EP0379980B1 - Selbsttragendes Fassadenelement in Sandwichbauweise - Google Patents

Selbsttragendes Fassadenelement in Sandwichbauweise Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0379980B1
EP0379980B1 EP90101046A EP90101046A EP0379980B1 EP 0379980 B1 EP0379980 B1 EP 0379980B1 EP 90101046 A EP90101046 A EP 90101046A EP 90101046 A EP90101046 A EP 90101046A EP 0379980 B1 EP0379980 B1 EP 0379980B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layers
self
fiber
supporting
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90101046A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0379980A1 (de
Inventor
Helfried Dr. Hähne
Johann-Dietrich Dr. Wörner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hoechst AG filed Critical Hoechst AG
Publication of EP0379980A1 publication Critical patent/EP0379980A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0379980B1 publication Critical patent/EP0379980B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-supporting facade element in sandwich construction consisting of at least two self-supporting layers and at least one intermediate insulation layer, which is essentially metal-free and therefore has good thermal insulation and, if appropriate, sound insulation and electromagnetic waves, e.g. Radar beams, not reflected.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing these facade elements and their use for the erection and cladding of structures which emit electromagnetic waves, e.g. Radar rays, not or only slightly reflect.
  • electromagnetic waves e.g. Radar rays
  • a sandwich composite panel (for the construction sector) is known, consisting of 2 thin-walled outer shells, which are firmly connected to rustproof composite anchors and whose cavity between the outer shells is filled with insulating material, which has parallel and mutually offset recesses.
  • the two outer shells (1) are thinner than 1.5 cm, the insulating material firmly embedded between the outer shells can have any thickness.
  • the outer shells are made of fine concrete with reinforcement made of rust-free fibers or fiber fabrics.
  • Such composite panels have strength values which are usually for a self-supporting facade construction within the meaning of this invention, i.e. without stabilization by a metallic support structure, not sufficient. Even with fiber reinforcement of an outer shell, these panels can therefore only be used to a limited extent.
  • the present invention provides such a facade element.
  • the self-supporting facade element according to the invention has a multilayer structure (sandwich construction) from at least two self-supporting layers (base layer and facing layer) and at least one insulating layer between them and is characterized in that it is essentially, preferably completely, metal-free that the self-supporting layers are made of fiber-reinforced Concrete exist and the layers are positively fixed to one another by essentially, preferably completely, metal-free fastening means.
  • the term concrete also includes lightweight concrete.
  • the individual layers of the facade element according to the invention are positively connected to one another.
  • the connection of the layers must be so strong that it resists all shear and delamination forces that occur during production, processing and later use.
  • the positive connection must absorb in particular the inherent weight of the facing layer and the wind suction forces acting thereon.
  • the facing layer and the support layer adjacent to it offset in height from one another, have horizontal brackets projecting into the space between the two layers, which lie one above the other in such a way that the inherent weight of the facing layer from their bracket the material of the insulation layer is transferred to the bracket of the base layer.
  • this construction requires an appropriate load-bearing capacity of the insulation material
  • the facing layer and the adjacent base layer can also have a plurality of horizontally spaced horizontal brackets which are assigned to one another in a force-transmitting manner.
  • the projection of the consoles is chosen so that they correspond to approximately 2/3 to 3/4 of the thickness of the insulation layer.
  • brackets for transferring the weight of the facing layer.
  • the cross-section of the brackets can be chosen arbitrarily, for example rectangular or triangular, but its thickness must be sufficient to transmit the forces involved.
  • a triangular or trapezoidal cross-section has the advantage that the area in which the insulation layer is thinner can be kept relatively small.
  • the function of the support layer of the facade element according to the invention is to give the element a high mechanical strength, in particular to impart such a high bending tensile strength that the element can be assembled with the same or different types of components to form stable, self-supporting building walls.
  • the facade element according to the invention requires only one base layer, but it can be expedient for particularly high demands on the stability or if special constructions are to be managed statically, to provide two or more base layers, between each of which there are insulation layers.
  • the base layer or the base layers can be considerably increased by known shaping measures, for example by reinforcing ribs.
  • a base layer is sufficient to give the facade element according to the invention the required stability. Facade elements with a base layer, ie with a three-layer structure, are therefore preferred.
  • the function of the facing layer is predominantly a protective function for the underlying structure.
  • the facing layer must therefore have the highest possible shrink resistance, weather resistance and frost resistance.
  • This function can also be supported by shaping measures, e.g. in that the edge parts are shaped in such a way that the facing shells of adjacent and superimposed facade elements according to the invention engage in a scale-like manner one above the other or in one another.
  • composition of the fiber-reinforced concrete from which these layers are made is of decisive importance for the strength of the self-supporting layers, ie the base layer and the facing layer.
  • the properties corresponding to the above-mentioned functions of these layers are essentially determined by the composition of the fiber-reinforced concrete from which these layers are made. In principle, all known compositions that meet the specified specifications come into consideration as the concrete matrix for the facing and the supporting shell.
  • compositions are known to consist of an inorganic or organic binder, additives such as gravel, sand, split, fly ash and optionally additives such as flow agents, pore formers, etc.
  • additives such as gravel, sand, split, fly ash and optionally additives such as flow agents, pore formers, etc.
  • the various inorganic cement types are primarily considered, but also gypsum or Sulfur, as organic Binding agents are essentially epoxy resins, polyester resins or PCC resins. Binders and aggregates are expediently present in the concrete in a ratio of 1: 3 to 1: 8.
  • the additives are usually added to the concrete in a proportion of up to 5% by weight of the concrete mixture.
  • composition of the concrete mixture is selected in a manner known per se according to the required specifications.
  • the properties of the concrete mix are largely determined by the fiber content contained therein.
  • the fibers can be contained in the fiber-reinforced concrete both as individual filaments, either continuously or cut, in staple lengths of 2 to 60 mm, preferably 6 to 12 mm, and homogeneously or inhomogeneously, preferably with a specific inhomogeneity, or they can be in the form of continuous or fiber yarns of strands or rods or in the form of textile fabrics such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics or nonwovens, etc.
  • the easiest way to achieve a homogeneous distribution of the fiber materials over the thickness of the self-supporting layers made from the fiber concrete is with continuous or staple fibers, which are added to the concrete mixture and mixed in evenly.
  • continuous or staple fibers which are added to the concrete mixture and mixed in evenly.
  • Such targeted inhomogeneity using individual fibers can be produced, for example, by producing two concrete mixtures with different fiber content and layering them in the desired manner and allowing them to harden.
  • fiber products in the form of yarns, skeins, rods, fabrics, knitted fabrics or nonwovens these materials can of course be introduced in a targeted manner in the areas of the self-supporting components that are to be reinforced with particular preference.
  • fiber strands or rods can be cast in a horizontal, parallel arrangement or in a crossed arrangement in the vicinity of the two surfaces of the self-supporting components.
  • fiber materials can also be used to reinforce the more neutral interior areas of the component.
  • the fiber content in the fiber-reinforced concrete of the facade elements according to the invention is on average 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.3 to 2, in particular 0.5 to 1% by volume. Because of the different mechanical loads on the facing layer and the supporting layer of the facade element, the additional amounts of the fiber material can be adjusted within the above limits. For example, only 0.3 to 0.6% by volume of fiber material is preferably used in the facing shell, but preferably 1 to 2% by volume of fiber material in the carrier shell.
  • the chemical nature of the fiber material is also of particular importance for the static properties of the facade element according to the invention.
  • the fibers used should be resistant to chemicals, in particular acid and alkali, resistant to elevated temperatures and corrosion-resistant; they should have a good bond behavior in the matrix and should not pose any health risks.
  • synthetic fibers such as Fiber materials made from polyacrylonitrile, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, aramid and carbon fibers.
  • Polyacrylonitrile fibers, but also polyester fibers, expediently from end group-capped polyesters, are preferably used for alkaline concrete mixtures. For PCC concrete, polyacrylonitrile and polyester fibers are also preferred.
  • Fiber materials of the type mentioned are commercially available in numerous types and it is advisable to use high-strength types to reinforce the concrete mixtures.
  • high-strength, homopolymeric, so-called technical, polyacrylonitrile fibers, such as (R) dolanite can be used universally and are therefore particularly preferred in the production of the facade elements according to the invention.
  • Technical fibers of this type have, depending on the titer, 2 to 3 times as high initial moduli and final strengths as corresponding textile fibers and therefore have far superior reinforcement properties.
  • the porous insulation layer of the facade elements according to the invention can be produced from all known porous insulation materials.
  • Both soft, flexible and dimensionally stable, hard materials can be used.
  • fiber mats come into consideration, in particular those made of inorganic fibers such as rock wool or glass fiber mats, preferably those which are solidified by the addition of a binder or also foams, such as, for example, soft foam made from latex materials, but preferably rigid foams, such as, for example, polystyrene foam, glass foams or polyurethane foams.
  • Hard foam panels, which are themselves fiber-reinforced, are particularly preferred, in particular those that have high mechanical stability due to the incorporation of three-dimensional fiber frameworks.
  • the facade elements according to the invention preferably have a three-layer structure comprising a base layer, an insulation layer and a facing layer.
  • the thickness of the individual layers is chosen according to their functions specified above.
  • the thickness of the base layer is therefore adapted to the requirements of statics, taking into account the strength properties of the fiber-reinforced concrete, the thickness of the facing layer and the insulation layer is selected in accordance with the required protection and insulation properties.
  • the following strength areas have proven to be expedient, in particular in the case of a three-layer structure of the facade element: For the base layer 8 to 30 cm, preferably 10 to 20 cm depending on the static requirements, for the facing layer 3 to 8 cm, preferably 4 to 6 cm and for the insulation layer 2 to 30 cm, preferably 5 to 15 cm.
  • the individual layers of the facade element according to the invention are positively connected to one another.
  • All known means which give the required strength can be used as connecting means for the layers.
  • the three layers can be glued.
  • the positive connection of the individual layers of the facade element according to the invention by essentially or preferably completely metal-free anchors which penetrate all layers of the facade element and are firmly anchored in the fiber concrete layers.
  • a fiber-reinforced plastic with high tensile, bending tensile and shear strength is expediently used as the material for these preferably metal-free anchors.
  • the anchor has at least one change in its shape, for example a bend or a change in its diameter, in areas in which it lies in the fiber concrete layer.
  • Other options for fixing the anchors in the fiber concrete layers of the facade element according to the invention are also possible.
  • anchors that penetrate all layers of the facade element can be spread and thus fixed in the areas of the fiber concrete layers.
  • Gluing the anchors in the area of the fiber concrete layers using appropriate high-strength adhesives can also be used to fix the anchors in the concrete layers.
  • the anchors are evenly distributed over the surface of the facade element according to the invention, so that all anchors are approximately uniformly loaded by the forces to be transmitted.
  • Anchors which predominantly have to absorb the wind suction forces, expediently lie essentially perpendicular to the surface of the facade element according to the invention; on the other hand, the direction of anchors, which predominantly absorb the inherent weight of the facing shell, has the largest possible vertical component, ie that these anchor elements are inclined in the facade element, inclined in the direction of the vertical.
  • FIG. 1 serves to illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically an oblique view of a facade element according to the invention with partially removed individual layers, which consists of a support layer (1), a facing layer (2) and an insulation layer (3) and the anchor (4) and horizontal brackets (5) has positive connection of the layers.
  • a self-supporting facade element according to the invention is particularly, preferably made of a base layer, a facing layer and an intervening insulation layer, which is characterized in that it is completely metal-free, that the base and facing layer consist of fiber-reinforced concrete, in particular cement concrete, the reinforcing fibers as staple fibers with a stack length of 2 to 60 mm and made of polyacrylonitrile, and that the three layers are positively connected to each other by plastic anchors.
  • the facade element according to the invention is produced by positively connecting at least two self-supporting surface elements made of fiber-reinforced concrete with intermediate layers made of porous insulating material.
  • the prefabricated individual layers can be connected to each other in a form-fitting manner by gluing.
  • Another possibility for producing the facade elements according to the invention is to position the prefabricated layers in the desired manner, to perforate the still loose sandwich at several locations distributed over the surface and to insert plastic anchors into the perforation holes, which can be fixed in the area of the fiber-reinforced concrete layers .
  • the fixation can be done either by spreading or by gluing the plastic anchors. This manufacturing method is independent of the mechanical stability of the insulation layer.
  • the facade element according to the invention is used with particular advantage for the construction of structures in areas in which radar guidance systems work, e.g. in the area of airfields.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
EP90101046A 1989-01-24 1990-01-19 Selbsttragendes Fassadenelement in Sandwichbauweise Expired - Lifetime EP0379980B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3901937A DE3901937A1 (de) 1989-01-24 1989-01-24 Selbsttragendes fassadenelement in sandwichbauweise
DE3901937 1989-01-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0379980A1 EP0379980A1 (de) 1990-08-01
EP0379980B1 true EP0379980B1 (de) 1992-01-15

Family

ID=6372646

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90101046A Expired - Lifetime EP0379980B1 (de) 1989-01-24 1990-01-19 Selbsttragendes Fassadenelement in Sandwichbauweise

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0379980B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPH02248556A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
AT (1) ATE71684T1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (2) DE3901937A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DK (1) DK0379980T3 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
ES (1) ES2030303T3 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GR (1) GR3004343T3 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
IE (1) IE900252L (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
PT (1) PT92936A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7410687B2 (en) 2004-06-08 2008-08-12 Trex Co Inc Variegated composites and related methods of manufacture

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4035460A1 (de) * 1990-11-08 1992-05-14 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Grossflaechiges schallschutz-wandsystem
DE19826109C1 (de) * 1998-06-12 1999-10-07 Bock Hans Peter Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verbundplatte
DE10007100B4 (de) * 2000-02-16 2005-04-21 Syspro-Gruppe Betonbauteile E.V. Wand-/Deckenhalbfertigbaulelement
DE10141265B4 (de) * 2001-08-22 2005-02-24 Hans-Peter Bock Modifizierte Verbundplatte
DE20207945U1 (de) * 2002-05-22 2003-09-25 Hegger, Josef, Prof. Dr., 52076 Aachen Textilbetonelement
ITTO20080750A1 (it) * 2008-10-14 2010-04-15 Deda Di C Defilippi E C S A S Elementi per pareti e barriere termoisolanti, fonoisolanti e fonoassorbenti a prestazioni migliorate
FR2962462B1 (fr) * 2010-07-09 2017-07-07 Lamoureux Ricciotti Ingenierie Panneau isolant pour l'execution de parois de batiment et son procede de fabrication
DE102013021323A1 (de) 2013-12-17 2015-06-18 Herbert Eberlein Betonplatteneinheit
DE202014003123U1 (de) 2014-04-10 2015-02-11 Herbert Eberlein Betonplatteneinheit
CN112064883A (zh) * 2020-09-17 2020-12-11 安徽艾雅伦新材料科技有限公司 一种吸音型软质强化保温墙板及其制作工艺

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1484152A1 (de) * 1963-05-28 1969-01-16 Leopold Colard Schichtstoff
AU520177B2 (en) * 1977-08-15 1982-01-21 John Tilly Graeme Wall panel
AT352968B (de) * 1978-05-31 1979-10-25 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag Mehrschichtiges bauelement
NL8000196A (nl) * 1979-03-01 1980-09-03 Stamicarbon Laagsgewijs samengestelde plaat.
FR2465844A1 (fr) * 1979-09-25 1981-03-27 Patrick Mournaud Perfectionnements apportes aux panneaux prefabriques pour la realisation de constructions notamment a usage d'habitation, ainsi que les constructions faisant application de tels panneaux
DE2939877A1 (de) * 1979-10-02 1981-05-07 Walther Ing.(grad.) 4952 Porta Westfalica Schröder Sandwich-verbundplatte
US4393635A (en) * 1981-04-30 1983-07-19 Long Robert T Insulated wall construction apparatus
FR2568869A1 (fr) * 1984-08-10 1986-02-14 Selam Sa Nouveau materiau composite pour la fabrication de panneaux pour constructions prefabriquees

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7410687B2 (en) 2004-06-08 2008-08-12 Trex Co Inc Variegated composites and related methods of manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59000030D1 (de) 1992-02-27
DE3901937A1 (de) 1990-07-26
IE900252L (en) 1990-07-24
EP0379980A1 (de) 1990-08-01
JPH02248556A (ja) 1990-10-04
ES2030303T3 (es) 1992-10-16
PT92936A (pt) 1991-09-30
DK0379980T3 (da) 1992-05-11
ATE71684T1 (de) 1992-02-15
GR3004343T3 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1993-03-31

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