EP0367859B1 - Method for making briquets having dimensional stability and briquetting press for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method for making briquets having dimensional stability and briquetting press for carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0367859B1
EP0367859B1 EP88118784A EP88118784A EP0367859B1 EP 0367859 B1 EP0367859 B1 EP 0367859B1 EP 88118784 A EP88118784 A EP 88118784A EP 88118784 A EP88118784 A EP 88118784A EP 0367859 B1 EP0367859 B1 EP 0367859B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
press
piston
compressing
compressed
pressure
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EP88118784A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0367859A1 (en
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Hans Ruf
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Priority to DE88118784T priority Critical patent/DE3888183D1/en
Priority to EP88118784A priority patent/EP0367859B1/en
Priority to ES88118784T priority patent/ES2051817T3/en
Priority to AT88118784T priority patent/ATE102123T1/en
Publication of EP0367859A1 publication Critical patent/EP0367859A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/30—Feeding material to presses
    • B30B15/302—Feeding material in particulate or plastic state to moulding presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/005—Control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3003—Details
    • B30B9/301—Feed means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
    • B30B9/3078—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor with precompression means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/32—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for consolidating scrap metal or for compacting used cars
    • B30B9/327—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for consolidating scrap metal or for compacting used cars for briquetting scrap metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing dimensionally stable briquettes from chip, fiber, dust or sheet-shaped pressed material by means of a briquetting press in which the pressed material is first fed to a pre-compression piston and pre-compressed by its pre-compression plate in a receiving chamber and by a compression piston moved at right angles to it is further compressed in a molding box, and a briquetting press to carry out the process.
  • Such a method and a briquetting press of the generic type are known from DE-PS 33 33 766, the relatively high press density and uniformity of the rectangular briquettes being achieved by the pre-compression and main compression taking place at right angles to one another. This enables the briquettes to be stacked particularly well.
  • This briquetting press is operated for a quick workflow via a sequence control, which detects the piston movements and positions via pushbuttons, as well as the pressure exerted via pressure sensors, in order to coordinate and in each case the movement sequence of the feed, pre-compression, compression, ejection and mold turning device after the end of a work movement to continue the next one.
  • the pressing capacity that can be achieved with a specific material to be pressed depends primarily on the installed drive power of the briquetting press. If the material to be pressed remains the same and thus the pressing resistance is known, the most efficient pressing path or piston stroke can be determined by tests for a given drive power and the briquette size can be determined by stops or limit switches.
  • the defined end position and thus the briquette size are easily reached in the case of pressed material that is easier to deform, however, the pressing density remains relatively low, so that the compact is subject to a relatively low load such as, for example, B. when stacking, can dissolve.
  • the briquette size is reliably achieved with compaction material that is easier to compress, but the installed drive power is not used, while the desired briquette size is not achieved with compaction material that is more difficult to compress.
  • This is particularly disadvantageous in the case of the box pressing method of the generic type, since if the briquettes are too long in the main compression direction at the parting plane to the molding boxes, additional separation and shear energies have to be used.
  • DE-OS 30 38 839 describes a controllable briquetting press according to the extrusion process, the Supply quantity is regulated on the basis of the maximum pressure at the pressing device determined by a push button.
  • the press nozzle cross-section can be adjusted independently to adapt to different press material in order to achieve largely constant compaction and strength.
  • the proposed coupling between the press hydraulic motor and the press nozzle can only be used for extrusion presses with reasonable effort.
  • a briquetting extrusion press which, when changing the consistency of the pressed material to avoid briquettes that are too thin, measures the thickness of the briquettes emerging from the pressing head and adjusts the pressing piston via a control element.
  • a complex construction of the plunger unit is necessary. A transfer of the scanning of the briquette thickness to a generic box pressing method is not conceivable due to the large number of measurements in a rapid pressing process and very expensive due to the separate scanning of the individual briquettes.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to achieve the greatest possible compression and uniformity in briquette size with ease of installation and manufacture for different pressed material, in particular additional shear forces between the pre-compression and main compression should be avoided.
  • This object is achieved by a method having the characterizing features of patent claim 1 and a briquetting press according to the characterizing features of patent claim 2.
  • a briquetting press 1 is shown, which is constructed on a schematically illustrated frame 2.
  • the plunger 4 is fastened to tie rods 3 and connected to a counter plate 6 with the interposition of a disc 5 which can be rotated in steps.
  • a reciprocating slide can also be provided with at least two mold boxes, which are moved alternately between the pressing position in the extension of the ram piston path and the ejection position.
  • a plurality of molded boxes 7 are provided in the disk 5, in each of which a briquette 8 is formed and compressed to its final size.
  • the press ram 9 of the press piston 4 has a rectangular shape corresponding to the desired briquette cross section and is pressurized in coordination with the disk 5 and a pre-compressor piston 11.
  • the pre-compression piston 11 has a pre-compression plate 12, which presses the material to be pressed supplied from a feed device 13 into the receiving chamber 10 from above.
  • the feed screw 14 is temporarily driven by a feed motor 15 in its up position, depending on the required feed quantity.
  • An agitator 16 can also be provided above the feed screw 14.
  • the material to be pressed is fed to the pre-compression piston 11 via the feed screw 14 by switching on the feed motor 15, so that the receiving chamber 10 and the space 10 'above it fill up to a desired height.
  • the pre-compression piston 11 is moved downwards via a sequence control until the pre-compression plate 12 reaches the end position 12 'shown in broken lines.
  • the plunger 4 is actuated by the sequence control known from DE-PS 33 33 766, so that the plunger plunges to the right into the receiving chamber 10 and further compresses the briquette 8 in cooperation with the molding box 7.
  • the disc 5 continues to the next molding box 7 (or a slide is moved laterally) while the finished compact 8 is released for ejection.
  • the pre-compression piston 16 is moved upwards and a new pressing process is initiated.
  • the finished briquette is simultaneously ejected from the molding chamber 7 of the disk 5, which is offset by 180 °, in synchronism with the pressing movement of the pressing piston 4.
  • displacement transducers 17 on the compression piston 4 and displacement transducers 18 are used here provided on the pre-compression piston 11.
  • These displacement transducers 17 and 18 can both be arranged in closely spaced steps, or can be of stepless design. Likewise, both a contactless and a contact-based design of the displacement sensors 17, 18 are possible.
  • the displacement sensor 17 is designed here as a push-button switch with three stages, so that the end position of the plunger 4 reached in each case can be detected in three end positions.
  • the displacement transducer 18 is provided as an inductive displacement transducer with a comb-like measuring strip 18a which can be moved together with the pre-compression piston 11 and which cooperates with a stationary measuring sensor 18b. Both displacement transducers 17, 18 are connected here to a control device 19, in particular a programmable logic controller or a microprocessor controller. According to the invention, however, the displacement sensor system 17 can alternatively be provided while the version with displacement transducer systems on both the compression piston 4 and the pre-compression piston 11 represents a particularly advantageous embodiment, since the desired uniformity of the briquettes to be pressed is thereby achieved to a particularly high degree.
  • the control unit 19 is connected on the output side to adjusting elements, in particular a control valve 20 and the feed motor 15.
  • the control valve 20 controls the achievable pre-compression pressure of the pre-compression piston 11.
  • a further possibility for controlling the pre-compression pressure is a pressure sensor 21 in a pressure line 22 to the pre-compression piston 11 To provide, which emits a signal analogous to the hydraulic pressure and thus controls the pressure source, for example a variable displacement pump 23 or the pressure control valve 20.
  • the displacement transducer 18 on the pre-compression piston 11 can at the same time adapt the feed quantity of the feed device to the present pressed material by varying the duty cycle or speed of the feed screw 14 in order to adjust the pre-compression pressure.
  • the quality and the pressing behavior of the respective pressing material is detected by the displacement transducer 18, in which the press-in height which can be achieved against the pressing resistance of the respective pressing material is detected via the measuring bar 18a and the sensor 18b.
  • the feed quantity can thus be changed by shortening or lengthening the feed time or feed speed.
  • the pressure of the precompression piston 11 z. B.
  • the press plate 12 can assume a relatively high end position in its end position, to reach the desired end position 12 'in Fig. 1, since the receiving chamber 10 flush with the direction of movement of the plunger 4th is completed and therefore no additional shear forces occur.

Abstract

In order to achieve the greatest possible compaction and at the same time high uniformity in briquet size with simple adjustability and producibility in the case of different material to be pressed, it is proposed, for making briquets having dimensional stability by means of a briquetting press, to measure the end position of the precompacting (11) and/or press plunger (4), which end position is achieved against the press resistance of the material to be pressed, and to control the feed quantity and/or the precompaction pressure of a receiving chamber (10) as a function of the measured end position. This is achieved in a simple manner by displacement transducers (18, 17) on the precompacting plunger (11) and/or press plunger (4). By this displacement measurement, conclusions can be drawn about the material to be pressed which is processed in each case and thus the prepress pressures or feed quantities of material to be pressed which are necessary for a uniform briquet size can be controlled. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von formbeständigen Briketts aus span-,faser-, staub- oder blattförmigem Pressgut mittels einer Brikettierpresse, in der das Pressgut zunächst einem Vorverdichterkolben zugeführt und von dessen Vorpreßplatte in einer Aufnahmekammer vorverdichtet wird und von einem hierzu rechtwinklig bewegten Presskolben in einem Formkasten weiterverdichtet wird, sowie eine Brikettierpresse zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for producing dimensionally stable briquettes from chip, fiber, dust or sheet-shaped pressed material by means of a briquetting press in which the pressed material is first fed to a pre-compression piston and pre-compressed by its pre-compression plate in a receiving chamber and by a compression piston moved at right angles to it is further compressed in a molding box, and a briquetting press to carry out the process.

Ein derartiges Verfahren und eine gattungsgemäße Brikettierpresse sind aus der DE-PS 33 33 766 bekannt, wobei durch die rechtwinklig zueinander erfolgende Vor- und Hauptverdichtung eine relativ hohe Pressdichte und Gleichmäßigkeit der Rechteckbriketts erzielt wird. Damit wird insbesondere eine gute Stapelbarkeit der Briketts ermöglicht. Diese Brikettierpresse wird für einen raschen Arbeitsablauf über eine Ablaufsteuerung betrieben, die über Tastschalter die Kolbenbewegungen und - stellungen, sowie über Druckfühler den ausgeübten Druck feststellt, um den Bewegungsablauf der Zuführ-, Vorverdichtung-, Preß-, Ausstoß- und Formdrehvorrichtung zu koordinieren und jeweils nach Beendigung einer Arbeitsbewegung die nachfolgende fortzuschalten.Such a method and a briquetting press of the generic type are known from DE-PS 33 33 766, the relatively high press density and uniformity of the rectangular briquettes being achieved by the pre-compression and main compression taking place at right angles to one another. This enables the briquettes to be stacked particularly well. This briquetting press is operated for a quick workflow via a sequence control, which detects the piston movements and positions via pushbuttons, as well as the pressure exerted via pressure sensors, in order to coordinate and in each case the movement sequence of the feed, pre-compression, compression, ejection and mold turning device after the end of a work movement to continue the next one.

Die erreichbare Preßleistung bei einem bestimmten Pressgut ist dabei vorwiegend von der installierten Antriebsleistung der Brikettierpresse abhängig. Bei gleichbleibendem Pressgut und somit bekanntem Presswiderstand kann bei vorgegebener Antriebsleistung durch Versuche der wirkungsgradgünstigste Pressweg bzw. Kolbenhub ermittelt werden und durch Anschläge oder Endschalter die Brikettgröße festgelegt werden.The pressing capacity that can be achieved with a specific material to be pressed depends primarily on the installed drive power of the briquetting press. If the material to be pressed remains the same and thus the pressing resistance is known, the most efficient pressing path or piston stroke can be determined by tests for a given drive power and the briquette size can be determined by stops or limit switches.

Bei sich veränderndem Pressgut weisen derartige Pressverfahren bzw. Pressenkonstruktionen jedoch Mängel auf, da bei schwer zu verdichtendem Gut der Presswiderstand größer als der erreichbare Pressdruck wird und somit der Brikett nicht vollständig ausgeformt werden kann.When the material to be pressed changes, however, such pressing methods or press constructions have defects, since in the case of material which is difficult to compress, the pressing resistance becomes greater than the achievable pressing pressure and the briquette cannot therefore be completely formed.

Andererseits wird bei leichter zu verformendem Pressgut die festgelegte Endposition und damit Brikettgröße ohne weiteres erreicht, jedoch bleibt damit die Pressdichte relativ gering, so daß sich der Pressling bei relativ geringer Belastung wie z. B. beim Stapeln, wiederauflösen kann.On the other hand, the defined end position and thus the briquette size are easily reached in the case of pressed material that is easier to deform, however, the pressing density remains relatively low, so that the compact is subject to a relatively low load such as, for example, B. when stacking, can dissolve.

Durch diese Ausführung mit gleichbleibendem Kolbenhub in Vor- und Hauptverdichtungsrichtung wird zwar die Brikettgröße bei leichter zu verdichtendem Pressgut sicher erreicht, jedoch die installierte Antriebsleistung nicht ausgenutzt, während bei schwerer zu verdichtendem Pressgut die angestrebte Brikettgröße nicht erreicht wird. Dies ist insbesondere bei dem gattungsgemäßen Kastenpressverfahren nachteilig, da bei zu langen Briketts in Hauptverdichtungsrichtung an der Trennebene zu den Formkästen zusätzliche Trenn- und Scherenergien aufgewendet werden müssen.Due to this design with a constant piston stroke in the pre-compression and main compression direction, the briquette size is reliably achieved with compaction material that is easier to compress, but the installed drive power is not used, while the desired briquette size is not achieved with compaction material that is more difficult to compress. This is particularly disadvantageous in the case of the box pressing method of the generic type, since if the briquettes are too long in the main compression direction at the parting plane to the molding boxes, additional separation and shear energies have to be used.

Für unterschiedliches Pressgut mit verschiedenen Presswiderständen waren bisher aufwendige Versuche zur Ermittlung des Pressverhaltens und der sich daran anschließenden Maschineneinstellung notwendig, um einen ordnungsgemäßen Betrieb der Brikettierpresse mit vollständiger Ausformung sicherzustellen. Eine derartige Einstellung der Brikettierpresse zur Anpassung an das jeweilige Material ist insbesondere bei häufigem Wechsel kaum zumutbar. Zudem sollen im Sinne einer universellen Einsetzbarkeit auch Materialien mit sich veränderndem Pressverhalten innerhalb einer Charge brikettiert werden, so daß eine derartige Einstellung bereits nach einigen Preßhuben notwendig wäre.For different press material with different press resistances, complex tests to determine the press behavior and the subsequent machine setting were necessary to ensure proper operation of the briquetting press with complete shaping. Such a setting of the briquetting press to adapt to the respective material is particularly unreasonable, especially if it is changed frequently. In addition, in the interests of universal applicability, materials with changing pressing behavior should also be briquetted within a batch, so that such an adjustment would be necessary after a few press strokes.

Aus der DE-A-15 84 543 ist eine selbsttätige Regelung für Formpressen bekannt, die insbesondere zur Herstellung von feuerfesten Steinen geeignet sein soll. Hierbei werden Abweichungen bei den Abmessungen der Preßlinge vom Sollwert durch Korrektur der Füllmenge oder des Füllgewichtes minimiert, indem zur Einstellung des Endvolumens oder des Preßdruckes eine Meßvorrichtung vorgesehen ist, die mit einem Meßgerät in Verbindung steht, das entsprechend dem geforderten Korrekturmaß eine Zuteilvorrichtung, wie eine Waage, einen Formboden oder ein drehzahlveränderliches Zellenrad für die Preßmasse des darauffolgenden Preßlinges verstellt. Diese Formpresse weist keinerlei Vorverdichtungsvorrichtung auf, so daß hierdurch nur eine relativ geringe Preßdichte erreichbar ist. Aufgrund der fehlenden Vorverdichtungseinheit ist somit diese Formpresse zum Herstellen von formbeständigen Briketts mit hoher Dichte nicht geeignet.From DE-A-15 84 543 an automatic control for molding presses is known, which should be particularly suitable for the production of refractory bricks. Deviations in the dimensions of the compacts from the target value are minimized by correcting the filling quantity or the filling weight by providing a measuring device for setting the final volume or the pressing pressure, which is connected to a measuring device which, according to the required correction measure, is an allotment device such as a Balance, a mold base or a variable-speed cell wheel adjusted for the molding compound of the following compact. This molding press has no pre-compression device, so that only a relatively low compression density can be achieved as a result. Due to the lack of a pre-compression unit, this molding press is not suitable for producing dimensionally stable briquettes with high density.

Die DE-OS 30 38 839 beschreibt eine in ihrer Leistung steuerbare Brikettierpresse nach dem Strangpressverfahren, wobei die Zuführmenge aufgrund des durch einen Drucktaster festgestellten Maximaldrucks an der Presseinrichtung geregelt wird. Zur Anpassung an unterschiedliches Pressgut ist der Pressdüsenguerschnitt selbständig verstellbar, um weitgehend konstante Verdichtung und Festigkeit zu erreichen. Die vorgeschlagene Koppelung zwischen Presshydromotor und Pressdüse ist jedoch nur bei Strangpressen mit vertretbarem Aufwand einzusetzen.DE-OS 30 38 839 describes a controllable briquetting press according to the extrusion process, the Supply quantity is regulated on the basis of the maximum pressure at the pressing device determined by a push button. The press nozzle cross-section can be adjusted independently to adapt to different press material in order to achieve largely constant compaction and strength. However, the proposed coupling between the press hydraulic motor and the press nozzle can only be used for extrusion presses with reasonable effort.

Aus der DE-AS 12 42 497 ist desweiteren eine Brikettierstrangpresse bekannt, die bei Veränderung der Konsistenz des Pressgutes zur Vermeidung von zu dünnen Briketts die aus dem Presskopf austretenden Briketts in ihrer Dicke mißt und über ein Steuerorgan den Presskolben verstellt. Neben der dabei nötigen Meßvorrichtung zur Abtastung des Brikettstrangs ist eine aufwendige Konstruktion der Presskolbeneinheit notwendig. Eine Übertragung der Abtastung der Brikettdicke auf ein gattungsgemäßes Kastenpressverfahren ist durch die Vielzahl der Messungen bei einem zügigen Pressvorgang nicht denkbar und durch die gesonderte Abtastung der einzelnen Briketts sehr aufwendig.From DE-AS 12 42 497 a briquetting extrusion press is also known which, when changing the consistency of the pressed material to avoid briquettes that are too thin, measures the thickness of the briquettes emerging from the pressing head and adjusts the pressing piston via a control element. In addition to the necessary measuring device for scanning the briquette strand, a complex construction of the plunger unit is necessary. A transfer of the scanning of the briquette thickness to a generic box pressing method is not conceivable due to the large number of measurements in a rapid pressing process and very expensive due to the separate scanning of the individual briquettes.

In der DE-AS 12 80 117 wird zur erhöhten Genauigkeit in der Brikettstärke im Hinblick auf nachgeordnete Bündelvorrichtungen vorgeschlagen, die Brikettlänge gruppenweise zu erfassen. Bei Abweichungen vom Sollwert wird die Rohmaterialzufuhr geregelt. Auch diese Ausführung ist an das Strangpressverfahren gebunden und durch die nachgeschaltete Meßvorrichtung aufwendig. Die dort vorgeschlagene Reibradmeßvorrichtung als Istwertgeber ist zudem schlupfbehaftet und damit ungenau.In DE-AS 12 80 117, for increased accuracy in the briquette thickness with regard to downstream bundling devices, it is proposed to record the briquette length in groups. In the event of deviations from the target value, the raw material supply is regulated. This version is also tied to the extrusion process and is complex due to the downstream measuring device. The friction wheel measuring device proposed there as an actual value transmitter is also subject to slip and therefore inaccurate.

Aus der DE-OS 29 50 072 ist weiterhin eine Regelvorrichtung für Walzenpressen zur automatischen Anpassung an Pressgutveränderungen bekannt, wobei das herangeführte Gut vor dem Einspeisen in die Zuteilvorrichtung gewogen wird. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist insbesondere bei sperrigen Pressgütern, wie Ästen, Reisig nicht durchführbar und bedingt zudem eine aufwendige Wiegevorrichtung. Auch Materialien wie stark rückfedernde Kunststoffe, insbesondere Styropor und vergleichbare Verpackungsmaterialien, lassen sich für Recyclingzwecke mit den genannten Walzen- und Strangpressen nicht formbeständig brikettieren.From DE-OS 29 50 072 a control device for roller presses for automatically adapting to changes in pressed material is also known, the material being brought into being weighed before being fed into the allocating device. Such a method cannot be carried out, in particular in the case of bulky pressed goods, such as branches, brushwood and, moreover, requires a complex weighing device. Even materials like strong Resilient plastics, in particular polystyrene and comparable packaging materials, cannot be briquetted in a dimensionally stable manner with the roller and extrusion presses mentioned for recycling purposes.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe Zugrunde, für unterschiedliches Pressgut eine größtmögliche Verdichtung und zugleich Gleichmäßigkeit in der Brikettgröße bei einfacher Ein- und Herstellbarkeit zu erreichen, wobei insbesondere zusätzliche Scherkräfte zwischen Vor- und Hauptverdichtungs einheit vermieden werden sollen. Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 und eine Brikettierpresse gemäß den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 2.The invention is therefore based on the object to achieve the greatest possible compression and uniformity in briquette size with ease of installation and manufacture for different pressed material, in particular additional shear forces between the pre-compression and main compression should be avoided. This object is achieved by a method having the characterizing features of patent claim 1 and a briquetting press according to the characterizing features of patent claim 2.

Durch die exakte Erfassung der Endposition der Pressplatte des. Vorverdichterkolbens lassen sich die genannten Schwankungen im Pressgut nahezu vollständig ausgleichen und zugleich die vorgesehene Antriebsleistung der Presse bei hohem Wirkungsgrad nutzen. Somit wird je nach Presswiderstand des jeweiligen Pressgutes die höchstmögliche Verdichtung bei exakt gleichbleibender Brikettgröße erreicht. Zudem wird eine automatische Anpassung an das jeweils vorliegende Pressgut ermöglicht, wobei dessen Erfassung durch Wegaufnehmer an Vorverdichterkolben auf einfache Weise ohne gesonderte aufwendige Meßvorrichtungen erfolgt. Die Überwachung der Ballengröße erfolgt dabei in vorteilhafter Weise bereits vor bzw. während des Preßvorganges und nicht erst nach dem Pressen durch gesonderte Abtastvorrichtungen. Dadurch können sehr gleichmäßige, insbesondere für die Stapelung geeignete Briketts erreicht werden.The exact detection of the end position of the press plate of the pre-compressor piston makes it possible to almost completely compensate for the fluctuations in the material to be pressed and at the same time to use the intended drive power of the press with a high degree of efficiency. Depending on the pressing resistance of the material to be pressed, the highest possible compression is achieved with the briquette size remaining exactly the same. In addition, an automatic adaptation to the respective pressed material is made possible, the detection of which is carried out by displacement sensors on pre-compression pistons in a simple manner without separate, complex measuring devices. The bale size is advantageously monitored before or during the pressing process and not after the pressing by separate scanning devices. This enables very uniform briquettes, particularly suitable for stacking, to be achieved.

Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und Brikettierpresse sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet und werden nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung näher beschrieben und erläutert.

Fig. 1
zeigt eine Seitenansicht auf eine Brikettierpresse mit zugeordnetem Steuerungsschema.
Preferred developments of the method and briquetting press according to the invention are characterized in the dependent claims and are described and explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to the drawing.
Fig. 1
shows a side view of a briquetting press with an associated control scheme.

In Fig. 1 ist eine Brikettierpresse 1 dargestellt, die auf einem schematisch dargestelltem Rahmen 2 aufgebaut ist. An Zugankern 3 ist der Presskolben 4 befestigt und mit einer Gegenplatte 6 unter Zwischenschaltung einer schrittweise drehbaren Scheibe 5 verbunden. Alternativ zu einer schrittweisen drehbaren Scheibe 5 kann auch ein hin- und hergehender Schieber mit wenigstens zwei Formkästen vorgesehen sein, die wechselweise zwischen Preßstellung in Verlängerung der Preßkolbenbahn und Ausstoßstellung bewegt werden. In der Scheibe 5 sind mehrere Formkästen 7 vorgesehen, in denen jeweils ein Brikett 8 gebildet und zu seiner Endgröße verdichtet wird. Dies erfolgt im letzten Presschritt mittels des Presskolbens 4 und dessen Presstößels 9, der in eine Aufnahmekammer 10 eintaucht und dabei einen Vorpressling in den Formkasten 7 verschiebt und weiterverdichtet. Der Presstößel 9 des Presskolbens 4 weist eine Rechteckform entsprechend dem gewünschten Brikettquerschnitt auf und wird in Abstimmung zur Scheibe 5 und einem Vorverdichterkolben 11 mit Druck beaufschlagt. Der Vorverdichterkolben 11 weist an seinem unteren Ende eine Vorpreßplatte 12 auf, die das von einer Zuführeinrichtung 13 zugeführte Preßgut von oben in die Aufnahmekammer 10 drückt. In Abstimmung mit dem Bewegungsablauf des Vorverdichterkolbens 11 wird in dessen Obenstellung die Zuführschnecke 14 durch einen Zuführmotor 15 zeitweilig, je nach notwendiger Zuführmenge, angetrieben. Über der Zuführschnecke 14 kann desweiteren ein Rührwerk 16 vorgesehen sein.In Fig. 1, a briquetting press 1 is shown, which is constructed on a schematically illustrated frame 2. The plunger 4 is fastened to tie rods 3 and connected to a counter plate 6 with the interposition of a disc 5 which can be rotated in steps. As an alternative to a step-wise rotatable disc 5, a reciprocating slide can also be provided with at least two mold boxes, which are moved alternately between the pressing position in the extension of the ram piston path and the ejection position. A plurality of molded boxes 7 are provided in the disk 5, in each of which a briquette 8 is formed and compressed to its final size. This takes place in the last pressing step by means of the pressing piston 4 and its pressing plunger 9, which is immersed in a receiving chamber 10 and thereby moves a pre-pressed part into the molding box 7 and compresses it further. The press ram 9 of the press piston 4 has a rectangular shape corresponding to the desired briquette cross section and is pressurized in coordination with the disk 5 and a pre-compressor piston 11. At its lower end, the pre-compression piston 11 has a pre-compression plate 12, which presses the material to be pressed supplied from a feed device 13 into the receiving chamber 10 from above. In coordination with the sequence of movements of the pre-compressor piston 11, the feed screw 14 is temporarily driven by a feed motor 15 in its up position, depending on the required feed quantity. An agitator 16 can also be provided above the feed screw 14.

In der derartig aufgebauten Brikettierpresse wird unter Einschalten des Zuführmotors 15 das zu pressende Material über die Zuführschnecke 14 dem Vorverdichterkolben 11 zugeführt, so daß sich die Aufnahmekammer 10 und der darüberliegende Raum 10' bis zu einer gewünschten Höhe füllt. Nach Abschalten der Zuführeinrichtung 13 wird über eine Ablaufsteuerung der Vorverdichterkolben 11 nach unten bewegt, bis die Vorpreßplatte 12 in die strichliert gezeichnete Endstellung 12' gelangt.In the briquetting press constructed in this way, the material to be pressed is fed to the pre-compression piston 11 via the feed screw 14 by switching on the feed motor 15, so that the receiving chamber 10 and the space 10 'above it fill up to a desired height. After the supply device 13 has been switched off, the pre-compression piston 11 is moved downwards via a sequence control until the pre-compression plate 12 reaches the end position 12 'shown in broken lines.

Anschließend wird durch die aus der DE-PS 33 33 766 bekannte Ablaufsteuerung der Preßkolben 4 betätigt, so daß der Preßstößel hier nach rechts in die Aufnahmekammer 10 eintaucht und den Brikett 8 im Zusammenwirken mit dem Formkasten 7 weiterverdichtet. Während der Zurückbewegung des Preßstößels 9 bzw. des Preßkolbens 4 dreht sich die Scheibe 5 zum nächsten Formkasten 7 weiter, (bzw. wird ein Schieber seitlich weiterbewegt) während der fertige Preßling 8 zum Ausstoßen freigegeben wird. Zeitgleich wird der Vorverdichterkolben 16 nach oben bewegt und ein neuer Preßvorgang eingeleitet. Vorzugsweise erfolgt synchron zur Preßbewegung des Preßkolbens 4 gleichzeitig das Ausstoßen des fertigen Briketts aus der um 180° versetzten Formkammer 7 der Scheibe 5.Then the plunger 4 is actuated by the sequence control known from DE-PS 33 33 766, so that the plunger plunges to the right into the receiving chamber 10 and further compresses the briquette 8 in cooperation with the molding box 7. During the return movement of the ram 9 or the ram 4, the disc 5 continues to the next molding box 7 (or a slide is moved laterally) while the finished compact 8 is released for ejection. At the same time, the pre-compression piston 16 is moved upwards and a new pressing process is initiated. Preferably, the finished briquette is simultaneously ejected from the molding chamber 7 of the disk 5, which is offset by 180 °, in synchronism with the pressing movement of the pressing piston 4.

Während bei der DE-PS 33 33 766 zur Feststellung der Endstellung des Vorverdichterkolbens ein Endschalter oder Druckschalter für das Fortschalten der Ablaufsteuerung vorgesehen ist, sind hier zur Messung der jeweils gegen den Preßwiderstand des Preßgutes erreichten Endposition des Vorverdichterkolbens Wegaufnehmer 17 am Preßkolben 4 und Wegaufnehmer 18 am Vorverdichterkolben 11 vorgesehen. Diese Wegaufnehmer 17 und 18 können sowohl in eng beieinanderliegenden Stufen angeordnet sein, bzw. stufenlos ausgebildet sein. Ebenso ist sowohl eine kontaktlose als auch eine kontaktbehaftete Ausführung der Wegaufnehmer 17, 18 möglich. Der Wegaufnehmer 17 ist hier als Tastschalter mit drei Stufen ausgeführt, so daß die jeweilige erreichte Endposition des Preßkolbens 4 in drei Endstellungen erfaßt werden kann. Ebenso könnte über ein optisches oder ein induktives Wegmeßsystem die jeweilige erreichte Endposition stufenlos festgestellt werden oder mehr als drei Stufen vorgesehen sein. Der Wegaufnehmer 18 ist als induktiver Wegaufnehmer mit einer kammartigen, zusammen mit dem Vorverdichterkolben 11 bewegbaren Meßleiste 18a versehen, die mit einem stationären Meßfühler 18b zusammenarbeitet. Beide Wegaufnehmer 17,18 sind hier mit einem Steuergerät 19, insbesondere einer speicherprogrammierbaren Steuerung oder einer Mikroprozessorsteuerung verbunden. Erfindungsgemäß kann jedoch das Wegaufnehmersystem 17 alternativ vorgesehen sein, während die Ausführung mit Wegaufnehmersystemen sowohl an Preßkolben 4 als auch am Vorverdichterkolben 11 eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführung darstellt, da hiermit die angestrebte Gleichmäßigkeit der zu pressenden Briketts in besonders hohem Maße erreicht wird.While in DE-PS 33 33 766 a limit switch or pressure switch is provided for determining the end position of the precompression piston, here for measuring the end position of the precompression piston reached against the pressing resistance of the material to be pressed, displacement transducers 17 on the compression piston 4 and displacement transducers 18 are used here provided on the pre-compression piston 11. These displacement transducers 17 and 18 can both be arranged in closely spaced steps, or can be of stepless design. Likewise, both a contactless and a contact-based design of the displacement sensors 17, 18 are possible. The displacement sensor 17 is designed here as a push-button switch with three stages, so that the end position of the plunger 4 reached in each case can be detected in three end positions. Likewise, the respective end position reached could be determined continuously via an optical or an inductive displacement measuring system, or more than three steps could be provided. The displacement transducer 18 is provided as an inductive displacement transducer with a comb-like measuring strip 18a which can be moved together with the pre-compression piston 11 and which cooperates with a stationary measuring sensor 18b. Both displacement transducers 17, 18 are connected here to a control device 19, in particular a programmable logic controller or a microprocessor controller. According to the invention, however, the displacement sensor system 17 can alternatively be provided while the version with displacement transducer systems on both the compression piston 4 and the pre-compression piston 11 represents a particularly advantageous embodiment, since the desired uniformity of the briquettes to be pressed is thereby achieved to a particularly high degree.

Das Steuergerät 19 ist ausgangsseitig mit Verstellelementen verbunden, insbesondere einem Regelventil 20 und dem Zuführmotor 15. Das Regelventil 20 steuert den erreichbaren Vorverdichtungsdruck des Vorverdichtungskolbens 11. Eine weitere Möglichkeit, den Vorverdichtungsdruck zu steuern besteht darin, in einer Druckleitung 22 zum Vorverdichterkolben 11 einen Druckaufnehmer 21 vorzusehen, der ein dem Hydraulikdruck analoges Signal abgibt und damit die Druckquelle, beispielsweise eine Verstellpumpe 23 oder das Druckregelventil 20 ansteuert.The control unit 19 is connected on the output side to adjusting elements, in particular a control valve 20 and the feed motor 15. The control valve 20 controls the achievable pre-compression pressure of the pre-compression piston 11. A further possibility for controlling the pre-compression pressure is a pressure sensor 21 in a pressure line 22 to the pre-compression piston 11 To provide, which emits a signal analogous to the hydraulic pressure and thus controls the pressure source, for example a variable displacement pump 23 or the pressure control valve 20.

Der Wegaufnehmer 18 an dem Vorverdichterkolben 11 kann in vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung zugleich zur Verstellung des Vorverdichtungsdruckes die Zuführmenge der Zuführeinrichtung durch Variation der Einschaltdauer oder Drehzahl der Zuführschnecke 14 an das vorliegende Preßgut anpassen. Die Qualität und das Preßverhalten des jeweils vorliegenden Preßgutes wird dabei durch den Wegaufnehmer 18 erfaßt, in dem die gegen den Preßwiderstand des jeweiligen Preßgutes erreichbare Einpreßhöhe über die Meßleiste 18a und den Meßfühler 18b erfaßt wird. Je nach erreichter Preßhöhe in der Aufnahmekammer 10 kann somit die Zuführmenge durch Verkürzen oder Verlängern der Zuführzeit bzw. Zuführdrehzahl verändert werden. Ebenso kann alternativ oder Zugleich der Preßdruck des Vorverdichtungskolbens 11 z. B. bei schwerer zu verdichtendem Preßgut, wobei die Preßplatte 12 in ihrer Endstellung eine relativ hohe Endposition einnehmen kann, erhöht werden, um die angestrebte Endposition 12' in Fig. 1 zu erreichen, da damit die Aufnahmekammer 10 bündig mit der Bewegungsrichtung des Preßkolbens 4 abgeschlossen ist und somit keine zusätzlichen Scherkräfte auftreten.In an advantageous embodiment, the displacement transducer 18 on the pre-compression piston 11 can at the same time adapt the feed quantity of the feed device to the present pressed material by varying the duty cycle or speed of the feed screw 14 in order to adjust the pre-compression pressure. The quality and the pressing behavior of the respective pressing material is detected by the displacement transducer 18, in which the press-in height which can be achieved against the pressing resistance of the respective pressing material is detected via the measuring bar 18a and the sensor 18b. Depending on the pressing height reached in the receiving chamber 10, the feed quantity can thus be changed by shortening or lengthening the feed time or feed speed. Likewise, alternatively or at the same time, the pressure of the precompression piston 11 z. B. with more difficult to compress material to be pressed, the press plate 12 can assume a relatively high end position in its end position, to reach the desired end position 12 'in Fig. 1, since the receiving chamber 10 flush with the direction of movement of the plunger 4th is completed and therefore no additional shear forces occur.

Wird im nachfolgenden Hauptpreßhub durch das Wegmeßsystem 17 festgestellt, daß der Preßstößel 9 bzw. Preßkolben 4 aufgrund des anliegenden Druckes weit in die Formkammer 7 eindringen kann, und damit beispielsweise der hier rechts liegende Meßwertgeber des Wegaufnehmer 17 berührt wird, so wird durch Weiterleitung an das Steuergerät 19 und dadurch gesteuerter Vorpreßdruckerhöhung die Verdichtung des Vorpreßlings in der Aufnahmekammer 10 erhöht. Aus der Wegmessung lassen sich somit Rückschlüsse auf die Konsistenz bzw. Zusammensetzung des gerade verpressten Materials ziehen und damit die für eine gleichmäßige Brikettgröße nötigen Vorpreßdrücke bzw. Zuführmengen erhöhen bzw. absenken. Dies erfolgt in der vorher dargestellten Weise durch Erhöhung der Zuführmenge z. B. durch verlängerte Laufzeit des Zuführmotors 15 und/oder Erhöhung des Vorpreßdruckes des Vorverdichterkolbens 11 durch Verstellung des Regelventils 20. Durch den stärker verdichteten Vorpreßling in der Aufnahmekammer 10 wird dann im nächsten Preßhub des Preßkolbens 4 nur mehr die mittlere Position des Wegmeßsystems 17 erreicht, so daß das Vorderende des Preßstößels 9 mit der Stirnebene des Formkastens 7 abschließen würde und somit eine exakte Brikettgröße entsprechend dem Formkastenvolumen gebildet wird.If it is determined in the subsequent main press stroke by the displacement measuring system 17 that the ram 9 or the ram 4 can penetrate far into the molding chamber 7 due to the pressure present, and thus, for example, the transducer of the displacement transducer 17 on the right is touched, it is forwarded to the Control unit 19 and thereby controlled increase in the pre-compression increases the compression of the pre-compact in the receiving chamber 10. From the distance measurement, conclusions can be drawn as to the consistency or composition of the material that has just been pressed, and thus the pre-pressing pressures or feed quantities required for a uniform briquette size can be increased or decreased. This is done in the manner shown above by increasing the supply amount z. B. by prolonged running time of the feed motor 15 and / or increasing the pre-compression pressure of the pre-compression piston 11 by adjusting the control valve 20. The more compressed pre-compact in the receiving chamber 10 then only reaches the middle position of the displacement measuring system 17 in the next compression stroke of the compression piston 4, so that the front end of the press ram 9 would end with the end plane of the molding box 7, thus forming an exact briquette size corresponding to the volume of the molding box.

Somit kann bei Veränderungen des Preßgutes auch innerhalb einer Befüllung beispielsweise bei einer Mischung aus Holz- und Papierabfällen mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Preßverhalten, innerhalb des jeweils nächsten Preßhubes diese Veränderung augenblicklich ausgeglichen werden und somit sehr gleichmäßige Briketts hergestellt werden.Thus, when the material to be pressed changes within a filling, for example with a mixture of wood and paper waste with different pressing behavior, this change can be immediately compensated for within the next pressing stroke and thus very uniform briquettes can be produced.

Claims (6)

  1. A method for manufacturing form-stable briquets consisting of chip-, fibre-, dust- or leaf-shaped compressed material by means of a briquet press, wherein the material to be compressed is first fed to a pre-compressing piston (11) to be pre-compressed in a reception chamber (10) by a pre-pressing plate (12) of said piston (11) and is further compressed in a forming box (7) by a press piston (4) moved in a rectangular direction to said reception chamber (10),
    characterized in that
    there is measured the final position (12') reached by said pre-compressing piston (11) against the press resistance of the compressed material from said pressing plate (12) and the conveyed quantity and/or the pre-compressing pressure towards said reception chamber (10) is controlled depending on said measured final position (12').
  2. A briquet press for performing the method according to claim 1, containing a reception chamber (10) having pre-coupled thereto a pre-compressing chamber (10') supplied with material to be compressed by feeding means (13), from which pre-compressing chamber (10') a pre-compressing piston (11) having a pressing plate (12) presses the material to be compressed into said reception chamber (10), and containing a press piston (4) movable in a reciprocal manner in a vertical direction with respect to the movement of said pre-compressing piston (11), which press piston (4) further compresses the pre-compressed material to be compressed by displacing it from said reception chamber (10), and also containing an operation control for said pre-compressing and press piston (4, 11),
    characterized in that
    at said pre-compressing piston (11) there is provided a path detector (18) for detecting the final position (12') of said pre-pressing plate (12), which path detector (18) is connected to a control unit (19) being in connection with shifting members (20, 15) for the pre-compressing pressure of said pre-compressing piston (11) and the conveyed quantity of said feeding means (13), respectively.
  3. The briquet press of claim 2, characterized in that said shifting member (20) for the pre-compressing pressure is formed as a pressure receiver (21) in a pressure duct (22) of said pre-compressing piston (11) and is in connection with a pressure-control valve (20).
  4. The briquet press at least of claim 2, characterized in that said shifting member (15) for the conveyed quantity is formed as a timing switch for the conveying motor (15).
  5. The briquet press at least of claim 2, characterized in that said path detector (18) is formed in a continuous measuring manner.
  6. The briquet press at least of claim 2, characterized in that said path detector (18) is formed in a contactless measuring manner.
EP88118784A 1988-11-11 1988-11-11 Method for making briquets having dimensional stability and briquetting press for carrying out the method Expired - Lifetime EP0367859B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE88118784T DE3888183D1 (en) 1988-11-11 1988-11-11 Process for the production of dimensionally stable briquettes and briquetting press for carrying out the process.
EP88118784A EP0367859B1 (en) 1988-11-11 1988-11-11 Method for making briquets having dimensional stability and briquetting press for carrying out the method
ES88118784T ES2051817T3 (en) 1988-11-11 1988-11-11 PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRIQUETTES WITH STABILITY OF SHAPE AND PRESS OF AGGLOMERATES FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PROCEDURE.
AT88118784T ATE102123T1 (en) 1988-11-11 1988-11-11 PROCESS FOR PRODUCTION OF SHAPE-RESISTANT BRIQUETTES AND BRIQUETTE PRESS FOR CARRYING OUT THE PROCESS.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP88118784A EP0367859B1 (en) 1988-11-11 1988-11-11 Method for making briquets having dimensional stability and briquetting press for carrying out the method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0367859A1 EP0367859A1 (en) 1990-05-16
EP0367859B1 true EP0367859B1 (en) 1994-03-02

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ID=8199549

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88118784A Expired - Lifetime EP0367859B1 (en) 1988-11-11 1988-11-11 Method for making briquets having dimensional stability and briquetting press for carrying out the method

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EP (1) EP0367859B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE102123T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3888183D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2051817T3 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011066977A1 (en) 2009-12-03 2011-06-09 Ruf Gmbh & Co. Kg Briquetting press and the use thereof

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DE4039788A1 (en) * 1990-12-13 1992-06-17 Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR OPERATING A BRIQUETTING PRESS
JPH11347879A (en) * 1998-06-05 1999-12-21 Fuji Mach Mfg Co Ltd Chip compressing device
DE19917421C1 (en) 1999-04-19 2000-12-28 Svedala Lindemann Gmbh Process for briquetting metal chips and briquetting press
DE19927341A1 (en) * 1999-06-16 2001-01-11 Svedala Lindemann Gmbh Method for operating a briquetting press and briquetting press
DE102008038966B3 (en) * 2008-08-13 2009-08-06 Lanner Anlagenbau Gmbh Metal chip injection device for metal briquette, has press chamber provided downstream to preforming chamber, and paddle wheel provided for supplying metal chips in preforming chamber and local performing of chips
CA2749738C (en) 2010-08-23 2018-08-28 9177-4331 Quebec Inc. Method and mechanical press system for the generation of densified cylindrical briquettes
DE102013020319B4 (en) 2013-12-05 2016-05-25 Ulrich Bruhnke Process and plant for the production of billets
CN112606464A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-04-06 施继良 Hydraulic equipment for pressing scrap iron and copper scrap
CN114407421A (en) * 2021-12-29 2022-04-29 太重（天津）滨海重型机械有限公司 Intelligent feeding and extruding system and method for carbon extruder

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DE1584543C3 (en) * 1964-11-28 1979-04-05 Laeis-Werke Ag, 5500 Trier Control device on presses for the production of moldings of the same density and dimensions
DE3333766A1 (en) * 1983-09-19 1985-03-28 Hans 8939 Zaisertshofen Ruf Briquetting press
FR2578550B1 (en) * 1985-03-08 1987-05-29 Bonnet Robert PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRIQUETTES FROM COMPRESSIBLE ELEMENTS AND MACHINES FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE PROCESS

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011066977A1 (en) 2009-12-03 2011-06-09 Ruf Gmbh & Co. Kg Briquetting press and the use thereof
DE102009056546A1 (en) 2009-12-03 2011-06-09 Ruf Gmbh & Co. Kg briquetting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2051817T3 (en) 1994-07-01
ATE102123T1 (en) 1994-03-15
EP0367859A1 (en) 1990-05-16
DE3888183D1 (en) 1994-04-07

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