EP0440530A1 - Hochfrequenzröhre mit mehreren Strahlen und koaxialem Ausgang - Google Patents

Hochfrequenzröhre mit mehreren Strahlen und koaxialem Ausgang Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0440530A1
EP0440530A1 EP91400170A EP91400170A EP0440530A1 EP 0440530 A1 EP0440530 A1 EP 0440530A1 EP 91400170 A EP91400170 A EP 91400170A EP 91400170 A EP91400170 A EP 91400170A EP 0440530 A1 EP0440530 A1 EP 0440530A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
transmission line
microwave tube
cavities
tube according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91400170A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Georges Mourier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Electron Devices SA
Original Assignee
Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Tubes Electroniques filed Critical Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Publication of EP0440530A1 publication Critical patent/EP0440530A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/027—Collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to multi-beam microwave tubes, with longitudinal interaction, such as multi-beam klystrons. It relates in particular to multibeam klystrons with coaxial output.
  • a multibeam klystron has N parallel longitudinal electron beams produced by one or more electron guns.
  • the fact of splitting a beam into several elementary beams has the advantage of reducing the space charge effects and of obtaining a tube with better efficiency. This also makes it possible to raise the current and the power of the tube or even to lower its operating voltage.
  • a classic monobeam klystron is built around an axis which is the axis of the electron beam.
  • a microwave wave to be amplified is introduced into the first cavity which is on the side of the barrel; it is the entry cavity.
  • the last cavity or outlet cavity is connected to an external use member, via a short transmission line.
  • the transmission line is generally arranged transversely to the axis of the tube. It receives the microwave wave after amplification.
  • the electron beam is collected in a collector coaxial with the axis of the tube. This collector is placed downstream of the outlet cavity.
  • a focusing device surrounds the cavities. It prevents the electron beam from diverging in the sliding tubes and cavities.
  • the focusing device can be common to all the tubes.
  • the major drawback of multibeam klystrons constituted by the union of several monobeam klystrons, is located at the output of the microwave energy.
  • the output cavity is connected to a transmission line.
  • the transmission line is generally lateral and can be placed transversely to the axis of the tube. This construction is then asymmetrical. The asymmetry in particular causes problems for focusing.
  • the focusing device cannot completely surround the outlet cavity connected to the lateral transmission line.
  • the magnetic field is then reduced at this location and this risks disturbing the trajectory of the electron beams passing through this cavity.
  • this application describes a multibeam klystron built around an axis.
  • This klystron mainly comprises a cannon producing several electron beams, successive cavities and a collector. Each cavity is crossed by all the beams.
  • the collector located downstream of the last cavity is coaxial with the axis of the tube.
  • the last cavity is coupled to a transmission line which surrounds the collector and which is coaxial with the latter.
  • This transmission line is, for example, a coaxial waveguide.
  • the coupling between the outlet cavity and the transmission line is made by at least one coupling hole.
  • This construction is symmetrical at the outlet but nevertheless has other drawbacks.
  • the collector is surrounded by the transmission line. Its diameter is limited and its possibilities to evacuate heat too. In addition, if it is desired to cool it by circulation of a liquid, the quantity of liquid which can circulate is limited. Consequently, this tube can only operate at moderate or peak peak powers.
  • the transmission line surrounding the collector has large dimensions. If the operating frequency is high, then the transmission line may be oversized. Several modes can then propagate in the transmission line and this is not desirable.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and proposes a multi-beam microwave tube constructed around a longitudinal axis, capable of working at high power and at high frequency.
  • This tube is connected to an external microwave circuit, for energy use via a transmission line, located in the extension of the axis of the tube.
  • the diameter of the transmission line is less than the inside diameter of the crown.
  • the transmission line can be a circular waveguide or a coaxial.
  • the orifice opens out between the inner conductor and the outer conductor of the coaxial.
  • a cavity groups together n adjacent secondary cavities, each electron beam passing through a secondary cavity.
  • each secondary cavity is coupled by at least one orifice to the transmission line.
  • All the orifices are distributed on a crown centered on the axis XX ′.
  • the secondary cavities can be either electrically isolated from each other, or coupled together.
  • the secondary cavities are compartmentalized and group together several elementary cavities coupled together.
  • each secondary cavity a single elementary cavity is crossed by an electron beam.
  • the secondary cavities belonging to the same cavity are identical and operate in their fundamental mode. They are excited in phase, with substantially a same amplitude.
  • the multibeam klystron represented in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a klystron with n electron beams 2, n is an integer greater than one. Here n is equal to six. These electron beams are each produced by an electron gun 1.
  • the electron beams 2 are longitudinal and parallel.
  • the klystron is built around an XX ′ axis of revolution.
  • the six electron guns 1 are distributed on a crown centered on the axis XX ′.
  • Each of the electron beams 2 passes through cavities 10,20,30,40 placed one after the other along the axis XX ′. Each cavity is crossed by all the beams 2. Two successive cavities are separated by sliding tubes 3. These sliding tubes 3 contribute to ensuring the seal between the interior and the exterior of the cavities.
  • the cavity 10 the closest to the electron guns 1 is the inlet cavity. It receives a microwave wave to be amplified which propagates in a transmission line 5. This is a waveguide transverse to the axis XX ′.
  • the last cavity 40 or output cavity is connected to a device intended to collect the microwave wave after amplification.
  • a focusing device (not shown) surrounds the cavities 10,20,30,40.
  • the invention relates to the arrangement of the output cavity, the collector and the device intended to collect the microwave wave after amplification.
  • the cavities 10, 20, 30, 40 have the form of hollow cylinders closed at their two ends by two walls 9, 11 placed opposite, transverse to the axis XX '.
  • Each electron beam 2 enters a cavity on the side of the wall 9 and leaves it on the side of the wall 11.
  • the wall 11 is a terminal wall.
  • the device intended to collect the microwave wave after amplification is produced by a transmission line 6.
  • This transmission line 6 extends in the extension of the axis XX ′.
  • This transmission line 6 is connected on one side to the klystron and on the other to a member of use not shown.
  • the transmission line 6 is preferably a circular waveguide or a coaxial.
  • a coaxial includes an inner conductor surrounded by an outer conductor.
  • the outer conductor is hollow.
  • the inner conductor can be full or hollow.
  • These two conductors are cylinders of revolution mounted coaxially.
  • the space between the two conductors can be filled with air, gas or vacuum.
  • the transmission line 6 of the klystron shown in Figures 1 and 2 is a circular waveguide. Its axis coincides with the XX ′ axis.
  • the waveguide 6 has one end 7 connected to the user member. It is its upper end. Its other end 8 is integral with the klystron. It is
  • the base 8 of the waveguide 6 is integral with the wall terminal 11 of the outlet cavity 40.
  • the connection between the waveguide 6 and the outlet cavity 40 must be sealed to prevent leakage of microwave energy to the outside of the tube.
  • the outlet cavity 40 comprises at least one coupling orifice 12 which passes through its end wall 11, and which opens inside the transmission line 6.
  • coupling orifices 12 have been shown as of electron beams 2 and they have been placed on a ring centered on the axis XX ′ so that they open out inside the waveguide 6.
  • the coupling holes 12 shown in Figure 2 are circular. They could have been oblong or of another shape.
  • Each bundle 2 passes right through the outlet cavity 40 and is collected in a collector 4.
  • This collector 4 surrounds the transmission line 6 and is coaxial with it.
  • the manifold 4 generally has the form of a hollow cylinder. It is metallic. It is secured at its base to the end wall 11 of the outlet cavity 40. Its upper end is closed, it can bear on the transmission line 6.
  • the manifold 4 is formed by a dome. The electron beams 2 penetrate inside the collector 4 and strike its outer wall. The surface of the latter will be large enough to allow efficient cooling. Since the collector is placed outside the transmission line 6, its maximum dimensions are not limited.
  • the straight section of the transmission line transmission 6 must be able to pass inside the crown defined by the electron beams 2.
  • the electron beams must not strike the line of transmission 6.
  • the diameter of the circular guide is less than the inside diameter of the crown. In addition, it is always advantageous to limit the dimensions of this cross section so as not to add unnecessary higher modes.
  • a watertight microwave window 15 before the connection with the member of use.
  • This window 15 is intended to maintain a high vacuum inside the tube while letting microwave waves pass to the member of use.
  • each coupling orifice 12 could be closed with a window.
  • the transmission line 6 is a circular waveguide, the latter will preferably operate in TM01 mode.
  • This TM01 mode is easily coupled to the cavity mode thanks to its axial symmetry.
  • the transmission line 6 is a coaxial, the latter will preferably operate in TEM mode. This mode is the most used.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a variant of the klystron of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the main difference of this klystron compared to the klystron of Figures 1 and 2 is located at the cavities 100,200,300,400.
  • each cavity 100,200,300,400 respectively groups n adjacent secondary cavities 101,201,301,401.
  • Each beam 2 passes through a succession of secondary cavities 101,201,301,401 and these secondary cavities belong to different cavities 100,200,300,400.
  • the cavities 100,200,300,400 have an annular shape and are centered on the axis XX ′.
  • a dead space 35 can be defined in the hollowed-out central part of the ring; this dead space is partially unused.
  • the cavities 100,200,300,400 are limited by two walls 39,41 placed opposite opposite the axis XX ′. The beams 2 penetrate into a cavity on the side of the wall 39 and exit from it on the side of the wall 41.
  • the secondary cavities 101,201,301,401 are obtained by means of radial walls 47 arranged inside the ring, for example.
  • Each secondary cavity 101,201,301,401 forms a ring sector.
  • the secondary cavities 101,201,301,401 belonging to the same cavity 100,200,300,400 will be electrically isolated from each other. They could also be coupled together by at least one orifice.
  • the cavities 100,200,300,400 could have had the same shape as that shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the secondary cavities 101,201,301,401 would have had the shape of a cylinder sector and there would have been no dead space.
  • the device intended to collect the microwave wave after amplification is produced by a transmission line 36.
  • a transmission line 36 In FIGS. 3 and 4 it is a coaxial comprising an outer conductor 44 and an inner conductor 43 concentric. Their axis coincides with the XX ′ axis.
  • the coaxial 36 has one end 37 connected to the user member (not shown). Its other end 38 or base is connected to the klystron.
  • the inner conductor 43 can extend the dead space 35. It can even be given substantially the same diameter to facilitate mounting of the klystron.
  • Each secondary cavity 401 comprises at least one coupling orifice 42 located on the end wall 41. This coupling orifice 42 opens into the coaxial 36 between the inner conductor 43 and the outer conductor 44.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a single orifice 42 per secondary cavity 401. These orifices 42 are arranged on a ring centered on the axis XX '.
  • the secondary cavities 101,201,301,401 belonging to the same cavity 100,200,300,400 are preferably identical and operate in their fundamental mode.
  • the transmission line 36 will operate optimally if the secondary cavities 401 are excited in phase and with the same amplitude. For this, the secondary cavities 101 are excited in phase with the same amplitude. This excitation in phase is transmitted in the other secondary cavities 201,301,401 step by step.
  • the secondary cavities 101,201,301,401 are compartmentalized and group together several elementary cavities coupled together by at least one coupling orifice. Only an elementary cavity is crossed by an electron beam.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross section of the secondary cavities 401 of a klystron according to the invention. It is now assumed that the secondary cavities 401 each have two elementary cavities 411,421 coupled together, by a coupling orifice 51. Only one of the elementary cavities is crossed by an electron beam 2. It is the cavity 411.
  • the coupling port 51 is arranged through a radial wall 52 separating the two elementary cavities 411,421.
  • the present invention is not limited to the examples described. Many variants are possible, in particular with regard to the shape of the cavities, the number and shape of the elementary and secondary cavities, the arrangement of the focusing device.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
EP91400170A 1990-02-02 1991-01-25 Hochfrequenzröhre mit mehreren Strahlen und koaxialem Ausgang Withdrawn EP0440530A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9001230 1990-02-02
FR9001230A FR2658001B1 (fr) 1990-02-02 1990-02-02 Tube hyperfrequence multifaisceau a sortie coaxiale.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0440530A1 true EP0440530A1 (de) 1991-08-07

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EP91400170A Withdrawn EP0440530A1 (de) 1990-02-02 1991-01-25 Hochfrequenzröhre mit mehreren Strahlen und koaxialem Ausgang

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US (1) US5239235A (de)
EP (1) EP0440530A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2951420B2 (de)
FR (1) FR2658001B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5698949A (en) * 1995-03-28 1997-12-16 Communications & Power Industries, Inc. Hollow beam electron tube having TM0x0 resonators, where X is greater than 1
FR2737340B1 (fr) * 1995-07-28 1997-08-22 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube electronique multifaisceau a couplage cavite/faisceau ameliore
US5932972A (en) * 1997-02-24 1999-08-03 Litton Systems, Inc. Electron gun for a multiple beam klystron
JP3214670B2 (ja) 1998-07-24 2001-10-02 日本電気株式会社 マイクロ波管用電子銃
GB2386246B (en) * 2001-11-01 2005-06-29 Marconi Applied Techn Ltd Electron beam tube apparatus
CN106997838B (zh) * 2017-04-18 2018-05-18 电子科技大学 一种采用同轴谐振腔及多电子注的毫米波扩展互作用器件

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB662567A (en) * 1949-04-21 1951-12-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
FR1423769A (fr) * 1964-10-28 1966-01-07 Thomson Varian Circuit d'interaction pour tube hyperfréquence du genre klystron et tube correspondant

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2408409A (en) * 1941-04-08 1946-10-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency electronic device
US2939028A (en) * 1957-11-13 1960-05-31 Gen Electric Electron gun for a cylindrical capacitor
US3107313A (en) * 1959-10-30 1963-10-15 Johann R Hechtel Velocity modulated electron tube with cathode means providing plural electron streams
US3114072A (en) * 1960-05-31 1963-12-10 Rca Corp Electrostatically focused traveling wave tubes
US3248593A (en) * 1962-02-16 1966-04-26 Gen Electric Multiple beam radio frequency apparatus having cooperating resonators and mode suppression means
FR2599554A1 (fr) * 1986-05-30 1987-12-04 Thomson Csf Klystron a faisceaux multiples fonctionnant au mode tm02

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB662567A (en) * 1949-04-21 1951-12-05 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to electron discharge devices
FR1423769A (fr) * 1964-10-28 1966-01-07 Thomson Varian Circuit d'interaction pour tube hyperfréquence du genre klystron et tube correspondant

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ELECTRONICS. vol. 35, no. 13, 30 mars 1962, NEW YORK US pages 72 - 74; "Multiple Beam Klystron For Superpower" *
INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING, 7-10/12/ 86, Los Angeles, CA (US); BRES et al., "Compact Multibeam Klystron"; pages 784-786 *
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS. vol. 109B, no. S.23, 1962, STEVENAGE GB pages 718 - 723; E. F. BELOHOUBEK: "Measurement of the shunt impedance of overcoupled klystron cavities" *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2658001A1 (fr) 1991-08-09
FR2658001B1 (fr) 1996-08-14
JP2951420B2 (ja) 1999-09-20
US5239235A (en) 1993-08-24
JPH04215233A (ja) 1992-08-06

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