EP0378252A2 - Tool for manufacturing construction elements - Google Patents

Tool for manufacturing construction elements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0378252A2
EP0378252A2 EP90105421A EP90105421A EP0378252A2 EP 0378252 A2 EP0378252 A2 EP 0378252A2 EP 90105421 A EP90105421 A EP 90105421A EP 90105421 A EP90105421 A EP 90105421A EP 0378252 A2 EP0378252 A2 EP 0378252A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
milling
contours
shaft
work
lightweight concrete
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90105421A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0378252A3 (en
EP0378252B1 (en
Inventor
Markus Stracke
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT90105421T priority Critical patent/ATE104203T1/en
Publication of EP0378252A2 publication Critical patent/EP0378252A2/en
Publication of EP0378252A3 publication Critical patent/EP0378252A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0378252B1 publication Critical patent/EP0378252B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/18—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by milling, e.g. channelling by means of milling tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/18—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by milling, e.g. channelling by means of milling tools
    • B28D1/186—Tools therefor, e.g. having exchangeable cutter bits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F19/00—Other details of constructional parts for finishing work on buildings
    • E04F19/02—Borders; Finishing strips, e.g. beadings; Light coves
    • E04F19/04—Borders; Finishing strips, e.g. beadings; Light coves for use between floor or ceiling and wall, e.g. skirtings
    • E04F19/0436—Borders; Finishing strips, e.g. beadings; Light coves for use between floor or ceiling and wall, e.g. skirtings between ceiling and wall

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a milling process for lightweight concrete parts.
  • the milling method according to the invention for lightweight concrete components consists in incorporating a cornice profile with rotating sheets serving as milling cutters in one operation into lightweight concrete parts such as polystyrene foam concrete with a density of approximately 0.2 to 0.4.
  • the inventive device for performing the milling process is characterized by the features of claim 3. Characterized in that the outer contours of the sheets correspond mirror image to the outline of the cornice profile, the cornice profile can be produced in one operation with low manufacturing costs for the milling cutter. This also makes it possible to produce curved cornice parts with the same tool as straight cornice sections.
  • a technologically particularly simple to implement embodiment of the milling cutter according to the invention is the subject of claim 4.
  • This milling cutter shape also enables a quick changeover to other profile shapes.
  • a further embodiment of the milling device according to the invention is the subject of claim 5.
  • the setting for the production of other profiles, after inserting the milling plate provided for this purpose, is therefore possible in an unusually fast manner and without great expense.
  • the facade moldings are produced in such a way that a lightweight concrete mass is introduced into V-shaped channels.
  • This lightweight concrete mass consists largely of foamed plastics, eg polystyrene foam, particle size 2-7 mm, and partly of cement and water. Bulk densities of 0.2 to 0.4 can be achieved.
  • the physical properties of this mass are surprisingly good, eg not brittle, absolutely frost-proof, fire-proof, extremely easy to work with and extremely heat-insulating.
  • One or more horizontal shafts 3 each receive a longitudinal slot 4 passing through their center, whereby in the longitudinal slot, e.g. slot length 1 m, slot thickness 4 mm, the respective shaped profiled sheet 5 e.g. 4 mm thick, which has 6 mirror-like contours 7 on its outer contours with the cornice contours, pushed through and fastened in the middle.
  • the longitudinal slot e.g. slot length 1 m, slot thickness 4 mm
  • the respective shaped profiled sheet 5 e.g. 4 mm thick, which has 6 mirror-like contours 7 on its outer contours with the cornice contours, pushed through and fastened in the middle.
  • the milling shaft 3 which rotates in the opposite direction to the direction of feed 2 (arrow 13), is suspended on both bearings by pendulum spindles, so that in addition to horizontal back and forth movement (arrow 8) of the shaft, up and down movements (arrow 9) of the shaft as well as inclined positions in any way, for the purpose of positioning.
  • the end shields are fixed to the vertical mounting frame. The setting for the production of other profiles, after inserting the milling plate 5 provided for this purpose, is therefore possible unusually quickly and without great expense.
  • the facade parts can be profiled with this device at any point, whereby certain profiles are possible not only on the visible side by processing the part 10, but also on the top and rear of the element.
  • Small channels are milled on the top of the structure, which are used for subsequent filling with heavy concrete and to hold reinforcement bars protected against rust.
  • fine grooves can also be pre-milled to accommodate larger quantities of adhesive mortar.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Abstract

In a process of milling lightweight concrete components a moulding is produced from lightweight concrete such as polystyrene foam/concrete of S.G. approx. 0.2 to 0.4 in a single operation by using revolving plates of suitable contours. The material (mainly polystyrene foam plus a small amt. of cement) is allowed to cure and the next day is (1) fed along a V-section guide (12) by the tool (11). Curved mouldings can be made by using curved guides (12). One or more revolving shafts (3) have through-slots (4) along their centre, e.g., 1 m long and 4 mm wide; each such slot holds a profiled plate (5), e.g., 4 mm thick. The outer contours of these plates (5) are shaped to the negatives of the contours desired in the moulding to be produced (6). The shafts (3) are mounted so that they can be readily adjusted or moved at adjustable angle to the work. The set-up allows the work to be contoured at any part and on e.g., either side. The top face of the work can have small grooves to take heavy concrete and reinforcing members.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Fräsverfahren für Leicht­betonteile.The invention relates to a milling process for lightweight concrete parts.

Aus der DE-A-1 801 337 ist es bekannt, geradlinig begrenzte Profile wie z.B. Nuten auch in Gasbetonbauteile mittels eines Fräsers einzuarbeiten. Dieser Fräser ist dem Fräser der spanabhebenden Materialbearbeitung im Maschinenbau nachgebil­det, indem er über seinen Umfang verteilt eine Vielzahl von Fräsmesser eingesetzt hat.From DE-A-1 801 337 it is known to define straight-line profiles such as Work grooves in gas concrete components using a milling cutter. This milling cutter is modeled on the milling machine tool in mechanical engineering by using a large number of milling knives distributed over its circumference.

Die Einarbeitung von vielgestaltigen und komplizierten Pro­filformen, wie z.B. Fassaden zugehöriger Gesimsprofile, ist zwar theoretisch mit nach der Frästechnik des Maschinenbaus ausgebildeten Fräsern möglich, jedoch zufolge der dann ent­stehenden hohen Werkzeugkosten nicht mit einem wirtschaftlich vertretbaren Aufwand.The incorporation of diverse and complicated profile shapes, such as Facades of associated cornice profiles are theoretically possible with milling cutters designed according to the milling technology of mechanical engineering, but due to the high tool costs that then arise, they are not economically justifiable.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, ein Fräsverfahren, eine Fräsvorrichtung und einen Fräser anzugeben, mit welchem im Rahmen eines wirtschaftlichen Arbeitsverfahren kostengünstig beliebig gestaltete Gesimsprofile in Leichtbetonbauteile ein­gearbeitet werden können.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a milling method, a milling device and a milling cutter, with which, in the context of an economical working method, cornice profiles of any design can be worked into lightweight concrete components at low cost.

Das erfindungsgemäße Fräsverfahren für Leichtbetonbauteile besteht darin, daß in Leichtbetonteile, wie z.B. Polystyrol­schaumbeton mit einem Raumgewicht von ca. 0,2 bis 0,4, ein Gesimsprofil mit als Fräser dienenden rotierenden Blechen in einem Arbeitsgang eingearbeitet wird. Zunächst war es überra­schend, daß es mit rotierenden Blechen möglich ist, Leichtbe­tonbauteile dieser Beschaffenheit schnell und mit sauberer und genauer Profilform überhaupt herstellen zu können und noch dazu in einem Arbeitsgang. Die sich hieraus ergebende Wirtschaftlichkeit macht es überhaupt erst möglich, Ge­simsprofile für Fassaden rationell herzustellen.The milling method according to the invention for lightweight concrete components consists in incorporating a cornice profile with rotating sheets serving as milling cutters in one operation into lightweight concrete parts such as polystyrene foam concrete with a density of approximately 0.2 to 0.4. First of all, it was surprising that it is possible with rotating sheets to be able to produce lightweight concrete components of this nature quickly and with a clean and precise profile shape, and in a single operation. The resulting economic viability makes it possible to rationally produce cornice profiles for facades.

Zu einer erhöhten Sauberkeit und Genauigkeit des hergestell­ten Profiles kann in Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Fräsverfahrens gemäß dem Merkmal des Anspruches 2 vorgegangen werden.In a further development of the milling method according to the invention, an increased cleanliness and accuracy of the produced profile can be carried out according to the feature of claim 2.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Fräs­verfahrens ist durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 3 gekenn­zeichnet. Dadurch, daß die Außenkonturen der Bleche spiegel­bildlich dem Umriß des Gesimsprofiles entsprechen, kann bei geringen Herstellungskosten für den Fräser das Gesimsprofil in einem Arbeitsgang hergestellt werden. Hiedurch ist es auch möglich, Bogengesimsteile mit demselben Werkzeug herzustellen wie gerade Gesimsteilstücke.The inventive device for performing the milling process is characterized by the features of claim 3. Characterized in that the outer contours of the sheets correspond mirror image to the outline of the cornice profile, the cornice profile can be produced in one operation with low manufacturing costs for the milling cutter. This also makes it possible to produce curved cornice parts with the same tool as straight cornice sections.

Eine technologisch besonders einfach realisierbare Ausfüh­rungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Fräsers ist Gegenstand des Anspruches 4. Auch ermöglicht diese Fräserform ein schnelles Umrüsten auf andere Profilformen.A technologically particularly simple to implement embodiment of the milling cutter according to the invention is the subject of claim 4. This milling cutter shape also enables a quick changeover to other profile shapes.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Fräsvor­richtung ist Gegenstand des Anspruches 5. Die Einstellung für die Herstellung anderer Profile, nach Einschieben des dafür vorgesehenen Fräsbleches ist daher ungewöhnlich schnell und ohne größeren Kostenaufwand möglich.A further embodiment of the milling device according to the invention is the subject of claim 5. The setting for the production of other profiles, after inserting the milling plate provided for this purpose, is therefore possible in an unusually fast manner and without great expense.

Die Herstellung der Fassadenformkörper erfolgt so, daß in V-­förmige Rinnen eine Leichtbetonmasse eingebracht wird. Diese Leichtbetonmasse besteht zum großen Teil aus geschäumten Kunststoffen, z.B. Polystyrolschaumstoff, Partikelgröße 2-7 mm, und zum kleinen Teil aus Zement und Wasser. Dabei sind Rohdichten von 0,2 bis 0,4 erzielbar. Die physikalischen Ei­genschaften dieser Masse sind erstaunlich gut, z.B. nicht spröde, absolut frostsicher, feuersicher, extrem leichte Be­arbeitbarkeit und extrem wärmedämmend. Wärmeleitzahl: Lamda 0,06 bis 0,08 W/mh°K. Nach Erhärten am nächsten Tag wird der Fassadenelementrohling 1 durch eine in der Zeichnung darge­stellte Fräsvorrichtung mittels z.B. eines Vorschubschiebers 11 längs der Führung 12 geschoben. Die Vorschubrichtung 2 wird bei Bogengesimsteilen auf gekrümmter Bahn vorgenommen. Die Fräsvorrichtung kann aufgrund der guten Bearbeitbarkeit des Rohlings nach sehr einfachem Prinzip arbeiten:The facade moldings are produced in such a way that a lightweight concrete mass is introduced into V-shaped channels. This lightweight concrete mass consists largely of foamed plastics, eg polystyrene foam, particle size 2-7 mm, and partly of cement and water. Bulk densities of 0.2 to 0.4 can be achieved. The physical properties of this mass are surprisingly good, eg not brittle, absolutely frost-proof, fire-proof, extremely easy to work with and extremely heat-insulating. Thermal conductivity: Lamda 0.06 to 0.08 W / mh ° K. After hardening the next day, the facade element blank 1 is pushed along the guide 12 by a milling device shown in the drawing by means of a feed slide 11, for example. The feed direction 2 is carried out in the case of curved cornice parts on a curved path. Due to the good machinability of the blank, the milling device can work according to a very simple principle:

Eine oder mehrere horizontale Wellen 3 erhalten jeweils einen durch deren Mitte gehenden Längsschlitz 4 wobei in den Längs­schlitz, z.B: Schlitzlänge 1 m, Schlitzstärke 4 mm, das je­weilige Formprofilblech 5 z.B. 4 mm stark, welches an seinen Außenkonturen mit den Gesimskonturen 6 spiegelgleiche Umrisse 7 aufweist, durchgeschoben und mittig befestigt wird.One or more horizontal shafts 3 each receive a longitudinal slot 4 passing through their center, whereby in the longitudinal slot, e.g. slot length 1 m, slot thickness 4 mm, the respective shaped profiled sheet 5 e.g. 4 mm thick, which has 6 mirror-like contours 7 on its outer contours with the cornice contours, pushed through and fastened in the middle.

Die gegenläufig, zur Vorschubrichtung 2 sich drehende (Pfeil 13) Fräswelle 3 ist an beiden Lagerungen durch Hängespindeln pendelnd aufgehängt, sodaß außer horizontaler Hin- und Herbe­wegung (Pfeil 8) der Welle auch Auf- und Abbewegungen (Pfeil 9) der Welle sowie auch Schrägstellungen in beliebiger Art, zwecks Positionierung, möglich sind. Nach Positionierung der Fräswelle 3 werden die Lagerschilder am vertikalen Halte­rungsgerüst jeweils fixiert. Die Einstellung für die Herstel­lung anderer Profile, nach Einschieben des dafür vorgesehenen Fräsbleches 5 ist daher ungewöhnlich schnell und ohne großen Kostenaufwand möglich.The milling shaft 3, which rotates in the opposite direction to the direction of feed 2 (arrow 13), is suspended on both bearings by pendulum spindles, so that in addition to horizontal back and forth movement (arrow 8) of the shaft, up and down movements (arrow 9) of the shaft as well as inclined positions in any way, for the purpose of positioning. After positioning the milling shaft 3, the end shields are fixed to the vertical mounting frame. The setting for the production of other profiles, after inserting the milling plate 5 provided for this purpose, is therefore possible unusually quickly and without great expense.

Die Fassadenteile können mit dieser Vorrichtung an beliebigen Stellen profiliert werden, wobei nicht nur an deren Sicht­seite durch Abarbeitung des Teiles 10, sondern auch an der Elementoberseite und der Rückseite bestimmte Profilierungen möglich sind. An der Baukörperoberseite werden kleine Rinnen gefräst, die zur nachträglichen Füllung mit Schwerbeton und zur Aufnahme von dadurch rostgeschützten Armierungseisen die­nen.The facade parts can be profiled with this device at any point, whereby certain profiles are possible not only on the visible side by processing the part 10, but also on the top and rear of the element. Small channels are milled on the top of the structure, which are used for subsequent filling with heavy concrete and to hold reinforcement bars protected against rust.

An der, dem Mauerwerk zugewandten Seite des Formkörpers kön­nen auch feine Rillen zur Aufnahme von größeren Klebemörtel­mengen vorgefräst sein.On the side of the molded body facing the masonry, fine grooves can also be pre-milled to accommodate larger quantities of adhesive mortar.

Claims (5)

1. Fräsverfahren für Leichtbetonteile,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß in Leichtbetonteile, wie z.B. Polystyrolschaumbeton mit einem Raumgewicht von ca. 0,2 bis 0,4, ein Gesimsprofil mit als Fräser dienenden rotierenden Blechen in einem Arbeitsgang eingearbeitet wird.1. milling process for lightweight concrete parts,
characterized,
that in cornices, such as polystyrene foam concrete with a density of about 0.2 to 0.4, a cornice profile with rotating plates serving as milling cutters is incorporated in one operation. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Drehrichtung der Fräserwelle gegenläufig zur Vor­schubrichtung des zu bearbeitenden Leichtbetonteiles gewählt wird.2. The method according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the direction of rotation of the milling cutter shaft is chosen in the opposite direction to the feed direction of the lightweight concrete part to be processed. 3. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Fräsverfahrens nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, mit einer Haltevorrichtung für den zu bearbeitenden Gesimsteil und einen Fräser,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Fräser an den Außenkonturen mit gegenüber am Gesimsprofil spiegelgleichen Umrissen ausgebildete Bleche aufweist.3. Device for carrying out the milling method according to claim 1 or 2, with a holding device for the cornice part to be machined and a milling cutter,
characterized,
that the milling cutter has on the outer contours with sheet metal which is formed in the same way as mirror-like contours on the cornice profile. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß bei Verwendung von lediglich zwei Blechen diese ein­stückig ausgebildet, in einen Schlitz der Fräswelle ein­geschoben und dort, insbesondere im Bereich der Blech-Symme­trieebene, festgelegt sind.4. The device according to claim 3,
characterized,
that if only two sheets are used, they are formed in one piece, inserted into a slot of the milling shaft and fixed there, in particular in the area of the sheet plane of symmetry. 5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 oder 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Fräserwelle derart gelagert ist, daß der Fräser sowohl in Richtung der Welle hin- und herbewegbar, als auch senkrecht zur Welle auf- und abbewegbar und auch schrägstell­bar ist.5. Device according to one of claims 3 or 4,
characterized,
that the cutter shaft is mounted in such a way that the cutter can be moved back and forth in the direction of the shaft, as well as moved up and down perpendicular to the shaft and can also be inclined.
EP90105421A 1985-06-03 1986-06-03 Tool for manufacturing construction elements Expired - Lifetime EP0378252B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90105421T ATE104203T1 (en) 1985-06-03 1990-03-22 DEVICE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPONENTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1675/85 1985-06-03
AT167585 1985-06-03
EP86890162A EP0211821B1 (en) 1985-06-03 1986-06-03 Manufacture process of construction elements, their reinforcing and means for their assembling

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86890162.0 Division 1986-06-03

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0378252A2 true EP0378252A2 (en) 1990-07-18
EP0378252A3 EP0378252A3 (en) 1990-08-22
EP0378252B1 EP0378252B1 (en) 1994-04-13

Family

ID=3518562

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90105421A Expired - Lifetime EP0378252B1 (en) 1985-06-03 1986-06-03 Tool for manufacturing construction elements
EP86890162A Expired - Lifetime EP0211821B1 (en) 1985-06-03 1986-06-03 Manufacture process of construction elements, their reinforcing and means for their assembling

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86890162A Expired - Lifetime EP0211821B1 (en) 1985-06-03 1986-06-03 Manufacture process of construction elements, their reinforcing and means for their assembling

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4831801A (en)
EP (2) EP0378252B1 (en)
AT (2) ATE57413T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3674857D1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988001329A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0645506A1 (en) * 1993-09-23 1995-03-29 Ulrich Mölle Method of constructing a building-façade
WO1997043226A1 (en) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-20 Markus Stracke Facade panel or structural element for facades

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5832679A (en) * 1996-12-10 1998-11-10 Roth; Steven A. Apparatus for bracing a structural component against sway and seismic disturbances
US6827570B2 (en) * 2000-06-29 2004-12-07 Amazon Forms One, Inc. Method and apparatus for manufacture of unitary lightweight concrete composite blocks
US6974317B2 (en) * 2001-06-22 2005-12-13 Amazon Forms One, Inc. Lightweight concrete composite blocks
US7988123B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2011-08-02 Lacuna Inc. Compactable mold for forming building blocks

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US1877269A (en) * 1929-01-17 1932-09-13 Charles A Colgren Stone milling machine
DE1427779A1 (en) * 1961-09-14 1968-12-12 Ytong Internat Ab Process for processing the surface of prismatic bodies and device for carrying out the process
DE1801337A1 (en) * 1968-10-04 1970-09-17 Bockey Johannes Device for processing prismatic bodies, in particular shaped stones made of aerated concrete

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Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR406507A (en) * 1900-01-01
US1877269A (en) * 1929-01-17 1932-09-13 Charles A Colgren Stone milling machine
FR708830A (en) * 1931-01-05 1931-07-29 Rotary safety tool holder, at high speed, with instantaneous locking, cannot be released during operation, intended for all machine tools using blades or cutters
DE1427779A1 (en) * 1961-09-14 1968-12-12 Ytong Internat Ab Process for processing the surface of prismatic bodies and device for carrying out the process
DE1801337A1 (en) * 1968-10-04 1970-09-17 Bockey Johannes Device for processing prismatic bodies, in particular shaped stones made of aerated concrete

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0645506A1 (en) * 1993-09-23 1995-03-29 Ulrich Mölle Method of constructing a building-façade
WO1997043226A1 (en) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-20 Markus Stracke Facade panel or structural element for facades

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3689794D1 (en) 1994-05-19
EP0378252A3 (en) 1990-08-22
US4831801A (en) 1989-05-23
EP0378252B1 (en) 1994-04-13
DE3674857D1 (en) 1990-11-15
ATE57413T1 (en) 1990-10-15
ATE104203T1 (en) 1994-04-15
EP0211821B1 (en) 1990-10-10
WO1988001329A1 (en) 1988-02-25
EP0211821A1 (en) 1987-02-25

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