EP0352611B1 - Chamber of a vacuum interrupter switching - Google Patents

Chamber of a vacuum interrupter switching Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0352611B1
EP0352611B1 EP89113208A EP89113208A EP0352611B1 EP 0352611 B1 EP0352611 B1 EP 0352611B1 EP 89113208 A EP89113208 A EP 89113208A EP 89113208 A EP89113208 A EP 89113208A EP 0352611 B1 EP0352611 B1 EP 0352611B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching chamber
vacuum
section
ceramic tube
fixed
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP89113208A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0352611A3 (en
EP0352611A2 (en
Inventor
Karl Dipl.-Ing. Stegmüller
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Schneider Electric Sachsenwerk GmbH
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Sachsenwerk AG
AEG Sachsenwerk GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66238—Specific bellows details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/66223—Details relating to the sealing of vacuum switch housings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66238—Specific bellows details
    • H01H2033/66246—Details relating to the guiding of the contact rod in vacuum switch belows

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching chamber according to the preamble of the first claim.
  • a known switching chamber of a vacuum switch of this type (EP-A-0 129 080) has a housing in which a highly vacuum-tight ceramic tube, which is adjustable relative to one another and coaxially encloses contacts held on a contact bolt.
  • the cavity receiving the contacts is closed by disk-shaped end bodies which are soldered flat on both ends to the end faces, through which one of the contact bolts is guided.
  • the two sections of the closure body are made of the same material.
  • the terminal body assigned to the fixed contact bolt is inherently stiff due to its flat shape, with a stiffly stepped edge contributing to the stiffening, which centers the end body in the ceramic tube. This closure body thus obviously has a large spring constant.
  • a switching chamber of a vacuum switch is also known (GB-A-1 143 083), in which contacts are also held within a ceramic tube on contact bolts which are guided axially outward through end bodies.
  • the fixed contact pin associated end body consists of a soldered on the associated end face of the ceramic tube and axially arranged metal tube, at the end of a radially inwardly directed corrugated first section is vacuum-tight.
  • this corrugated section which is made of the same material as the cylinder ring, sits a flat, rigid disc connected to the fixed contact.
  • the corrugated section is designed so that it does not undergo deformation under normal switching forces, and is only permanently deformed when the mechanical loads are excessive.
  • This three-part construction of the closure body requires a correspondingly high technical outlay for its manufacture, the corrugated central section of the closure body having to be designed such that it deforms only elastically under conventional switching forces and plastically under excessive switching forces. The combination of both properties is difficult to achieve in practice.
  • shock processes transmitted from the stationary contact to the housing during switch-on operations generate mechanical vibration processes in the same axial direction, which can lead to high stresses in particular in the insulator and there especially in the melting zone of the intermediate part.
  • pre-ignition causes currents to occur before the switching contacts are galvanically touched, which in the event of a short circuit cause large, laterally acting forces. With large short-circuit currents, these can lead to a lateral displacement of the contact pins and to an eccentric contact of the contacts, which can also result in forces in the direction of rotation relative to the axis.
  • the known switching chamber is not designed for such loads, since the curved intermediate part 1 acts like a clamped carrier at both ends, thus also transmitting a clamping torque to the insulator.
  • this type of stress represents a particular danger for the latter, since the dynamic stresses add to the shrinkage stresses generated by the manufacturing process.
  • the invention has for its object to take measures in a switching chamber according to the preamble of claim 1, through which an increase in the fatigue strength of the housing of the switching chamber of vacuum switches is achieved compared to all operational loads and in the event of malfunctions by switching operations.
  • the invention is primarily intended to improve modern switching chambers for nominal voltages of 12 kV and more, which are equipped with ceramic insulators.
  • the critical components of the housing of switchgear chambers both the thermal shrinkage voltages caused by the manufacturing process and the stresses generated by the switching processes and by the current forces occurring in the event of a short circuit, should remain well below the fatigue strength of these parts, even with frequent repetition .
  • the invention provides an almost complete “decoupling" of the masses of the housing from the contact bolt of the fixed contact and its suspension in the switch by minimizing the spring constants of the terminating body while increasing the number of degrees of freedom of mobility of the contact pin inside the housing. So when switching on in the event of a short circuit at the moment of contact, considerable forces already act on the two contacts and their contact bolts. This can result in an eccentric first point of contact, via which the entire kinetic energy of the movable contact is transmitted. This eccentric load on the stationary contact can result in additional lateral forces that must not be transferred to the critical housing parts, or only at a harmless height. This also applies to the accelerations that occur when switching off.
  • a small spring constant of the closing body can be achieved by an arched or corrugated shape of the cover.
  • the mass m 1 of the movable contact 1 with the speed brought into contact with the fixed contact 2 which has an approximately equal mass.
  • the switching chamber is attached to the fixed contact pin 3 on another part of the switch, for example on a post insulator via a cross member 7.
  • the elasticity of this part together with that of the contact bolt 3 results in a spring constant C 1 .
  • the kinetic energy of the movable contact 1 causes an elastic deflection S 1 of the contact pin 3 according to the relationship
  • each of these parts together with the associated connecting part, for example the flange 10, in turn provides an oscillatory structure with relative to f 2
  • an axial guidance of the movable contact 1 in a recess of the support part 9 is also provided by means of the bushing 8.
  • FIG. 2 shows a switch-on process under short-circuit conditions.
  • a considerable current i k already flows, which, using the elastic deformability, causes the movable contact 1 to be skewed, which is shown exaggerated in FIG. 2 for better understanding.
  • the resulting eccentric contact point 11 not only causes a displacement S 1 of the fixed contact 2 upon impact of the contacts, but also a rotation a, which causes additional curvature for the cover 4 and for the housing at its critical points, in particular at A, a relatively rigid cover 4 results in high mechanical stress peaks in the ceramic tube or in the soldered connection between cover 4 and ceramic tube 5.
  • a closure body with an elastic section with a very low spring constant in conjunction with a plastically deformable section is provided to reduce shrinkage stresses caused by the manufacturing process.
  • FIG. 3 is connected to the contact bolt 3, a wave-shaped part 24 made of elastic material, while on the end face 13 of the ceramic tube 5, a thin-walled ring 25 made of a plastic metal with its outer leg 12a is soldered on the end face.
  • the ring 25 can, for example, have a U-shaped or L-shaped cross section.
  • the ring 25 is also joined to the cover 24 on the collar 27 by a vacuum-tight connection.
  • the solution shown in FIG. 3 allows the shrinkage stresses to be minimized particularly well by shaping and selecting the material of the thin-walled ring 25.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltkammer gemäß dem Oberbegriff des ersten Anspruchs.The invention relates to a switching chamber according to the preamble of the first claim.

Eine bekannte Schaltkammer eines Vakuumschalters dieser Art (EP-A-0 129 080) weist ein Gehäuse auf, bei dem ein hochvakuumdichtes Keramikrohr relativ zueinander verstellbare, je an einem Kontaktbolzen gehaltene Kontakte koaxial umschließt. Der die Kontakte aufnehmende Hohlraum ist durch beidendig auf die Stirnseiten plan aufgelötete scheibenförmige Abschlußkörper verschlossen, durch welche je einer der Kontaktbolzen geführt ist. Während der eine Kontakt mit seinem Kontaktbolzen über einen Faltenbalg vakuumdicht an den zugehörigen Abschlußkörper axial verstellbar angeschlossen ist, sitzt der andere Kontaktbolzen ortsfest im zugehörigen Abschlußkörper, wobei der ortsfeste Kontaktbolzen von einer Hülse umgeben ist, die in einer entsprechenden Ausnehmung eines flachen äußeren Abschnitts, der mit seinem äußeren Rand plan auf der Stirnseite des Keramikrohrs aufgelötet ist, angeordnet ist. Die beiden Abschnitte des Abschlußkörpers bestehen aus dem gleichen Werkstoff. Bei diesem Aufbau ist der dem ortsfesten Kontakt bolzen zugeordnete Abschlußkörper durch seine plane Form in sich steif, wobei zur Versteifung noch ein stufig nach außen abgesetzter Rand beiträgt, der den Abschlußkörper im Keramikrohr zentriert. Dieser Abschlußkörper weist somit offensichtlich eine große Federkonstante auf.A known switching chamber of a vacuum switch of this type (EP-A-0 129 080) has a housing in which a highly vacuum-tight ceramic tube, which is adjustable relative to one another and coaxially encloses contacts held on a contact bolt. The cavity receiving the contacts is closed by disk-shaped end bodies which are soldered flat on both ends to the end faces, through which one of the contact bolts is guided. While one contact with its contact pin is connected in a vacuum-tight manner to the associated end body in a vacuum-tight manner, the other contact pin is seated in a fixed manner in the associated end body, the fixed contact pin being surrounded by a sleeve which is in a corresponding recess in a flat outer section which is soldered flat with its outer edge on the end face of the ceramic tube, is arranged. The two sections of the closure body are made of the same material. In this construction, the terminal body assigned to the fixed contact bolt is inherently stiff due to its flat shape, with a stiffly stepped edge contributing to the stiffening, which centers the end body in the ceramic tube. This closure body thus obviously has a large spring constant.

Es ist auch eine Schaltkammer eines Vakuumschalters bekannt (GB-A-1 143 083), bei dem ebenfalls innerhalb eines Keramikrohres Kontakte an Kontaktbolzen gehalten sind, die durch Abschlußkörper axial nach außen geführt sind. Der dem ortsfesten Kontakt bolzen zugeordnete Abschlußkörper besteht hierbei aus einem auf die zugehörige Stirnseite des Keramikrohres aufgelöteten und achsengleich angeordneten Metallrohr, an dessen Ende ein radial nach innen gerichteter gewellter erster Abschnitt vakuumdicht angesetzt ist. Innerhalb dieses gewellten Abschnitts, der aus dem gleichen Material wie der Zylinderring gefertigt ist, sitzt eine plane, mit dem ortsfesten Kontakt verbundene starre Scheibe. Hierbei ist der gewellte Abschnitt so ausgebildet, daß er bei üblichen Schaltkräften keine Verformung erfährt, und sich nur bei überhöhten mechanischen Belastungen dauerhaft verformt. Dieser dreiteilige Aufbau des Abschlußkörpers erfordert einen entsprechend hohen technischen Aufwand fürseine Herstellung, wobei der gewellte mittlere Abschnitt des Abschlußkörpers so ausgebildet sein muß, daß er sich bei üblichen Schaltkräften nur elastisch und bei überhöhten Schaltkräften plastisch verformt. Die Vereinigung beider Eigenschaften läßt sich in der Praxis nur schwer realisieren.A switching chamber of a vacuum switch is also known (GB-A-1 143 083), in which contacts are also held within a ceramic tube on contact bolts which are guided axially outward through end bodies. The fixed contact pin associated end body consists of a soldered on the associated end face of the ceramic tube and axially arranged metal tube, at the end of a radially inwardly directed corrugated first section is vacuum-tight. Within this corrugated section, which is made of the same material as the cylinder ring, sits a flat, rigid disc connected to the fixed contact. Here, the corrugated section is designed so that it does not undergo deformation under normal switching forces, and is only permanently deformed when the mechanical loads are excessive. This three-part construction of the closure body requires a correspondingly high technical outlay for its manufacture, the corrugated central section of the closure body having to be designed such that it deforms only elastically under conventional switching forces and plastically under excessive switching forces. The combination of both properties is difficult to achieve in practice.

Die bei Einschaltvorgängen vom ortsfesten Kontakt auf das Gehäuse übertragenen Stoßvorgänge erzeugen in demselben mechanische Schwingungsvorgänge in axialer Richtung, die insbesondere in dem Isolator und dort vor allem in der Einschmelzzone des Zwischenteils zu großen Beanspruchungen führen können.The shock processes transmitted from the stationary contact to the housing during switch-on operations generate mechanical vibration processes in the same axial direction, which can lead to high stresses in particular in the insulator and there especially in the melting zone of the intermediate part.

In dreiphasigen Schaltgeräten von Hochspannungsschaltern treten auf Grund der Vorzündungen bereits vor der galvanischen Berührung der Schaltkontakte Ströme auf, die im Kurzschlußfall große, seitlich wirkende Kräfte hervorrufen. Diese können bei großen Kurzschlußströmen zu einer seitlichen Verschiebung der Kontaktbolzen und zu einer exzentrischen Berührung der Kontakte führen, was gegenüber der Achse auch Kräfte in Verdrehrichtung zur Folge haben kann.In three-phase switching devices in high-voltage switches, pre-ignition causes currents to occur before the switching contacts are galvanically touched, which in the event of a short circuit cause large, laterally acting forces. With large short-circuit currents, these can lead to a lateral displacement of the contact pins and to an eccentric contact of the contacts, which can also result in forces in the direction of rotation relative to the axis.

Die bekannte Schaltkammer ist nicht für derartige Belastungen ausgelegt, da das gekrümmte Zwischentei 1 an beiden Enden wie ein eingespannter Träger wirkt, also ein Einspannmoment auch auf den Isolator überträgt. Diese Beanspruchungsart stellt aber für letzteren eine besondere Gefahr dar, da sich die dynamischen Beanspruchungen zu den durch den Herstellvorgang erzeugten Schrumpfspannungen addieren.The known switching chamber is not designed for such loads, since the curved intermediate part 1 acts like a clamped carrier at both ends, thus also transmitting a clamping torque to the insulator. However, this type of stress represents a particular danger for the latter, since the dynamic stresses add to the shrinkage stresses generated by the manufacturing process.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer Schaltkammer gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 Maßnahmen zu treffen, durch die eine Erhöhung der Dauerfestigkeit des Gehäuses der Schaltkammer von Vakuumschaltern gegenüber allen betriebsmäßig und in Störungsfällen durch Schaltvorgänge auftretenden Belastungen erreicht wird.The invention has for its object to take measures in a switching chamber according to the preamble of claim 1, through which an increase in the fatigue strength of the housing of the switching chamber of vacuum switches is achieved compared to all operational loads and in the event of malfunctions by switching operations.

Die Lösung der Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 angegeben.The solution to the problem is specified by the features of claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Aüsführungseinzelheiten können den Unteransprüchen entnommen werden.Advantageous implementation details can be found in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung soll in erster Linie moderne Schaltkammern für Nennspannungen von 12 kV und mehrverbessern, die mit Keramikisolatoren ausgestattet sind.The invention is primarily intended to improve modern switching chambers for nominal voltages of 12 kV and more, which are equipped with ceramic insulators.

Nach dem Erfindungsgedanken sollen dabei an den kritischen Bauteilen der Gehäuse von Schaltkammern sowohl die durch den Herstellprozeß hervorgerufenen, thermisch bedingten Schrumpfspannungen, als auch die durch die Schaltvorgänge und durch die im Kurzschlußfall auftretenden Stromkräfte erzeugten Beanspruchungen auch bei häufiger Wiederholung deutlich unterhalb der Dauerfestigkeit dieser Teile bleiben.According to the concept of the invention, the critical components of the housing of switchgear chambers, both the thermal shrinkage voltages caused by the manufacturing process and the stresses generated by the switching processes and by the current forces occurring in the event of a short circuit, should remain well below the fatigue strength of these parts, even with frequent repetition .

Die Problematik der gestellten Aufgabe läßt sich an Hand der folgenden Überlegungen darstellen:The problem of the task can be illustrated by the following considerations:

Nach den Normen für keramische Werkstoffe DIN 40 685 Blatt 1/1974 ist für die lineare Wärmedehnungszahl bekannt:

Figure imgb0001
According to the standards for ceramic materials DIN 40 685 sheet 1/1974 the linear thermal expansion coefficient is known:
Figure imgb0001

Hinzu kommen nach "Hütte", theoretische Grundlagen ; Verlag Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1955 für einige Metalle:

Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0004
 In addition come after "hut", theoretical basics; Verlag Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1955 for some metals:
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0004

Bei einer Löttemperatur von etwa 800 °C ergibt sich also für einen Druchmesser von D = 100 mm nach der Abkühlung folgende fiktive Durchmesserdifferenz ΔD:

Figure imgb0005
At a soldering temperature of around 800 ° C, the following fictitious diameter difference ΔD results for a diameter of D = 100 mm after cooling:
Figure imgb0005

Wenn man weiter annimmt, daß sich die verlöteten Werkstoffe im gesamten Temperaturbereich elastisch verhalten, so ergäbe sich für die bisher übliche Ausbildung der Lötverbindungen eine Schrumpfspannung <>Sehr im Keramikrohr in der Umgebung der Lötstelle, die etwa

Figure imgb0006
beträgt. Die tatsächlich eintretenden Werte liegen vor allem bei Kupfer wegen der plastischen Formänderung der Metalle bei höheren Temperaturen niedriger.If one further assumes that the soldered materials behave elastically over the entire temperature range, the result would be a shrinkage stress <> very in the ceramic tube in the vicinity of the soldered joint for the usual formation of the soldered joints
Figure imgb0006
 is. The actual values, especially for copper, are lower due to the plastic change in shape of the metals at higher temperatures.

Auf Grund der bedeutend größeren Wärmedehnungswerte der Metalle hat der Schrumpfungsvorgang eine nach innen gerichtete Druckbelastung für das Keramikrohr zur Folge. Die oben errechneten Werte reichen an die Druckfestigkeit der Hochleistungsporzellane heran, die mit 450 und 550 N/mm2 angegeben wird.Due to the significantly higher thermal expansion values of the metals, the shrinking process results in an inward pressure load for the ceramic tube. The values calculated above reach the compressive strength of the high-performance porcelain, which is stated as 450 and 550 N / mm 2 .

Aus dieser Betrachtung geht hervor, daß dem Abbau der Schrumpfspannungen im Keramikrohreine große Bedeutung zur Lösung der der Erfindung vorangestellten Aufgabe zukommt.From this consideration it can be seen that the reduction of the shrinkage stresses in the ceramic tube is of great importance for solving the task preceding the invention.

Zur Verminderung der durch die Schaltvorgänge und die Kurzschlußstromkräfte entstehenden Schwingungsbeanspruchungen sieht die Erfindung eine nahezu völlige "Entkopplung" der Massen des Gehäuses vom Kontaktbolzen des ortsfesten Kontakts und seiner Aufhängung im Schalter durch eine Minimierung der Federkonstanten des Abschlußkörpers bei gleichzeitiger Erhöhung der Anzahl der Freiheitsgrade der Beweglichkeit des Kontaktbolzens innerhalb des Gehäuses vor. So wirken bei Einschaltungen im Kurzschlußfall im Moment der Kontakt berührung bereits beträchtliche Kräft auf die beiden Kontakte und ihre Kontaktbolzen. Dadurch kann sich eine exzentrische erste Berührungsstelle ergeben, über die die gesamte kinetische Energie des beweglichen Kontakts übertragen wird. Diese außermittige Belastung des ortsfesten Kontaktes kann zusätzliche seitlich wirkende Kräfte zur Folge haben, die nicht oder nur in unschädlicher Höhe auf die kritischen Gehäuseteile übertragen werden dürfen.Dies gilt auch für die bei Ausschaltungen auftretenden Beschleunigungen.
Eine kleine Federkonstante des Abschlußkörpers läßt sich durch eine gewölbte oder gewellte Form des Deckels erzielen. Durch eine derartige Gestaltung wird gegenüber ebenen Platten oder kegelstumpfförmigen Flächen nicht nur eine gravierende Reduzierung der Verstellkräfte des Gehäuses in axialer Richtung, sondern auch eine gewisse Beweglichkeit in radialer sowie in Richtung einer Neigung der Achse des Kontaktbolzens zusätzlich erreicht.In order to reduce the vibration stresses resulting from the switching operations and the short-circuit current forces, the invention provides an almost complete "decoupling" of the masses of the housing from the contact bolt of the fixed contact and its suspension in the switch by minimizing the spring constants of the terminating body while increasing the number of degrees of freedom of mobility of the contact pin inside the housing. So when switching on in the event of a short circuit at the moment of contact, considerable forces already act on the two contacts and their contact bolts. This can result in an eccentric first point of contact, via which the entire kinetic energy of the movable contact is transmitted. This eccentric load on the stationary contact can result in additional lateral forces that must not be transferred to the critical housing parts, or only at a harmless height. This also applies to the accelerations that occur when switching off.
A small spring constant of the closing body can be achieved by an arched or corrugated shape of the cover. With such a design, not only is there a significant reduction in the adjusting forces of the housing in the axial direction compared to flat plates or frustoconical surfaces, but also a certain mobility in the radial direction and in the direction of an inclination of the axis of the contact bolt.

Zum besseren Verständnis der Erfindung wird auf die Zeichnungen verwiesen. Im einzelnen wird folgendes dargestellt:

  • Figur 1 Schaltkammer eines Vakuumschalters bisheriger Bauart in schematischer Darstellung.
  • Figur 2 Schaltkammer nach Figur 1 bei einer Einschaltung unter Kurzschlußbedingungen.
  • Figur 3 Kombinierter Abschlußdeckel.
For a better understanding of the invention, reference is made to the drawings. The following is shown in detail:
  • Figure 1 switching chamber of a vacuum switch of the previous type in a schematic representation.
  • Figure 2 switching chamber of Figure 1 when switched on under short-circuit conditions.
  • Figure 3 Combined end cover.

Zur Darstellung der Problematik wird auf Figur 1 verwiesen.Bei einem Einschaltvorgang wird demnach die Masse m1 des beweglichen Kontaktes 1 mit der Geschwindigkeit

Figure imgb0007
mit dem ortsfesten Kontakt 2 in Berührung gebracht, der eine etwa gleichgroße Masse aufweist. Die Schaltkammer ist mit dem ortsfesten Kontaktbolzen 3 an einem anderen Teil des Schalters, zum Beispiel an einem Stützisolator über eine Traverse 7 festgemacht. Die Elastizität dieses Teils ergibt zusammen mit der des Kontakt bolzens 3 eine Federkonstante C1. Die kinetische Energie des beweglichen Kontaktes 1 bewirkt bei der Kontakt berührung eine elastische Auslenkung S1 des Kontaktbolzens 3 nach der Beziehung
Figure imgb0008
 To illustrate the problem, reference is made to FIG. 1. Accordingly, during a switch-on process, the mass m 1 of the movable contact 1 with the speed
Figure imgb0007
brought into contact with the fixed contact 2, which has an approximately equal mass. The switching chamber is attached to the fixed contact pin 3 on another part of the switch, for example on a post insulator via a cross member 7. The elasticity of this part together with that of the contact bolt 3 results in a spring constant C 1 . The kinetic energy of the movable contact 1 causes an elastic deflection S 1 of the contact pin 3 according to the relationship
Figure imgb0008

Da gleichzeitig mit der Berührung der Kontakte auch die Kontaktkraft Fk zur Wirkung kommt, addiert sich zur schwingenden Belastung noch eine statische Auslenkung von der Größe

Figure imgb0009
Since the contact force F k also comes into effect when the contacts are touched, a static deflection of the size is added to the vibrating load
Figure imgb0009

Die Gesamtauslenkung S1=S1' + S1" regt nun die Masse mG des Gehäuses über die Federkonstante C2 des Deckels 4 ebenfalls zu einer elastischen Schwingung an, deren Auslenkung S2 bei großer Frequenz f2 =

Figure imgb0010
zu erheblichen Spannungen vor allem an den Verbindungsstellen ,Ⓐ, Ⓑ und © führen können. Bei besonders ungünstiger Konstellation können an diesen Stellen Brüche oder Undichtigkeiten entstehen. Bei genauerer Betrachtungsweise kann man auch noch die Masse des Gehäuses unterteilen in eine solche für jedes Keramikrohr 5 und eine für das metallische Mantelrohr 6. Jedes dieser Teile stellt zusammen mit den jeweils zugehörigen Verbindungsteil z.B.dem Flansch 10 wiederum ein schwingungsfähiges Gebilde mit relativ zu f2 noch größerer Eigenfrequenz dar. Neben der Aufhängung der Vakuumschalterkammern an der Traverse 7 ist mittels der Buchse 8 noch eine axiale Führung des beweglichen Kontakts 1 in einer Ausnehmung des Stützteils 9 vorgesehen.The total deflection S 1 = S 1 '+ S 1 "now also excites the mass m G of the housing via the spring constant C 2 of the cover 4 to an elastic oscillation, the deflection S 2 of which at a high frequency f 2 =
Figure imgb0010
 can lead to considerable tension, especially at the connection points, Ⓐ, Ⓑ and ©. If the constellation is particularly unfavorable, breaks or leaks can occur at these points. On closer inspection, the mass of the housing can also be subdivided into one for each ceramic tube 5 and one for the metallic jacket tube 6. Each of these parts, together with the associated connecting part, for example the flange 10, in turn provides an oscillatory structure with relative to f 2 In addition to the suspension of the vacuum switch chambers on the crossmember 7, an axial guidance of the movable contact 1 in a recess of the support part 9 is also provided by means of the bushing 8.

In Figur 2 ist ein Einschaltvorgang unter Kurzschlußbedingungen dargestellt. Im Augenblick der Kontaktberührung fließt bereits ein beträchtlicher Strom ik, der unter Ausnutzung der elastischen Verformbarkeiten eine Schiefstellung des beweglichen Kontaktes 1 hervorruft, die in der Figur2 zum besseren Verständnis überzeichnet dargestellt ist. Die daraus resultierende exzentrische Berührungsstelle 11 ruft beim Aufprall der Kontakte nicht nur eine Verschiebung S1 des ortsfesten Kontakts 2, sondern auch eine Verdrehung a hervor, die für den Deckel 4 eine zusätzliche Verwölbung und für das Gehäuse an dessen kritischen Stellen, insbesondere bei Ⓐ, eine überlagerte Beanspruchung erzeugt.Bei einem relativ steifen Deckel 4 ergeben sich dadurch an einzelnen Stellen hohe mechanische Spannungsspitzen im Keramikrohr bzw. in der Lötverbindung zwischen Deckel 4 und Keramikrohr 5.FIG. 2 shows a switch-on process under short-circuit conditions. At the moment of contact, a considerable current i k already flows, which, using the elastic deformability, causes the movable contact 1 to be skewed, which is shown exaggerated in FIG. 2 for better understanding. The resulting eccentric contact point 11 not only causes a displacement S 1 of the fixed contact 2 upon impact of the contacts, but also a rotation a, which causes additional curvature for the cover 4 and for the housing at its critical points, in particular at Ⓐ, a relatively rigid cover 4 results in high mechanical stress peaks in the ceramic tube or in the soldered connection between cover 4 and ceramic tube 5.

Anstelle des plattenförmigen, steifen Deckels 4 von Figur 1 ist nach der Erfindung ein Abschlußkörper mit einem elastischen Abschnitt mit einer sehr niedrigen Federkonstanten in Verbindung mit einem plastisch verformbaren Abschnitt zur Minderung von durch den Herstellprozeß bedingten Schrumpfspannungen vorgesehen.Instead of the plate-shaped, rigid cover 4 of FIG. 1, according to the invention, a closure body with an elastic section with a very low spring constant in conjunction with a plastically deformable section is provided to reduce shrinkage stresses caused by the manufacturing process.

Gemäß Figur 3 ist mit dem Kontakt bolzen 3 ein wellenförmiger Teil 24 aus elastischem Werkstoff verbunden, während an der Stirnseite 13 des Keramikrohres 5 ein aus einem plastischen Metall hergestellter dünnwandiger Ring 25 mit seinem äußeren Schenkel 12a stirnseitig angelötet ist. Der Ring 25 kann beispielsweise im Querschnitt U- oder L-förmig ausgeführt sein. Der Ring 25 ist mit dem Deckel 24 ebenfalls am Bund 27 durch eine vakuumdichte Verbindungen zusammengefügt. Durch die in Figur 3 gezeigte Lösung können durch Formgebung und Werkstoffauswahl des dünnwandigen Ringes 25 die Schrumpfspannungen besonders gut minimiert werden.According to Figure 3 is connected to the contact bolt 3, a wave-shaped part 24 made of elastic material, while on the end face 13 of the ceramic tube 5, a thin-walled ring 25 made of a plastic metal with its outer leg 12a is soldered on the end face. The ring 25 can, for example, have a U-shaped or L-shaped cross section. The ring 25 is also joined to the cover 24 on the collar 27 by a vacuum-tight connection. The solution shown in FIG. 3 allows the shrinkage stresses to be minimized particularly well by shaping and selecting the material of the thin-walled ring 25.

Claims (6)

1. Switching chamber of a vacuum switch, comprising a housing with at least one highly vacuum-tight ceramic tube (5), a fixed contact (2) held by a contact pin supporting the switching chamber, and a bent sealing body (23), which connects the ceramic tube (5) to the fixed contact pin (3) of the housing in a vacuum-tight manner, transmits impact loads generated when the vacuum switch is switched on to the housing, and consists of two sections (24, 25), the inner end of one section (24) being connected to the fixed contact pin (3), whilst a second section (25) is connected to the outer end of this section (24) and is fixed to the end face of the ceramic tube (5) as well as to a contact (1), which is movable somewhat in the direction of the switch axis and is connected in a vacuum-tight manner to the housing via a gasket, said contact (1) touching the front of the fixed contact (2) in the switched-on position under the force of a contact spring, characterised in that the section (24) connected at its inner end to the fixed contact pin (3) is resiliently deformable and expands as a corrugated lid approximately perpendicular to the switch axis, in that the section (25) adjoining the outer end of the lid (24) is a thin-walled ring of a material with a low modulus of elasticity and a wide plastic deformation range, and in that the thin-walled ring (25) is U or L-shaped and is connected by a respective flange (12a) to the end face (13) of the ceramic tube (5), whilst the other flange (12b) is fixed to a collar (27) of the lid (24) and the ring reduces shrinkage stresses due to the manufacturing process at the joining point with the ceramic tube (5).
2. Switching chamber of a vacuum switch according to claim 1, characterised in that the fixing faces of the corrugated lid (24) with the contact pin (3) or the flange (12a) are disposed outside the evacuable part of the switching chamber and are formed as cylindrical collars (27).
3. Switching chamber of a vacuum switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the thin-walled ring (25) is manufactured from a gas-free copper.
4. Switching chamber of a vacuum switch according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterised in that the corrugated section (24) consists of a chromium-nickel steel with a wall thickness of 1 mm maximum.
5. Switching chamber of a vacuum switch according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterised in that the connections between the sections of the sealing body (24, 25) and the parts (3, 5) fixed thereto are soldered joints.
6. Switching chamber of a vacuum switch according to claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterised in that the connections between the components of the sealing lid (24, 25) and the parts (3, 5) fixed thereto are welded joints.
EP89113208A 1988-07-27 1989-07-19 Chamber of a vacuum interrupter switching Expired - Lifetime EP0352611B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3825407A DE3825407A1 (en) 1988-07-27 1988-07-27 SWITCH CHAMBER OF A VACUUM SWITCH
DE3825407 1988-07-27

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EP0352611A2 EP0352611A2 (en) 1990-01-31
EP0352611A3 EP0352611A3 (en) 1990-05-30
EP0352611B1 true EP0352611B1 (en) 1994-08-31

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EP89113208A Expired - Lifetime EP0352611B1 (en) 1988-07-27 1989-07-19 Chamber of a vacuum interrupter switching

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EP (1) EP0352611B1 (en)
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DE (2) DE3825407A1 (en)

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CN107610970A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-01-19 中科电力装备集团有限公司 Outdoor Intelligent high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker
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CN109036941B (en) * 2018-06-25 2021-09-17 平高集团有限公司 Keep apart fracture structure
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3825407A1 (en) 1990-02-01
DE3825407C2 (en) 1991-11-21
EP0352611A3 (en) 1990-05-30
DE58908263D1 (en) 1994-10-06
JPH0268825A (en) 1990-03-08
EP0352611A2 (en) 1990-01-31
US4962289A (en) 1990-10-09

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