EP0384829A1 - Mehrfarbiger Elektrolumineszenz-Flachbildschirm mit Speichereffekt - Google Patents

Mehrfarbiger Elektrolumineszenz-Flachbildschirm mit Speichereffekt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0384829A1
EP0384829A1 EP90400462A EP90400462A EP0384829A1 EP 0384829 A1 EP0384829 A1 EP 0384829A1 EP 90400462 A EP90400462 A EP 90400462A EP 90400462 A EP90400462 A EP 90400462A EP 0384829 A1 EP0384829 A1 EP 0384829A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screen according
flat screen
filters
layer
electroluminescent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90400462A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0384829B1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Thioulouse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Orange SA
Original Assignee
France Telecom SA
Etat Francais
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0384829A1 publication Critical patent/EP0384829A1/de
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Publication of EP0384829B1 publication Critical patent/EP0384829B1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
    • G09G2300/088—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements using a non-linear two-terminal element
    • G09G2300/0885—Pixel comprising a non-linear two-terminal element alone in series with each display pixel element
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
    • G09G2360/14—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors
    • G09G2360/145—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors the light originating from the display screen
    • G09G2360/147—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors the light originating from the display screen the originated light output being determined for each pixel
    • G09G2360/148—Detecting light within display terminals, e.g. using a single or a plurality of photosensors the light originating from the display screen the originated light output being determined for each pixel the light being detected by light detection means within each pixel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flat screen polychrome electroluminescent memory effect usable in the field of optoelectronics for the color display of complex images or for the color display of alphanumeric characters.
  • a display device is said to have a memory effect if its electro-optical characteristic (luminance-voltage curve) exhibits hysteresis. For the same voltage located inside the hysteresis loop, the device can thus have two stable states: off or on.
  • a memory effect display to display a still image, it is sufficient to apply simultaneously and continuously to the entire screen a so-called maintenance voltage.
  • the latter can be a sinusoidal signal or in the form of slots for example, but above all, the form and frequency of this maintenance signal can be chosen independently of the complexity of the screen, in particular the number of lines of dots. display. There is therefore in principle no limit to the complexity of a memory effect display screen.
  • bistable plasma screens with alternating excitation of 1200x1200 image points (pixels).
  • ACTFEL thin-film electroluminescence display with capacitive coupling
  • PC-EL memory effect the principle of which is as follows.
  • the photoconductive material When the device is in the off state, the photoconductive material is not very conductive and retains a significant part of the voltage V applied to the assembly. If one increases V to a value Von such that the voltage present at the terminals of the electroluminescent structure exceeds the electroluminescence threshold, the PC-EL device switches to the on state. The photoconductive material is then illuminated by the electroluminescent structure and goes into the conductive state. The voltage across its terminals drops and this results in an increase in the voltage available for the electroluminescent structure. To switch off a PC-EL device, it suffices to decrease the total voltage V to a value Voff lower than Von: this gives a luminance-voltage characteristic comprising a hysteresis.
  • FIG. 1 This structure is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1. It comprises a glass substrate 10 on which are deposited an electrode 12, a first dielectric layer 14, an electroluminescent layer 16, a second dielectric layer 18, a photoconductive layer 20, a third layer dielectric 21 and finally an electrode 22.
  • the electrodes 12 and 22 are connected to an alternating voltage source 24.
  • the layers PC and EL are thin layers, the thickness of which is of the order of a micrometer.
  • Such a structure is simple to produce because it does not require additional etching steps. Furthermore, the current-voltage behavior of the thin layer photoconductor in the dark is highly non-linear and reproducible. The beneficial consequences are that the electrical ignition of the device is always easy, that the hysteresis depends only slightly on the excitation frequency and that the reproducibility of the hysteresis margin from one manufacturing to another is guaranteed. .
  • the first solution explored intensively for obtaining polychrome screens consists in developing an electroluminescent phosphor with emission spectrum covering at least red, green and blue and called “white” phosphor, and in combining it with a mosaic of colored filters. to achieve the emission of red pixels, green or blue, in a manner analogous to the liquid crystal polychrome screens.
  • This solution is described in particular in the article by C. Brunel and N. Duruy, Opto, No. 43, March-April 1988, pp. 30-35, "Color in electroluminescent flat screens"
  • the luminance obtained for such polychrome screens is an order of magnitude lower than the levels required for applications, due to the performance insufficient white phosphorus.
  • the second solution consists in using a first substrate comprising EL layers which is made transparent or semi-transparent by an appropriate choice of rear electrodes.
  • a second so-called “inverted” substrate is associated, equipped with layers E1 and transparent rear electrodes.
  • the first structure is monochrome or bichrome, and the second structure is monochrome and is complementary to the first.
  • a two-color or three-color display device is thus obtained.
  • This solution is described in the article by Brunel and Duruy above and in the article by Christopher N. King et al., "Full-color 320x240 TFEL display panel", p. 14-17, Eurodisplay, London 15-17 September 1987.
  • This structure is relatively complex.
  • the luminance is low for the envisaged applications and the electric voltages and currents used are relatively high.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a flat polychrome electroluminescent display screen with memory effect, in particular making it possible to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the flat polychrome display screen comprises, on an insulating substrate defining one of the faces of the screen, a single electroluminescent layer and at least one photoconductive layer, these layers being stacked one on the other. , the assembly of these two layers being interposed between a first system of transparent electrodes and a second system of electrodes, connected to electrical means for exciting certain zones of the light-emitting layer, and is characterized in that the light-emitting layer is consisting of a white phosphor and in that at least two series of colored filters are interposed between the light-emitting layer and the observer.
  • white phosphorus is meant an electroluminescent material emitting at least in blue, red and green.
  • the polychrome screen of the invention thanks to the association of white phosphorus and one or more photoconductive layers, has a high luminance.
  • the PC-EL memory effect makes it possible to increase the excitation frequency of white phosphorus, regardless of the complexity of the screen, for example from 60 Hz to 1 kHz.
  • the screen of the invention is then compatible with all the applications envisaged.
  • the filters of the invention have not only the known role of "coloring" the emission of each pixel but also the advantage of significantly reducing the light intensity of the ambient lighting incident on the PC layer and therefore of avoiding 'accidental lighting of some pixels normally off; the hysteresis is then practically insensitive to any ambient lighting.
  • the most commonly used photoconductive materials for PC-EL structures are CdS x Se 1-x , a-Si 1-x C x : H with x between 0 and 1, CdS, CdSe and a-Si: H.
  • the use of a photoconductive structure with a broad sensitivity spectrum is preferred in order to ensure maximum overlap of this sensitivity spectrum with the emission spectrum of white phosphorus, it is possible to use a single photoconductive material with narrow sensitivity spectrum.
  • the photoconductive material must be chosen so that its sensitivity spectrum is located in the range of wavelengths where the light emitting emission is most intense, compared to ambient lighting.
  • Adjustable spectrum photoconductive materials such as CdS x Se 1-x and a-Si 1-x C x : H are quite suitable in this case.
  • This material is preferably deposited by the low-power plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique (around 0.1 W / cm2).
  • PECVD low-power plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition
  • a-Si 1-x C x : H is used with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 and for example 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5.
  • a characteristic of the photoconductivity spectrum of this material is the energy E04 (in eV) for which the absorption coefficient is equal to 104cm ⁇ 1.
  • the sensitivity of the photoconductive material also drops because the radiation is absorbed in all the first layers of the photoconductive layer and photoconduction, sought in the direction normal to the plane of the layers (electrical excitation is prevented because the core of the photoconductive material is not exposed to excitation radiation.
  • the photosensitivity spectrum resulting from a-Si 1-x C x : H, for a layer with a thickness of 1 micrometer, is a wide peak whose width at mid-height is approximately 50 nanometers and whose maximum is E04.
  • the width at half height corresponds to the distance separating the low and high cutoff thresholds from the PC material.
  • the white phosphors which can be used in the invention are those given in the article by Shosaku Tanaka cited above and in the article by Yoshio Abe "Multi-color electroluminescent devices utilizing SrS: Pr, Ce phosphor layers and color filters" to be published in the "Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Electroluminescence, Tottori 1988".
  • the following two white phosphors are used because of their increased performance: SrS: Ce, K, Eu and SrS: Pr, Ce.
  • the color filters which can be used in the invention must have their transmission spectrum and their coloring spectrum adapted to the emission spectrum of the white phosphorus chosen to obtain the purest red, green and blue components possible.
  • the colored filters can be interference filters. These filters make it possible to obtain low pass, high pass and band pass spectra with arbitrary cut-off wavelengths. In addition, they exhibit a sudden spectral transition from the state passing to the blocking state as well as a great chemical and thermal stability. On the other hand, these filters are often expensive. Also, when possible, colored glasses or organic filters are used instead.
  • Organic filters are in particular those used for polychrome liquid crystal screens such as layers of polymer (or gelatin) loaded with dyes or organic pigments; polyimide layers with dyes; organic pigments or dyes evaporated under vacuum: perylene (red), lead phthalocyanine (blue), phthalocyanine copper (green), quinacridone (magenta), isoindolinone (yellow); electroplated pigments.
  • all known electrode systems for display can be used.
  • one of the electrode systems can consist of point electrodes and the other system consists of a common electrode.
  • the electrode systems each consist of conductive strips parallel to each other, the conductive strips of the first system being crossed relative to the conductive strips of the second system.
  • the device of the invention can operate in reflection or in transmission.
  • one or two of the electrode systems may be transparent.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a first electrode system consisting of conductive strips 30, parallel to each other. These conductive strips 30 are generally reflective and made of aluminum. These electrodes 30 are arranged on a photoconductive layer 32 in a-Si 1-x C x : H, with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, 1 micrometer thick covering an electroluminescent structure consisting of a single emitting layer 34, as shown in the Figure 2, or associated with one or more dielectric layers, as shown in Figure 1 or in document FR-A-2 574 972.
  • the electroluminescent material is in particular one of those mentioned above; its thickness is between 0.5 and 2 micrometers (typically 0.7 m).
  • the dielectric layers 14, 18, 21 possibly associated with the material El can be made of one of the materials chosen from Si3N4, SiO2, SiO x N y , Ta2O5 and have a thickness of 200 nm.
  • the second system of electrodes 36 consisting of conductive strips parallel to each other and made of a transparent ITO material for example, the electrodes 36 being arranged pependicularly to the electrodes 30.
  • the second electrode system 36 is supported by an insulating substrate 38 generally made of glass, provided on its internal face with three series 40, 41, 42 of colored filters respectively red, green and blue.
  • the observation of the display is made by the rear face of the device, that is to say on the side of the substrate 38.
  • the ambient lighting strikes the device on the side of the substrate (white lamp 43 for example) .
  • the filters 40, 41, 42 of the device of the invention allow filtering of the light intensity of the ambient lighting (lamp 43 for example) while coloring the electroluminescent emission of layer 34.
  • These filters are for example in the form of strips parallel to each other and to one of the electrode systems 30 or 36, the red filters 40, green 41 and blue 42 being alternated.
  • the device according to the invention functions essentially like the polychrome devices of the prior art and in particular by using peripheral control circuits 45 of the type of those used in flat liquid crystal screens; these circuits deliver appropriate alternating signals and are connected to electrodes 36 and 30; the oscillation frequency of the control signals is 1 kHz for example, the 0-peak amplitude is 150 to 300 volts (typically 130 volts).
  • the emission spectrum 44 of ambient light and the emission spectrum 46 of a white phosphorus are shown.
  • the transmission spectrum of the filters R (red), green V and blue B is shown.
  • PC broadband photoconductive material
  • the red R, green V and blue B transmission spectra of the color filters are contained in the emission spectrum of white phosphorus.
  • the high cut-off frequencies ⁇ B of the blue filter have been symbolized above which the light (ambient + that emitted by white phosphorus) is filtered and below which the light is transmitted; the low cut-off frequency ⁇ V1 of the green filter below which the light is blocked; the high cut-off frequency ⁇ V2 of the green filter above which the light is blocked and the low cut-off frequency ⁇ R of the red filter below which the light is blocked.
  • These cut-off wavelengths correspond to 50% of the transmitted light intensity.
  • the photoconductive material can be a photoconductive material with a broad sensitivity spectrum (FIG. 3c) which allows maximum overlap with the emission spectrum of white phosphorus. This corresponds to a low cut-off wavelength of the photoconductor ⁇ 1 close to that of white phosphorus ⁇ 2 and to a high cut-off wavelength ⁇ 3 of the photoconductor close to that of white phosphorus ⁇ 4. ⁇ 04 corresponds to the maximum sensitivity wavelength of the photoconductive material.
  • FOG. 3c broad sensitivity spectrum
  • the photoconductive material can also be a material with a narrow sensitivity spectrum (FIG. 3d), this spectrum then being located in a region where the light intensity of the electroluminescent emission is higher than that of ambient light; the PC spectrum can be located in blue as symbolized by curve 48 or in deep red, as symbolized by curve 50.
  • the wavelengths of low and high cutoffs and maximum sensitivity are respectively ⁇ ′1, ⁇ ′04, ⁇ ′2 and ⁇ ⁇ 1, ⁇ ⁇ 04, ⁇ ⁇ 2 for curves 48 and 50.
  • ⁇ ′2 is chosen less than ⁇ B and conversely ⁇ ⁇ 1 is chosen to be greater than ⁇ R.
  • the different layers constituting the display screen of the invention can be arranged in different ways as it appears in Figures 4 and 5.
  • the only requirement is that the filters 40, 41, 42 are arranged between the observer and the electroluminescent layer 34.
  • the filters and electrodes 36 it is possible to reverse the position of the filters and electrodes 36 relative to Figure 2; the colored filters are placed between the second series of electrodes 36 and the electroluminescent structure 34.
  • the filters can be deposited by electrodeposition; they then take the form of strips parallel to the electrodes 36. In order to better see this arrangement, the directions of the electrodes 30 and 36 of FIG. 4 have been reversed with respect to FIG. 2.
  • the corresponding screen is subject to parallax effects unless the substrate is thin, that is to say of the order of 0.1 mm.
  • the two electrode systems it is also possible, as shown in FIG. 5, to reverse the location of the two electrode systems.
  • the observation is made from the front of the display screen.
  • the filters can be deposited by electrodeposition.
  • the electroluminescent material is a-Si 1-x C x : H, with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.
  • the photoconductive material a-Si 1-x C x : H of 1 ⁇ m thickness has a wavelength of maximum sensitivity ⁇ ′04 ⁇ 480 nm (that is to say ⁇ B ) which corresponds to E′04 ⁇ 2.58 eV and therefore at a methane concentration C ⁇ 0.85 and therefore at x ⁇ 0.22.
  • the electroluminescent material is SrS: Ce, K, Eu or SrS: Pr, Ce with a thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
  • Example 2 It differs from Example 1 by the use of a photoconductive material having a narrow sensitivity spectrum located in deep red.
  • This material a-Si 1-x C x : H has a wavelength of maximum sensitivity ⁇ ⁇ 04> 625 nm, that is to say> ⁇ R , which corresponds to E ⁇ 04 ⁇ 2.0 eV and therefore at a concentration C ⁇ 0.30 and at x ⁇ 0.03.
  • the colored filters based on gelatin or on polymer conventionally used are to be discarded since these filters are deposited before the electroluminescent and photoconductive materials, during the manufacture of the screen , and therefore that they undergo restrictive thermal cycles, typically from 150 to 200 ° C; these filters only support temperatures ⁇ 100 ° C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
EP90400462A 1989-02-21 1990-02-20 Mehrfarbiger Elektrolumineszenz-Flachbildschirm mit Speichereffekt Expired - Lifetime EP0384829B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8902222A FR2643488B1 (fr) 1989-02-21 1989-02-21 Ecran plat d'affichage polychrome electroluminescent a effet memoire
FR8902222 1989-02-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0384829A1 true EP0384829A1 (de) 1990-08-29
EP0384829B1 EP0384829B1 (de) 1994-07-20

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EP90400462A Expired - Lifetime EP0384829B1 (de) 1989-02-21 1990-02-20 Mehrfarbiger Elektrolumineszenz-Flachbildschirm mit Speichereffekt

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EP (1) EP0384829B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH02273496A (de)
DE (1) DE69010712T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2643488B1 (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996033594A1 (en) * 1995-04-18 1996-10-24 Cambridge Display Technology Limited Electroluminescent device
WO1997024907A1 (en) * 1995-12-30 1997-07-10 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Display device for performing display operation in accordance with signal light and driving method therefor
EP1079668A2 (de) * 1999-08-20 2001-02-28 TDK Corporation Elektrolumineszentes Anzeigegerät
WO2002071311A2 (en) * 2001-03-07 2002-09-12 Halpern John Wolfgang Mobile phone communications system with increased functionality
US7871714B2 (en) 2002-12-25 2011-01-18 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Polymer, electroluminescent device, and light emitting device

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4429835A1 (de) * 1994-08-23 1996-03-21 Heiko Dr Schwertner Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines flachen, faltbaren Folienbildschirmes
JP3463866B2 (ja) 1999-09-24 2003-11-05 富士電機株式会社 蛍光色変換膜、それを用いた蛍光色変換フィルターおよび該蛍光色変換フィルターを具備した有機発光素子
JP2004047387A (ja) 2002-07-15 2004-02-12 Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd 有機多色発光表示素子およびその製造方法
JP4251874B2 (ja) * 2003-01-21 2009-04-08 三洋電機株式会社 エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2362552A1 (fr) * 1976-08-19 1978-03-17 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Ecran d'affichage d'informations a couches electroluminescentes a base de poudre de sulfure de zinc
EP0129867A1 (de) * 1983-06-21 1985-01-02 Nec Corporation Mehrfarbige flache Anzeigevorrichtung
EP0313656A1 (de) * 1986-07-03 1989-05-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Farbanzeigeanordnung

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FR2602897B1 (fr) * 1986-08-18 1988-11-10 Thioulouse Pascal Afficheur electroluminescent a photoconducteur a faible taux de remplissage

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2362552A1 (fr) * 1976-08-19 1978-03-17 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Ecran d'affichage d'informations a couches electroluminescentes a base de poudre de sulfure de zinc
EP0129867A1 (de) * 1983-06-21 1985-01-02 Nec Corporation Mehrfarbige flache Anzeigevorrichtung
EP0313656A1 (de) * 1986-07-03 1989-05-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Komatsu Seisakusho Farbanzeigeanordnung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
SID INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996033594A1 (en) * 1995-04-18 1996-10-24 Cambridge Display Technology Limited Electroluminescent device
GB2312326A (en) * 1995-04-18 1997-10-22 Cambridge Display Tech Ltd Electroluminescent device
GB2312326B (en) * 1995-04-18 1999-07-28 Cambridge Display Tech Ltd Electroluminescent device
US6188175B1 (en) 1995-04-18 2001-02-13 Cambridge Display Technology Limited Electroluminescent device
WO1997024907A1 (en) * 1995-12-30 1997-07-10 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Display device for performing display operation in accordance with signal light and driving method therefor
US6091382A (en) * 1995-12-30 2000-07-18 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Display device for performing display operation in accordance with signal light and driving method therefor
EP1079668A2 (de) * 1999-08-20 2001-02-28 TDK Corporation Elektrolumineszentes Anzeigegerät
EP1079668A3 (de) * 1999-08-20 2002-01-09 TDK Corporation Elektrolumineszentes Anzeigegerät
WO2002071311A2 (en) * 2001-03-07 2002-09-12 Halpern John Wolfgang Mobile phone communications system with increased functionality
WO2002071311A3 (en) * 2001-03-07 2002-11-21 Halpern John Wolfgang Mobile phone communications system with increased functionality
US7871714B2 (en) 2002-12-25 2011-01-18 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Polymer, electroluminescent device, and light emitting device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2643488B1 (fr) 1994-04-29
DE69010712T2 (de) 1995-01-12
FR2643488A1 (fr) 1990-08-24
EP0384829B1 (de) 1994-07-20
JPH02273496A (ja) 1990-11-07
DE69010712D1 (de) 1994-08-25

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