EP0382125A1 - Verfahren und Einrichtung zum thermischen Oberflächenhärten von metallenen Werkstücken - Google Patents

Verfahren und Einrichtung zum thermischen Oberflächenhärten von metallenen Werkstücken Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0382125A1
EP0382125A1 EP90102152A EP90102152A EP0382125A1 EP 0382125 A1 EP0382125 A1 EP 0382125A1 EP 90102152 A EP90102152 A EP 90102152A EP 90102152 A EP90102152 A EP 90102152A EP 0382125 A1 EP0382125 A1 EP 0382125A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
hardening
laser source
laser radiation
mirror
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90102152A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rudolf Dipl.-Ing. Fetting
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hpo Hanseatische Prazisions- und Orbittechnik I K GmbH
Original Assignee
Hpo Hanseatische Prazisions- und Orbittechnik I K GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hpo Hanseatische Prazisions- und Orbittechnik I K GmbH filed Critical Hpo Hanseatische Prazisions- und Orbittechnik I K GmbH
Publication of EP0382125A1 publication Critical patent/EP0382125A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
    • Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
    • Y10S148/903—Directly treated with high energy electromagnetic waves or particles, e.g. laser, electron beam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S148/00—Metal treatment
    • Y10S148/902—Metal treatment having portions of differing metallurgical properties or characteristics
    • Y10S148/904—Crankshaft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for the thermal surface hardening of metal workpieces of the type specified in the preambles of the independent claims.
  • the workpiece (shaft end) is rotated and simultaneously advanced perpendicular to the direction of rotation; the punctiform laser beam describes a spiral or strip-shaped path on the circumference of the shaft end and creates a corresponding hardening zone. A further hardening occurs in overlapping areas; on the other hand, the warming between the winding turns may be insufficient. Overall, a surface-hardened shaft end is obtained that has periodic inhomogeneities in the surface hardness.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset which enable a more homogeneous surface hardening.
  • a particular advantage of the invention is that instead of spot heating of the surface, uniform heating is achieved in a hardening zone, the hardening zone extending in a main direction at least approximately over the entire workpiece surface to be hardened. If this hardening zone cannot already cover the entire area to be hardened, a relative movement of the workpiece and the laser source can ensure that the hardening zone travels over the entire workpiece surface to be hardened without any uneven heating until the entire surface has hardened uniformly. Excessive hardening is avoided as well as insufficient hardening.
  • the hardening zone runs in a ring-like manner over the circumference, so that a simple axial advance of the shaft enables the surface hardening of the entire shaft end to be uniform.
  • the mirror devices used to irradiate the laser radiation into the hardening zone last under protective gas, which prevents contamination.
  • the laser beam does not necessarily have to be focused; the measure according to the invention can thus be easily used for a large range of workpiece diameters.
  • the desired hardness can be adjusted in that Workpiece dimensions, rotation and translation of the workpiece and power of the laser, usually a CO2 laser, are coordinated. Since in the device according to the invention the ring mirror, which reflects the laser radiation onto the hardness zone, can be easily exchanged, additional diameter ranges can be covered.
  • the hardening head 1 has an, for example essentially cylindrical, outer housing 7 in which mirror devices 2, 3, 5 are arranged.
  • the outer housing 7 has an opening through which a shaft end 11 to be hardened on the surface can be introduced into the interior of the hardening head 1.
  • the outer housing 7 has a further opening 7 'through which a laser beam 6 from a laser source, not shown, enters outside the hardening head 1 in the direction of the arrow.
  • the laser beam 6 is incident along the main axis of the shaft end 11.
  • an inner housing 8 which is fastened to the outer housing 7 by means of holding rods 9.
  • the mirror devices initially comprise a conical mirror 5 which is fastened to the inner housing 8 in such a way that its conical tip lies on the main axis of the shaft end 11 and thus also of the laser beam 6.
  • the cone mirror 5 turns its cone tip to the (not shown) laser source, which is designed as a commercially available CO2 laser source and can be flanged to the opening 7 'of the outer housing.
  • the laser beam 6 strikes the conical mirror 5 and is deflected outward on its conical circumference.
  • the cone angle of the cone mirror 5 is chosen so that this deflection takes place at a right angle.
  • the laser beam After being deflected by the conical mirror 5, the laser beam forms a flat, disk-shaped surface perpendicular to the main axis mentioned.
  • annular deflecting mirror 3 Radially further outward from the main axis there is an annular deflecting mirror 3 in the outer housing 7 with a flat mirror surface which is inclined at a 45 ° angle to the main axis.
  • the beam coming from the conical mirror 5 is deflected by the ring-shaped deflecting mirror 3, so that a cylindrical hollow beam is created.
  • This runs through the space between the outer housing 7 and the inner housing 8 in the direction of the shaft end 11.
  • the hollow beam strikes an aspherical ring mirror 2, which is also arranged in the outer housing 7, and the beam deflected inwards onto the shaft end 11.
  • the beam converges so that it can heat up the annular circumferential region of the shaft end 11 into which it falls.
  • a hardening zone 10 is formed on this circumferential region, which extends in a ring-like manner over the entire circumference of the shaft end.
  • the incident radiation intensity and thus the heating is the same at every location in the hardening zone, since the mirror devices 2, 3, 5 divide and deflect the incident laser beam 6 completely uniformly.
  • the outer housing 7 and the inner housing 8 come close together near the opening allowing the shaft end 11 to enter the hardening head 1, so that an annular gap 4 is formed.
  • the converging beam falls from the aspherical ring mirror 2 through the annular gap 4 onto the hardening zone.
  • the formation of this relatively narrow annular gap 4 has the effect of allowing a flow of a protective gas through the intermediate space between the outer housing 7 and the inner housing 8 in order to protect the mirror devices 2, 3, 5 from contamination without, on the other hand, consuming too much protective gas. Gas losses can be further restricted by the annular gap 4 being provided in a manner not shown with a closure, for example a lamella closure, which opens when the device is switched on and thus throughflow with protective gas and otherwise remains closed.
  • the shaft end 11 is pushed evenly into the hardening head 1 in the direction of its main axis, so that the hardening zone 10 migrates from the free end of the shaft over the entire surface area of the shaft end 11 to be hardened.
  • the feed rate speed of the shaft end 11 will be chosen so that the desired hardening is achieved taking into account the power of the laser source.
  • the support rods 9, the inner housing 8 and outer housing 7 connect may consist of material that is not transparent to the infrared radiation of the CO2 laser. This could lead to inhomogeneities by shading part of the beam path. However, this can easily be compensated for by the fact that the shaft end 11 is rotated slowly in addition to its advancing movement.
  • a shadow-free hardness zone can be obtained in that the ring-shaped deflecting mirror 3 and aspherical ring mirror 2 are formed with periodic distortions or shape deviations which are matched in number, position and shape to the support rods 9 and avoid the formation of shadows. In this case, the shaft end 11 would not have to be rotated.
  • Another alternative for avoiding inhomogeneities in the hardening zone is to form the connecting elements between the outer housing 7 and the inner housing 8 from infrared-transparent material;
  • a cylindrical spacer and retaining ring made of IR-transparent material for example silicon can be used instead of the holding rods 9.
  • the device according to the invention can easily be modified in many respects.
  • the ring mirrors can be designed interchangeably; especially by replacing the aspherical ring mirror with another mirror surface curvature, the degree of convergence of the laser beam can easily be set up for other workpiece diameters.
  • the beam path does not necessarily have to have right-angled changes in direction at the conical mirror 5 and the deflecting mirror 3.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
EP90102152A 1989-02-08 1990-02-03 Verfahren und Einrichtung zum thermischen Oberflächenhärten von metallenen Werkstücken Withdrawn EP0382125A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3903616 1989-02-08
DE3903616A DE3903616C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1989-02-08 1989-02-08

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0382125A1 true EP0382125A1 (de) 1990-08-16

Family

ID=6373584

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90102152A Withdrawn EP0382125A1 (de) 1989-02-08 1990-02-03 Verfahren und Einrichtung zum thermischen Oberflächenhärten von metallenen Werkstücken

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5096511A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0382125A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH02290914A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3903616C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010149376A1 (de) * 2009-06-25 2010-12-29 Ima Klessmann Gmbh Bearbeitungszentrum
FR2980214A1 (fr) * 2011-09-20 2013-03-22 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif et procede de chauffage d'un objet sous un champ magnetique intense
CN105397312A (zh) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-16 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 一种光纤激光高效加工头
CN110205448A (zh) * 2019-07-09 2019-09-06 杭州御兴科技有限公司 一种电力金具的激光强化方法

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5449879A (en) * 1993-10-07 1995-09-12 Laser Machining, Inc. Laser beam delivery system for heat treating work surfaces
DE19914826A1 (de) * 1999-03-31 2000-09-14 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen von Bauteilen für Röntgenröhren
US6362455B1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2002-03-26 Corning Incorporated Spinning mirror laser system with focused beam
US6860960B1 (en) 2000-09-05 2005-03-01 Scimed Life Systems, Inc. Method of applying a laser beam around the circumference of a catheter
EP1477264A1 (en) * 2003-05-16 2004-11-17 Lasag Ag Apparatus for generating a rotating laser beam

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2326296B2 (de) * 1973-05-23 1976-07-15 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Bearbeitungslaser mit einem, zum schutz gegen gluehende metallteilchen vor dem laserobjektiv angeordneten lichtdurchlaessigen schutzschirm
US4197157A (en) * 1975-03-19 1980-04-08 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Method for forming refractory tubing
US4456811A (en) * 1982-06-21 1984-06-26 Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc. Method of and apparatus for heat treating axisymmetric surfaces with an annular laser beam
DD249428A1 (de) * 1986-06-02 1987-09-09 Jenaer Glaswerk Veb Anordnung zum trennen oder fuegen von hohlprofilen mittels laser
EP0281686A1 (en) * 1987-01-30 1988-09-14 Japan Tobacco Inc. Method for perforating a sheet shaped material and perforating apparatus utilizing pulsed laser beams

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE249428C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) *
JPS60149712A (ja) * 1984-01-13 1985-08-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd レ−ザ焼入れ方法
CH674954A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1988-02-02 1990-08-15 Graf & Co Ag

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2326296B2 (de) * 1973-05-23 1976-07-15 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Bearbeitungslaser mit einem, zum schutz gegen gluehende metallteilchen vor dem laserobjektiv angeordneten lichtdurchlaessigen schutzschirm
US4197157A (en) * 1975-03-19 1980-04-08 Arthur D. Little, Inc. Method for forming refractory tubing
US4456811A (en) * 1982-06-21 1984-06-26 Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc. Method of and apparatus for heat treating axisymmetric surfaces with an annular laser beam
DD249428A1 (de) * 1986-06-02 1987-09-09 Jenaer Glaswerk Veb Anordnung zum trennen oder fuegen von hohlprofilen mittels laser
EP0281686A1 (en) * 1987-01-30 1988-09-14 Japan Tobacco Inc. Method for perforating a sheet shaped material and perforating apparatus utilizing pulsed laser beams

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
METALS HANDBOOK *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010149376A1 (de) * 2009-06-25 2010-12-29 Ima Klessmann Gmbh Bearbeitungszentrum
FR2980214A1 (fr) * 2011-09-20 2013-03-22 Centre Nat Rech Scient Dispositif et procede de chauffage d'un objet sous un champ magnetique intense
WO2013041601A1 (fr) * 2011-09-20 2013-03-28 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) Dispositif et procede de chauffage d'un objet sous un champ magnetique intense
US9241372B2 (en) 2011-09-20 2016-01-19 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (Cnrs) Device and method for heating an object in an intense magnetic field
CN105397312A (zh) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-16 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 一种光纤激光高效加工头
CN105397312B (zh) * 2014-09-11 2017-06-27 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 一种光纤激光高效加工头
CN110205448A (zh) * 2019-07-09 2019-09-06 杭州御兴科技有限公司 一种电力金具的激光强化方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5096511A (en) 1992-03-17
JPH02290914A (ja) 1990-11-30
DE3903616C1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-08-02

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