EP0353491A1 - Installation for burning special waste - Google Patents

Installation for burning special waste Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0353491A1
EP0353491A1 EP89112462A EP89112462A EP0353491A1 EP 0353491 A1 EP0353491 A1 EP 0353491A1 EP 89112462 A EP89112462 A EP 89112462A EP 89112462 A EP89112462 A EP 89112462A EP 0353491 A1 EP0353491 A1 EP 0353491A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
waste
combustion
chamber
rotary kiln
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Granted
Application number
EP89112462A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0353491B1 (en
Inventor
Martin Rudolf Zweifel
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ABB Immobilien AG
Alstom SA
Original Assignee
ABB Management AG
W and E Umwelttechnik AG
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Application filed by ABB Management AG, W and E Umwelttechnik AG filed Critical ABB Management AG
Priority to AT89112462T priority Critical patent/ATE95291T1/en
Publication of EP0353491A1 publication Critical patent/EP0353491A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/008—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor adapted for burning two or more kinds, e.g. liquid and solid, of waste being fed through separate inlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/16—Waste feed arrangements using chute
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/18—Waste feed arrangements using airlock systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/12—Sludge, slurries or mixtures of liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/28—Plastics or rubber like materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/52001—Rotary drums with co-current flows of waste and gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
    • F23G2900/54401—Feeding waste in containers, bags or barrels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the combustion of gaseous, liquid and solid industrial waste, referred to as special waste, wherein a rotary kiln with an adjoining afterburning chamber arranged in series is provided.
  • a rotary kiln In a known system, a rotary kiln is used, the end of which opens into an afterburning chamber. In the afterburning chamber, the flue gases coming from the rotary kiln are afterburned. Most of the hazardous waste is incinerated in the rotary kiln. During the incineration process, a precise balance of the waste, according to the characteristics determined before the incineration, is a prerequisite for trouble-free operation Business. Decisive for an efficient combustion are not only the right temperatures in the rotary kiln, but it is also important that the dwell times are long enough. This is the only way to achieve an efficient combustion of the gases and solid substances as well as a good burnout of the residual materials.
  • the rotary kiln On the inlet-side, water-cooled end wall of the rotary kiln are filling devices for solid waste and barrels as well as burners and lances for liquid combustible materials, sludge, polymerizing waste etc., as well as for supporting fuels and nozzles for the primary combustion air if necessary.
  • Injection devices for liquid waste, in particular aqueous waste with little or no calorific value, as well as secondary air nozzles and an additional auxiliary burner are installed in the afterburner chamber downstream of the rotary tube.
  • all of the hazardous waste is brought into the rotary kiln via the front wall and burned, except for waste water with no or low calorific value, which is injected into the afterburning chamber. If this waste water were burned in a rotary kiln, this would cause the combustion temperature to be throttled too much.
  • Biogas can also be introduced directly into the afterburner, as this gas burns out very quickly.
  • Solids and sludge are fed in through the inlet end wall to maintain a certain basic load on the rotary kiln.
  • a multi-fuel burner possibly with a lance, is used for the automatic temperature control of the rotary kiln, with which gas as well as high-calorific liquid waste can be burned. These substances can be injected individually or in combination with other substances.
  • This burner is integrated on the one hand in the temperature control circuit of the afterburner chamber - the temperature in the rotary kiln and in the afterburning chamber can be set between 950 o C and 1300 o C - and on the other hand in the control circuit, which determines the amount of steam or regulates the hot water of a boiler system downstream of the combustion part of the system.
  • This burner has its own combustion air supply and is also used as a start-up burner.
  • the primary air quantity is the main air volume for combustion in a rotary kiln.
  • the separate injection of primary air through the end wall of the rotary tube improves the oxidation conditions by also oxidizing volatile elements in the solid bed forming in the rotary tube furnace.
  • the afterburning chamber In the afterburning chamber, substances are burned that have not yet reacted in the rotary kiln.
  • the unburned gases and solid particles arise primarily during the combustion process, especially at the end of the rotary kiln; because the dwell time there is too short to allow the substances to burn out completely.
  • This afterburning in the afterburning chamber is supported by the secondary air, which is injected into the afterburning chamber under high pressure.
  • the flue gases leave the afterburning chamber burned out and are already cooled down to approx. 650 o C in the subsequent radiation part of the downstream boiler. After the boiler, the gases pass through a filter system in which most of the solid particles are separated from the gas stream.
  • the afterburning chamber is designed as a combustion chamber, with only part of the waste being burned in the rotary kiln and the remaining part of the waste, in particular gaseous and liquid, being fed to the combustion chamber and burned there.
  • the fact that only part of the waste is incinerated in the rotary kiln allows the dimensions of the rotary kiln to be reduced, but the capacity of the system is retained since the remaining part of the waste can now be incinerated in the combustion chamber downstream of the rotary kiln. It is possible to burn out the gases in the combustion chamber as completely as in known systems.
  • the invention also includes a system with which the object is achieved that the method can be carried out optimally.
  • combustion chamber narrows conically in the lower end region and the end of the rotary kiln opens in this region, and at least one burner is arranged in the combustion chamber for the introduction of gaseous and liquid substances of the remaining part of the waste.
  • the incineration plant essentially comprises a rotary kiln 1 and an afterburning chamber 2, in the latter of which the flue gases generated in the rotary kiln 1 during combustion of the waste are completely burned out.
  • the rotary kiln 1 has a water-cooled end wall 3 on the inlet side, on which a filling device 4 for solid waste 5 and barrels 6 is arranged.
  • Burner 7 and lance 8 serve the introduction of liquid, flammable substances and sludge, polymerizing waste and, depending on the need of support fuel;
  • Air nozzles 10 serve to introduce the primary combustion air.
  • the fixed end wall 3 closes off a rotary tube 11 which is supported on bearings 14 and whose speed can be adjusted by means of a drive 12 depending on the type of waste incinerated.
  • the outlet-side end of the rotary tube 11 is an opening 15 with an opening diameter corresponding to the diameter of the rotary tube, which protrudes through the wall of the afterburning chamber 2 into the lower part thereof.
  • Injection devices 16 for liquid waste, in particular aqueous waste without heating value and secondary air nozzles 17, and an additional auxiliary burner 18 are arranged in the afterburning chamber 2. With the support burner 18 it is ensured that the temperature required for the respective combustion process can be maintained; it is therefore only in operation temporarily.
  • the afterburning chamber 2 is intended to ensure that all substances which have not yet reacted in the rotary tube are completely burned. This afterburning is supported by the secondary air introduced by means of the secondary air nozzles 17. The secondary air has to compensate for the temperature profiles in the afterburning chamber.
  • the gases burned out in the afterburning chamber 2 leave the same upwards in the direction of a boiler system. Afterwards, the gases are cleaned in a filter system and separated from the majority of their remaining solid particles. Solid particles that sink into the lower part of the afterburning chamber 2 are removed from the afterburning chamber by a slag discharge 19.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plant according to the invention for the incineration of hazardous waste.
  • the rotary tube 11 of the rotary tube furnace 1 is only partially shown, since this part of the system is carried out unchanged compared to the known systems.
  • a combustion chamber 20 now connects to the rotary tube 11.
  • parts of the resulting hazardous waste in particular gaseous and liquid, mostly high-calorie substances, are burned in the combustion chamber 20.
  • a device 22 for introducing the substances mentioned is installed in the lower part 21 of the combustion chamber 20, which device can comprise one or more burners 23. These burners are arranged in such a way that the gaseous and liquid waste is injected in the center of the vertical flow formed in the combustion chamber 20.
  • the combustion chamber 20 is essentially designed as a standing, tubular chamber which narrows conically in the lower part 21.
  • this lower part 21 there is also the mouth 15 of the rotary tube 11 of the rotary tube furnace. Since the rotary tube 15 rotates, a sealing device 24 is installed to seal the mouth 15 against the wall 24 of the combustion chamber 20, which seals the slide by means of sliding shoes on the rotary tube 11 and was also used by the applicant in known systems for the incineration of hazardous waste.
  • a slag discharge 19 is provided, through which slag sinking in the combustion chamber 20 can be removed.
  • nozzles for the entry of the secondary air (not shown) and lances for the introduction of liquid waste without or with only a very low calorific value (not shown). These nozzles and lances have an approximately tangentially directed axis and thereby generate a vortex flow in the combustion chamber 20 during operation.
  • a constriction 26 is provided, through which the swirl flow is increased by the acceleration of the flue gas flow.
  • the combustion of the remaining part of the waste injected in the center of the combustion chamber 20 creates a flue gas stream which brings additional energy into the combustion chamber 20 for the formation of the vortex flow.
  • the oxygen introduced by the secondary air causes a complete burnout of the smoke gases rising in the combustion chamber 20.
  • the flue gases entering the combustion chamber 20 from below are burned out.
  • the gaseous and liquid waste is also injected from below in the center of the combustion chamber cross section. They are burned from bottom to top while flowing through the combustion chamber 20 and are completely burned out at the upper end 25 of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber 20 has a conical constriction 26. At this point, the remaining mixture of the flue gases entering the combustion chamber from the rotary tube 11 and the flue gases generated by the combustion of the waste injected directly into the combustion chamber 20 takes place.
  • the combustion chamber 20 is manufactured in a known manner.
  • a refractory lining is introduced, which can be bricked in a known manner from, for example, refractory bricks.
  • the rotary tube 11 is also designed in the same way.
  • the combustion chamber 20 has a greater height than the known post-combustion chambers; however, since other parts of the entire system are even taller, there is no disadvantage. Rather, the length of the combustion chamber 20, its tubular design and dimensioning and the arrangement of the secondary air nozzles result in a flow in the combustion chamber 20, which up to the upper end 25 of the combustion chamber 20 causes an extremely effective combustion of the flue gases, which is that of a known system with a rotary kiln and afterburner at least.

Abstract

In an installation for burning hazardous waste, a combustion chamber (20) into which some of the hazardous waste, in particular in gaseous and liquid form, is injected by a burner (23) and in which it is burnt is inserted downstream of a rotary tubular furnace (1). The rotary tube (11) of the rotary tubular furnace (1) opens into the combustion chamber (20), which is constructed as a stationary tube, in the lower conically converging region (21). The flue gases produced in the rotary tubular furnace (1) flow upwards together with the flue gases produced in the combustion chamber (20). At the same time, secondary air is also fed in, as a result of which an extraordinarily good burn-up rate is achieved right up to the end of the combustion chamber. Since a part of the hazardous waste is burnt in the combustion chamber, the dimensions of the rotary tubular furnace (1) can be reduced. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Verbrennung von gasförmigen, flüssigen und festen, als Sondermüll bezeichneten industriellen Abfällen, wobei ein Drehrohrofen mit einer daran anschliessenden, in Serie angeordneten Nachbrennkammer vorgesehen wird.The invention relates to a process for the combustion of gaseous, liquid and solid industrial waste, referred to as special waste, wherein a rotary kiln with an adjoining afterburning chamber arranged in series is provided.

Die Entsorgung von den in der Industrie anfallenden Abfällen, insbesondere, dann wenn es sich um Abfälle toxischer, feuergefährlicher oder pathogener Art handelt. Für diese, unter dem Begriff Sondermüll zusammengefassten Abfälle müssen heute für ihre Entsorgung grosse Anstrengungen unternommen werden. Für grosse Teile dieser Abfälle ist eine Entsorgung dadurch möglich, dass sie in bekannten Anlagen verbrannt werden. Bei diesen müssen jedoch besondere Massnahmen eingehalten werden, damit eine gleichbleibende Verbrennung erreicht wird. Zudem sind behördliche Auflagen zu berücksichtigen.The disposal of industrial waste, especially when it is toxic, flammable or pathogenic. For these wastes, grouped under the term hazardous waste, great efforts have to be made today to dispose of them. Large parts of this waste can be disposed of by incinerating them in known plants. With these, however, special measures must be observed so that constant combustion is achieved. Official requirements must also be taken into account.

Bei einer bekannten Anlage wird ein Drehrohrofen eingesetzt, dessen Ende in eine Nachbrennkammer mündet. In der Nachbrennkammer erfolgt eine Nachverbrennung der aus dem Drehrohrofen kommenden Rauchgase. In dem Drehrohrofen wird der grösste Teil des Sondermülls verbrannt. Während der Verbrennung ist ein genaues Gleichgewicht der Abfälle, gemäss den vor der Verbrennung festgestellten Charakteristika Bedingung für einen störungsfreien Betrieb. Massgebend für eine effiziente Verbrennung sind aber nicht nur die richtigen Temperaturen im Drehrohrofen, sondern es ist ebenso wichtig, dass die Verweilzeiten lang genug sind. Nur so kann eine effiziente Verbrennung der Gase und der festen Stoffe sowie ein guter Ausbrand der Reststoffe erreicht werden.In a known system, a rotary kiln is used, the end of which opens into an afterburning chamber. In the afterburning chamber, the flue gases coming from the rotary kiln are afterburned. Most of the hazardous waste is incinerated in the rotary kiln. During the incineration process, a precise balance of the waste, according to the characteristics determined before the incineration, is a prerequisite for trouble-free operation Business. Decisive for an efficient combustion are not only the right temperatures in the rotary kiln, but it is also important that the dwell times are long enough. This is the only way to achieve an efficient combustion of the gases and solid substances as well as a good burnout of the residual materials.

An der eintrittseitigen, wassergekühlten Stirnwand des Drehrohrofens sind Einfüllvorrichtungen für feste Abfälle und Fässer sowie Brenner und Lanzen für flüssige brennbare Stoffe, Schlamm, polymerisierende Abfälle etc, sowie gegebenenfalls für Stützbrennstoffe und Düsen für die primäre Verbrennungsluft. In der dem Drehrohr nachgeschalteten Nachbrennkammer sind Einspritz-Vorrichtungen für flüssige Abfälle, insbesondere wässrige Abfälle ohne oder mit wenig Heizwert sowie Sekundärluftdüsen und ein zusätzlicher Stützbrenner eingebaut. Grundsätzlich wird der gesamte Sondermüll über die Stirnwand in den Drehrohrofen eingebracht und verbrannt, ausser Abwässern ohne oder mit geringem Heizwert, welche in die Nachbrennkammer eingespritzt werden. Würden diese Abwässer im Drehrohrofen verbrannt, so würde dies eine zu starke Drosselung der Verbrennungstemperatur verursachen. Biogas kann ebenfalls direkt in die Nachbrennkammer eingebracht werden, da dieses Gas sehr schnell ausbrennt.On the inlet-side, water-cooled end wall of the rotary kiln are filling devices for solid waste and barrels as well as burners and lances for liquid combustible materials, sludge, polymerizing waste etc., as well as for supporting fuels and nozzles for the primary combustion air if necessary. Injection devices for liquid waste, in particular aqueous waste with little or no calorific value, as well as secondary air nozzles and an additional auxiliary burner are installed in the afterburner chamber downstream of the rotary tube. In principle, all of the hazardous waste is brought into the rotary kiln via the front wall and burned, except for waste water with no or low calorific value, which is injected into the afterburning chamber. If this waste water were burned in a rotary kiln, this would cause the combustion temperature to be throttled too much. Biogas can also be introduced directly into the afterburner, as this gas burns out very quickly.

Feststoffe und Schlamm werden zur Aufrechterhaltung einer bestimmten Grundbelastung des Drehrohrofens über die eintrittseitige Stirnwand aufgegeben. Zur automatischen Temperaturregelung des Drehrohrofens ist ein Mehrstoffbrenner, gegebenenfalls mit einer Lanze eingesetzt, mit welchem Gas sowie auch hochkalorische flüssige Abfälle verbrannt werden können. Diese Stoffe können einzeln oder kombiniert mit andern Stoffen eingespritzt werden. Dieser Brenner ist einerseits in den Temperaturregelkreis der Nachbrennkammer integriert - die Temperatur im Drehrohrofen und in der Nachbrennkammer kann zwischen 950oC und 1300oC eingestellt werden - und andererseits in den Regelkreis, der die Dampfmenge oder das Heisswasser einer dem Verbrennungsteil der Anlage nachgeschalteten Kesselanlage regelt. Dieser Brenner hat seine eigene Verbrennungsluft-Versorgung und wird auch als Anfahrbrenner eingesetzt.Solids and sludge are fed in through the inlet end wall to maintain a certain basic load on the rotary kiln. A multi-fuel burner, possibly with a lance, is used for the automatic temperature control of the rotary kiln, with which gas as well as high-calorific liquid waste can be burned. These substances can be injected individually or in combination with other substances. This burner is integrated on the one hand in the temperature control circuit of the afterburner chamber - the temperature in the rotary kiln and in the afterburning chamber can be set between 950 o C and 1300 o C - and on the other hand in the control circuit, which determines the amount of steam or regulates the hot water of a boiler system downstream of the combustion part of the system. This burner has its own combustion air supply and is also used as a start-up burner.

Als Primärluft wird die Haupt-Luftmenge für die Verbrennung im Drehrohrofen bezeichnet. Die gesonderte Eindüsung von Primärluft durch die Stirnwand des Drehrohrs verbessert die Oxidationsbedingungen, indem in dem im Drehrohrofen bildenden Feststoffbett auch die Oxidation flüchtiger Elemente stattfindet.The primary air quantity is the main air volume for combustion in a rotary kiln. The separate injection of primary air through the end wall of the rotary tube improves the oxidation conditions by also oxidizing volatile elements in the solid bed forming in the rotary tube furnace.

In der Nachbrennkammer werden somit Substanzen nachverbrannt, welche im Drehrohrofen noch nicht reagiert haben. Die unverbrannten Gase und Feststoffpartikel entstehen primär während des Verbrennungsprozesses vor allem am Ende des Drehrohrofens; denn dort ist die Verweilzeit zu kurz, um die Substanzen vollständig ausbrennen zu lassen. Diese Nachverbrennung in der Nachbrennkammer wird durch die Sekundärluft unterstützt, welche unter hohen Druck in die Nachbrennkammer eingedüst wird.In the afterburning chamber, substances are burned that have not yet reacted in the rotary kiln. The unburned gases and solid particles arise primarily during the combustion process, especially at the end of the rotary kiln; because the dwell time there is too short to allow the substances to burn out completely. This afterburning in the afterburning chamber is supported by the secondary air, which is injected into the afterburning chamber under high pressure.

Die Rauchgase verlassen somit die Nachbrennkammer ausgebrannt und werden im anschliessenden Strahlungsteil des nachgeschalteten Kessels bereits bis auf etwa 650oC abgekühlt. Nach dem Kessel passieren die Gase eine Filteranlage, in welcher der grösste Teil der festen Partikel aus dem Gasstrom ausgeschieden wird.The flue gases leave the afterburning chamber burned out and are already cooled down to approx. 650 o C in the subsequent radiation part of the downstream boiler. After the boiler, the gases pass through a filter system in which most of the solid particles are separated from the gas stream.

Bekannte Anlagen der vorangehend beschriebenen Art arbeiten zuverlässig und erreichen eine hohe Betriebsstundenzahl pro Jahr. Da jedoch im wesentlichen die gesamten Abfälle im Drehrohrofen verbrannt werden, muss dieser für diese Menge dimensioniert werden und auch der Kostenaufwand bestimmt sich im wesentlichen nach der Dimension des Drehrohrofens.Known systems of the type described above work reliably and achieve a high number of operating hours per year. However, since essentially all of the waste is incinerated in the rotary kiln, this must be dimensioned for this amount and the cost is essentially determined by the dimension of the rotary kiln.

Hier setzt die Erfindung ein, der die Aufgabe zugrundeliegt, ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art so weiterauszugestalten, dass die Dimensionen des Drehrohrofens verringert werden können, ohne dass dabei die Kapazität der Anlage verringert wird.This is where the invention comes in, which is based on the object of further developing a method of the type described at the outset in such a way that the dimensions of the rotary kiln can be reduced without the capacity of the installation being reduced in the process.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäss der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass die Nachbrennkammer als Brennkammer ausgebildet wird, wobei nur ein Teil der Abfälle in dem Drehrohrofen verbrannt wird und der restliche Teil der Abfälle, insbesondere gasförmiger und flüssiger Art, der Brennkammer zugeführt und dort verbrannt wird. Dadurch, dass nur noch ein Teil der Abfälle in dem Drehrohrofen verbrannt wird, können die Dimensionen des Drehrohrofens vermindert werden, die Kapazität der Anlage bleibt jedoch erhalten da jetzt in der dem Drehrohrofen nachgeschalteten Brennkammer der restliche Teil der Abfälle verbrannt werden kann. Dabei ist es möglich, eine ebenso vollständige Ausbrennung der Gase in der Brennkammer zu erreichen wie bei bekannten Anlagen.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the afterburning chamber is designed as a combustion chamber, with only part of the waste being burned in the rotary kiln and the remaining part of the waste, in particular gaseous and liquid, being fed to the combustion chamber and burned there. The fact that only part of the waste is incinerated in the rotary kiln allows the dimensions of the rotary kiln to be reduced, but the capacity of the system is retained since the remaining part of the waste can now be incinerated in the combustion chamber downstream of the rotary kiln. It is possible to burn out the gases in the combustion chamber as completely as in known systems.

Die Erfindung umfasst auch eine Anlage, mit der die Aufgabe gelöst wird, dass Verfahren optimal durchführen zu können.The invention also includes a system with which the object is achieved that the method can be carried out optimally.

Diese Aufgabe wird gemäss der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass die Brennkammer sich im untern Endbereich konisch verengt und in diesem Bereich das Ende des Drehrohrofens mündet, sowie mindestens ein Brenner für die Einleitung gasförmiger und flüssiger Stoffe des restlichen Teils der Abfälle in der Brennkammer angeordnet ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in that the combustion chamber narrows conically in the lower end region and the end of the rotary kiln opens in this region, and at least one burner is arranged in the combustion chamber for the introduction of gaseous and liquid substances of the remaining part of the waste.

Die Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung in einem Ausführungsbeispiel dargestellt und nachfolgend beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen schematisch dargestellten Vertikalschnitt einer Anlage für die Verbrennung von Sondermüll nach dem bekannten Stand der Technik und
  • Fig. 2 einen schematisch dargestellten Vertikalschnitt einer erfindungsgemässen, einem Drehrohrofen nachgeschalteten Brennkammer für die Verbrennung von gasförmigen und flüssigen brennbaren Stoffen.
The invention is shown in the drawing in one embodiment and described below. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a schematically illustrated vertical section of a plant for the combustion of hazardous waste according to the known prior art and
  • 2 shows a schematically illustrated vertical section of a combustion chamber according to the invention, which is connected downstream of a rotary tube furnace, for the combustion of gaseous and liquid combustible substances.

In Fig. 1 ist derjenige Teil einer bekannten Anlage zur Verbrennung von Sondermüll dargestellt, der die eigentliche Verbrennungsanlage umfasst. Vor dieser Verbrennungsanlage sind Einrichtungen vorhanden, in denen vor der Verbrennung die ankommenden Abfälle klassifiziert und bereitgestellt werden, so dass die Verbrennung durch Kombination der verschiedenen Abfälle optimal aufrechterhalten werden kann. Die Verbrennungsanlage umfasst als wesentlichen Teil einen Drehrohrofen 1 und eine Nachbrennkammer 2, in welch letzterer die im Drehrohrofen 1 bei der Verbrennung der Abfälle entstehenden Rauchgase vollständig ausgebrannt werden.1 shows that part of a known plant for the incineration of hazardous waste which comprises the actual incineration plant. In front of this incineration plant, facilities are available in which the incoming waste is classified and made available before the incineration, so that the incineration can be optimally maintained by combining the various wastes. The incineration plant essentially comprises a rotary kiln 1 and an afterburning chamber 2, in the latter of which the flue gases generated in the rotary kiln 1 during combustion of the waste are completely burned out.

Der Drehrohrofen 1 weist eintrittseitig eine wassergekühlte Stirnwand 3 auf, an welcher eine Einfüllvorrichtung 4 für feste Abfälle 5 und Fässer 6 angeordnet ist. Brenner 7 und Lanzehn 8 dienen der Einführung flüssiger, brennbarer Stoffe und von Schlamm, polymersierenden Abfällen sowie je nach Bedarf von Stützbrennstoff; Luftdüsen 10 dienen der Einleitung der primären Verbrennungsluft.The rotary kiln 1 has a water-cooled end wall 3 on the inlet side, on which a filling device 4 for solid waste 5 and barrels 6 is arranged. Burner 7 and lance 8 serve the introduction of liquid, flammable substances and sludge, polymerizing waste and, depending on the need of support fuel; Air nozzles 10 serve to introduce the primary combustion air.

Die feststehende Stirnwand 3 schliesst ein Drehrohr 11 ab, das auf Lagerungen 14 abgestützt ist und dessen Drehzahl je nach der Art der verbrannten Abfälle mittels eines Antriebes 12 einstellbar ist. Das austrittseitige Ende des Drehrohrs 11 ist eine Mündung 15 mit einer dem Durchmesser des Drehrohres entsprechenden Oeffnungsdurchmesser, welche durch die Wand der Nachbrennkammer 2 in den untern Teil derselben ragt. In der Nachbrennkammer 2 sind Einspritz-Vorrichtungen 16 für flüssige Abfälle, insbesondere wässrige Abfälle ohne Heizwert und Sekundärluftdüsen 17 sowie ein zusätzlicher Stützbrenner 18 angeordnet. Mit dem Stützbrenner 18 wird gewährleistet, dass die für den jeweiligen Verbrennungsvorgang erforderliche Temperatur gehalten werden kann; er ist deshalb nur zeitweise im Betrieb.The fixed end wall 3 closes off a rotary tube 11 which is supported on bearings 14 and whose speed can be adjusted by means of a drive 12 depending on the type of waste incinerated. The outlet-side end of the rotary tube 11 is an opening 15 with an opening diameter corresponding to the diameter of the rotary tube, which protrudes through the wall of the afterburning chamber 2 into the lower part thereof. Injection devices 16 for liquid waste, in particular aqueous waste without heating value and secondary air nozzles 17, and an additional auxiliary burner 18 are arranged in the afterburning chamber 2. With the support burner 18 it is ensured that the temperature required for the respective combustion process can be maintained; it is therefore only in operation temporarily.

Die Nachbrennkammer 2 soll gewährleisten, dass alle Substanzen, die im Drehrohr noch nicht reagiert haben, vollständig verbrannt werden. Diese Nachverbrennung wird durch die mittels der Sekundärluftdüsen 17 eingeführten Sekundärluft unterstützt. Die Sekundärluft hat hierbei die Temperaturprofile in der Nachbrennkammer auszugleichen.The afterburning chamber 2 is intended to ensure that all substances which have not yet reacted in the rotary tube are completely burned. This afterburning is supported by the secondary air introduced by means of the secondary air nozzles 17. The secondary air has to compensate for the temperature profiles in the afterburning chamber.

Die in der Nachbrennkammer 2 ausgebrannten Gase verlassen dieselbe nach oben in Richtung einer Kesselanlage. Nachher werden die Gase in einer Filteranlage gereinigt und von dem Grossteil ihrer noch vorhandenen festen Teilchen getrennt. Feststoffteilchen, die in der Nachbrennkammer 2 in den untern Teil derselben absinken, werden durch einen Schlackenaustrag 19 aus der Nachbrennkammer entfernt.The gases burned out in the afterburning chamber 2 leave the same upwards in the direction of a boiler system. Afterwards, the gases are cleaned in a filter system and separated from the majority of their remaining solid particles. Solid particles that sink into the lower part of the afterburning chamber 2 are removed from the afterburning chamber by a slag discharge 19.

In Fig. 2 ist eine erfindungsgemässe Anlage zur Verbrennung von Sondermüll dargestellt. Hierbei ist in Fig. 2 das Drehrohr 11 des Drehrohrofens 1 nur teilweise dargestellt, da dieser Teil der Anlage unverändert gegenüber den bekannten Anlagen ausgeführt wird. An das Drehrohr 11 schliesst nun eine Brennkammer 20 an. In der Brennkammer 20 werden im Gegensatz zur Nachbrennkammer Teile des anfallenden Sondermülls, insbesondere gasförmige und flüssige, meistens hochkalorische Stoffe, verbrannt. Hierzu wird im untern Teil 21 der Brennkammer 20 eine Einrichtung 22 zur Einleitung der genannten Stoffe eingebaut, die einen oder mehrere Brenner 23 umfassen kann. Diese Brenner sind so angeordnet, dass die gasförmigen und flüssigen Abfälle im Zentrum der sich in der Brennkammer 20 bildenden vertikalen Strömung eingedüst werden.2 shows a plant according to the invention for the incineration of hazardous waste. 2, the rotary tube 11 of the rotary tube furnace 1 is only partially shown, since this part of the system is carried out unchanged compared to the known systems. A combustion chamber 20 now connects to the rotary tube 11. In contrast to the post-combustion chamber, parts of the resulting hazardous waste, in particular gaseous and liquid, mostly high-calorie substances, are burned in the combustion chamber 20. For this purpose, a device 22 for introducing the substances mentioned is installed in the lower part 21 of the combustion chamber 20, which device can comprise one or more burners 23. These burners are arranged in such a way that the gaseous and liquid waste is injected in the center of the vertical flow formed in the combustion chamber 20.

Die Brennkammer 20 ist im wesentlichen als stehende, rohrförmige Kammer ausgebildet, die sich im untern Teil 21 konisch verengt. In diesem untern Teil 21 befindet sich auch die Mündung 15 des Drehrohrs 11 des Drehrohrofens. Da das Drehrohr 15 rotiert, ist zur Abdichtung der Mündung 15 gegenüber der Wand 24 der Brennkammer 20 eine Dichtungseinrichtung 24 eingebaut, welche die Abdichtung mittels auf dem Drehrohr 11 gleitenden Gleitschuhen bewerkstelligt und von der Anmelderin auch bei bekannten Anlagen zur Verbrennung von Sondermüll eingesetzt wurden. Am untern Ende der konischen Verengung des Brennkammer-Unterteils 21 ist wie bei bekannten Anlagen ein Schlackenaustrag 19 vorgesehen, durch den in der Brennkammer 20 absinkende Schlacke abgeführt werden kann.The combustion chamber 20 is essentially designed as a standing, tubular chamber which narrows conically in the lower part 21. In this lower part 21 there is also the mouth 15 of the rotary tube 11 of the rotary tube furnace. Since the rotary tube 15 rotates, a sealing device 24 is installed to seal the mouth 15 against the wall 24 of the combustion chamber 20, which seals the slide by means of sliding shoes on the rotary tube 11 and was also used by the applicant in known systems for the incineration of hazardous waste. At the lower end of the conical narrowing of the combustion chamber lower part 21, as in known systems, a slag discharge 19 is provided, through which slag sinking in the combustion chamber 20 can be removed.

In der Wand 24 der Brennkammer 20 sind Düsen für den Eintritt der Sekundärluft (nicht dargestellt) und Lanzen zur Einleitung flüssiger Abfälle ohne oder mit nur sehr geringem Heizwert (nicht dargestellt) angeordnet. Diese Düsen und Lanzen weisen eine etwa tangential gerichtete Achse auf und erzeugen dadurch im Betrieb eine Wirbelströmung in der Brennkammer 20.In the wall 24 of the combustion chamber 20 there are nozzles for the entry of the secondary air (not shown) and lances for the introduction of liquid waste without or with only a very low calorific value (not shown). These nozzles and lances have an approximately tangentially directed axis and thereby generate a vortex flow in the combustion chamber 20 during operation.

Am obern Ende der Brennkammer 20 ist eine Einschnürung 26 vorgesehen, durch welche die Wirbelströmung durch die Beschleunigung des Rauchgasstroms verstärkt wird. Zusätzlich entsteht durch die Verbrennung des im Zentrum der Brennkammer 20 eingedüsten restlichen Teils der Abfälle ein Rauchgasstrom, der zusätzliche Energie für die Bildung der Wirbelströmung in die Brennkammer 20 bringt.At the upper end of the combustion chamber 20, a constriction 26 is provided, through which the swirl flow is increased by the acceleration of the flue gas flow. In addition, the combustion of the remaining part of the waste injected in the center of the combustion chamber 20 creates a flue gas stream which brings additional energy into the combustion chamber 20 for the formation of the vortex flow.

Der durch die Sekundärluft eingeleitete Sauerstoff bewirkt einen vollständigen Ausbrand der in der Brennkammer 20 hochsteigenden Rauchgase.The oxygen introduced by the secondary air causes a complete burnout of the smoke gases rising in the combustion chamber 20.

In der Brennkammer 20 werden einerseits die aus dem Drehrohr 11 von unten in die Brennkammer 20 eintretenden Rauchgase ausgebrannt. Gleichzeitig werden auch von unten im Zentrum des Brennkammerquerschnittes die gasförmigen und flüssigen Abfälle eingedüst. Sie werden hierbei während des Druchströmens durch die Brennkammer 20 von unten nach oben verbrannt und sind am obern Ende 25 der Brennkammer vollständig ausgebrannt. Am obern Ende 25 weist die Brennkammer 20 eine konische Einschnürung 26 auf. An dieser Stelle erfolgt die restliche Mischung der aus dem Drehrohr 11 in die Brennkammer eintretenden Rauchgase und der durch die Verbrennung der direkt in die Brennkammer 20 eingedüsten Abfälle erzeugten Rauchgase. Die Brennkammer 20 ist in bekannter Weise hergestellt. Auf der Innenseite eines die äussere Begrenzung der Brennkammer 20 bildenden Blechmantels wird eine feuerfeste Ausmauerung eingebracht, die in bekannter Weise aus beispielsweise Schamottesteinen gemauert sein kann. Auch das Drehrohr 11 ist in gleicher Weise ausgeführt.In the combustion chamber 20, on the one hand, the flue gases entering the combustion chamber 20 from below are burned out. At the same time, the gaseous and liquid waste is also injected from below in the center of the combustion chamber cross section. They are burned from bottom to top while flowing through the combustion chamber 20 and are completely burned out at the upper end 25 of the combustion chamber. At the upper end 25, the combustion chamber 20 has a conical constriction 26. At this point, the remaining mixture of the flue gases entering the combustion chamber from the rotary tube 11 and the flue gases generated by the combustion of the waste injected directly into the combustion chamber 20 takes place. The combustion chamber 20 is manufactured in a known manner. On the inside of a sheet metal shell forming the outer boundary of the combustion chamber 20, a refractory lining is introduced, which can be bricked in a known manner from, for example, refractory bricks. The rotary tube 11 is also designed in the same way.

Die Brennkammer 20 weist eine grössere Höhe als die bekannten Nachbrennkammern auf; da jedoch andere Teile der gesamten Anlage noch grössere Höhe aufweisen, resultiert hieraus kein Nachteil. Vielmehr wird durch die Länge der Brennkammer 20, ihre rohrförmige Ausbildung und Dimsionierung sowie durch die Anordnung der Sekundärluftdüsen eine Strömung in der Brennkammer 20 erreicht, welche bis zum obern Ende 25 der Brennkammer 20 einen ausserordentlich wirkungsvollen Ausbrand der Rauchgase bewirkt, der demjenigen einer bekannten Anlage mit Drehrohrofen und Nachbrennkammer mindestens gleichkommt.The combustion chamber 20 has a greater height than the known post-combustion chambers; however, since other parts of the entire system are even taller, there is no disadvantage. Rather, the length of the combustion chamber 20, its tubular design and dimensioning and the arrangement of the secondary air nozzles result in a flow in the combustion chamber 20, which up to the upper end 25 of the combustion chamber 20 causes an extremely effective combustion of the flue gases, which is that of a known system with a rotary kiln and afterburner at least.

Claims (9)

1. Verfahren zur Verbrennung von gasförmigen, flüssigen und festen, als Sondermüll bezeichneten industriellen Abfällen, wobei ein Drehrohrofen (1) mit einer daran anschliessenden, in Serie angeordneten Nachbrennkammer (2) vorgesehen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nachbrennkammer (2) als Brennkammer (20) ausgebildet wird, wobei nur ein Teil der Abfälle in dem Drehrohrofen (1) verbrannt wird und der restliche Teil der Abfälle, insbesondere gasförmiger und flüssiger Art, der Brennkammer zugeführt und dort verbrannt wird.1. A process for the combustion of gaseous, liquid and solid industrial waste designated as hazardous waste, wherein a rotary tube furnace (1) with an adjoining afterburning chamber (2) is provided, characterized in that the afterburning chamber (2) is used as a combustion chamber (20) is formed, only part of the waste being burned in the rotary kiln (1) and the remaining part of the waste, in particular gaseous and liquid, being fed to the combustion chamber and burned there. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die durch die Verbrennung im Drehrohrofen (1) entstehenden Rauchgase in die Brennkammer (20) eingeleitet und zusammen mit dem aus der Verbrennung des restlichen Teils der Abfälle entstehenden Rauchgasen zur Erreichung eines hohen Ausbrandes unter gleichzeitiger Zuführung von Sekundärluft vermischt werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flue gases resulting from the combustion in the rotary kiln (1) are introduced into the combustion chamber (20) and together with the flue gases resulting from the combustion of the remaining part of the wastes in order to achieve a high burnout while simultaneously Supply of secondary air can be mixed. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sekundärluft etwa tangential in die Brennkammer (20) zwecks Bildung einer Wirbelströmung eingedüst wird, wobei durch eine am Ende der Brennkammer vorgesehene Einschnürung (26) die Wirbelströmung verstärkt wird.3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the secondary air is injected approximately tangentially into the combustion chamber (20) for the purpose of forming a vortex flow, the vortex flow being increased by a constriction (26) provided at the end of the combustion chamber. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der restliche Teil der Abfälle im Zentrum der Brennkammer (20) unter Erzeugung einer vertikal nach oben gerichteten Strömung verdüst wird.4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the remaining part of the waste in the center of the combustion chamber (20) is atomized to produce a vertically upward flow. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ausser der für die Verbrennung des restlichen Teils der Abfälle erforderlichen Verbrennungsluft noch Sekundärluft in die Brennkammer eingedüst wird.5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that in addition to the combustion air required for the combustion of the remaining part of the waste, secondary air is also injected into the combustion chamber. 6. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkammer (20) sich im untern Endbereich (21) konisch verengt und in diesem Bereich das Ende des Drehrohrofens (1) mündet sowie mindestens ein Brenner (23) für die Einleitung gasförmiger und flüssiger Stoffe eines Teils der Abfälle in die Brennkammer angeordnet ist.6. System for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the combustion chamber (20) narrows conically in the lower end region (21) and in this region the end of the rotary kiln (1) opens and at least one burner ( 23) is arranged for the introduction of gaseous and liquid substances of part of the waste into the combustion chamber. 7. Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkammer (20) als stehende, rohrförmige Kammer ausgebildet ist, welche oberhalb ihres untern Endbereiches (21) einen im wesentlichen gleichbleibenden, z.B. kreisförmigen Querschnitt, aufweist.7. Plant according to claim 6, characterized in that the combustion chamber (20) is designed as a standing, tubular chamber which above its lower end region (21) has a substantially constant, e.g. circular cross section. 8. Anlage nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Brennkammer (20) sich am obern Ende (25) konisch verengt und anschliessend in einen erweiterten Kanal übergeht.8. Plant according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the combustion chamber (20) narrows conically at the upper end (25) and then merges into an enlarged channel. 9. Anlage nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich der Brennkammer (20) mit gleichbleibendem Querschnitt Luftdüsen zur Einführung von Sekundärluft und Lanzen für die Einführung von kontaminiertem Wasser ohne oder mit geringem Heizwert angeordnet sind.9. Plant according to claim 6, characterized in that in the region of the combustion chamber (20) with a constant cross section, air nozzles for introducing secondary air and lances for the introduction of contaminated water are arranged with little or no calorific value.
EP89112462A 1988-07-29 1989-07-07 Installation for burning special waste Expired - Lifetime EP0353491B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89112462T ATE95291T1 (en) 1988-07-29 1989-07-07 HAZARDOUS WASTE INCINERATION PLANT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CH2892/88 1988-07-29
CH2892/88A CH679328A5 (en) 1988-07-29 1988-07-29

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JP (1) JPH0730898B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE95291T1 (en)
CH (1) CH679328A5 (en)
DE (1) DE58905747D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2043974T3 (en)

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EP0579987A1 (en) * 1992-07-24 1994-01-26 DEUTSCHE BABCOCK ANLAGEN GmbH Rotary kiln
EP0710799A3 (en) * 1994-11-07 1998-01-14 Bayer Ag Thermal oxidation method for liquid waste material
EP0846918A2 (en) 1996-12-06 1998-06-10 L. &amp; C. Steinmüller GmbH Method for the combustion of fuel in a rotary furnace and rotary furnace for carrying out the method
DE10036410B4 (en) * 2000-07-26 2013-07-25 Basf Se Method and device for burnout of goods in a rotary kiln

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JP4509695B2 (en) * 2004-07-28 2010-07-21 月島環境エンジニアリング株式会社 Waste liquid incineration treatment method
JP6772004B2 (en) * 2016-09-05 2020-10-21 Ｊｘ金属株式会社 Combustion processing equipment and its operation method

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH679328A5 (en) 1992-01-31
DE58905747D1 (en) 1993-11-04
JPH0730898B2 (en) 1995-04-10
JPH02154910A (en) 1990-06-14
EP0353491B1 (en) 1993-09-29
ATE95291T1 (en) 1993-10-15
ES2043974T3 (en) 1994-01-01
US5003893A (en) 1991-04-02

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