EP0368729A1 - Vakuumdichtes Fenster für Mikrowellenröhre und Mikrowellenröhre mit einem solchen Fenster - Google Patents

Vakuumdichtes Fenster für Mikrowellenröhre und Mikrowellenröhre mit einem solchen Fenster Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0368729A1
EP0368729A1 EP89403033A EP89403033A EP0368729A1 EP 0368729 A1 EP0368729 A1 EP 0368729A1 EP 89403033 A EP89403033 A EP 89403033A EP 89403033 A EP89403033 A EP 89403033A EP 0368729 A1 EP0368729 A1 EP 0368729A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
window
enclosure
delay line
microwave
vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89403033A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Tikes
Joel Le Fur
Pierre Nugues
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0368729A1 publication Critical patent/EP0368729A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
    • H01J23/42—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit the interaction circuit being a helix or a helix-derived slow-wave structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sealed window for a traveling wave microwave tube.
  • This sealed window has the particularity of being integrated into the enclosure of the delay line and coaxial with the envelope of the delay line: the window according to the invention is in the form of a cylinder which, interposed between the delay line and at least one of the ends of the traveling wave tube (TOP), makes it possible to maintain the vacuum only in the minimum volume traversed by the electron beam.
  • TOP traveling wave tube
  • a TOP is a microwave device, tubular in shape, which includes at one end an electron gun, or source.
  • the electron beam suitably focused, crosses a delay line in which a metal helix is held centered by dielectric rods: at their exit from the delay line, the electrons are absorbed by a grounded collector.
  • a TOP is an amplifier for a microwave signal which is applied to a first end of the propeller for example by means of a coaxial line. By interaction with the electron beam, it brakes the electrons but is amplified, and collected on a second end of the propeller for example by means of a waveguide: there are therefore two external transmission circuits for a TOP.
  • traveling wave tubes are connected to external transmission circuits which include a window ensuring vacuum tightness of the tube.
  • “Vacuum” parts therefore comprise not only the traveling wave tube itself, but also the parts of the external transmission circuits up to their window, which is useless for the operation of the tube. These windows are subject to mechanical stress when they are connected to the user circuits. These stresses can be permanent and, at worst, cause leaks. Furthermore, these windows considerably increase the size of the traveling wave tube.
  • the windows are brought back to the level of the TOP itself, and the HF input and the HF output, that is to say the two external transmission circuits, are made through the window or windows, which are ceramic tubes, brazed on the delay line and on the casing of the barrel and / or of the collector, so that the part of the TOP which is maintained under vacuum is limited to a cylinder which goes from the barrel to the collector: there are no more annexed volumes, corresponding to the external circuits, which are under vacuum.
  • the energy is transmitted between the external circuits and the TOP propeller by means of antennas which radiate through the ceramic window (s) coaxial with the delay line: brazed on the ends of the propeller, these antennas are an integral part of windows.
  • the invention relates to a sealed window for microwave electronic tube comprising on the one hand a vacuum zone, constituted by an electron source, a so-called “delay line” focusing device and an electron collector, and on the other hand, at least one external transmission circuit by which a microwave signal interferes with the electron beam which crosses the delay line, which is of cylindrical shape,
  • this sealed window being characterized in that it is also of cylindrical shape, coaxial with the enclosure which envelops the delay line, and integrated into said enclosure by soldering, the window being made of a ceramic material transparent to microwave frequencies.
  • a power TOP can include: - a single window according to the invention if it has only one HF output per waveguide, - or two windows if it has two waveguides or a waveguide and a coaxial line of a volume such that it is preferable to isolate it by a window of the vacuum circuit.
  • the TOP has two windows according to the invention, and an HF input by coaxial line and an HF output by waveguide, without prejudice to the scope of the invention.
  • a traveling wave tube has a tubular central part, called delay line 1.
  • a source or gun 2 emits a beam of electrons, which are collected at the second end of the tube by a collector 3, grounded.
  • Delay line 1 itself includes a tube or enclosure 4, inside which a helix 5, a metallic spiral, is kept centered by dielectric rods 6. These parts are best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 which are an enlargement of the delay line 1.
  • the enclosure 4 supports, externally, a plurality of toroids 7 which center toric magnets not shown, and a plurality of pole pieces 8: the assembly serves to focus the electron beam emitted by the source 2.
  • a microwave signal is applied, on the source side, to a first end of the propeller 5 by means, for example of a coaxial line 9, called HF input.
  • Amplified signal is collected, on the collector side, on the second end of the propeller 5 by means of a waveguide 10, called the HF output, inside which a ridged piece 11 is brazed on the propeller 5 and serves as an antenna.
  • the HF input has an input window 12 and the HF output has an output window 13.
  • the problem solved by the invention relates to volumes 14 and 15 internal to the HF inputs and HF output: these volumes increase considerably - especially when there is a waveguide - the space in which the vacuum must be maintained.
  • the invention makes it possible to maintain under vacuum only the parts necessary for the operation of the traveling wave tube and also makes the incorporated windows unnecessary. external transmission circuits. It consists in integrating a microwave window into enclosure 4 of the delay line 1.
  • This window is very simple to produce: it is a hollow dielectric cylinder, brazed at one end onto enclosure 4 of the propeller and at the other end on the envelope of the source 2 or of the collector 3, as the case may be.
  • the vacuum is therefore limited to the space comprising the source 2, the interior of the enclosure 4 and the collector 3.
  • FIG. 8 shows the two ends of the delay line of a TOP provided with two windows.
  • FIG. 4 gives an external and axial view of one end of the delay line 1 - without its device 7 + 8 for focusing the electron beam -
  • the enclosure 4 is machined, on at least one end, to form a clearance 16 which will constitute the window housing.
  • an opening 17, which crosses the enclosure 4 over its entire thickness, will make it possible to reach the propeller 5 for contact with the external transmission circuit.
  • Figure 5 shows the section of Figure 4, but has been rotated 90 ° for convenience.
  • the antenna which makes it possible to radiate through the window is constituted by a metal blade 18, brazed at 19 on the end of the propeller 5, and connected at right angles to a metal cylinder 20 which adjusts and is brazed on the enclosure 4, in hallway 16. Good heard, the blade 18 penetrates to the propeller 5 through the opening 17.
  • the window itself is shown in FIG. 6. It is a hollow dielectric cylinder 21, each end of which is brazed to a flexible ring 22 and 23, metallic.
  • the material of the window is known per se, and can be chosen from those with which the Pill Box windows are made.
  • the length, along the axis, of the assembly of the ceramic cylinder 21 and of the two flexible rings 22 and 23 is greater than the length of the clearance 16 machined in the enclosure 4 of the delay line, so that at least part of the window extends the delay line: this allows the window to be brazed onto a source or collector sub-assembly.
  • the common internal diameter of the dielectric tube 21 and of the rings 22 and 23 corresponds to the external diameter of the cylinder 20, so that this sub-assembly is sealed at the base of the cylindrical clearance 16 of the enclosure 4.
  • the flexible member 23 not used is intended for connection either with the enclosure of the electron gun, if it is the HF input, or with the collector, if it is the HF output.
  • Figure 7 shows a simplified view of the assembly.
  • the outside diameter of the window 21 is slightly smaller than that of the enclosure 4 of the propeller 5, in order to avoid any friction when it is introduced into the focusing device.
  • metal dust could become embedded in the dielectric cylinder and permanently disturb the electrical performance of the assembly
  • FIG. 8 shows the two ends of a TOP delay line provided with two windows according to the invention.
  • the end of the source side (on the right in the figure) is provided with an HF input on coaxial line 24, and the end on the side of the collector (on the left in the figure) is provided with an HF output on waveguide 25.
  • the flexible rings 23, which in FIG. 7 were not yet used, are each brazed on a source or collector sub-assembly, 26 and 27, coaxial with delay line 1.
  • the vacuum parts are reduced to a minimum since they only concern all the elements intended for the beam: the electron gun (emission), the delay line (trajectory and interaction with the microwave wave) and the collector ( electron collection).
  • Vacuum is therefore easier to obtain and the risk of leakage is greatly reduced.
  • the external transmission circuits include a window, integrated in the case of a coaxial line, subjected to high stresses, hence the risk of leaks, when it is connected to the circuit bringing or collecting the microwave signal; these risks relate more particularly to the more fragile "coaxial" type windows. This drawback no longer exists with the window integrated into the delay line.
  • the sealed assembly “delay line and window” is completely independent, before the last soldering step, of the focusing device and the external transmission circuit with which it is associated, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 8 shows that, after assembly, the windows 21 have a diameter slightly smaller than that of the housing of the enclosure 4 of the delay line, so as to avoid any deterioration by possible metallic dust.
  • a microwave window according to the invention operates by antenna effect.
  • the metal blade 18 in the form of a square connecting one end of the propeller 5 to its enclosure, forms a loop 20 which, by radiation through the cylindrical window 21, receives the energy if it is the external circuit corresponding to the HF input, or transmits the energy if it is the external circuit corresponding to the HF input, or transmits the energy s' it is the external circuit of the HF output.
  • the two known causes of reflection or mismatch that is to say the junction between the propeller and the external circuit and the window, are according to the invention geometrically combined. There is therefore only one possible cause for reflection, hence better possible broadband performance.
  • Measurements were made in the 22-33 GHz frequency band, with a coaxial line as the external input circuit and a WR 34 guide as the external output circuit, on a TOP fitted with windows according to the invention.
  • the thickness of the cylindrical wall of the window 21 is 0.35 mm and the difference between the radius of the window and that of the enclosure of the propeller is 0.05 mm.
  • the electrical performances obtained correspond to a standing wave ratio of 1.3 maximum, in a frequency band of 15% compared to the selected central frequency.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
EP89403033A 1988-11-04 1989-11-03 Vakuumdichtes Fenster für Mikrowellenröhre und Mikrowellenröhre mit einem solchen Fenster Withdrawn EP0368729A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8814417A FR2638891A1 (fr) 1988-11-04 1988-11-04 Fenetre etanche pour tube electronique hyperfrequence et tube a ondes progressives comportant cette fenetre
FR8814417 1988-11-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0368729A1 true EP0368729A1 (de) 1990-05-16

Family

ID=9371580

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89403033A Withdrawn EP0368729A1 (de) 1988-11-04 1989-11-03 Vakuumdichtes Fenster für Mikrowellenröhre und Mikrowellenröhre mit einem solchen Fenster

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5004952A (de)
EP (1) EP0368729A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH02183939A (de)
FR (1) FR2638891A1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1251544A1 (de) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-23 Thales Mirkowellenverstärker-Elektronenröhre mit miniaturisierter Eingangssteckanordnung und Verfahren zur Herstellung

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2747228B1 (fr) * 1996-04-05 1998-07-17 Thomson Csf Ferrite a faibles pertes entre 1 mhz et 100 mhz et procede de realisation
US6407492B1 (en) 1997-01-02 2002-06-18 Advanced Electron Beams, Inc. Electron beam accelerator
US5962995A (en) * 1997-01-02 1999-10-05 Applied Advanced Technologies, Inc. Electron beam accelerator
US6545398B1 (en) * 1998-12-10 2003-04-08 Advanced Electron Beams, Inc. Electron accelerator having a wide electron beam that extends further out and is wider than the outer periphery of the device
FR2795559A1 (fr) * 1999-06-22 2000-12-29 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Module d'emission compact
FR2833749B1 (fr) * 2001-12-14 2004-04-02 Thales Sa Refroidissement d'un tube electronique
SG152091A1 (en) 2007-10-26 2009-05-29 Turbine Overhaul Services Pte Microwave filter and microwave brazing system thereof
CN103219210B (zh) * 2013-04-07 2016-08-17 成都国光电气股份有限公司 一种行波管耦合器
CN111128643B (zh) * 2018-10-31 2021-06-29 中国科学院电子学研究所 整体瓷式小型化行波管电子枪
CN114147357B (zh) * 2021-12-20 2023-12-01 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 用于行波管的输出窗及其制备方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2611102A (en) * 1948-11-13 1952-09-16 Sylvania Electric Prod Traveling wave tube
FR1075546A (fr) * 1952-03-09 1954-10-18 Telefunken Gmbh Dispositif pour le couplage d'une hélice à pas uniforme formant une ligne de retard
US2758244A (en) * 1952-06-02 1956-08-07 Rca Corp Electron beam tubes
US2824289A (en) * 1954-07-20 1958-02-18 Eitel Mccullough Inc Drift tube for klystron
US2867747A (en) * 1953-01-09 1959-01-06 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube
US4138625A (en) * 1976-07-26 1979-02-06 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Helix type travelling-wave tube amplifier

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2692351A (en) * 1949-12-31 1954-10-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron beam amplifier
US2785244A (en) * 1954-01-12 1957-03-12 Pollak Corp Joseph Overdrive governor switch
US2947907A (en) * 1958-12-31 1960-08-02 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Traveling wave tube
US3195006A (en) * 1960-04-08 1965-07-13 Varian Associates Travelling wave tube output coupling

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2611102A (en) * 1948-11-13 1952-09-16 Sylvania Electric Prod Traveling wave tube
FR1075546A (fr) * 1952-03-09 1954-10-18 Telefunken Gmbh Dispositif pour le couplage d'une hélice à pas uniforme formant une ligne de retard
US2758244A (en) * 1952-06-02 1956-08-07 Rca Corp Electron beam tubes
US2867747A (en) * 1953-01-09 1959-01-06 Eitel Mccullough Inc Electron tube
US2824289A (en) * 1954-07-20 1958-02-18 Eitel Mccullough Inc Drift tube for klystron
US4138625A (en) * 1976-07-26 1979-02-06 Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. Helix type travelling-wave tube amplifier

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1251544A1 (de) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-23 Thales Mirkowellenverstärker-Elektronenröhre mit miniaturisierter Eingangssteckanordnung und Verfahren zur Herstellung
FR2823906A1 (fr) * 2001-04-20 2002-10-25 Thomson Csf Tube electronique amplificateur hyperfrequence avec fiche d'entree miniature et procede de fabrication

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH02183939A (ja) 1990-07-18
FR2638891A1 (fr) 1990-05-11
US5004952A (en) 1991-04-02

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