EP0370092B1 - Shovel stretcher for transporting an injured person - Google Patents

Shovel stretcher for transporting an injured person Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0370092B1
EP0370092B1 EP89905608A EP89905608A EP0370092B1 EP 0370092 B1 EP0370092 B1 EP 0370092B1 EP 89905608 A EP89905608 A EP 89905608A EP 89905608 A EP89905608 A EP 89905608A EP 0370092 B1 EP0370092 B1 EP 0370092B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
stretcher
support elements
longerons
stretcher according
injured person
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EP89905608A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0370092A1 (en
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Hans Fickler
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Individual
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Priority to AT89905608T priority Critical patent/ATE84203T1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G1/00—Stretchers
    • A61G1/003—Stretchers with facilities for picking up patients or disabled persons, e.g. break-away type or using endless belts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a scoop stretcher for the transport of an injured person.
  • stretchers There are basically two types of stretchers.
  • the first type are fixed, possibly collapsible stretchers, in which the injured person has to be lifted and placed on the stretcher.
  • the so-called "scoop stretchers” supporting elements are attached to the longitudinal spars, which are pushed like a row of scoops under the injured person without the person having to be lifted.
  • stretchers are very useful for people who have suffered a backbone injury.
  • awkward lifting of the patient can have disastrous consequences. This applies not only to the transport from the accident site to the hospital, but also to the treatment in the hospital itself.
  • a first X-ray examination is usually done here, while the injured person is still lying on the stretcher on which he was admitted to the hospital.
  • Lateral x-rays are not possible because the metal parts and especially the stretcher bars are made of metal.
  • FR-A-481'154 already discloses a stretcher with a tubular frame that can be divided lengthways. The support elements were realized in the form of bands that are stretched between the two longitudinal spars.
  • a scoop stretcher common today is published by WO88 / 00461. It consists of a longitudinally divisible frame with articulated support elements arranged on one side on the spars, which can optionally also be made of plastic, with the result that X-ray transmission can be achieved. This is also mentioned in FR-A-1'319'338, in which a longitudinally divisible stretcher made of metal tubes shows supporting elements that can be clamped on.
  • the invention has set itself the task of creating a scoop stretcher that allows X-rays both vertically and laterally to the position of use of the stretcher and transfers the forces on the support elements to the bars without risk of destruction. This is a great relief for the patient, for the staff and for the X-ray doctor and reduces the risk for the patient.
  • the invention solves the problem with a stretcher having the features of claim 1.
  • the X-ray transparent materials from which the spars are made are preferably plastic tubes with cross-wound fibers. Such materials are extremely rigid and unbreakable, but sensitive to the notch effect and splitting forces.
  • the known fastening methods of the movable support elements on the bars cannot therefore be realized.
  • the longitudinally divisible scoop stretcher shown in FIG. 1 is metal-free over the distance X, so that lateral X-ray images of a patient lying thereon are possible. Only the end parts at the head and foot end are made of metal.
  • the two spars 1 consist of fiber-reinforced plastic tubes. It is important that the fiber reinforcement be made crosswise coiled layers exists because the pipes have to be rigid and have to transmit torsional forces to the end parts.
  • the spars 1 are connected by means of metallic clamping sleeves 2 to the end parts, which are still pinned for safety.
  • the end parts consist of right-angled bent light metal tubes 3, which are connected at one end by the sleeves 2 to the spars 1 and carry coupling parts 31, 32 at the other end.
  • Coupling part 31 has a flattening 33 with a bore.
  • the other coupling part 32 is provided with a deep groove 34, the flanks of which also have a bore.
  • a pin with head 35 inserted through the bores then holds the two stretcher halves together rigidly in the direction of the load (perpendicular to the plane of the drawing).
  • one of the clamping sleeves 2 is shown by broken lines.
  • FIG. 1 shows a stretcher with support elements 4 fixedly attached to the bars.
  • Two widened support elements 40 for the patient's head are arranged at the head end.
  • Plastic or wood eg ash wood
  • Figures 2 and 3 show a pivotable support elements 4 '.
  • the support element is pivotable about the spar 1. For this reason, a holding block 42 is fastened on the spar 1 and is pinned to the spar by means of three pins 45.
  • Two spring-loaded locking pins 5 hold the support element 4 'in its rest position.
  • the actuating rods 51 for the pin 5 have a smaller diameter than this and therefore weaken the spar less.
  • the holding elements 4 'itself is provided with a recess 43 so that the two lateral parts 44 encompass the holding block 42 and can be pivoted like a hinge around the spar 1.
  • This special embodiment had to be chosen so that the locking pins 5 are further away from the pivot axis (center of the spar 1), as a result of which the shear force on the pins 5 is reduced.
  • the shear force can reach high values, namely when a patient lying on the stretcher sits up, his full weight resting on only two opposite support elements!
  • the shear force in the bolts 5 reach high values, but also the material load, both in the block 42 and in the support element, becomes high.
  • these are not metal parts, but plastic parts or wooden parts, more than just a bolt must be provided so that sufficient security is achieved!

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)

Abstract

A shovel stretcher comprises novel materials in the region X (parts 1 and 4) which are permeable to X-rays. Only the end parts (2, 3) and the joining elements (31-35) are made of metal. The advantage is that both vertical and lateral X-rays can be taken of an injured person lying on the stretcher. This is particularly advantageous in the case of injuries to the spine.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaufelbahre gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 für den Transport einer verletzten Person. Prinzipiell gibt es zwei Arten von Bahren. Die erste Art sind feste, gegebenenfalls zusammenlegbare Bahren, bei der die verletzte Person angehoben und auf die Bahre gelegt werden muss. Bei der zweiten Art, den längsgeteilten sogenannten "Schaufelbahren", sind an den Längsholmen Stützelemente befestigt, die wie eine Reihe von Schaufeln unter die verletzte Person geschoben werden, ohne dass diese dazu angehoben zu werden braucht.The invention relates to a scoop stretcher for the transport of an injured person. There are basically two types of stretchers. The first type are fixed, possibly collapsible stretchers, in which the injured person has to be lifted and placed on the stretcher. In the second type, the so-called "scoop stretchers", supporting elements are attached to the longitudinal spars, which are pushed like a row of scoops under the injured person without the person having to be lifted.

Solche Schaufelbahren sind sehr nützlich bei Personen, die eine Rückgratverletzung erlitten haben. Hier kann nämlich ein ungeschicktes Heben des Patienten tragische Folgen haben. Dies gilt nicht nur für den Transport von der Unfallstelle zum Spital, sondern auch für die Behandlung im Spital selbst. Hier wird meist eine erste Röntgenuntersuchung gemacht, während die verletzte Person noch auf der Bahre liegt, auf der sie ins Spital eingeliefert wurde. Bei Schaufelbahren heutiger Machart können nur Aufnahmen senkrecht zur Auflagefläche der Bahre gemacht werden. Seitliche Röntgenaufnahmen sind nicht möglich, weil die Metallteile und insbesondere die Holme der Bahre aus Metall bestehen.
Schon aus der FR-A-481'154 ist eine Bahre mit längsteilbaren Rohrrahmen bekannt. Die Stützelemente wurden in der Form von Bändern, die zwischen den beiden Längsholmen gespannt sind, realisiert.
Ein Vorläufer der heute bekannten Schaufelbahre zeigt die US-A-2'391'928. Zwar geht man hier von einem starren, nicht teilbaren Rohrrahmen aus, doch sind die zangenartigen Stützelemente, die einseitig in einem Längsholmen befestigt sind, im Holm selber gleitend gelagert, wodurch die Aufnahme des Patienten ermöglicht wurde, ohne diesen vom Boden aufheben zu müssen. Die Stützelemente, die wie die Holmen aus Kunststoff oder Holz gefertigt sein können, durchqueren die Holmen und üben unter Belastung somit eine starke Spaltwirkung auf die Holmen aus.Such stretchers are very useful for people who have suffered a backbone injury. Here, awkward lifting of the patient can have tragic consequences. This applies not only to the transport from the accident site to the hospital, but also to the treatment in the hospital itself. A first X-ray examination is usually done here, while the injured person is still lying on the stretcher on which he was admitted to the hospital. With today's bucket stretchers you can only take pictures perpendicular to the surface of the stretcher. Lateral x-rays are not possible because the metal parts and especially the stretcher bars are made of metal.
FR-A-481'154 already discloses a stretcher with a tubular frame that can be divided lengthways. The support elements were realized in the form of bands that are stretched between the two longitudinal spars.
A forerunner of the scoop stretcher known today shows US-A-2,391,928. Although one assumes a rigid, indivisible tubular frame, the forceps-like support elements, which are fastened on one side in a longitudinal spar, are slidably mounted in the spar itself, which enables the patient to be accommodated without having to lift the patient from the floor. The support elements, which like the spars can be made of plastic or wood, pass through the spars and thus exert a strong splitting effect on the spars under load.

Eine heute übliche Schaufelbahre ist durch die WO88/00461 veröffentlicht. Sie besteht aus einem längsteilbaren Rahmen mit gelenkig, einseitig an den Holmen angeordneten Stützelementen, die gegebenenfalls auch aus Kunststoff sein können, womit eine Röntgenstrahlendurchlässigkeit erzielbar ist. Dies erwähnt auch die FR-A-1'319'338, in der eine längsteilbare Bahre aus Metallrohre mit darauf aufklemmbaren Stützelemente zeigt.A scoop stretcher common today is published by WO88 / 00461. It consists of a longitudinally divisible frame with articulated support elements arranged on one side on the spars, which can optionally also be made of plastic, with the result that X-ray transmission can be achieved. This is also mentioned in FR-A-1'319'338, in which a longitudinally divisible stretcher made of metal tubes shows supporting elements that can be clamped on.

Alle bekannten Lösungen gehen somit von einem Rohrrahmen aus, bei der die Stützelemente in ihrer Gesamtheit an den Holmen beweglich gehalten sind. Somit liessen sich keine seitliche Röntgenaufnahmen von Patienten auf der Bahre erstellen, doch würde eine derartige Konstruktion den auftretenden Kräfte kaum standhalten.
Dass ein Bedürfnis für Röntgenaufnahmen, von einem auf einer Bahre liegenden Person besteht, ist unbestritten. So beschreibt, beispielsweise die EU-A-0'110'851 eine Bahre, an der zu diesem Zweck nachträglich Stützelemente aus Kunststoff angebracht werden können. Trotzdem erfüllt sie auch dann noch nicht die oben erwähnten Anforderungen, weil sie keine seitliche Röntgenaufnahmen vom Patienten auf der Bahre erlaubt.All known solutions are therefore based on a tubular frame in which the support elements are held in their entirety on the spars. This meant that lateral x-rays of patients on the stretcher could not be taken, but such a construction would hardly be able to withstand the forces that occur.
There is no dispute that there is a need for X-rays from a person lying on a stretcher. For example, EU-A-0'110'851 describes a stretcher to which plastic support elements can subsequently be attached for this purpose. Nevertheless, it still does not meet the requirements mentioned above because it does not allow lateral x-rays of the patient on the stretcher.

Die Erfindung hat sich zur Aufgabe gestellt, eine Schaufelbahre zu schaffen, die Röntgenaufnahmen sowohl senkrecht, wie seitlich zur Benutzungslage der Bahre ermöglicht und die Kräfte auf den Stützelementen ohne Zerstörungsgefahr auf die Holme überleitet. Dies bedeutet für den Patienten, für das Personal und für den Röntgenarzt eine grosse Erleichterung und verringert das Risiko für den Patienten.The invention has set itself the task of creating a scoop stretcher that allows X-rays both vertically and laterally to the position of use of the stretcher and transfers the forces on the support elements to the bars without risk of destruction. This is a great relief for the patient, for the staff and for the X-ray doctor and reduces the risk for the patient.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe mit einer Bahre, die die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 aufweist.
Bei den röntgenstrahlen-durchlässigen Materialien, aus denen die Holme bestehen, handelt es sich vorzugsweise um Kunststoffrohre mit kreuzweise gewickelten Fasern. Solche Materialien sind zwar äusserst biegesteif und bruchfest, doch empfindlich auf Kerbwirkung und Spaltkräfte. Die bekannten Befestigungsmethoden der beweglichen Stützelemente an den Holmen lässt sich daher nicht realsieren.The invention solves the problem with a stretcher having the features of claim 1.
The X-ray transparent materials from which the spars are made are preferably plastic tubes with cross-wound fibers. Such materials are extremely rigid and unbreakable, but sensitive to the notch effect and splitting forces. The known fastening methods of the movable support elements on the bars cannot therefore be realized.

In der beigefügten Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Erfindungsgegenstandes dargestellt und zwar in:

  • Figur 1 eine Ansicht einer Schaufelbahre in Ansicht von oben; in
  • Figur 2 einen Schnitt wie bei Figur 1, jedoch durch ein teilweise wegschwenkbares Stützelement und in
  • Figur 3 eine Draufsicht auf das Stützelement nach Figur 2, teilweise im Schnitt.
In the accompanying drawing, an embodiment of the subject of the invention is shown, namely in:
  • Figure 1 is a top view of a scoop stretcher; in
  • Figure 2 shows a section as in Figure 1, but through a partially pivotable support member and in
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the support element of Figure 2, partially in section.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellte, längsteilbare Schaufelbahre ist über die Strecke X metallfrei ausgebildet, so dass seitliche Röntgenaufnahmen eines darauf liegenden Patienten möglich sind. Lediglich die Endteile am Kopf- und Fussende sind aus Metall hergestellt.
Die beiden Holme 1 bestehen aus faserverstärkten Kunststoffrohren. Es ist wichtig, dass die Faserverstärkung aus kreuzweise gewickelten Lagen besteht, weil die Rohre biegesteif sein müssen und Torsionskräfte auf die Endteile übertragen müssen.
Die Holme 1 sind mittels metallischen Klemmmuffen 2 mit den Endteilen verbunden, die zur Sicherheit noch verstiftet sind. Die Endteile bestehen aus rechtwinkligen gebogenen Leichtmetallrohren 3, die einerends durch die Muffen 2 mit den Holmen 1 verbunden sind und am anderen Ende Kupplungsteile 31,32 tragen. Diese Kupplungsteile erlauben, die für die Wirkungsweise der Schaufelbahre wichtige Längstrennung und gestatten, ein bequemes, aber in Richtung der Belastung, starres Verbinden der beiden Hälften der Bahre. Kupplungsteil 31 weist eine Abplattung 33 mit einer Bohrung auf. Der andere Kupplungsteil 32 ist mit einer tiefen Nut 34 versehen, deren Flanken ebenfalls eine Bohrung aufweisen. Beim zusammenfügen beider Hälften der Bahre lassen sich die Kupplungsteile leicht zusammenschieben, wobei die Abplattung 33 in die Nut 34 gleitet. Ein durch die Bohrungen gesteckter Stift mit Kopf 35 hält dann die beiden Bahrenhälften in Richtung der Belastung (senkrecht zur Zeichnungsebene) biegesteif zusammen. In Figur 2 ist eine der Klemmmuffen 2 durch unterbrochene Linien dargestellt.
Die schwenkbare, aber komplizierte Anordnung der Stützelemente hat den Vorteil, dass, der auf der Bahre liegende Patient durch nach unten schwenken einiger Stützelementteile an seiner Unterseite (Rücken-Gesäss) gewaschen, desinfiziert und eventuell gar operiert werden kann, immer ohne ihn von der Bahre abheben zu müssen.
Figur 1 zeigt eine Bahre mit fest an den Holmen befestigten Stützelementen 4. Am Kopfende sind zwei verbreiterte Stützelemente 40 für den Kopf des Patienten angeordnet.
Als Material für die Stützelemente kommt Kunststoff oder Holz (z.B. Eschenholz) in Frage.
Die Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen ein nach unten schwenkbares Stützelemente 4′. Das Stützelement ist um den Holm 1 schwenkbar. Aus diesem Grund ist auf dem Holm 1 ein Halteklotz 42 befestigt, der mittels drei Stiften 45 mit dem Holm verstiftet ist. Zwei federbelastete Arretierungszapfen 5 halten das Stützelement 4′ in seiner Ruhelage. Die Betätigungsstangen 51 für die Zapfen 5 haben einen kleineren Durchmesser als diese und schwächen daher den Holm weniger. Aussen am Halteklotz 42 befindet sich ein Griff 52, mit dem beide Zapfen 5 gleichzeitig gegen die Kraft der Federn 53 aus dem Stützelement 4′ herausgezogen werden können, so dass das Halteelement 4′ nach unten weggeklappt werden kann. Das Haltelemente 4′ selber ist mit einer Ausnehmung 43 versehen, so dass die beiden seitlichen Teile 44 den Halteklotz 42 umgreifen und scharnierartig um den Holm 1 schwenkbar sind. Dies spezielle Ausführungsart musste gewählt werden, damit die Arretierungszapfen 5 weiter von der Schwenkachse (Mitte des Holmes 1) entfernt sind, wodurch die Scherkraft auf die Zapfen 5 geringer wird. Die Scherkraft kann nämlich unter Umständen hohe Werte erreichen, nämlich dann, wenn ein auf der Bahre liegender Patient sich aufsetzt, wobei sein volles Gewicht auf nur zwei einander gegenüberliegenden Stützelementen ruht!
Nicht nur erreicht dabei die Scherkraft in den Bolzen 5 hohe Werte, auch die Materialbelastung, sowohl im Klotz 42, wie im Stützelement wird gross. Da es sich dabei aber nicht um Metallteile, sondern um Kunststoffteile oder Holzteile handelt, müssen mehr als nur ein Bolzen vorgesehen werden, damit eine ausreichende Sicherheit erreicht wird!The longitudinally divisible scoop stretcher shown in FIG. 1 is metal-free over the distance X, so that lateral X-ray images of a patient lying thereon are possible. Only the end parts at the head and foot end are made of metal.
The two spars 1 consist of fiber-reinforced plastic tubes. It is important that the fiber reinforcement be made crosswise coiled layers exists because the pipes have to be rigid and have to transmit torsional forces to the end parts.
The spars 1 are connected by means of metallic clamping sleeves 2 to the end parts, which are still pinned for safety. The end parts consist of right-angled bent light metal tubes 3, which are connected at one end by the sleeves 2 to the spars 1 and carry coupling parts 31, 32 at the other end. These coupling parts allow the longitudinal separation important for the operation of the scoop stretcher and allow a comfortable but rigid connection of the two halves of the stretcher in the direction of the load. Coupling part 31 has a flattening 33 with a bore. The other coupling part 32 is provided with a deep groove 34, the flanks of which also have a bore. When the two halves of the stretcher are joined together, the coupling parts can easily be pushed together, the flattening 33 sliding into the groove 34. A pin with head 35 inserted through the bores then holds the two stretcher halves together rigidly in the direction of the load (perpendicular to the plane of the drawing). In Figure 2, one of the clamping sleeves 2 is shown by broken lines.
The pivotable but complicated arrangement of the support elements has the advantage that the patient lying on the stretcher can be washed, disinfected and possibly by swiveling some support element parts down on his underside (back buttocks) can even be operated on, always without having to lift him off the stretcher.
FIG. 1 shows a stretcher with support elements 4 fixedly attached to the bars. Two widened support elements 40 for the patient's head are arranged at the head end.
Plastic or wood (eg ash wood) can be used as the material for the support elements.
Figures 2 and 3 show a pivotable support elements 4 '. The support element is pivotable about the spar 1. For this reason, a holding block 42 is fastened on the spar 1 and is pinned to the spar by means of three pins 45. Two spring-loaded locking pins 5 hold the support element 4 'in its rest position. The actuating rods 51 for the pin 5 have a smaller diameter than this and therefore weaken the spar less. On the outside of the holding block 42 there is a handle 52 with which both pins 5 can be pulled out simultaneously from the supporting element 4 'against the force of the springs 53, so that the holding element 4' can be folded downwards. The holding elements 4 'itself is provided with a recess 43 so that the two lateral parts 44 encompass the holding block 42 and can be pivoted like a hinge around the spar 1. This special embodiment had to be chosen so that the locking pins 5 are further away from the pivot axis (center of the spar 1), as a result of which the shear force on the pins 5 is reduced. Under certain circumstances, the shear force can reach high values, namely when a patient lying on the stretcher sits up, his full weight resting on only two opposite support elements!
Not only does the shear force in the bolts 5 reach high values, but also the material load, both in the block 42 and in the support element, becomes high. However, since these are not metal parts, but plastic parts or wooden parts, more than just a bolt must be provided so that sufficient security is achieved!

Claims (5)

  1. Stretcher for transporting an injured person, with a rectangular, longitudinally separable tubular frame, the length and breadth of which correspond approximately to the dimensions of the human body, support elements (4) made exclusively of non-metallic material permeable to X-rays being attached on one side to at least the middle sections of the longerons (1) of the frame, and the longerons likewise consisting of a non-metallic X-ray permeable material, characterised in that the support elements (4) are releasably connected to a holding block (42) fixed to a longeron (1) and are rotatable about the longerons, the holding block extending in each case in the plane of the locked support element to which it is connectable.
  2. Stretcher according to Claim 1, characterised in that each longeron (1) consists of a plastic tube reinforced with crosswise-wound fibres.
  3. Stretcher according to Claims 1 and 2, characterised in that the foot and head ends (3;31-35) are made of metal and are connected to the ends of the longerons (1) by pinned tapered sockets (2).
  4. Stretcher according to Claim 1, characterised in that the support elements (4,4′) are made of wood.
  5. Stretcher according to Claim 1, characterised in that the support elements (4,4′) are made of plastic.
EP89905608A 1988-05-27 1989-05-24 Shovel stretcher for transporting an injured person Expired - Lifetime EP0370092B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89905608T ATE84203T1 (en) 1988-05-27 1989-05-24 SHOVEL STRETCHER FOR TRANSPORTING AN INJURED PERSON.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH2009/88 1988-05-27
CH2009/88A CH675830A5 (en) 1988-05-27 1988-05-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0370092A1 EP0370092A1 (en) 1990-05-30
EP0370092B1 true EP0370092B1 (en) 1993-01-07

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US (1) US5109555A (en)
EP (1) EP0370092B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02504354A (en)
AU (1) AU620416B2 (en)
CH (1) CH675830A5 (en)
HU (2) HU207437B (en)
WO (1) WO1989011263A1 (en)

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CH673942A5 (en) * 1986-07-24 1990-04-30 Hans Fickler

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105287113A (en) * 2015-11-06 2016-02-03 中国建筑设计院有限公司 Scoop stretcher which can be put into standard elevator

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HU893286D0 (en) 1990-05-28
WO1989011263A1 (en) 1989-11-30
JPH02504354A (en) 1990-12-13
AU3734089A (en) 1989-12-12
EP0370092A1 (en) 1990-05-30
US5109555A (en) 1992-05-05
HU207437B (en) 1993-04-28
AU620416B2 (en) 1992-02-20
CH675830A5 (en) 1990-11-15

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