extends the rear view of the driver, and the angle of the mirror 72 may be adjusted on the ball and socket joint 72 as desired.
  • the forces acting on the mirror assembly during normal driving of the vehicle are insufficient to detach the mirror assembly from the wing mirror.
  • the mirror assembly in its extension outwardly of the vehicle, should be caused accidentally to strike a pedestrain or stationary article, the mirror assembly will tend to twist about a vertical axis passing generally between the first and second housing portions, causing the mirror assembly to become detached from the wing mirror, minimizing damage and possible injury.
  • the mirror assembly may be removed from the wing mirror when no longer desired to be used, in a similar manner.
  • the housing 56 is, as has been said moulded in one-piece by the use of a reaction moulding process, in which conventionally a mixture of reacting components is injected into a mould cavity having the form of the article to be moulded, to react and set therein.
  • an insert member is utilised which at least in part defines the inner section 56 a of the housing, that is the housing part which is adapted to be mounted over an existing wing mirror.
  • an outer section 56 b may be moulded integrally with an inner section 56 a of different profile, corresponding to a wing mirror of different design.
  • a range of mirror assemblies may be produced having identical outer sections, the inner sections of each of which are adapted to be mounted on respective particular designs of existing wing mirror, without the necessity of incurring high mould costs.
  • housing sections 56 a ′ and 56 b ′ are utilised which are fixedly secured together
  • the outer section 56 b is secured to the inner section 56 a by a means which permits some degree of relative movement between the outer and inner sections, such as a universal joint system 86, which conveniently permits relative movement of the outer section 56 b ′ about a generally horizontal axis passing through the joint system 86, and conveniently also about a generally vertical axis passing through the joint system.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)
EP19900302315 1989-03-03 1990-03-05 Rückspiegelzusammenbau Expired - Lifetime EP0385814B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8904877 1989-03-03
GB8904877A GB2228721B (en) 1989-03-03 1989-03-03 Mirror assembly

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0385814A1 true EP0385814A1 (de) 1990-09-05
EP0385814B1 EP0385814B1 (de) 1995-11-29

Family

ID=10652669

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19900302315 Expired - Lifetime EP0385814B1 (de) 1989-03-03 1990-03-05 Rückspiegelzusammenbau

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0385814B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69023785D1 (de)
GB (1) GB2228721B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6276805B1 (en) 1999-09-17 2001-08-21 Paul Home Trailer tow mirror
US6655807B2 (en) * 2001-04-16 2003-12-02 Delbar Products, Inc. Linear slide mechanism for an extendable rearview mirror for vehicles
US6896380B2 (en) 2001-04-16 2005-05-24 Delbar Products, Inc. Dual-arm linear slide mechanism for an extendable rearview mirror for vehicles
GB2443617A (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-14 David Richard Gernonn Motor vehicle wing or overtaking mirror

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011000824A1 (de) 2011-02-18 2012-08-23 Turhan Yilmaz Rückspiegel für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE202012101119U1 (de) 2012-01-12 2012-07-04 Turhan Yilmaz Rückspiegel für ein Kraftfahrzeug

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD70797A (de) *
GB708349A (en) * 1951-06-16 1954-05-05 Edward Rees Richards Mounting for reflecting mirrors for road vehicles
DE1883309U (de) * 1958-12-04 1963-11-21 Commerciale Du Comptoir Des In Rueckspiegel fuer zum ziehen von anhaengern benutzbare kraftfahrzeuge.
FR2362025A1 (fr) * 1976-08-17 1978-03-17 Raydyot Ltd Retroviseur exterieur basculant entre deux positions d'utilisation
FR2472493A1 (fr) * 1979-12-27 1981-07-03 Truchon Michel Retroviseurs exterieurs de vehicules jumeles
DE3411631C1 (de) * 1984-03-29 1985-09-26 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Auf das Gehäuse eines Fahrzeugaußenspiegels aufsetzbarer Zusatzspiegel
DE8531937U1 (de) * 1985-11-12 1986-01-09 Schweiger, Hans, 8031 Gilching Halterungsvorrichtung zum Anbringen eines zusätzlichen Spiegels an einem Außenspiegel-Gehäuse eines Kraftfahrzeugs
FR2574726A1 (fr) * 1984-12-19 1986-06-20 Marchand Louis Moyens de support reglables en longueur pour retroviseurs exterieurs de vehicules
GB2177985A (en) * 1985-07-26 1987-02-04 Reginald George Smallbones Car rear view extension mirror
DE8710366U1 (de) * 1986-07-26 1987-09-24 Williams, Stephen Daniel, Suffolk Zusatzrückspiegel für Kraftfahrzeuge
DE8900442U1 (de) * 1989-01-17 1989-03-02 Welge, Detlef, 4930 Detmold Auf den Außenspiegel eines Kraftfahrzeuges aufsteckbarer Zusatzspiegel

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES170718Y (es) * 1971-07-10 1972-07-01 Nuere Dispositivo optico plurifuncional.
US3954328A (en) * 1974-12-19 1976-05-04 Ames Marc L Extensible rear view mirror
DE3371058D1 (en) * 1983-09-02 1987-05-27 Karl Sillmann Vehicle rear view mirror arrangement
GB2199001B (en) * 1986-11-04 1990-10-10 Clarke Antony Alexande Stanley Forward viewing device for vehicles

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DD70797A (de) *
GB708349A (en) * 1951-06-16 1954-05-05 Edward Rees Richards Mounting for reflecting mirrors for road vehicles
DE1883309U (de) * 1958-12-04 1963-11-21 Commerciale Du Comptoir Des In Rueckspiegel fuer zum ziehen von anhaengern benutzbare kraftfahrzeuge.
FR2362025A1 (fr) * 1976-08-17 1978-03-17 Raydyot Ltd Retroviseur exterieur basculant entre deux positions d'utilisation
FR2472493A1 (fr) * 1979-12-27 1981-07-03 Truchon Michel Retroviseurs exterieurs de vehicules jumeles
DE3411631C1 (de) * 1984-03-29 1985-09-26 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Auf das Gehäuse eines Fahrzeugaußenspiegels aufsetzbarer Zusatzspiegel
FR2574726A1 (fr) * 1984-12-19 1986-06-20 Marchand Louis Moyens de support reglables en longueur pour retroviseurs exterieurs de vehicules
GB2177985A (en) * 1985-07-26 1987-02-04 Reginald George Smallbones Car rear view extension mirror
DE8531937U1 (de) * 1985-11-12 1986-01-09 Schweiger, Hans, 8031 Gilching Halterungsvorrichtung zum Anbringen eines zusätzlichen Spiegels an einem Außenspiegel-Gehäuse eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE8710366U1 (de) * 1986-07-26 1987-09-24 Williams, Stephen Daniel, Suffolk Zusatzrückspiegel für Kraftfahrzeuge
DE8900442U1 (de) * 1989-01-17 1989-03-02 Welge, Detlef, 4930 Detmold Auf den Außenspiegel eines Kraftfahrzeuges aufsteckbarer Zusatzspiegel

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6276805B1 (en) 1999-09-17 2001-08-21 Paul Home Trailer tow mirror
US6416192B2 (en) 1999-09-17 2002-07-09 Paul Home Trailer tow mirror
US6592231B2 (en) 1999-09-17 2003-07-15 Paul Home Trailer tow mirror
US6896379B2 (en) 1999-09-17 2005-05-24 Britax Rainsfords Pty. Limited Trailer tow mirror
US6655807B2 (en) * 2001-04-16 2003-12-02 Delbar Products, Inc. Linear slide mechanism for an extendable rearview mirror for vehicles
US6896380B2 (en) 2001-04-16 2005-05-24 Delbar Products, Inc. Dual-arm linear slide mechanism for an extendable rearview mirror for vehicles
GB2443617A (en) * 2006-11-10 2008-05-14 David Richard Gernonn Motor vehicle wing or overtaking mirror

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2228721B (en) 1993-09-08
DE69023785D1 (de) 1996-01-11
EP0385814B1 (de) 1995-11-29
GB2228721A (en) 1990-09-05
GB8904877D0 (en) 1989-04-12

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