EP0364823B1 - Device for pneumatically dispensing concrete hydromechanically transported in a dense flow - Google Patents

Device for pneumatically dispensing concrete hydromechanically transported in a dense flow Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0364823B1
EP0364823B1 EP19890118477 EP89118477A EP0364823B1 EP 0364823 B1 EP0364823 B1 EP 0364823B1 EP 19890118477 EP19890118477 EP 19890118477 EP 89118477 A EP89118477 A EP 89118477A EP 0364823 B1 EP0364823 B1 EP 0364823B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive
piston
concrete
additive
metering device
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19890118477
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0364823A1 (en
Inventor
Joachim Dipl.-Ing. Coja
Karl-Ernst Dipl.-Ing. Von Eckardstein
Andrej Dipl.-Ing. Simnovec
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Friedrich Wilhelm Schwing GmbH
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Friedrich Wilhelm Schwing GmbH
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE3927332A external-priority patent/DE3927332C2/en
Application filed by Friedrich Wilhelm Schwing GmbH filed Critical Friedrich Wilhelm Schwing GmbH
Priority to AT89118477T priority Critical patent/ATE78900T1/en
Publication of EP0364823A1 publication Critical patent/EP0364823A1/en
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Publication of EP0364823B1 publication Critical patent/EP0364823B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B15/00—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04B15/02—Pumps adapted to handle specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts the fluids being viscous or non-homogeneous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
    • B28C7/16—Discharge means, e.g. with intermediate storage of fresh concrete
    • B28C7/162—Discharge means, e.g. with intermediate storage of fresh concrete by means of conveyors, other than those comprising skips or containers, e.g. endless belts, screws, air under pressure
    • B28C7/163—Discharge means, e.g. with intermediate storage of fresh concrete by means of conveyors, other than those comprising skips or containers, e.g. endless belts, screws, air under pressure using a pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B13/00—Pumps specially modified to deliver fixed or variable measured quantities
    • F04B13/02—Pumps specially modified to deliver fixed or variable measured quantities of two or more fluids at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B9/00—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members
    • F04B9/08—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid
    • F04B9/10—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid
    • F04B9/109—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers
    • F04B9/117—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers the pumping members not being mechanically connected to each other
    • F04B9/1176—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers the pumping members not being mechanically connected to each other the movement of each piston in one direction being obtained by a single-acting piston liquid motor
    • F04B9/1178—Piston machines or pumps characterised by the driving or driven means to or from their working members the means being fluid the fluid being liquid having plural pumping chambers the pumping members not being mechanically connected to each other the movement of each piston in one direction being obtained by a single-acting piston liquid motor the movement in the other direction being obtained by a hydraulic connection between the liquid motor cylinders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S417/00—Pumps
    • Y10S417/90—Slurry pumps, e.g. concrete
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2514—Self-proportioning flow systems
    • Y10T137/2516—Interconnected flow displacement elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the pneumatic application of concrete promoted hydromechanically in the dense stream according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the spraying of ready-mixed concrete thus made possible guarantees constant strength of the building material while maintaining a predetermined water-cement value with low energy consumption for the conveying air and the hydromechanical conveying.
  • the rebound losses are extremely low.
  • the dense phase flow enables large quantities of concrete to be spread, e.g. in tunnel and tunnel construction, in securing excavation embankments or similar Buildings are needed.
  • concrete pumps for spraying ready-mixed concrete allows the use of proven constructions that are low in wear and require little maintenance.
  • the flow rate can be between 4 cbm / h and 19 cbm / h.
  • Concrete pumps of this type are able to supply concrete with a rigid consistency hydromechanically to the spraying device, which is the prerequisite for high strength of the shotcrete.
  • the solidification accelerator must be added in a predetermined amount to the amount of concrete being conveyed and is usually liquid; for example, it is water glass. As a result of the pneumatic delivery of the solidification accelerator, it can be added to the dense stream of the concrete in atomized form. This makes it possible to help the smallest amounts of the solidification accelerator in the concrete to work.
  • the solidification accelerator can be atomized into the conveying air by means of atomizing nozzles before the conveying air is added in the dense stream of the concrete.
  • Such control is preferable to manual control of the amount of additive because it is automatic, i.e. works without the intervention of a human worker who must guide the mouthpiece from which the concrete emerges in the form of a broken spray. Because here one is dependent on the observation of the setting behavior of the poured concrete, as well as on the sense of proportion and the reaction speed of the worker concerned.
  • the invention is therefore based on a previously known device with automatic control of the solidification accelerator quantities which are added to the dense stream at every moment of the concrete delivery.
  • the default is adjustable.
  • the solidification accelerator is supported by a gear pump, which receives its kinetic energy from a drive which is switched on directly behind the pressure generator in the pressure medium line of the concrete pump and consists of a hydraulic motor. This hydraulic motor acts on the gear pump via a control gear.
  • a valve is installed in the delivery line leading the solidification accelerator, which is controlled on the one hand by hydraulic End position impulses of the drive pistons in the working cylinders of the concrete pump and, on the other hand, are actuated by a hydraulic working cylinder, which serves as a drive for the building material pusher, which reverses the delivery cylinders. This valve opens the way to the pumped solidification accelerator back into the storage tank and thus prevents the accelerator from being injected into the mouthpiece in the phases of the concrete pump that are free of building materials.
  • the previously known device does not work properly. This is mainly due to the components of the dosing device described.
  • the control gear described is often handled improperly, especially when it is operated at a standstill and reacts to it with faults and damage. Due to the design, high leakages occur in the lower speed range on the gear pump, which conveys the solidification accelerator, so that the proportionality of the quantities is no longer guaranteed.
  • the arrangement of the hydraulic gear pump drive makes the valve described necessary because pressure medium is also conveyed in the phases in which no building material is conveyed.
  • the object of the invention is to ensure reliable metering of the solidification accelerator in a device of the general configuration described at the beginning.
  • the invention arranges the drive of the metering devices at a point in the hydraulic working circuit of the concrete pump at which the hydraulic working medium is displaced by the latter when the drive piston moves. This ensures that the drive of the metering device only releases kinetic energy when the pump cylinder is working, that is, when building material is actually being conveyed. Since the swallowing quantities of the reciprocating piston drive of the metering device are added to the amount of medium flowing in the displacement circuit, the synchronous function of the working pistons of the concrete pump remains unchanged, but the deflection of the drive of the metering device corresponds in each phase to the promotion of the position of the drive pistons. Therefore, in spite of the simplification associated with the reciprocating piston drive of the metering device, no complicated control gear is required.
  • the invention makes use of the possibilities opened by a linear piston drive that can be provided for the metering device.
  • This is a drive cylinder for the linearly movable piston, which works on a piston rod led out of both cylinder covers.
  • the amount of swallowing is the same in both directions of piston movement and can therefore absorb the same amount of swallowing regardless of the direction of piston movement.
  • Such a linear piston drive can also be used in a simple manner to replace the gear pump by a more appropriate metering device. This is reflected in claim 3.
  • the drive of the metering device and its pump are the same system, so that there is a simple connection of both devices.
  • the features of claim 4 allow a mechanical transmission to be used between the devices of the same system, with which the amounts of admixture that result for the respective concrete can be fixed. This is done via a crank arm, to which one of the two system-like devices is connected with an adjustable slide.
  • the concrete pump (1) shown in FIG. 1 only with its essential parts conveys concrete (2) into a nozzle pipe (3) through a dense stream Hose connection (4) too.
  • the nozzle pipe (3) penetrates a pipe cover and ends at a spray nozzle (5).
  • Compressed air is supplied in the direction of arrow (6), which entrains the atomized additive.
  • the additive reaches the nozzle through a nipple (7) from a line (8).
  • the additive atomized by the nozzle is suspended in the conveying air when it encounters the dense stream of concrete (2) at (9), which is thereby broken up and under pressure from the nozzle (10) of the pipe (3) in a broken jet ( 11) emerges.
  • the concrete pump (1) conveys the concrete with two delivery cylinders (12, 14) with the aid of pistons (15, 16), which alternately suck in the concrete (piston 15) and press it out through a swivel tube (17) (piston 16).
  • the swivel tube connects the two cylinders (12, 14) to the delivery line and is reversed in the respective end position of the pistons. This is done hydraulically with pistons (18, 19) in working cylinders (20, 21) which are acted upon by lines (22, 23) with hydraulic pressure medium.
  • the control sits in a block (24).
  • the two lines (29, 30) act on the full piston side, which are switched with the controller (24).
  • the synchronism of the pistons (27 and 28) is ensured by a displacement circuit (31) which is connected to the working cylinders (25, 26) on the piston rod side.
  • the displacement circuit thus contains the hydraulic working medium displaced from the respective cylinder (25, 26) by a leading drive piston (27, 28) and feeds it to the adjacent piston.
  • the two lines (32, 33) come out of the displacement circuit (31) and act on the cylinder spaces (35, 36), which are separated from one another by a linear piston (34), with hydraulic pressure medium which is added to the displaced amount.
  • the piston rod (37) connected to the displacer piston (34) ensures cylinder spaces (35, 36) of the same volume, so that the reciprocating movement of the displacer piston in the direction of the arrow (13) is ensured in both directions.
  • the piston rod (37) is connected with an adjustable slide (38) to a crank arm (39), the linkage (40) of which is fixed to the frame is shown at (41).
  • the swing-fixed linkage (42) of a piston rod (43) of a further linear piston (44) is located between the slide (38) and the linkage (40). This serves to promote liquid solidification accelerator (45) from a tank (46).
  • the feed cylinder (47) is acted upon on both sides by line branches which are provided with check valves. They correspond to branches with check valves of the delivery line (48), which leads to a directional valve (49).
  • the directional control valve is loaded on one side with a return spring (50) and is acted upon on the other side via a line (51) which reflects the respective pressure in the piston chambers (52, 53) of the working cylinders (25, 26).
  • Check valves (54, 55) in the branches of the line (51) ensure that the transfer of hydraulic working fluid from one to the other of the cylinder spaces (52, 53) is avoided.
  • the hydraulic pressure generator (73) for the hydraulic working medium (75) of the concrete pump (1) kept ready in a tank (74) is connected upstream of the control (24), which also influences a return line (76).
  • the setting of the slide (38) specifies the deflection of the crank arm (39) and thereby determines the amount of solidification accelerator displaced from the cylinder (47) by the linear piston (44). By adjusting the slide (38) with the aid of a spindle (59) this amount can be changed and thus adjusted to the respective concrete delivery rate.
  • a piston rod (60, 61) is articulated at (42) on the rocker (39). These piston rods are moved in opposite directions as soon as the rocker (39) is driven according to the arrow.
  • the metering pistons (62, 63) connected to the piston rods (60 and 61) run in single-acting metering cylinders (64, 65), analogous to the conditions of the arrangement of the linear piston (44) (see above), the solidification accelerator via valves secured with non-return valves Remove the suction lines (66, 67) from the tank (46) and feed the solidification accelerator to the line (8) via the directional control valve (49) via branches secured with non-illustrated check valves.
  • the piston rod sides of the cylinders (64, 65), on the other hand, are supplied with water from a storage tank (68) via line branches (69 and 70), which are secured with check valves.
  • line branches of a waste water line (71) are acted on, in which check valves ensure that no waste water can be drawn in. In this way, caking of the setting accelerator, which tends to this, is prevented.
  • a shut-off valve (72) is installed, which enables the displacement piston (34) to be driven via the branches (32, 33) in the closed, blocked state, and which in the open state Branches (32, 33) short-circuits and a pressure to drive the displacer (34) cannot build up, which means that the additive is not conveyed out of the tank (46).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum pneumatischen Ausbringen von hydromechanisch im Dichtstrom gefördertem Beton gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to a device for the pneumatic application of concrete promoted hydromechanically in the dense stream according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Das damit ermöglichte Spritzen von fertig gemischtem Beton gewährleistet unter Einhaltung eines vorgegebenen Wasser-Zementwertes konstante Festigkeiten des Baustoffes bei geringem Energieverbrauch für die Förderluft und die hydromechanische Förderung. Infolge des Erstarrungsbeschleunigerzusatzes sind die Rückprallverluste außerordentlich gering. Im Gegensatz zur pneumatischen Förderung von trockenem oder angefeuchteten Baustoff tritt praktisch keine Staubentwicklung aus dem Baustoff auf. Die Dichtstromförderung ermöglicht das Ausbringen großer Betonfördermengen, wie sie z.B. im Tunnel- und Stollenbau, bei der Sicherung von Baugrubenböschungen o.ä. Bauwerken benötigt werden.The spraying of ready-mixed concrete thus made possible guarantees constant strength of the building material while maintaining a predetermined water-cement value with low energy consumption for the conveying air and the hydromechanical conveying. As a result of the addition of the solidification accelerator, the rebound losses are extremely low. In contrast to the pneumatic conveyance of dry or moistened building material, there is practically no dust development from the building material. The dense phase flow enables large quantities of concrete to be spread, e.g. in tunnel and tunnel construction, in securing excavation embankments or similar Buildings are needed.

Der Einsatz von Betonpumpen für das Verspritzen von fertig gemischtem Beton gestattet die Verwendung bewährter Konstruktionen, welche verschleiß- und wartungsarm sind. Hierbei handelt es sich in aller Regel um Zweizylinderkolbenpumpen, welche infolge ihres hydraulischen Antriebes die angestrebten großen Fördermengen und eine Regelung der jeweils ausgebrachten Baustoffmenge gestatten. Beispielsweise kann die Fördermenge zwischen 4 cbm/h und 19 cbm/h liegen. Betonpumpen dieser Art sind in der Lage, Beton mit steifer Konsistenz hydromechanisch der Spritzeinrichtung zuzuführen, was die Voraussetzung für hohe Festigkeiten des Spritzbetons bildet.The use of concrete pumps for spraying ready-mixed concrete allows the use of proven constructions that are low in wear and require little maintenance. As a rule, these are two-cylinder piston pumps which, due to their hydraulic drive, achieve the desired large delivery rates and allow regulation of the amount of building material used. For example, the flow rate can be between 4 cbm / h and 19 cbm / h. Concrete pumps of this type are able to supply concrete with a rigid consistency hydromechanically to the spraying device, which is the prerequisite for high strength of the shotcrete.

Der Erstarrungsbeschleuniger muß in einer vorgegebenen Menge der jeweils geförderten Betonmenge zugesetzt werden und ist gewöhnlich flüssig; z.B. handelt es sich um Wasserglas. Infolge der pneumatischen Zuförderung des Erstarrungsbeschleunigers kann dieser in zerstäubter Form dem Dichtstrom des Betons zugesetzt werden. Dadurch ist es möglich, geringsten Mengen des Erstarrungsbeschleunigers im Beton zur Wirkung zu verhelfen. Die Zerstäubung des Erstarrungsbeschleunigers in die Förderluft läßt sich durch Zerstäuberdüsen bewirken, bevor die Förderluft im Dichtstrom des Betons zugesetzt wird. Indem man den Antrieb der hauptsächlich aus einer Pumpe bestehenden Dosiereinrichtung in den hydraulischen Kreislauf des Betonpumpenantriebes einschaltet, erreicht man eine Steuerung der geförderten Erstarrungsbeschleunigermengen, deren Führungsgröße die jeweils durchgesetzte Menge des hydraulischen Mediums im Betonpumpenantrieb ist, so daß bei der Förderung der jeweiligen Betonfördermenge auch die Zusatzmittelmengen entsprechend der Vorgabe zugesetzt werden, welche ein bestimmtes Verhältnis von Betonfördermenge und Erstarrungsbeschleuniger beinhaltet.The solidification accelerator must be added in a predetermined amount to the amount of concrete being conveyed and is usually liquid; for example, it is water glass. As a result of the pneumatic delivery of the solidification accelerator, it can be added to the dense stream of the concrete in atomized form. This makes it possible to help the smallest amounts of the solidification accelerator in the concrete to work. The solidification accelerator can be atomized into the conveying air by means of atomizing nozzles before the conveying air is added in the dense stream of the concrete. By switching on the drive of the metering device, which mainly consists of a pump, in the hydraulic circuit of the concrete pump drive, a control of the delivered solidification accelerator quantities is achieved, the reference variable of which is the quantity of hydraulic medium in the concrete pump drive, so that when the respective concrete delivery quantity is conveyed, that too Additive quantities added according to the specification which contains a specific ratio of the concrete delivery rate and the solidification accelerator.

Eine solche Steuerung ist der Handregelung der Zusatzmittelmenge vorzuziehen, weil sie automatisch, d.h. ohne den Eingriff einer menschlichen Arbeitskraft funktioniert, welche das Mundstück führen muß, aus dem der Beton in Form eines aufgebrochenen Spritzstrahles austritt. Denn hierbei ist man von der Beobachtung des Erstarrungsverhaltens des ausgebrachten Betons, sowie von dem Augenmaß und der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit der betreffenden Arbeitskraft abhängig.Such control is preferable to manual control of the amount of additive because it is automatic, i.e. works without the intervention of a human worker who must guide the mouthpiece from which the concrete emerges in the form of a broken spray. Because here one is dependent on the observation of the setting behavior of the poured concrete, as well as on the sense of proportion and the reaction speed of the worker concerned.

Die Erfindung geht daher von einer vorbekannten Vorrichtung mit automatischer Steuerung der Erstarrungsbeschleunigermengen aus, welche dem Dichtstrom in jedem Augenblick der Betonförderung zugesetzt werden. Hierbei ist die Vorgabe einstellbar. Der Erstarrungsbeschleuniger wird von einer Zahnradpumpe gefördert, die ihre Bewegungsenergie von einem Antrieb erhält, welcher unmittelbar hinter dem Druckerzeuger in die Druckmittelleitung der Betonpumpe eingeschaltet ist und aus einem Hydraulikmotor besteht. Dieser hydraulische Motor wirkt über ein Regelgetriebe auf die Zahnradpumpe. In die den Erstarrungsbeschleuniger führende Förderleitung ist ein Ventil eingebaut, welches einerseits über hydraulische Endlagenimpulse der Antriebskolben in den Arbeitszylindern der Betonpumpe und andererseits von einem hydraulischen Arbeitszylinder betätigt wird, der als Antrieb für den Baustoffschieber dient, welcher die Förderzylinder umsteuert. Dieses Ventil öffnet dem geförderten Erstarrungsbeschleuniger den Weg zurück in den Vorratstank und verhindert dadurch in den baustofförderungsfreien Phasen der Betonpumpe die Eindüsung des Beschleunigers in das Mundstück.The invention is therefore based on a previously known device with automatic control of the solidification accelerator quantities which are added to the dense stream at every moment of the concrete delivery. The default is adjustable. The solidification accelerator is supported by a gear pump, which receives its kinetic energy from a drive which is switched on directly behind the pressure generator in the pressure medium line of the concrete pump and consists of a hydraulic motor. This hydraulic motor acts on the gear pump via a control gear. A valve is installed in the delivery line leading the solidification accelerator, which is controlled on the one hand by hydraulic End position impulses of the drive pistons in the working cylinders of the concrete pump and, on the other hand, are actuated by a hydraulic working cylinder, which serves as a drive for the building material pusher, which reverses the delivery cylinders. This valve opens the way to the pumped solidification accelerator back into the storage tank and thus prevents the accelerator from being injected into the mouthpiece in the phases of the concrete pump that are free of building materials.

Die vorbekannte Einrichtung arbeitet allerdings nicht einwandfrei. Das liegt vor allem an den beschriebenen Komponenten der Dosiereinrichtung. Denn das beschriebene Regelgetriebe wird häufig unsachgemäß behandelt, insbesondere wenn es im Stillstand betätigt wird und reagiert hierauf mit Störungen und Schäden. An der Zahnradpumpe, welche den Erstarrungsbeschleuniger fördert, treten konstruktionsbedingt im unteren Drehzahlbereich hohe Leckagen auf, so daß die Proportionalität der Mengen nicht mehr gewährleistet ist. Die Anordnung des hydraulischen Zahnradpumpenantriebes macht das beschriebene Ventil erforderlich, weil Druckmittel auch in den Phasen gefördert wird, in denen keine Baustofförderung stattfindet.However, the previously known device does not work properly. This is mainly due to the components of the dosing device described. The control gear described is often handled improperly, especially when it is operated at a standstill and reacts to it with faults and damage. Due to the design, high leakages occur in the lower speed range on the gear pump, which conveys the solidification accelerator, so that the proportionality of the quantities is no longer guaranteed. The arrangement of the hydraulic gear pump drive makes the valve described necessary because pressure medium is also conveyed in the phases in which no building material is conveyed.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine zuverlässige Dosierung des Erstarrungsbeschleunigers bei einer Vorrichtung des eingangs beschriebenen allgemeinen Ausbaus zu gewährleisten.The object of the invention is to ensure reliable metering of the solidification accelerator in a device of the general configuration described at the beginning.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.According to the invention, this object is achieved with the features of claim 1. Further features of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung ordnet den Antrieb der Dosiereinrichtungen an einer Stelle des hydraulischen Arbeitskreises der Betonpumpe an, an der, bei der Bewegung des Antriebskolbens das hydraulische Arbeitsmedium von diesem verdrängt wird. Dadurch ist gewährleistet, daß der Antrieb der Dosiereinrichtung nur dann Bewegungsenergie abgibt, wenn der Pumpenzylinder arbeitet, also wenn eine Baustoffförderung tatsächlich stattfindet. Da die Schluckmengen des hin- und hergehenden Kolbenantriebes der Dosiereinrichtung der im Verdrängerkreis fließenden Mediummenge hinzugefügt ist, bleibt die Gleichlauffunktion der Arbeitskolben der Betonpumpe unverändert, jedoch entspricht die Auslenkung des Antriebes der Dosiereinrichtung in jeder Phase der Förderung der Stellung der Antriebskolben. Deshalb benötigt man trotz der mit dem hin- und hergehenden Kolbenantrieb der Dosiereinrichtung verbundenen Vereinfachung kein kompliziertes Regelgetriebe.The invention arranges the drive of the metering devices at a point in the hydraulic working circuit of the concrete pump at which the hydraulic working medium is displaced by the latter when the drive piston moves. This ensures that the drive of the metering device only releases kinetic energy when the pump cylinder is working, that is, when building material is actually being conveyed. Since the swallowing quantities of the reciprocating piston drive of the metering device are added to the amount of medium flowing in the displacement circuit, the synchronous function of the working pistons of the concrete pump remains unchanged, but the deflection of the drive of the metering device corresponds in each phase to the promotion of the position of the drive pistons. Therefore, in spite of the simplification associated with the reciprocating piston drive of the metering device, no complicated control gear is required.

Vorzugsweise und gemäß dem Patentanspruch 2 macht die Erfindung von den Möglichkeiten Gebrauch, welche ein Linearkolbenantrieb eröffnet, der für die Dosiereinrichtung vorgesehen werden kann. Hierbei handelt es sich um einen Antriebszylinder für den linear beweglichen Kolben, der auf eine aus beiden Zylinderdeckeln herausgeführte Kolbenstange arbeitet. Dadurch ist die Schluckmenge in beiden Kolbenbewegungsrichtungen gleich und kann deswegen unabhängig von der Kolbenbewegungsrichtung die gleichen Schluckmengen aufnehmen.Preferably and according to claim 2, the invention makes use of the possibilities opened by a linear piston drive that can be provided for the metering device. This is a drive cylinder for the linearly movable piston, which works on a piston rod led out of both cylinder covers. As a result, the amount of swallowing is the same in both directions of piston movement and can therefore absorb the same amount of swallowing regardless of the direction of piston movement.

Ein solcher Linearkolbenantrieb kann auf einfache Weise ferner dazu verwendet werden, die Zahnradpumpe durch eine zweckmäßigere Dosiereinrichtung zu ersetzen. Das ist im Anspruch 3 wiedergegeben. Dabei sind der Antrieb der Dosiereinrichtung und dessen Pumpe systemgleich, so daß sich eine einfache Verbindung beider Vorrichtungen ergibt.Such a linear piston drive can also be used in a simple manner to replace the gear pump by a more appropriate metering device. This is reflected in claim 3. The drive of the metering device and its pump are the same system, so that there is a simple connection of both devices.

Insbesondere bei dieser Ausführungsform der Erfindung gestatten es die Merkmale des Anspruches 4, ein mechanisches Getriebe zwischen den systemgleichen Vorrichtungen einzusetzen, mit dem die Zusatzmittelmengen fest eingestellt werden können, die sich für den jeweiligen Beton ergeben. Das geschieht über eine Kurbelschwinge, an die eine der beiden systemgleichen Vorrichtungen mit einem einstellbaren Schieber angeschlossen ist.In particular in this embodiment of the invention, the features of claim 4 allow a mechanical transmission to be used between the devices of the same system, with which the amounts of admixture that result for the respective concrete can be fixed. This is done via a crank arm, to which one of the two system-like devices is connected with an adjustable slide.

Bislang war es auch nicht möglich, den volumetrischen Wirkungsgrad der Betonförderung bei der einzudüsenden Zusatzmittelmenge zu berücksichtigen. Dieser ist bedingt durch die Kompressibilität des Betons, die ihrerseits eine Folge der Lufteinschlüsse ist, die sich im Beton nicht vermeiden lassen. Dadurch wird beim Vorlauf des Betonpumpenkolbens eine Betonfördermenge vorgetäuscht, bis die Kompressibilität der Zylinderfüllung erschöpft ist. Würde man das nicht berücksichtigen, so ergäbe sich erneut ein Dosierfehler, welcher sich nachteilig auf die Betonqualität auswirkt.So far, it has not been possible to take the volumetric efficiency of the concrete delivery into account for the amount of admixture to be injected. This is due to the compressibility of the concrete, which in turn is a result of the air pockets that cannot be avoided in the concrete. As a result, a concrete delivery rate is simulated during the advance of the concrete pump piston until the compressibility of the cylinder filling is exhausted. If this were not taken into account, there would again be a metering error, which has a negative impact on the quality of the concrete.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird das mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 5 verhindert. Wenn man nämlich die Zusatzmittelförderung erst bei Erreichen eines Mindestdruckes im Verdrängerkreis des Arbeitsmediums der Betonpumpe mit dem Wegeventil öffnet, sonst aber das Zusatzmittel in den Tank zurückströmen läßt, berücksichtigt man den Druckanstieg im Förderzylinder, der der Bewegung der Betonsäule vorausgeht. Dadurch wird verhindert, daß Zusatzmittel zerstäubt aus dem Baustoffaustrag der Spritzeinrichtung austreten kann, das nicht nur überschüssig ist, sondern beim Auftreffen auf den bereits aufgetragenen Beton diesen austrocknet und außerdem noch die in der Umgebung befindlichen Personen gefährdet.According to the invention this is prevented with the features of claim 5. If you only open the additive delivery when a minimum pressure is reached in the displacement circuit of the working medium of the concrete pump with the directional control valve, but otherwise let the additive flow back into the tank, you take into account the pressure increase in the delivery cylinder that precedes the movement of the concrete column. This prevents the additive from spraying out of the building material discharge of the spraying device, which is not only excess, but also dries out when it hits the already applied concrete and also that in the Surrounding people at risk.

Die meisten Zusatzmittel, welche als Erstarrungsmittelbeschleuniger in Betracht kommen, neigen zum Aufbau von Anbackungen auf den mit ihnen in Berührung kommenden Teilen. Das wirkt sich störend insbesondere auf den Wänden der Zylinder aus, die das Zusatzmittel fördern. Deswegen ist die Verwirklichung der Merkmale des Patentanspruches 6 zweckmäßig, weil dabei eine ständige Abspülung und damit Verdünnung des Zusatzmittels mit Wasser erreicht wird wo Anbackungen drohen.Most additives that can be considered as solidification accelerators tend to build up caking on the parts that come into contact with them. This has a particularly disruptive effect on the walls of the cylinders which convey the additive. Therefore, the realization of the features of claim 6 is useful, because a constant rinsing and thus dilution of the additive is achieved with water where there is a risk of caking.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von zwei Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, die im Prinzip in der Zeichnung wiedergegeben sind; es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 eine erste Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der die Betonpumpe und die Spritzeinrichtung wiedergegeben sind und
  • Fig. 2 eine zweite Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der die zuletzt genannten Baugruppen weggelassen sind.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to two exemplary embodiments, which are shown in principle in the drawing; show it
  • Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention, in which the concrete pump and the spraying device are shown and
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention, in which the latter modules are omitted.

Die in Fig. 1 nur mit ihren wesentlichen Teilen wiedergegebene, an sich bekannte Betonpumpe (1) fördert im Dichtstrom Beton (2) in ein Düsenrohr (3) durch einen Schlauchanschluß (4) zu. Das Düsenrohr (3) durchdringt einen Rohrdeckel und endet an einer Spritzdüse (5). In Richtung des Pfeiles (6) wird Druckluft zugeführt, die das zerstäubte Zusatzmittel mitreißt. Das Zusatzmittel erreicht die Düse durch einen Nippel (7) aus einer Leitung (8). Das von der Düse zerstäubte Zusatzmittel ist in der Förderluft suspendiert, wenn diese bei (9) auf den Dichtstrom des Betons (2) trifft, der dadurch aufgebrochen wird und unter Druck aus der Düse (10) des Rohres (3) in aufgebrochenem Strahl (11) austritt.The concrete pump (1) shown in FIG. 1 only with its essential parts conveys concrete (2) into a nozzle pipe (3) through a dense stream Hose connection (4) too. The nozzle pipe (3) penetrates a pipe cover and ends at a spray nozzle (5). Compressed air is supplied in the direction of arrow (6), which entrains the atomized additive. The additive reaches the nozzle through a nipple (7) from a line (8). The additive atomized by the nozzle is suspended in the conveying air when it encounters the dense stream of concrete (2) at (9), which is thereby broken up and under pressure from the nozzle (10) of the pipe (3) in a broken jet ( 11) emerges.

Die Betonpumpe (1) fördert den Beton mit zwei Förderzylindern (12, 14) mit Hilfe von Kolben (15, 16), die den den Beton wechselseitig ansaugen (Kolben 15) und durch ein Schwenkrohr (17) ausdrücken (Kolben 16). Das Schwenkrohr verbindet die beiden Zylinder (12, 14) mit der Förderleitung und wird in der jeweiligen Endlage der Kolben umgesteuert. Das geschieht hydraulisch mit Kolben (18, 19) in Arbeitszylindern (20, 21), die aus Leitungen (22, 23) mit hydraulischem Druckmittel beaufschlagt werden. Die Steuerung sitzt in einem Block (24).The concrete pump (1) conveys the concrete with two delivery cylinders (12, 14) with the aid of pistons (15, 16), which alternately suck in the concrete (piston 15) and press it out through a swivel tube (17) (piston 16). The swivel tube connects the two cylinders (12, 14) to the delivery line and is reversed in the respective end position of the pistons. This is done hydraulically with pistons (18, 19) in working cylinders (20, 21) which are acted upon by lines (22, 23) with hydraulic pressure medium. The control sits in a block (24).

Zum Antrieb der Kolben (15 und 16) über deren Kolbenstangen dienen hydraulische Arbeitszylinder (25, 26), in denen die Antriebskolben (27, 28) wechselseitig hin- und hergehen. Die Beaufschlagung erfolgt auf der vollen Kolbenseite aus den beiden Leitungen (29, 30), welche mit der Steuerung (24) umgeschaltet werden. Den Gleichlauf der Kolben (27 und 28) sichert ein Verdrängerkreis (31), welcher an die Arbeitszylinder (25, 26) an der Kolbenstangenseite angeschlossen ist. Der Verdrängerkreis enthält damit das jeweils von einem vorlaufenden Antriebskolben (27, 28) aus dem betreffenden Zylinder (25, 26) verdrängte hydraulische Arbeitsmedium und führt es dem benachbarten Kolben zu.Hydraulic working cylinders (25, 26), in which the drive pistons (27, 28) reciprocate, are used to drive the pistons (15 and 16) via their piston rods. The two lines (29, 30) act on the full piston side, which are switched with the controller (24). The synchronism of the pistons (27 and 28) is ensured by a displacement circuit (31) which is connected to the working cylinders (25, 26) on the piston rod side. The displacement circuit thus contains the hydraulic working medium displaced from the respective cylinder (25, 26) by a leading drive piston (27, 28) and feeds it to the adjacent piston.

Aus dem Verdrängerkreis (31) gehen die beiden Leitungen (32, 33) ab, welche die durch einen Linearkolben (34) voneinander abgetrennten Zylinderräume (35, 36) mit hydraulischem Druckmedium beaufschlagen, das der jeweils verdrängten Menge hinzugefügt ist. Die mit dem Verdrängerkolben (34) verbundene Kolbenstange (37) gewährleistet volumengleiche Zylinderräume (35, 36), so daß die hin- und hergehende Bewegung des Verdrängerkolbens in Richtung des Pfeiles (13) in beiden Richtungen gewährleistet ist.The two lines (32, 33) come out of the displacement circuit (31) and act on the cylinder spaces (35, 36), which are separated from one another by a linear piston (34), with hydraulic pressure medium which is added to the displaced amount. The piston rod (37) connected to the displacer piston (34) ensures cylinder spaces (35, 36) of the same volume, so that the reciprocating movement of the displacer piston in the direction of the arrow (13) is ensured in both directions.

Die Kolbenstange (37) ist mit einem einstellbaren Schieber (38) an eine Kurbelschwinge (39) angeschlossen, deren gestellfeste Anlenkung (40) bei (41) gezeichnet ist. Zwischen dem Schieber (38) und der Anlenkung (40) befindet sich die schwingenfeste Anlenkung (42) einer Kolbenstange (43) eines weiteren Linearkolbens (44). Dieser dient zur Förderung von flüssigem Erstarrungsbeschleuniger (45) aus einem Tank (46). Der Förderzylinder (47) wird auf beiden Seiten durch Leitungszweige beaufschlagt, die mit Rückschlagventilen versehen sind. Ihnen entsprechen Abzweige mit Rückschlagventilen der Förderleitung (48), die zu einem Wegeventil (49) führt. Das Wegeventil ist auf einer Seite mit einer Rückstellfeder (50) belastet und wird auf der anderen Seite über eine Leitung (51) beaufschlagt, die den jeweiligen Druck in den Kolbenräumen (52, 53) der Arbeitszylinder (25, 26) wiedergibt. Rückschlagventile (54, 55) in den Zweigen der Leitung (51) sorgen dafür, daß der Übertritt von hydraulischem Arbeitsmedium von dem einen in den anderen der Zylinderräume (52, 53) vermieden wird.The piston rod (37) is connected with an adjustable slide (38) to a crank arm (39), the linkage (40) of which is fixed to the frame is shown at (41). The swing-fixed linkage (42) of a piston rod (43) of a further linear piston (44) is located between the slide (38) and the linkage (40). This serves to promote liquid solidification accelerator (45) from a tank (46). The feed cylinder (47) is acted upon on both sides by line branches which are provided with check valves. They correspond to branches with check valves of the delivery line (48), which leads to a directional valve (49). The directional control valve is loaded on one side with a return spring (50) and is acted upon on the other side via a line (51) which reflects the respective pressure in the piston chambers (52, 53) of the working cylinders (25, 26). Check valves (54, 55) in the branches of the line (51) ensure that the transfer of hydraulic working fluid from one to the other of the cylinder spaces (52, 53) is avoided.

Der hydraulische Druckerzeuger (73) für das in einem Tank (74) bereitgehaltene hydraulische Arbeitsmedium (75) der Betonpumpe (1) ist der Steuerung (24) vorgeschaltet, die auch eine Rücklaufleitung (76) beeinflußt.The hydraulic pressure generator (73) for the hydraulic working medium (75) of the concrete pump (1) kept ready in a tank (74) is connected upstream of the control (24), which also influences a return line (76).

In der wiedergegebenen Stellung des Wegeventils (49) verläuft die Zusatzmittelförderung aus dem Tank (46) durch den Zylinder (47) zurück in den Tank (46), wobei angenommen ist, daß ein Gesamtraum (56) im Betonförderzylinder (12) kompressibel ist. Sobald sich die im Förderzylinder (12) befindliche Betonsäule (77) in Bewegung gesetzt hat, steigt der Druck im Zylinderraum (52) so weit an, daß er das Rückschlagventil (54) öffnet und das Wegeventil (49) beaufschlagt, wodurch die Feder (50) nachgibt und der Weg des Zusatzmittels in die Leitung (8) über den Zweig (57) freigegeben ist, wobei das Ventil (58) einen Mindestdruck in der Leitung (8) vorgibt. In diesem Fall wird der Erstarrungsbeschleuniger durch die Leitung (8) und den Anschluß (7) der Spritzdrüse (5) zugefördert und mit der Förderluft (6) zerstäubt. Gleichzeitig wird Beton durch den Anschluß (2) des Düsenrohres (3) gefördert.In the position of the directional control valve (49) shown, the additive delivery from the tank (46) through the cylinder (47) back into the tank (46), it being assumed that an entire space (56) in the concrete delivery cylinder (12) is compressible. As soon as the concrete column (77) located in the feed cylinder (12) has started to move, the pressure in the cylinder space increases (52) so far that it opens the check valve (54) and acts on the directional control valve (49), whereby the spring (50) yields and the path of the additive into the line (8) via the branch (57) is released, wherein the valve (58) specifies a minimum pressure in the line (8). In this case, the solidification accelerator is fed through the line (8) and the connection (7) to the spray gland (5) and atomized with the conveying air (6). At the same time, concrete is conveyed through the connection (2) of the nozzle pipe (3).

Die Einstellung des Schiebers (38) gibt die Auslenkung der Kurbelschwinge (39) vor und bestimmt dadurch die vom Linearkolben (44) aus dem Zylinder (47) verdrängte Menge an Erstarrungsbeschleuniger. Durch Verstellung des Schiebers (38) mit Hilfe einer Spindel (59) läßt sich diese Menge ändern und damit auf die jeweilige Betonfördermenge einstellen.The setting of the slide (38) specifies the deflection of the crank arm (39) and thereby determines the amount of solidification accelerator displaced from the cylinder (47) by the linear piston (44). By adjusting the slide (38) with the aid of a spindle (59) this amount can be changed and thus adjusted to the respective concrete delivery rate.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 2 ist an die Schwinge (39) je eine Kolbenstange (60, 61) bei (42) angelenkt. Diese Kolbenstangen sind gegenläufig bewegt, sobald die Schwinge (39) entsprechend dem Pfeil angetrieben ist. Die mit den Kolbenstangen (60 und 61) verbundenen Dosierkolben (62, 63) laufen in einfach wirkenden Dosierzylindern (64, 65), analog den Verhältnissen der Anordnung des Linearkolbens (44) (siehe oben) den Erstarrungsbeschleuniger über mit Rückschlagventilen gesicherten Saugleitungen (66, 67) dem Tank (46) entnehmen und über mit nicht dargestellten Rückschlagventilen gesicherten Abzweigen den Erstarrungsbeschleuniger über das Wegeventil (49) der Leitung (8) zuführen.In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, a piston rod (60, 61) is articulated at (42) on the rocker (39). These piston rods are moved in opposite directions as soon as the rocker (39) is driven according to the arrow. The metering pistons (62, 63) connected to the piston rods (60 and 61) run in single-acting metering cylinders (64, 65), analogous to the conditions of the arrangement of the linear piston (44) (see above), the solidification accelerator via valves secured with non-return valves Remove the suction lines (66, 67) from the tank (46) and feed the solidification accelerator to the line (8) via the directional control valve (49) via branches secured with non-illustrated check valves.

Die Kolbenstangenseiten der Zylinder (64, 65) sind dagegen mit Wasser aus einem Vorratstank (68) über Leitungszweige (69 und 70) beaufschlagt, welche mit Rückschlagventilen abgesichert sind. Beim Kolbenrücklauf werden Leitungszweige einer Abwasserleitung (71) beaufschlagt, in denen Rückschlagventile dafür sorgen, daß kein Abwasser angesaugt werden kann. Auf diese Weise werden Anbackungen des dazu neigenden Abbindebeschleunigers verhindert.The piston rod sides of the cylinders (64, 65), on the other hand, are supplied with water from a storage tank (68) via line branches (69 and 70), which are secured with check valves. When the piston returns, line branches of a waste water line (71) are acted on, in which check valves ensure that no waste water can be drawn in. In this way, caking of the setting accelerator, which tends to this, is prevented.

In einem Abzweig des Verdrängerkreises (31) ist außer den Zweigen (32, 33) ein Absperrhahn (72) eingebaut, der im geschlossenen blockierten Zustand über die Zweige (32, 33) den Antrieb des Verdrängerkolbens (34) ermöglicht und im geöffneten Zustand die Abzweige (32, 33) kurzschließt und ein Druck zum Antrieb des Verdrängerkolbens (34) sich nicht aufbauen kann, was zur Folge hat, daß keine Förderung des Zusatzmittels aus dem Tank (46) erfolgt.In a branch of the displacement circuit (31), in addition to the branches (32, 33), a shut-off valve (72) is installed, which enables the displacement piston (34) to be driven via the branches (32, 33) in the closed, blocked state, and which in the open state Branches (32, 33) short-circuits and a pressure to drive the displacer (34) cannot build up, which means that the additive is not conveyed out of the tank (46).

Claims (6)

1. A device for pneumatically dispensing concrete hydro-mechanically transported in a dense flow, in which a concrete pump with a hydraulic drive comprising at least two cylinders (12, 14) with opposed pistons (15, 16) is used for the hydro-mechanical transportation, said concrete pump being synchronously controlled by a displacement circuit conveying an operating medium displaced by a piston and having a metering device for an additive serving as a solidification accelerator, the drive of which is connected to the hydraulic circuit of the concrete pump drive, characterised in that the drive (34-37) of the metering device (43-47; 60-70) is connected to the displacement circuit (31) and is formed as a forward and backward moving piston drive (34) whose absorption volume corresponds to the displacement volume of the operating pistons (27, 28) and is added in both directions to the displacement volume of each operating piston (27, 28).
2. A device according to Claim 1, characterised in that a linear piston drive (34-37) is provided as the drive of the metering device.
3. A device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that a linear piston pump (43-47) is used as a metering device.
4. A device according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the linear piston drive (34-37) of the metering device and its linear piston pump (43-47) are pivoted to a sliding block (39), where one of the pivot points is effected by means of an adjustable slide (38) which is used to set the volume of the additive.
5. A device according to Claim 1 and any of Claims 2 to 4, characterised in that, in order to reverse the flow of the additive into the additive tank or into the additive feed pipe (8), a directional valve (49) is fitted into the feed pipe and is acted upon by the pressure of the medium prevailing in the piston chamber (52, 53) of the operating cylinder (25, 26).
6. A device according to Claim 1 and any of Claims 2 to 5, characterised in that the metering device comprises a piston pump, which has two opposed, singly acting differential cylinders (64, 65) whose cylinder space, which is free of additive, are connected by way of suction conduits (69-70) to a fresh water tank (6), from which fresh water is transported in an overflow pipe to cleanse the walls of the cylinder (64, 65).
EP19890118477 1988-10-18 1989-10-05 Device for pneumatically dispensing concrete hydromechanically transported in a dense flow Expired - Lifetime EP0364823B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89118477T ATE78900T1 (en) 1988-10-18 1989-10-05 DEVICE FOR PNEUMATIC PLACING OF HYDROMECHANICALLY DENSE FLOW CONCRETE.

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DE3835373 1988-10-18
DE3835373 1988-10-18
DE3927332A DE3927332C2 (en) 1988-10-18 1989-08-18 Device for the pneumatic spreading of hydromechanically conveyed concrete in a dense stream
DE3927332 1989-08-18

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