EP0368729A1 - Vacuum-tight window for a microwave tube, and microwave tube with a window - Google Patents

Vacuum-tight window for a microwave tube, and microwave tube with a window Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0368729A1
EP0368729A1 EP89403033A EP89403033A EP0368729A1 EP 0368729 A1 EP0368729 A1 EP 0368729A1 EP 89403033 A EP89403033 A EP 89403033A EP 89403033 A EP89403033 A EP 89403033A EP 0368729 A1 EP0368729 A1 EP 0368729A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
window
enclosure
delay line
microwave
vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP89403033A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques Tikes
Joel Le Fur
Pierre Nugues
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Thales SA
Original Assignee
Thomson CSF SA
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Application filed by Thomson CSF SA filed Critical Thomson CSF SA
Publication of EP0368729A1 publication Critical patent/EP0368729A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy
    • H01J23/40—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit
    • H01J23/42—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy to or from the interaction circuit the interaction circuit being a helix or a helix-derived slow-wave structure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sealed window for a traveling wave microwave tube.
  • This sealed window has the particularity of being integrated into the enclosure of the delay line and coaxial with the envelope of the delay line: the window according to the invention is in the form of a cylinder which, interposed between the delay line and at least one of the ends of the traveling wave tube (TOP), makes it possible to maintain the vacuum only in the minimum volume traversed by the electron beam.
  • TOP traveling wave tube
  • a TOP is a microwave device, tubular in shape, which includes at one end an electron gun, or source.
  • the electron beam suitably focused, crosses a delay line in which a metal helix is held centered by dielectric rods: at their exit from the delay line, the electrons are absorbed by a grounded collector.
  • a TOP is an amplifier for a microwave signal which is applied to a first end of the propeller for example by means of a coaxial line. By interaction with the electron beam, it brakes the electrons but is amplified, and collected on a second end of the propeller for example by means of a waveguide: there are therefore two external transmission circuits for a TOP.
  • traveling wave tubes are connected to external transmission circuits which include a window ensuring vacuum tightness of the tube.
  • “Vacuum” parts therefore comprise not only the traveling wave tube itself, but also the parts of the external transmission circuits up to their window, which is useless for the operation of the tube. These windows are subject to mechanical stress when they are connected to the user circuits. These stresses can be permanent and, at worst, cause leaks. Furthermore, these windows considerably increase the size of the traveling wave tube.
  • the windows are brought back to the level of the TOP itself, and the HF input and the HF output, that is to say the two external transmission circuits, are made through the window or windows, which are ceramic tubes, brazed on the delay line and on the casing of the barrel and / or of the collector, so that the part of the TOP which is maintained under vacuum is limited to a cylinder which goes from the barrel to the collector: there are no more annexed volumes, corresponding to the external circuits, which are under vacuum.
  • the energy is transmitted between the external circuits and the TOP propeller by means of antennas which radiate through the ceramic window (s) coaxial with the delay line: brazed on the ends of the propeller, these antennas are an integral part of windows.
  • the invention relates to a sealed window for microwave electronic tube comprising on the one hand a vacuum zone, constituted by an electron source, a so-called “delay line” focusing device and an electron collector, and on the other hand, at least one external transmission circuit by which a microwave signal interferes with the electron beam which crosses the delay line, which is of cylindrical shape,
  • this sealed window being characterized in that it is also of cylindrical shape, coaxial with the enclosure which envelops the delay line, and integrated into said enclosure by soldering, the window being made of a ceramic material transparent to microwave frequencies.
  • a power TOP can include: - a single window according to the invention if it has only one HF output per waveguide, - or two windows if it has two waveguides or a waveguide and a coaxial line of a volume such that it is preferable to isolate it by a window of the vacuum circuit.
  • the TOP has two windows according to the invention, and an HF input by coaxial line and an HF output by waveguide, without prejudice to the scope of the invention.
  • a traveling wave tube has a tubular central part, called delay line 1.
  • a source or gun 2 emits a beam of electrons, which are collected at the second end of the tube by a collector 3, grounded.
  • Delay line 1 itself includes a tube or enclosure 4, inside which a helix 5, a metallic spiral, is kept centered by dielectric rods 6. These parts are best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 which are an enlargement of the delay line 1.
  • the enclosure 4 supports, externally, a plurality of toroids 7 which center toric magnets not shown, and a plurality of pole pieces 8: the assembly serves to focus the electron beam emitted by the source 2.
  • a microwave signal is applied, on the source side, to a first end of the propeller 5 by means, for example of a coaxial line 9, called HF input.
  • Amplified signal is collected, on the collector side, on the second end of the propeller 5 by means of a waveguide 10, called the HF output, inside which a ridged piece 11 is brazed on the propeller 5 and serves as an antenna.
  • the HF input has an input window 12 and the HF output has an output window 13.
  • the problem solved by the invention relates to volumes 14 and 15 internal to the HF inputs and HF output: these volumes increase considerably - especially when there is a waveguide - the space in which the vacuum must be maintained.
  • the invention makes it possible to maintain under vacuum only the parts necessary for the operation of the traveling wave tube and also makes the incorporated windows unnecessary. external transmission circuits. It consists in integrating a microwave window into enclosure 4 of the delay line 1.
  • This window is very simple to produce: it is a hollow dielectric cylinder, brazed at one end onto enclosure 4 of the propeller and at the other end on the envelope of the source 2 or of the collector 3, as the case may be.
  • the vacuum is therefore limited to the space comprising the source 2, the interior of the enclosure 4 and the collector 3.
  • FIG. 8 shows the two ends of the delay line of a TOP provided with two windows.
  • FIG. 4 gives an external and axial view of one end of the delay line 1 - without its device 7 + 8 for focusing the electron beam -
  • the enclosure 4 is machined, on at least one end, to form a clearance 16 which will constitute the window housing.
  • an opening 17, which crosses the enclosure 4 over its entire thickness, will make it possible to reach the propeller 5 for contact with the external transmission circuit.
  • Figure 5 shows the section of Figure 4, but has been rotated 90 ° for convenience.
  • the antenna which makes it possible to radiate through the window is constituted by a metal blade 18, brazed at 19 on the end of the propeller 5, and connected at right angles to a metal cylinder 20 which adjusts and is brazed on the enclosure 4, in hallway 16. Good heard, the blade 18 penetrates to the propeller 5 through the opening 17.
  • the window itself is shown in FIG. 6. It is a hollow dielectric cylinder 21, each end of which is brazed to a flexible ring 22 and 23, metallic.
  • the material of the window is known per se, and can be chosen from those with which the Pill Box windows are made.
  • the length, along the axis, of the assembly of the ceramic cylinder 21 and of the two flexible rings 22 and 23 is greater than the length of the clearance 16 machined in the enclosure 4 of the delay line, so that at least part of the window extends the delay line: this allows the window to be brazed onto a source or collector sub-assembly.
  • the common internal diameter of the dielectric tube 21 and of the rings 22 and 23 corresponds to the external diameter of the cylinder 20, so that this sub-assembly is sealed at the base of the cylindrical clearance 16 of the enclosure 4.
  • the flexible member 23 not used is intended for connection either with the enclosure of the electron gun, if it is the HF input, or with the collector, if it is the HF output.
  • Figure 7 shows a simplified view of the assembly.
  • the outside diameter of the window 21 is slightly smaller than that of the enclosure 4 of the propeller 5, in order to avoid any friction when it is introduced into the focusing device.
  • metal dust could become embedded in the dielectric cylinder and permanently disturb the electrical performance of the assembly
  • FIG. 8 shows the two ends of a TOP delay line provided with two windows according to the invention.
  • the end of the source side (on the right in the figure) is provided with an HF input on coaxial line 24, and the end on the side of the collector (on the left in the figure) is provided with an HF output on waveguide 25.
  • the flexible rings 23, which in FIG. 7 were not yet used, are each brazed on a source or collector sub-assembly, 26 and 27, coaxial with delay line 1.
  • the vacuum parts are reduced to a minimum since they only concern all the elements intended for the beam: the electron gun (emission), the delay line (trajectory and interaction with the microwave wave) and the collector ( electron collection).
  • Vacuum is therefore easier to obtain and the risk of leakage is greatly reduced.
  • the external transmission circuits include a window, integrated in the case of a coaxial line, subjected to high stresses, hence the risk of leaks, when it is connected to the circuit bringing or collecting the microwave signal; these risks relate more particularly to the more fragile "coaxial" type windows. This drawback no longer exists with the window integrated into the delay line.
  • the sealed assembly “delay line and window” is completely independent, before the last soldering step, of the focusing device and the external transmission circuit with which it is associated, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 8 shows that, after assembly, the windows 21 have a diameter slightly smaller than that of the housing of the enclosure 4 of the delay line, so as to avoid any deterioration by possible metallic dust.
  • a microwave window according to the invention operates by antenna effect.
  • the metal blade 18 in the form of a square connecting one end of the propeller 5 to its enclosure, forms a loop 20 which, by radiation through the cylindrical window 21, receives the energy if it is the external circuit corresponding to the HF input, or transmits the energy if it is the external circuit corresponding to the HF input, or transmits the energy s' it is the external circuit of the HF output.
  • the two known causes of reflection or mismatch that is to say the junction between the propeller and the external circuit and the window, are according to the invention geometrically combined. There is therefore only one possible cause for reflection, hence better possible broadband performance.
  • Measurements were made in the 22-33 GHz frequency band, with a coaxial line as the external input circuit and a WR 34 guide as the external output circuit, on a TOP fitted with windows according to the invention.
  • the thickness of the cylindrical wall of the window 21 is 0.35 mm and the difference between the radius of the window and that of the enclosure of the propeller is 0.05 mm.
  • the electrical performances obtained correspond to a standing wave ratio of 1.3 maximum, in a frequency band of 15% compared to the selected central frequency.

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  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to microwave tubes and more particularly travelling-wave tubes, in which the zone under vacuum is isolated from the external HF input/output circuits by vacuum-tight windows. <??>The window according to the invention consists of a ceramic cylinder (21) the two ends of which carry pliable metal rings (22, 23). This window is brazed onto the cylindrical enclosure (4) of the part under vacuum, by virtue of a clearance (16) machined into the enclosure (4), so that the enclosure (4) and the window (21) are integrated and coaxial. The HF transmission through the window (21) occurs by means of an antenna formed by a metal sheet (18) mounted squarely on a metal cylinder (20) fixed on the enclosure (4). <??>Application to microwave tubes of high power, and in particular to travelling-wave tubes. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne une fenêtre étanche pour tube hyperfréquence à ondes progressives . Cette fenêtre étanche a la particularité d'être intégrée à l'enceinte de la ligne à retard et coaxiale à l'enveloppe de la ligne à retard : la fenêtre selon l'invention se présente sous forme d'un cylindre qui, s'intercalant entre la ligne à retard et au moins l'une des extrémités du tube à ondes progressives (TOP), permet de n'entretenir le vide que dans le volume minimum, parcouru par le faisceau d'électrons.The present invention relates to a sealed window for a traveling wave microwave tube. This sealed window has the particularity of being integrated into the enclosure of the delay line and coaxial with the envelope of the delay line: the window according to the invention is in the form of a cylinder which, interposed between the delay line and at least one of the ends of the traveling wave tube (TOP), makes it possible to maintain the vacuum only in the minimum volume traversed by the electron beam.

Un TOP est un dispositif hyperfréquence, de forme tubulaire, qui comporte à une première extrémité un canon à électrons, ou source. Le faisceau d'électrons, convenablement focalisé, traverse une ligne à retard dans laquelle une hélice métallique est maintenue centrée par des bâtonnets diélectriques : à leur sortie de la ligne à retard, les électrons sont absorbés par un collecteur mis à la masse.A TOP is a microwave device, tubular in shape, which includes at one end an electron gun, or source. The electron beam, suitably focused, crosses a delay line in which a metal helix is held centered by dielectric rods: at their exit from the delay line, the electrons are absorbed by a grounded collector.

Un TOP est un amplificateur pour un signal hyperfréquence qui est appliqué sur une première extrémité de l'hélice par exemple au moyen d'une ligne coaxiale. Par interaction avec le faisceau d'électrons, il freine les électrons mais est amplifié, et recueilli sur une deuxième extrémité de l'hélice par exemple au moyen d'un guide d'ondes : il y a donc deux circuits externes de transmission pour un TOP.A TOP is an amplifier for a microwave signal which is applied to a first end of the propeller for example by means of a coaxial line. By interaction with the electron beam, it brakes the electrons but is amplified, and collected on a second end of the propeller for example by means of a waveguide: there are therefore two external transmission circuits for a TOP.

Dans l'art connu, les tubes à ondes progressives sont reliés à des circuits externes de transmission qui comportent une fenêtre assurant l'étanchéité au vide du tube.In the known art, traveling wave tubes are connected to external transmission circuits which include a window ensuring vacuum tightness of the tube.

Des parties "sous vide" comportent donc non seulement le tube à onde progressive lui-même, mais encore les parties des circuits externes de transmission jusqu'à leur fenêtre, ce qui est inutile pour le fonctionnement du tube. Ces fenêtres sont soumises à des contraintes mécaniques, lors de leur branchement avec les circuits d'utilisation. Ces contraintes peuvent être permanentes et au pire, occasionner des fuites. Par ailleurs, ces fenêtres augmentent considérablement l'encombrement du tube à onde progressive."Vacuum" parts therefore comprise not only the traveling wave tube itself, but also the parts of the external transmission circuits up to their window, which is useless for the operation of the tube. These windows are subject to mechanical stress when they are connected to the user circuits. These stresses can be permanent and, at worst, cause leaks. Furthermore, these windows considerably increase the size of the traveling wave tube.

Selon l'invention, les fenêtres sont ramenées au niveau du TOP lui-même, et l'entrée HF et la sortie HF, c'est-à-dire les deux circuits externes de transmission, se font à travers la ou les fenêtres, qui sont des tubes céramiques, brasés sur la ligne à retard et sur l'enveloppe du canon et/ou du collecteur, de sorte que la partie du TOP qui est maintenue sous vide est limitée à un cylindre qui va du canon vers le collecteur : il n'y a plus de volumes annexes, correspondant aux circuits externes, qui soient sous vide.According to the invention, the windows are brought back to the level of the TOP itself, and the HF input and the HF output, that is to say the two external transmission circuits, are made through the window or windows, which are ceramic tubes, brazed on the delay line and on the casing of the barrel and / or of the collector, so that the part of the TOP which is maintained under vacuum is limited to a cylinder which goes from the barrel to the collector: there are no more annexed volumes, corresponding to the external circuits, which are under vacuum.

La transmission de l'énergie entre les circuits externes et l'hélice du TOP se fait au moyen d'antennes qui rayonnent à travers la ou les fenêtres céramiques coaxiales avec la ligne à retard : brasées sur les extrémités de l'hélice, ces antennes font partie intégrante des fenêtres.The energy is transmitted between the external circuits and the TOP propeller by means of antennas which radiate through the ceramic window (s) coaxial with the delay line: brazed on the ends of the propeller, these antennas are an integral part of windows.

De façon plus précise, l'invention concerne une fenêtre étanche pour tube électronique hyperfréquence comportant d'une part une zone sous vide, constituée par une source d'électrons, un focalisateur dit "ligne à retard" et un collecteur d'électrons, et d'autre part, au moins un circuit externe de transmission par lequel un signal hyperfréquence interfère avec le faisceau d'électrons qui traverse la ligne à retard, qui est de forme cylindrique, cette fenêtre étanche étant caractérisée en ce qu'elle est également de forme cylindrique, coaxiale avec l'enceinte qui enveloppe la ligne à retard, et intégrée à ladite enceinte par brasure, la fenêtre étant en un matériau céramique transparent aux hyperfréquences.More specifically, the invention relates to a sealed window for microwave electronic tube comprising on the one hand a vacuum zone, constituted by an electron source, a so-called "delay line" focusing device and an electron collector, and on the other hand, at least one external transmission circuit by which a microwave signal interferes with the electron beam which crosses the delay line, which is of cylindrical shape, this sealed window being characterized in that it is also of cylindrical shape, coaxial with the enclosure which envelops the delay line, and integrated into said enclosure by soldering, the window being made of a ceramic material transparent to microwave frequencies.

L'invention sera mieux comprise par la description qui suit d'un exemple d'application à un TOP de forte puissance, cette description s'appuyant sur les figures jointes en annexe, qui représentent :

  • - figure 1 : vue en coupe d'un TOP selon l'art connu,
  • - figures 2 et 3 : vues en coupes longitudinale et transversale de la ligne à retard d'un TOP selon l'art connu,
  • - figures 4 et 5 vues en coupes longitudinale et transversale des modifications apportées à l'enceinte de l'hélice, selon l'invention,
  • - figure 6 : vue en coupe d'une fenêtre étanche selon l'invention,
  • - figure 7 : adaptation d'une fenêtre sur une extrémité d'enceinte d'hélice, selon l'invention,
  • - figure 8 : vue en coupe des extrémités de la ligne à retard d'un TOP selon l'invention.
The invention will be better understood from the following description of an example of application to a high power TOP, this description being based on the attached figures, which represent:
  • - Figure 1: sectional view of a TOP according to known art,
  • FIGS. 2 and 3: views in longitudinal and transverse sections of the delay line of a TOP according to known art,
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 views in longitudinal and transverse sections of the modifications made to the enclosure of the propeller, according to the invention,
  • FIG. 6: sectional view of a sealed window according to the invention,
  • FIG. 7: adaptation of a window on one end of a propeller enclosure, according to the invention,
  • - Figure 8: sectional view of the ends of the delay line of a TOP according to the invention.

Selon sa configuration - lignes coaxiales ou guides d'ondes - et la puissance mise en jeu, un TOP de puissance peut comporter :
- une seule fenêtre selon l'invention s'il ne comporte qu'une seule sortie HF par guide d'onde,
- ou deux fenêtres s'il comporte deux guides d'ondes ou un guide d'ondes et une ligne coaxiale d'un volume tel qu'il est préférable de l'isoler par une fenêtre du circuit sous vide.Depending on its configuration - coaxial lines or waveguides - and the power involved, a power TOP can include:
- a single window according to the invention if it has only one HF output per waveguide,
- or two windows if it has two waveguides or a waveguide and a coaxial line of a volume such that it is preferable to isolate it by a window of the vacuum circuit.

Toutefois, dans le but de simplifier l'exposé de l'invention, celle-ci sera détaillée en supposant que le TOP comporte deux fenêtres selon l'invention, et une entrée HF par ligne coaxiale et une sortie HF par guide d'ondes, sans préjudice de la portée de l'invention.However, in order to simplify the presentation of the invention, it will be detailed by assuming that the TOP has two windows according to the invention, and an HF input by coaxial line and an HF output by waveguide, without prejudice to the scope of the invention.

De même, l'invention sera mieux comprise après le rappel préliminaire de la structure d'un TOP classique, représenté en figure 1.Likewise, the invention will be better understood after the preliminary review of the structure of a conventional TOP, shown in FIG. 1.

Un tube à ondes progressives comporte une partie centrale tubulaire, dite ligne à retard 1.A traveling wave tube has a tubular central part, called delay line 1.

A une première extrémité de ce tube, une source ou canon 2 émet un faisceau d'électrons, qui sont recueillis à la seconde extrémité du tube par un collecteur 3, mis à la masse.At a first end of this tube, a source or gun 2 emits a beam of electrons, which are collected at the second end of the tube by a collector 3, grounded.

La ligne à retard 1 comprend elle-même un tube ou enceinte 4, à l'intérieur de laquelle une hélice 5, spirale métallique, est maintenue centrée par des bâtonnets diélectriques 6. Ces pièces se voient mieux sur les figures 2 et 3 qui sont un agrandissement de la ligne à retard 1.Delay line 1 itself includes a tube or enclosure 4, inside which a helix 5, a metallic spiral, is kept centered by dielectric rods 6. These parts are best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3 which are an enlargement of the delay line 1.

L'enceinte 4 supporte, extérieurement, une pluralité de tores 7 qui centrent des aimants toriques non représentés, et une pluralité de pièces polaires 8 : l'ensemble sert à focaliser le faisceau d'électrons émis par la source 2.The enclosure 4 supports, externally, a plurality of toroids 7 which center toric magnets not shown, and a plurality of pole pieces 8: the assembly serves to focus the electron beam emitted by the source 2.

Un signal hyperfréquence est appliqué, côté source, à une première extrémité de l'hélice 5 au moyen, par exemple d'une ligne coaxiale 9, dite entrée HF. De signal amplifié est recueilli, côté collecteur, sur la deuxième extrémité de l'hélice 5 au moyen d'un guide d'ondes 10, dit sortie HF, à l'intérieur duquel une pièce ridgée 11 est brasée sur l'hélice 5 et sert d'antenne. L'entrée HF comporte une fenêtre d'entrée 12 et la sortie HF comporte une fenêtre de sortie 13.A microwave signal is applied, on the source side, to a first end of the propeller 5 by means, for example of a coaxial line 9, called HF input. Amplified signal is collected, on the collector side, on the second end of the propeller 5 by means of a waveguide 10, called the HF output, inside which a ridged piece 11 is brazed on the propeller 5 and serves as an antenna. The HF input has an input window 12 and the HF output has an output window 13.

L'étanchéité au vide du tube est assurée par ces deux fenêtres hyperfréquences placées à l'extrémité des circuits externes de transmission. Ces fenêtres, bien connues de l'art antérieur, sont de type coaxial ou, par exemple, de type "Pill Box" suivant la nature des circuits externes auxquels elles sont associées.The vacuum tightness of the tube is ensured by these two microwave windows placed at the end of the external transmission circuits. These windows, well known in the prior art, are of the coaxial type or, for example, of the "Pill Box" type depending on the nature of the external circuits with which they are associated.

Il est connu que la fenêtre de type coaxial est particulièrement fragile et que la fenêtre de type "Pill-Box" est coûteuse. Les jonctions de la ligne à retard et des deux circuits externes de transmission ont fait l'objet de deux brevets français d'invention déposés au nom de THOMSON-CSF sous les numéros 8014351 et 8617879.It is known that the coaxial type window is particularly fragile and that the "Pill-Box" type window is expensive. The junctions of the delay line and the two external transmission circuits were the subject of two French invention patents registered in the name of THOMSON-CSF under the numbers 8014351 and 8617879.

Le problème résolu par l'invention est relatif aux volumes 14 et 15 internes aux entrées HF et sortie HF : ces volumes augmentent considérablement - surtout lorsqu'il y a guide d'ondes - l'espace dans lequel il faut maintenir le vide.The problem solved by the invention relates to volumes 14 and 15 internal to the HF inputs and HF output: these volumes increase considerably - especially when there is a waveguide - the space in which the vacuum must be maintained.

L'invention permet de maintenir sous vide uniquement les parties nécessaires au fonctionnement du tube à onde progressive et rend également inutiles les fenêtres incorporées aux circuits externes de transmission. Elle consiste à intégrer une fenêtre hyperfréquence à l'enceinte 4 de la ligne à retard 1. Cette fenêtre est de réalisation très simple : c'est un cylindre diélectrique creux, brasé à une extrémité sur l'enceinte 4 de l'hélice et à l'autre extrémité sur l'enveloppe de la source 2 ou du collecteur 3, selon le cas. Le vide est donc limité à l'espace comprenant la source 2, l'intérieur de l'enceinte 4 et le collecteur 3.The invention makes it possible to maintain under vacuum only the parts necessary for the operation of the traveling wave tube and also makes the incorporated windows unnecessary. external transmission circuits. It consists in integrating a microwave window into enclosure 4 of the delay line 1. This window is very simple to produce: it is a hollow dielectric cylinder, brazed at one end onto enclosure 4 of the propeller and at the other end on the envelope of the source 2 or of the collector 3, as the case may be. The vacuum is therefore limited to the space comprising the source 2, the interior of the enclosure 4 and the collector 3.

Il en résulte les avantages suivants :
- vide plus facile à obtenir, par suppression de volumes à vider,
- moins de risques de fuite,
- les contraintes mécaniques, inhérentes aux branchements avec les circuits d'utilisation, n'ont plus aucune action sur l'étanchéité du tube à onde progressive car elles ne se transmettent pas aux éléments de fermeture,
- réduction importante de l'encombrement.The following advantages result:
- vacuum easier to obtain, by deleting volumes to be emptied,
- less risk of leakage,
- the mechanical stresses inherent in connections with the circuits of use no longer have any effect on the sealing of the traveling wave tube because they do not transmit to the closure elements,
- significant reduction in overall dimensions.

Les détails de la fenêtre selon l'invention, donnés aux figures 4 à 7, faciliteront la compréhension de la figure 8 qui montre les deux extrémités de la ligne à retard d'un TOP munies de deux fenêtres.The details of the window according to the invention, given in FIGS. 4 to 7, will facilitate the understanding of FIG. 8 which shows the two ends of the delay line of a TOP provided with two windows.

La figure 4 donne une vue extérieure et axiale d'une extrémité de la ligne à retard 1 - sans son dispositif 7 + 8 de focalisation du faisceau d'électrons - L'enceinte 4 est usinée, sur au moins une extrémité, pour former un dégagement 16 qui constituera le logement de la fenêtre. De plus, une ouverture 17, qui traverse l'enceinte 4 sur toute son épaisseur, permettra d'atteindre l'hélice 5 pour le contact avec le circuit externe de transmission.FIG. 4 gives an external and axial view of one end of the delay line 1 - without its device 7 + 8 for focusing the electron beam - The enclosure 4 is machined, on at least one end, to form a clearance 16 which will constitute the window housing. In addition, an opening 17, which crosses the enclosure 4 over its entire thickness, will make it possible to reach the propeller 5 for contact with the external transmission circuit.

La figure 5 donne la coupe de la figure 4, mais a subi une rotation de 90° pour la commodité. L'antenne qui permet de rayonner à travers la fenêtre est constituée par une lame métallique 18, brasée en 19 sur l'extrémité de l'hélice 5, et raccordée en équerre à un cylindre métallique 20 qui s'ajuste et est brasé sur l'enceinte 4, dans le dégagement 16. Bien entendu, la lame 18 pénètre jusqu'à l'hélice 5 à travers l'ouverture 17.Figure 5 shows the section of Figure 4, but has been rotated 90 ° for convenience. The antenna which makes it possible to radiate through the window is constituted by a metal blade 18, brazed at 19 on the end of the propeller 5, and connected at right angles to a metal cylinder 20 which adjusts and is brazed on the enclosure 4, in hallway 16. Good heard, the blade 18 penetrates to the propeller 5 through the opening 17.

La fenêtre elle-même est représentée en figure 6. C'est un cylindre diélectrique creux 21, dont chaque extrémité est brasée sur une bague de souplesse 22 et 23, métallique. Le matériau constitutif de la fenêtre est en soi connu, et peut être choisi parmi ceux avec lesquels sont faites les fenêtres "Pill Box".The window itself is shown in FIG. 6. It is a hollow dielectric cylinder 21, each end of which is brazed to a flexible ring 22 and 23, metallic. The material of the window is known per se, and can be chosen from those with which the Pill Box windows are made.

La longueur, selon l'axe, de l'ensemble du cylindre céramique 21 et des deux bagues de souplesse 22 et 23 est supérieure à la longueur du dégagement 16 usiné dans l'enceinte 4 de la ligne à retard, de telle sorte qu'au moins une partie de la fenêtre prolonge la ligne à retard : ceci permet de braser la fenêtre sur un sous-ensemble source ou collecteur.The length, along the axis, of the assembly of the ceramic cylinder 21 and of the two flexible rings 22 and 23 is greater than the length of the clearance 16 machined in the enclosure 4 of the delay line, so that at least part of the window extends the delay line: this allows the window to be brazed onto a source or collector sub-assembly.

Le diamètre intérieur commun du tube diélectrique 21 et des bagues 22 et 23 correspond au diamètre extérieur du cylindre 20, de sorte que ce sous-ensemble est scellé à la base du dégagement 16 cylindrique de l'enceinte 4. L'organe de souplesse 23 non utilisé est destiné au raccordement soit avec l'enceinte du canon à électron, s'il s'agit de l'entrée HF, soit avec le collecteur, s'il s'agit de la sortie HF. La figure 7 représente une vue simplifiée de l'ensemble.The common internal diameter of the dielectric tube 21 and of the rings 22 and 23 corresponds to the external diameter of the cylinder 20, so that this sub-assembly is sealed at the base of the cylindrical clearance 16 of the enclosure 4. The flexible member 23 not used is intended for connection either with the enclosure of the electron gun, if it is the HF input, or with the collector, if it is the HF output. Figure 7 shows a simplified view of the assembly.

Par ailleurs, le diamètre extérieur de la fenêtre 21 est légèrement inférieur à celui de l'enceinte 4 de l'hélice 5, afin d'éviter tout frottement lorsqu'elle est introduite dans le focalisateur. En effet, des poussières de métal pourraient s'incruster dans le cylindre diélectrique et perturber définitivement les performances électriques de l'ensembleFurthermore, the outside diameter of the window 21 is slightly smaller than that of the enclosure 4 of the propeller 5, in order to avoid any friction when it is introduced into the focusing device. In fact, metal dust could become embedded in the dielectric cylinder and permanently disturb the electrical performance of the assembly

La figure 8 montre les deux extrémités d'une ligne à retard de TOP munie de deux fenêtres selon l'invention. L'extrémité du côté de la source (à droite sur la figure) est munie d'une entrée HF sur ligne coaxiale 24, et l'extrémité du côté du collecteur (à gauche sur la figure) est munie d'une sortie HF sur guide d'ondes 25. Les bagues de souplesse 23, qui sur la figure 7 n'étaient pas encore utilisées, sont brasées, chacune, sur un sous-ensemble source ou collecteur, 26 et 27, coaxial avec la ligne à retard 1.FIG. 8 shows the two ends of a TOP delay line provided with two windows according to the invention. The end of the source side (on the right in the figure) is provided with an HF input on coaxial line 24, and the end on the side of the collector (on the left in the figure) is provided with an HF output on waveguide 25. The flexible rings 23, which in FIG. 7 were not yet used, are each brazed on a source or collector sub-assembly, 26 and 27, coaxial with delay line 1.

Ainsi, les parties sous vide sont réduites au minimum puisqu'elles concernent uniquement l'ensemble des éléments destinés au faisceau : le canon à électron (émission), la ligne à retard (trajectoire et interaction avec l'onde hyperfréquence) et le collecteur (recueil des électrons).Thus, the vacuum parts are reduced to a minimum since they only concern all the elements intended for the beam: the electron gun (emission), the delay line (trajectory and interaction with the microwave wave) and the collector ( electron collection).

Le vide est donc plus facile à obtenir et les risques de fuite sont fortement diminués. Dans l'art antérieur, les circuits externes de transmission comportent une fenêtre, intégrée s'il s'agit d'une ligne coaxiale, soumise à de fortes contraintes, d'où risque de fuites, lorsqu'elle est connectée au circuit amenant ou recueillant le signal hyperfréquence ; ces risques concernent plus particulièrement les fenêtres de type "coaxial", plus fragiles. Cet inconvénient n'existe plus avec la fenêtre intégrée à la ligne à retard.Vacuum is therefore easier to obtain and the risk of leakage is greatly reduced. In the prior art, the external transmission circuits include a window, integrated in the case of a coaxial line, subjected to high stresses, hence the risk of leaks, when it is connected to the circuit bringing or collecting the microwave signal; these risks relate more particularly to the more fragile "coaxial" type windows. This drawback no longer exists with the window integrated into the delay line.

Il faut remarquer que l'ensemble étanche "ligne à retard et fenêtre" est totalement indépendant, avant la dernière étape de brasage, du focalisateur et du circuit externe de transmission auquel il est associé, ainsi que le montre la figure 7.It should be noted that the sealed assembly “delay line and window” is completely independent, before the last soldering step, of the focusing device and the external transmission circuit with which it is associated, as shown in FIG. 7.

Il est donc possible de braser séparément le sous-ensemble étanche de la ligne à retard d'une part, et le sous-ensemble formé par le focalisateur et le circuit externe de transmission d'autre part, ce qui permet ensuite de contrôler l'ensemble du système, après mise en place du sous-ensemble étanche de l'hélice.It is therefore possible to solder separately the sealed sub-assembly of the delay line on the one hand, and the sub-assembly formed by the focusing device and the external transmission circuit on the other hand, which then makes it possible to control the whole system, after fitting the watertight propeller sub-assembly.

En cas d'imperfection, seul le sous-ensemble incriminé est remplacé. Le brasage final n'est effectué qu'après ce contrôle.In the event of an imperfection, only the offending sub-assembly is replaced. Final brazing is only carried out after this check.

La figure 8 met en évidence que, après assemblage, les fenêtres 21 ont un diamètre légèrement inférieur à celui du logement de l'enceinte 4 de la ligne à retard, de façon à éviter toute détérioration par une éventuelle poussière métallique.FIG. 8 shows that, after assembly, the windows 21 have a diameter slightly smaller than that of the housing of the enclosure 4 of the delay line, so as to avoid any deterioration by possible metallic dust.

Une fenêtre hyperfréquence selon l'invention fonctionne par effet d'antenne. La lame métallique 18 en forme d'équerre reliant une extrémité de l'hélice 5 à son enceinte, forme une boucle 20 qui, par rayonnement à travers la fenêtre cylindrique 21, reçoit l'énergie s'il s'agit du circuit externe correspondant à l'entrée HF, ou transmet l'énergie s'il s'agit du circuit externe correspondant à l'entrée HF, ou transmet l'énergie s'il s'agit du circuit externe de la sortie HF.A microwave window according to the invention operates by antenna effect. The metal blade 18 in the form of a square connecting one end of the propeller 5 to its enclosure, forms a loop 20 which, by radiation through the cylindrical window 21, receives the energy if it is the external circuit corresponding to the HF input, or transmits the energy if it is the external circuit corresponding to the HF input, or transmits the energy s' it is the external circuit of the HF output.

Par ailleurs, les deux causes connues de réflexion ou de désadaptation, c'est-à-dire la jonction hélice-circuit externe et la fenêtre, sont selon l'invention géométriquement confondues. Il n'y a donc plus qu'une seule cause de réflexion éventuelle, d'où de meilleures performances possibles à large bande.Furthermore, the two known causes of reflection or mismatch, that is to say the junction between the propeller and the external circuit and the window, are according to the invention geometrically combined. There is therefore only one possible cause for reflection, hence better possible broadband performance.

Des mesures ont été effectuées dans la bande de fréquence 22-33 GHz, avec une ligne coaxiale comme circuit externe d'entrée et un guide WR 34 comme circuit externe de sortie, sur un TOP muni de fenêtres selon l'invention.Measurements were made in the 22-33 GHz frequency band, with a coaxial line as the external input circuit and a WR 34 guide as the external output circuit, on a TOP fitted with windows according to the invention.

L'épaisseur de la paroi cylindrique de la fenêtre 21 est de 0.35 mm et la différence entre le rayon de la fenêtre et celui de l'enceinte de l'hélice est de 0.05 mm.The thickness of the cylindrical wall of the window 21 is 0.35 mm and the difference between the radius of the window and that of the enclosure of the propeller is 0.05 mm.

Les performances électriques obtenues correspondent à un rapport d'onde stationnaire de 1.3 maximum, dans une bande de fréquence de 15 % par rapport à la fréquence centrale choisie.The electrical performances obtained correspond to a standing wave ratio of 1.3 maximum, in a frequency band of 15% compared to the selected central frequency.

Claims (8)

1 - Fenêtre étanche pour tube électronique hyperfréquence comportant d'une part une zone sous vide, constituée par une source d'électrons (2), un focalisateur dit "ligne à retard" (1) de forme cylindrique et un collecteur d'électrons (3) et d'autre part, au moins un circuit externe de transmission (10) par lequel un signal hyperfréquence interfère avec le faisceau d'électrons qui traverse la ligne à retard (1), cette fenêtre étanche (21) étant caractérisée en ce qu'elle est en matériau céramique transparent aux hyperfréquences, et intégrée à l'enceinte (4) qui enveloppe la ligne à retard (1), ayant une forme cylindrique, de diamètre extérieur inférieur au diamètre extérieur de l'enceinte (4) de la ligne à retard (1), et en ce qu'elle comporte au moins une bague de souplesse (22), métallique, par laquelle elle est brasée de façon coaxiale sur l'enceinte (4) de la ligne à retard (1).1 - Watertight window for microwave electronic tube comprising on the one hand a vacuum zone, constituted by an electron source (2), a so-called "delay line" focuser (1) of cylindrical shape and an electron collector ( 3) and on the other hand, at least one external transmission circuit (10) by which a microwave signal interferes with the electron beam which crosses the delay line (1), this sealed window (21) being characterized in that that it is made of ceramic material transparent to microwave frequencies, and integrated into the enclosure (4) which envelops the delay line (1), having a cylindrical shape, of outside diameter less than the outside diameter of the enclosure (4) the delay line (1), and in that it comprises at least one flexible ring (22), metallic, by which it is brazed coaxially on the enclosure (4) of the delay line (1) . 2 - Fenêtre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte, à chacune des extrémités du cylindre (21) céramique, une bague de souplesse (22, 23), métallique, une première bague (22) étant brasée sur l'enceinte (4) de la ligne à retard (1), la deuxième bague (23) étant brasée sur un sous-ensemble (26, 27) de source ou de collecteur coaxial avec la ligne à retard (1).2 - Window according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, at each of the ends of the ceramic cylinder (21), a flexible ring (22, 23), metallic, a first ring (22) being brazed on the enclosure (4) of the delay line (1), the second ring (23) being brazed on a sub-assembly (26, 27) of source or collector coaxial with the delay line (1). 3 - Fenêtre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est intégrée à l'enceinte (4) de la ligne à retard (1) grâce à un dégagement (16) usiné dans l'enceinte (4), la longueur dudit dégagement (16) étant inférieure à la longueur de la fenêtre (21) munie de ses deux bagues de souplesse (22, 23).3 - Window according to claim 1, characterized in that it is integrated into the enclosure (4) of the delay line (1) through a clearance (16) machined in the enclosure (4), the length of said clearance (16) being less than the length of the window (21) provided with its two flexible rings (22, 23). 4 - Fenêtre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte en outre une antenne de transmissions hyperfréquences à travers la céramique de la fenêtre, ladite antenne étant formée par une lame métallique (18), raccordée à l'équerre à un cylindre métallique (20) qui s'ajuste sur le dégagement (16) usiné dans l'enceinte (4).4 - Window according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an antenna of microwave transmissions through the ceramic of the window, said antenna being formed by a metal blade (18), connected to the square to a cylinder metal (20) which adjusts to the clearance (16) machined in the enclosure (4). 5 - Fenêtre selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la lame métallique (18) pénètre dans la ligne à retard (1) à travers une ouverture (17) qui traverse l'enceinte (4) sur toute son épaisseur.5 - Window according to claim 4, characterized in that the metal strip (18) enters the delay line (1) through an opening (17) which passes through the enclosure (4) over its entire thickness. 6 - Tube à ondes progressives, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins une fenêtre étanche (21 + 22 + 23) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5.6 - Traveling wave tube, characterized in that it comprises at least one sealed window (21 + 22 + 23) according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7 - Tube à ondes progressives selon la revendication 6, comportant une hélice métallique (5) centrée dans la ligne à retard par une pluralité de supports céramiques (6), caractérisé en ce que la lame métallique (18) d'au moins une fenêtre étanche est brasée (en 19) sur une extrémité de ladite hélice (5).7 - traveling wave tube according to claim 6, comprising a metal helix (5) centered in the delay line by a plurality of ceramic supports (6), characterized in that the metal blade (18) of at least one window waterproof is soldered (in 19) on one end of said propeller (5). 8 - Tube à ondes progressives selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la fenêtre étanche (21) sépare la zone sous vide d'au moins un circuit externe de transmissions, ligne coaxiale (9) ou guide d'ondes (10), à une pression différente de celle de la zone sous vide.8 - traveling wave tube according to claim 6, characterized in that the sealed window (21) separates the vacuum zone from at least one external transmission circuit, coaxial line (9) or waveguide (10), at a pressure different from that of the vacuum zone.
EP89403033A 1988-11-04 1989-11-03 Vacuum-tight window for a microwave tube, and microwave tube with a window Withdrawn EP0368729A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8814417A FR2638891A1 (en) 1988-11-04 1988-11-04 SEALED WINDOW FOR HYPERFREQUENCY ELECTRONIC TUBE AND PROGRESSIVE WAVE TUBE HAVING THIS WINDOW
FR8814417 1988-11-04

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EP89403033A Withdrawn EP0368729A1 (en) 1988-11-04 1989-11-03 Vacuum-tight window for a microwave tube, and microwave tube with a window

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EP (1) EP0368729A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH02183939A (en)
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JPH02183939A (en) 1990-07-18
FR2638891A1 (en) 1990-05-11
US5004952A (en) 1991-04-02

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