EP1155429B1 - Vacuum interrupter chamber with ring-shaped insulator - Google Patents

Vacuum interrupter chamber with ring-shaped insulator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1155429B1
EP1155429B1 EP00912399A EP00912399A EP1155429B1 EP 1155429 B1 EP1155429 B1 EP 1155429B1 EP 00912399 A EP00912399 A EP 00912399A EP 00912399 A EP00912399 A EP 00912399A EP 1155429 B1 EP1155429 B1 EP 1155429B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact piece
membrane
power current
vacuum interrupter
switching
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EP00912399A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1155429A1 (en
Inventor
Harald Kurzmann
Kathrina Marek
Klaus Oberndörfer
Roman Renz
Johannes-Gerhard Banghard
Klemens Fieberg
Michael Hahn
Werner Hartmann
Detlev Schmidt
Jörg KUSSEROW
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/6606Terminal arrangements
    • H01H2033/6613Cooling arrangements directly associated with the terminal arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66238Specific bellows details

Definitions

  • the invention is in the field of electrical components and is in the design of vacuum interrupters apply whose housing two cap-like metal parts and has an annular insulator and for Switching purposes in the lower AC voltage range (up to 1000 V) are provided.
  • This switching tube has no special shielding to protect the inner formed by the annular insulator Isolation distance on, because a relatively wide end face of the annular insulator facing away from the contact area is.
  • the power connections of this well-known vacuum interrupter are - as usual - designed as bolts that passed axially through the respective cap-like metal part are.
  • the two contact pieces are otherwise as Pot contacts executed; but other well-known ones also come Contact forms into consideration (DE 44 22 316 A1).
  • Another Known contact form offer, for example, so-called spiral contacts (English: spiral petal contacts) with especially flat, plate-like contact electrodes with from the outside Inward circumferential slots are provided. This Slots can each consist of a straight-line section and of a hole breaking through the contact surface (EP 0 532 513 B1).
  • Vacuum interrupters are known in which the bellows one Forms part of the outer surface of the housing and thereby on the one hand with the power connection of the movable contact bolt and on the other side with a short tubular Insulator is soldered vacuum-tight (DE 37 09 585 C2).
  • the Bellows can be used with the isolator as well the power connection of the movable contact pin by a Cutting edge soldering must be connected (DE 195 10 850 C1).
  • Vacuum switches are also known which operate at a switching voltage from about 4 volts to a current of about 4,000 A. have switch and where cylindrical contacts in planar conductive end plates are recessed to an electrical Connection of the switch with electrical connection rails enable. Every contact is via a corrugated, disc-shaped membrane with a concentric to the switching distance arranged insulating ring soldered vacuum-tight.
  • Solder connection between the membranes and the insulating ring is in the one case a holder for a short tube piece of trained shielding included (US 4,216,360 A, DE 29 44 286 A).
  • the housing is also known for vacuum switching devices an arc quenching chamber to form one or more hermetic closed and evacuable cavities multi-walled, preferably double-walled.
  • an arc quenching chamber to form one or more hermetic closed and evacuable cavities multi-walled, preferably double-walled.
  • the vacuum interrupter enclosing the contacts first wall of the housing and the other for education a field-free cavity - the air and / or another Contains gas of much lower pressure than air pressure and for the accommodation of potential and drive controlling Elements suitable - one with the outside of the first Wall connected second wall of the housing provided, wherein the first wall by a resilient metal cylinder and a first section of an insulating outer wall and the second wall by a resilient metallic membrane and a pot-like second section of the insulating outer wall are formed (DE 181 33 89).
  • the invention has for its object the design of the known Reduce vacuum interrupter chamber while doing so to increase the switching capacity.
  • the invention provides that the power connection of the fixed contact piece as Plate is formed that that surrounding the two contact pieces Metal part tubular and frontal is connected to the plate and that the resilient metallic Barrier made of one with concentric corrugations provided, disc-shaped membrane, the one hand with the power connection of the movable Contact piece and on the other hand via an axially extending Ring flange is soldered to the annular insulator.
  • the membrane has a number Z of full corrugations with a wall thickness between 0.1 and 0.2 mm and a corrugation depth of about half the switching stroke, which is greater than 1 + integer of the third root from the outside Diaphragm diameter D A minus power connection bolt diameter D B multiplied by the wall thickness s of the membrane, but at least 3, whereby the individual dimensions are to be used in mm.
  • the above-mentioned boundary condition is as a mathematically formulated relationship:
  • the corrugation be chosen so that the radius of curvature is about that Switching stroke and the single shaft belly with an arc corresponds to a circumferential angle of approximately 90 °.
  • the curl can but also sinusoidal with straight flanks his.
  • a disc-shaped vapor barrier to arrange, for example, from a chrome-nickel steel exists and that with vacuum interrupters with small Switching capacity for mechanical amplification if necessary of the movable spiral contact reduced in thickness can be used.
  • the new design of the vacuum interrupter enables also a direct connection of the fixed contact piece to the associated plate-like power connection, whereby when using a connecting pin with a large diameter optimal heat dissipation for the movable contact piece is guaranteed.
  • the overall compact design is superfluous a special guide for the connecting bolt for the movable Contact piece, as was the case with vacuum interrupters for circuit breakers using a plastic socket is common. This results in a higher thermal load Vacuum interrupter possible.
  • the new construction of the vacuum interrupter makes it possible furthermore, all parts - except the ring-shaped Isolator - self-centering construction so that all Individual parts in a single operation (seal soldering) with each other without using expensive and complex soldering molds can be soldered. To do this, it is recommended that the fixed Contact piece with a short centering spigot to connect the plate-like power connector while the movable contact piece over the contact pin with the corrugated Membrane is connected centered.
  • the shape of the two contact pieces - especially in their Training as flat spiral contacts - surrounding tubular Part depends on the respective switching capacity from. With a small switching capacity of about 40 to 60 kA can this part can be designed as a hollow cylinder. With larger ones Switching capacity, i.e. with larger contact diameters, recommended it is the tubular part on the the annular Insulator facing end with a tapered taper Mistake; this enables the use of an isolator and a corrugated membrane with a significantly smaller diameter than that of the spiral contacts.
  • tubular part preferably made of copper it is recommended to place this on the inner wall in the area of the To provide the switching path with an arc-proof lining, for example by using sheet metal parts a chrome-copper composite or by a galvanic Coated with chrome.
  • the one between the corrugated membrane and the tubular part the housing arranged insulating ring can in a known manner by designing its cross-sectional contour accordingly be trained that the arrangement of a shield to protect against the deposition of metal vapor particles. If the insulating ring, however, only the insulating function fulfilled, the tubular metal part can serve as a steam screen have a working approach, as is inherent in the older German patent application 198 26 766.5 already proposed is. In this double function of the metal part the transition from the area belonging to the housing to the serving as a steam screen wavy, so that the metal part of the end face of the insulating ring is only linear touched and thus a kind in this area Allows cutting edge soldering.
  • the housing is made from an upper metal that acts as a power connection Plate 1 made of copper, a hollow cylindrical butt-soldered to it Wall part 3 made of copper, an annular insulator 4, one arranged coaxially to the annular insulator 4 corrugated membrane 5 and a cylindrical power connection bolt 2.
  • the annular insulator is the same as that Insulator according to DE 44 22 316 A1, i.e. approximately square in Cross section and with a bevel and an undercut, educated.
  • Inside the case are a fixed flat spiral contact 6 and a movable, flat spiral contact 7 arranged.
  • the spiral contact 6 is via a short centering spigot 61, which is in a centering hole engages in the spiral contact, connected to the plate 1.
  • the spiral contact 7 sits on a centering one Constriction 21 of the current supply pin causing the flow of current 2 on. This is at its other end in the Area of a centering projection 22 with the corrugated membrane 5 soldered.
  • the membrane 5 is in turn over the axially extending Ring flange 51 soldered to the insulator 4. This Ring flange can be formed in one piece with the membrane.
  • a vapor barrier 9 in the form of a flat one Washer made of a mechanically strong material such as Chrome-nickel steel arranged. This vapor barrier 9 is used to shade the annular insulator 4 opposite metal particles released during the switching process Spiral contacts 6 and 7.
  • the construction of the vacuum interrupter is chosen so that all Individual parts within a single soldering process can be soldered.
  • the degassing gaps required for this can with means known from the prior art in the joining area between the annular insulator 4 and the hollow cylindrical wall part 3 can be provided.
  • tubular metal part 3 is provided as a wall part, which with its ends on the one hand with the metal plate 1 and on the other with one end face of the annular insulator 4 is soldered; in the right part of the illustration is the wall part 31 integrally formed with a shield 32 and in the transition area from the wall part to the shielding designed wave-like.
  • the right part of the Illustration uses an insulating ring 41, the simple, has rectangular cross section.
  • - Farther 1 shows two different embodiments for the Connection of the corrugated membrane 5 with the power connection bolt 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the one that functions as a power connection Plate 1 of the vacuum interrupter according to Figure 1.
  • a rectangular or square shape of the planes Plate 1 remains enough space for holes 11 for attachment of the power connection to a corresponding part of a associated switching device.
  • the membrane shown in FIG. 1 can have the following dimensions, for example: Outside diameter D A 77 mm Inner diameter (Diameter of Power connection bolt) D B 25 mm Wall thickness s 0.2 mm Corrugation depth (distance between Wellenberg and Trough): t 2 mm Number Z of corrugations ⁇ 3

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)

Abstract

The novel vacuum interrupter chamber is provided for circuit-breakers in the low voltage range and is characterised by a compact structural shape with low height and high switching performance. The housing of said vacuum interrupter chamber consists of a plate-like power connection (21), a cylindrical wall component (3) which surrounds flat spiral petal contacts (6, 7), a ring-shaped insulator (4) and a diaphragm disc (5) with a centred power supplying pin (2).

Description

Die Erfindung liegt auf dem Gebiet der elektrischen Bauelemente und ist bei der konstruktiven Ausgestaltung von Vakuumschaltkammern anzuwenden, deren Gehäuse zwei kappenartige Metallteile und einen ringförmigen Isolator aufweist und für Schaltzwecke im unteren Wechselspannungsbereich (bis zu 1000 V) vorgesehen sind.The invention is in the field of electrical components and is in the design of vacuum interrupters apply whose housing two cap-like metal parts and has an annular insulator and for Switching purposes in the lower AC voltage range (up to 1000 V) are provided.

Bei einer bekannten Vakuumschaltkammer dieser Art sind die beiden kappenartigen, aus Kupfer bestehenden Metallteile, von denen das eine den eigentlichen Schaltraum für das feststehende und das axial bewegbare Kontaktstück bildet, am Ende des rohrförmigen Wandbereiches jeweils mittels einer Schneidenlötung mit dem ringförmigen Isolator vakuumdicht verbunden. Um mit dieser bekannten Vakuumschaltkammer bei möglichst kleinen axialen und radialen Abmessungen Kurzschlußströme im Bereich von 50 bis 100 kA sicher schalten zu können, ist ein Faltenbalg mit seinem einen Ende in unmittelbarer Nähe zum bewegbaren Kontaktstück an dessen Kontaktbolzen angelötet und wird vom ringförmigen Isolator konzentrisch umgeben; ein kappenförmiger Schutzschild am Boden des bewegbaren Kontaktstückes schützt dabei den Faltenbalg gegen elektrische Belastungen. - Diese Schaltröhre weist keine besondere Abschirmung zum Schutz der vom ringförmigen Isolator gebildeten inneren Isolierstrecke auf, da eine relativ breit ausgebildete Stirnfläche des ringförmigen Isolators dem Kontaktbereich abgewandt ist. - Die Stromanschlüsse dieser bekannten Vakuumschaltkammer sind - wie üblich - als Bolzen ausgeführt, die durch das jeweilige kappenartige Metallteil axial hindurchgeführt sind. - Die beiden Kontaktstücke sind im übrigen als Topfkontakte ausgeführt; doch kommen auch andere bekannte Kontaktformen in Betracht (DE 44 22 316 A1). - Eine andere bekannte Kontaktform bieten beispielsweise sogenannte Spiralkontakte (engl.: spiral petal contacts) mit insbesondere flachen, plattenartigen Kontaktelektroden, die mit vom äußerem Umfang nach innen verlaufenden Schlitzen versehen sind. Diese Schlitze können jeweils aus einem geradlinigen-Abschnitt und einer die Kontaktfläche durchbrechenden Bohrung bestehen (EP 0 532 513 B1).In a known vacuum interrupter of this type two cap-like, metal parts made of copper, by which one is the actual control room for the fixed and forms the axially movable contact piece at the end of the tubular wall area by means of cutting edge soldering connected vacuum-tight to the annular insulator. In order with this known vacuum interrupter as possible small axial and radial dimensions short-circuit currents in To be able to switch ranges from 50 to 100 kA safely is a Bellows with one end in close proximity to the movable contact piece soldered to the contact pin and is surrounded concentrically by the ring-shaped isolator; a cap-shaped Protective shield on the bottom of the movable contact piece protects the bellows against electrical loads. - This switching tube has no special shielding to protect the inner formed by the annular insulator Isolation distance on, because a relatively wide end face of the annular insulator facing away from the contact area is. - The power connections of this well-known vacuum interrupter are - as usual - designed as bolts that passed axially through the respective cap-like metal part are. - The two contact pieces are otherwise as Pot contacts executed; but other well-known ones also come Contact forms into consideration (DE 44 22 316 A1). - Another Known contact form offer, for example, so-called spiral contacts (English: spiral petal contacts) with especially flat, plate-like contact electrodes with from the outside Inward circumferential slots are provided. This Slots can each consist of a straight-line section and of a hole breaking through the contact surface (EP 0 532 513 B1).

Als Schaltelemente für Niederspannungsschütze sind bereits Vakuumschaltröhren bekannt, bei denen der Faltenbalg einen Teil der äußeren Oberfläche des Gehäuses bildet und hierbei einerseits mit dem Stromanschluß des bewegbaren Kontaktbolzens und andererseit stirnseitig mit einem kurzen rohrförmigen Isolator vakuumdicht verlötet ist (DE 37 09 585 C2). Der Faltenbalg kann dabei sowohl mit dem Isolator als auch mit dem Stromanschluß des bewegbaren Kontaktbolzens durch eine Schneidenlötung verbunden sein (DE 195 10 850 C1).As switching elements for low voltage contactors are already Vacuum interrupters are known in which the bellows one Forms part of the outer surface of the housing and thereby on the one hand with the power connection of the movable contact bolt and on the other side with a short tubular Insulator is soldered vacuum-tight (DE 37 09 585 C2). The Bellows can be used with the isolator as well the power connection of the movable contact pin by a Cutting edge soldering must be connected (DE 195 10 850 C1).

Für den Nebenschlußbetrieb von Gleichstromelektrolysezellen sind weiterhin Vakuumschalter bekannt, die bei einer Schaltspannung von etwa 4 Volt einen Strom von etwa 4 000 A zu schalten haben und bei denen zylindrische Kontakte in planare leitende Endplatten eingelassen sind, um eine elektrische Verbindung des Schalters mit elektrischen Anschlußschienen zu ermöglichen. Dabei ist jeder Kontakt über eine gewellte, scheibenförmige Membran mit einem konzentrisch zur Schaltstrecke angeordneten Isolierring vakuumdicht verlötet. In die mittels eines axialen Ringflansches als Schneidenlötung ausgeführte Lötverbindung zwischen den Membranen und dem Isolierring ist in dem einen Fall eine Halterung für eine als kurzes Rohrstück ausgebildete Abschirmung einbezogen (US 4,216,360 A, DE 29 44 286 A). For shunt operation of DC electrolysis cells Vacuum switches are also known which operate at a switching voltage from about 4 volts to a current of about 4,000 A. have switch and where cylindrical contacts in planar conductive end plates are recessed to an electrical Connection of the switch with electrical connection rails enable. Every contact is via a corrugated, disc-shaped membrane with a concentric to the switching distance arranged insulating ring soldered vacuum-tight. In the executed as an edge soldering by means of an axial ring flange Solder connection between the membranes and the insulating ring is in the one case a holder for a short tube piece of trained shielding included (US 4,216,360 A, DE 29 44 286 A).

Für Vakuumschalter, die als Vakuumschütze für Niederspannung Verwendung finden, ist es weiterhin bekannt, als federndes, eine Bewegung des beweglichen Kontaktstückes zulassendes Verschlußteil der Schaltkammer anstelle eines Faltenbalges auch eine Membran zu verwenden, die mit zwei tiefen, konzentrisch angeordneten Wellungen versehen ist. Im mittleren, eben ausgebildeten Bereich der Membran sind die beiden Teile des quergeteilten Stromanschlußbolzens des bewegbaren Kontaktes mit diesem Bereich der Membran verlötet (DE 27 25 092 A1).For vacuum switches that act as vacuum contactors for low voltage Use, it is still known as a springy, closure part permitting movement of the movable contact piece the switching chamber instead of a bellows too to use a membrane with two deep, concentric arranged corrugations is provided. In the middle, just trained The membrane area is the two parts of the cross-divided power connection bolt of the movable contact soldered to this area of the membrane (DE 27 25 092 A1).

Für Vakuumschaltgeräte ist es weiterhin bekannt, das Gehäuse einer Bogenlöschkammer zur Bildung eines oder mehrerer hermetisch abgeschlossener und evakuierbarer Hohlräume mehrwandig, vorzugsweise doppelwandig auszuführen. Dabei ist zum einen zur Bildung der Vakuumschaltkammer eine die Kontakte umschließende erste Wand des Gehäuses und zum anderen zur Bildung eines feldfreien Hohlraumes - der Luft und/oder ein anderes Gas von wesentlich geringerem Druck als Luftdruck enthält und sich für die Unterbringung potential - und antriebssteuernder Elemente eignet - eine mit der Außenseite der ersten Wand verbundene zweite Wand des Gehäuses vorgesehen, wobei die erste Wand durch einen federnden Metallzylinder und einen ersten Teilabschnitt einer isolierenden Außenwand und die zweite Wand durch eine federnde metallische Membran und einen topfartigen zweiten Teilabschnitt der isolierenden Außenwand gebildet sind (DE 181 33 89).The housing is also known for vacuum switching devices an arc quenching chamber to form one or more hermetic closed and evacuable cavities multi-walled, preferably double-walled. On the one hand to form the vacuum interrupter enclosing the contacts first wall of the housing and the other for education a field-free cavity - the air and / or another Contains gas of much lower pressure than air pressure and for the accommodation of potential and drive controlling Elements suitable - one with the outside of the first Wall connected second wall of the housing provided, wherein the first wall by a resilient metal cylinder and a first section of an insulating outer wall and the second wall by a resilient metallic membrane and a pot-like second section of the insulating outer wall are formed (DE 181 33 89).

Ausgehend von einer Vakuumschaltkammer mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches 1 (DE 44 22 316 A1) liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Bauform der bekannten Vakuumschaltkammer weiter zu verkleinern und dabei gleichzeitig das Schaltvermögen zu erhöhen. Starting from a vacuum interrupter with the features of The preamble of claim 1 (DE 44 22 316 A1) the invention has for its object the design of the known Reduce vacuum interrupter chamber while doing so to increase the switching capacity.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist gemäß der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß der Stromanschluß des feststehendes Kontaktstückes als Platte ausgebildet ist, daß das die beiden Kontaktstücke umgebendem Metallteil rohrförmig ausgebildet und stirnseitig mit der Platte verbunden ist und daß die federelastische metallische Sperrwand aus einer mit konzentrischen Wellungen versehenen, scheibenförmigen Membran besteht, die einerseits mit dem als Bolzen ausgebildeten Stromanschluß des bewegbaren Kontaktstückes und andererseits über einen axial verlaufenden Ringflansch mit dem ringförmigen Isolator verlötet ist.To achieve this object, the invention provides that the power connection of the fixed contact piece as Plate is formed that that surrounding the two contact pieces Metal part tubular and frontal is connected to the plate and that the resilient metallic Barrier made of one with concentric corrugations provided, disc-shaped membrane, the one hand with the power connection of the movable Contact piece and on the other hand via an axially extending Ring flange is soldered to the annular insulator.

Eine derartige Ausgestaltung der Vakuumschaltkammer führt zu einer flachen Bauform mit im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Vakuumschaltröhren deutlich verringerter Bauhöhe. Hierzu trägt zum einen die Ausgestaltung des einen Stromanschlusses als Platte anstelle eines bisher üblichen zylindrischen Bolzens bei, wobei diese Platte zugleich einen stirnseitigen Deckel der an sich zylindrischen Schaltkammer bildet. Zum anderen trägt hierzu die Verwendung einer gewellten Membran anstelle eines sonst üblichen Faltenbalges bei.Such a configuration of the vacuum interrupter leads to a flat design with compared to conventional vacuum interrupters significantly reduced overall height. This helps on the one hand the configuration of the one power connection as Plate instead of a previously common cylindrical bolt with, this plate also has a front cover which forms a cylindrical switching chamber. On the other hand contributes to this by using a corrugated membrane instead an otherwise common bellows.

Um bezüglich der unüblichen Verwendung einer Membran für eine Vakuumschaltkammer, die in einem Niederspannungs-Wechselstromversorgungsnetz eingesetzt wird, die erforderliche Schalthäufigkeit (mindestens 10.000) bei einem Schalthub von etwa 3 bis 5 mm zu gewährleisten, bedarf es einer geeigneten Dimensionierung der Anzahl und der Tiefe der Wellungen für die Membran. Hierzu ist als weitere Ausgestaltung der Erfindung vorgesehen, daß die Membran bei einer Wanddicke zwischen 0,1 und 0,2 mm und einer wellungstiefe von etwa dem halben Schalthub eine Anzahl Z von Vollwellungen aufweist, die größer als 1 + Ganzzahl der dritten Wurzel aus äußerem Membrandurchmesser DA minus Stromanschlußbolzendurchmesser DB multipliziert mit der Wanddicke s der Membran, mindestens aber 3 ist, wobei die einzelnen Maße in mm einzusetzen sind. Die vorstehend erwähnte Randbedingung lautet als mathematisch formulierte Beziehung:

Figure 00050001
In order to ensure the required switching frequency (at least 10,000) with a switching stroke of approximately 3 to 5 mm with regard to the unusual use of a membrane for a vacuum interrupter, which is used in a low-voltage AC supply network, the number and depth of the cables must be appropriately dimensioned Corrugations for the membrane. For this purpose, it is provided as a further embodiment of the invention that the membrane has a number Z of full corrugations with a wall thickness between 0.1 and 0.2 mm and a corrugation depth of about half the switching stroke, which is greater than 1 + integer of the third root from the outside Diaphragm diameter D A minus power connection bolt diameter D B multiplied by the wall thickness s of the membrane, but at least 3, whereby the individual dimensions are to be used in mm. The above-mentioned boundary condition is as a mathematically formulated relationship:
Figure 00050001

Bei einer derartigen Ausgestaltung der Membran kann die Wellung so gewählt werden, daß der Krümmungsradius etwa dem Schalthub und der einzelne Wellenbauch einem Kreisbogen mit einem Umfangswinkel von etwa 90 °entspricht. Die Wellung kann aber auch sinusartig mit geradlinigen Flanken ausgestaltet sein.With such a configuration of the membrane, the corrugation be chosen so that the radius of curvature is about that Switching stroke and the single shaft belly with an arc corresponds to a circumferential angle of approximately 90 °. The curl can but also sinusoidal with straight flanks his.

Zur weiteren Ausgestaltung der neuen Schaltkammer können konstruktive Maßnahmen herangezogen werden, wie sie bereits in der älteren deutschen Patentanmeldung 198 02 893.8 vorgeschlagen sind. Danach kann die flache Bauform der neuen Vakuumschaltkammer noch stärker ausgeprägt sein, wenn man die Kontaktstücke als Spiralkontakte, insbesondere als flache Spiralkontakte, ausbildet. Die Verwendung von Spiralkontakten führt außerdem zu einer besseren Lichtbogenführung, woraus ein besseres Schaltvermögen resultiert. So können bei Verwendung von flachen Spiralkontakten mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 90 mm Kurzschlußströme bis zu etwa 130 kA geschaltet werden. - Unabhängig vom Durchmesser der Spiralkontakte empfiehlt es sich, zwischen dem bewegbaren Kontaktstück und dem zugehörigen Stromanschlußbolzen eine scheibenförmige Dampfsperre anzuordnen, die beispielsweise aus einem Chrom-Nickel-Stahl besteht und die bei Vakuumschaltkammern mit kleinem Schaltvermögen gegebenenfalls zur mechanischen Verstärkung des in seiner Dicke reduzierten bewegbaren Spiralkontaktes herangezogen werden kann.For further design of the new switching chamber, constructive Measures are used as they are already in the older German patent application 198 02 893.8 proposed are. Then the flat design of the new vacuum interrupter be even more pronounced if you look at the Contact pieces as spiral contacts, especially as flat ones Spiral contacts, trained. The use of spiral contacts also leads to better arcing, from which better switching capacity results. So when in use of flat spiral contacts with a diameter of about 90 mm short-circuit currents up to about 130 kA switched become. - Regardless of the diameter of the spiral contacts recommended it between the movable contact piece and the associated power connection bolts a disc-shaped vapor barrier to arrange, for example, from a chrome-nickel steel exists and that with vacuum interrupters with small Switching capacity for mechanical amplification if necessary of the movable spiral contact reduced in thickness can be used.

Die neuartige Ausgestaltung der Vakuumschaltkammer ermöglicht auch eine unmittelbare Anbindung des feststehenden Kontaktstückes an den zugehörigen plattenartigen Stromanschluß, wodurch bei Verwendung eines Anschlußbolzens mit großem Durchmesser für das bewegbare Kontaktstück eine optimale Wärmeableitung gewährleistet ist. Die insgesamt kompakte Bauform erübrigt eine spezielle Führung des Anschlußbolzens für das bewegbare Kontaktstück, wie es bisher bei Vakuumschaltröhren für Leistungsschalter unter Verwendung einer Kunststoffbuchse üblich ist. Dadurch ist eine höhere thermische Belastung der Vakuumschaltkammer möglich.The new design of the vacuum interrupter enables also a direct connection of the fixed contact piece to the associated plate-like power connection, whereby when using a connecting pin with a large diameter optimal heat dissipation for the movable contact piece is guaranteed. The overall compact design is superfluous a special guide for the connecting bolt for the movable Contact piece, as was the case with vacuum interrupters for circuit breakers using a plastic socket is common. This results in a higher thermal load Vacuum interrupter possible.

Der neuartige Aufbau der Vakuumschaltkammer ermöglicht es weiterhin, alle Einzelteile - ausgenommen den ringförmigen Isolator - selbstzentrierend zu konstruieren, so daß alle Einzelteile in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang (Verschlußlötung) ohne Verwendung teurer und aufwendiger Lötformen miteinander verlötet werden können. Hierzu empfiehlt es sich, das feststehende Kontaktstück über einen kurzen Zentrierstutzen mit dem plattenartigen Stromanschluß zu verbinden, während das bewegbare Kontaktstück über den Kontaktbolzen mit der gewellten Membran zentriert verbunden ist.The new construction of the vacuum interrupter makes it possible furthermore, all parts - except the ring-shaped Isolator - self-centering construction so that all Individual parts in a single operation (seal soldering) with each other without using expensive and complex soldering molds can be soldered. To do this, it is recommended that the fixed Contact piece with a short centering spigot to connect the plate-like power connector while the movable contact piece over the contact pin with the corrugated Membrane is connected centered.

Die Form des die beiden Kontaktstücke - insbesondere in ihrer Ausbildung als flache Spiralkontakte - umgebenden rohrförmigen Teiles hängt von dem jeweils vorgesehenen Schaltvermögen ab. Bei kleinem Schaltvermögen von etwa 40 bis 60 kA kann dieses Teil als Hohlzylinder ausgebildet sein. Bei größerem Schaltvermögen, d.h. bei größeren Kontaktdurchmessern, empfiehlt es sich, das rohrförmige Teil an dem dem ringförmigen Isolator zugewandten Ende mit einer kegeligen Verjüngung zu versehen; dies ermöglicht die Verwendung eines Isolators und einer gewellten Membran mit deutlich geringerem Durchmesser als dem der Spiralkontakte. - Unabhängig von der Formgebung des vorzugsweise aus Kupfer bestehenden rohrförmigen Teiles empfiehlt es sich, dieses auf der Innenwand im Bereich der Schaltstrecke mit einer lichtbogenfesten Auskleidung zu versehen, beispielsweise durch Verwendung von Blechteilen aus einem Chrom-Kupfer-Verbundwerkstoff oder durch eine galvanische Beschichtung mit Chrom.The shape of the two contact pieces - especially in their Training as flat spiral contacts - surrounding tubular Part depends on the respective switching capacity from. With a small switching capacity of about 40 to 60 kA can this part can be designed as a hollow cylinder. With larger ones Switching capacity, i.e. with larger contact diameters, recommended it is the tubular part on the the annular Insulator facing end with a tapered taper Mistake; this enables the use of an isolator and a corrugated membrane with a significantly smaller diameter than that of the spiral contacts. - Regardless of the shape of the tubular part, preferably made of copper it is recommended to place this on the inner wall in the area of the To provide the switching path with an arc-proof lining, for example by using sheet metal parts a chrome-copper composite or by a galvanic Coated with chrome.

Der zwischen der gewellten Membran und dem rohrförmigen Teil des Gehäuses angeordnete Isolierring kann in bekannter Weise durch entsprechende Gestaltung seiner Querschnittskontur so ausgebildet sein, daß sich die Anordnung einer Abschirmung zum Schutz gegen die Ablagerung von Metalldampfpartikeln erübrigt. Wenn der Isolierring dagegen nur die Isolierfunktion erfüllt, kann das rohrförmige Metallteil einen als Dampfschirm wirkenden Ansatz aufweisen, wie es an sich in der älteren deutschen Patentanmeldung 198 26 766.5 bereits vorgeschlagen ist. Bei dieser Doppelfunktion des Metallteiles ist der Übergang von dem zum Gehäuse gehörenden Bereich zu dem als Dampfschirm dienenden Bereich wellenartig gestaltet, so daß das Metallteil die Stirnfläche des Isolierringes nur linienförmig berührt und damit in diesem Bereich eine Art Schneidenlötung ermöglicht.The one between the corrugated membrane and the tubular part the housing arranged insulating ring can in a known manner by designing its cross-sectional contour accordingly be trained that the arrangement of a shield to protect against the deposition of metal vapor particles. If the insulating ring, however, only the insulating function fulfilled, the tubular metal part can serve as a steam screen have a working approach, as is inherent in the older German patent application 198 26 766.5 already proposed is. In this double function of the metal part the transition from the area belonging to the housing to the serving as a steam screen wavy, so that the metal part of the end face of the insulating ring is only linear touched and thus a kind in this area Allows cutting edge soldering.

Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele der neuen Schaltkammer sind in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellt. Dabei zeigt

Figur 1
die Schaltkammer im Querschnitt und
Figur 2
den plattenartigen Stromanschluß in Draufsicht.
Two embodiments of the new switching chamber are shown in Figures 1 and 2. It shows
Figure 1
the switching chamber in cross section and
Figure 2
the plate-like power connector in top view.

Bei der dargestellten Vakuumschaltkammer besteht das Gehäuse aus einer als Stromanschluß fungierenden oberen metallenen Platte 1 aus Kupfer, einem daran stumpf angelöteten hohlzylindrischen Wandteil 3 aus Kupfer, einem ringförmigen Isolator 4, einer koaxial zum ringförmigen Isolator 4 angeordneten gewellten Membran 5 und einem zylindrischen Stromanschlußbolzen 2. Dabei ist der ringförmige Isolator gleichartig wie der Isolator gemäß DE 44 22 316 A1, d.h. annähernd quadratisch im Querschnitt sowie mit einer Abschrägung und einer Hinterschneidung, ausgebildet. Innerhalb des Gehäuses sind ein feststehender flacher Spiralkontakt 6 und ein bewegbarer, flacher Spiralkontakt 7 angeordnet. Der Spiralkontakt 6 ist über einen kurzen Zentrierstutzen 61, der in eine Zentrierbohrung im Spiralkontakt eingreift, mit der Platte 1 verbunden. Der Spiralkontakt 7 sitzt auf einem zentrierenden, eine Verengung des Stromflusses bewirkenden Ansatz 21 des Stromzuführungsbolzens 2 auf. Dieser ist an seinem anderen Ende im Bereich eines Zentrieransatzes 22 mit der gewellten Membran 5 verlötet. Die Membran 5 ist ihrerseits über den axial verlaufenden Ringflansch 51 mit dem Isolator 4 verlötet. Dieser Ringflansch kann einstückig mit der Membran ausgebildet sein. - Zwischen dem bewegbaren Spiralkontakt 7 und dem Stromzuführungsbolzen 2 ist noch eine Dampfsperre 9 in Form einer flachen Scheibe aus einem mechanisch festen Material wie beispielsweise Chrom-Nickel-Stahl angeordnet. Diese Dampfsperre 9 dient der Abschattung des ringförmigen Isolators 4 gegenüber beim Schaltvorgang freigesetzten Metallpartikeln der Spiralkontakte 6 und 7.In the vacuum interrupter shown, the housing is made from an upper metal that acts as a power connection Plate 1 made of copper, a hollow cylindrical butt-soldered to it Wall part 3 made of copper, an annular insulator 4, one arranged coaxially to the annular insulator 4 corrugated membrane 5 and a cylindrical power connection bolt 2. The annular insulator is the same as that Insulator according to DE 44 22 316 A1, i.e. approximately square in Cross section and with a bevel and an undercut, educated. Inside the case are a fixed flat spiral contact 6 and a movable, flat spiral contact 7 arranged. The spiral contact 6 is via a short centering spigot 61, which is in a centering hole engages in the spiral contact, connected to the plate 1. The spiral contact 7 sits on a centering one Constriction 21 of the current supply pin causing the flow of current 2 on. This is at its other end in the Area of a centering projection 22 with the corrugated membrane 5 soldered. The membrane 5 is in turn over the axially extending Ring flange 51 soldered to the insulator 4. This Ring flange can be formed in one piece with the membrane. - Between the movable spiral contact 7 and the power supply bolt 2 is still a vapor barrier 9 in the form of a flat one Washer made of a mechanically strong material such as Chrome-nickel steel arranged. This vapor barrier 9 is used to shade the annular insulator 4 opposite metal particles released during the switching process Spiral contacts 6 and 7.

Der Aufbau der Vakuumschaltkammer ist so gewählt, daß alle Einzelteile im Rahmen eines einzigen Lötvorganges miteinander verlötet werden können. Die hierzu erforderlichen Entgasungsspalte können mit aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Mitteln im Fügebereich zwischen dem ringförmigen Isolator 4 und dem hohlzylindrischen Wandteil 3 vorgesehen werden.The construction of the vacuum interrupter is chosen so that all Individual parts within a single soldering process can be soldered. The degassing gaps required for this can with means known from the prior art in the joining area between the annular insulator 4 and the hollow cylindrical wall part 3 can be provided.

Bei der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 sind für das zwischen dem plattenartigen Stromanschluß 1 und dem ringförmigen Isolator 4 angeordnete rohrförmige Metallteil zwei verschiedene Ausführungsformen dargestellt. Im linken Teil der Darstellung ist als Wandteil ein rohrförmiges Teil 3 vorgesehen, das mit seinen Enden einerseits mit der metallenen Platte 1 und andererseits mit der einen Stirnfläche des ringförmigen Isolators 4 verlötet ist; im rechten Teil der Darstellung ist das Wandteil 31 einstückig mit einer Abschirmung 32 ausgebildet und im Übergangsbereich vom Wandteil auf die Abschirmung leicht wellenartig gestaltet. Zusätzlich ist im rechten Teil der Darstellung ein Isolierring 41 verwendet, der einen einfachen, rechteckförmigen Querschnitt aufweist. - Weiterhin zeigt Figur 1 zwei verschiedene Ausführungsformen für die Verbindung der gewellten Membran 5 mit dem Stromanschlußbolzen 2. In der linken Darstellung ist eine Schneidenlötung am Umfang des Stromanschlußbolzens 2 vorgesehen, während in der rechtsseitigen Darstellung die gewellte Membran 52 im Bereich einer Zentrierschulter mit dem Stromanschlußbolzen 2 verlötet ist. Weiterhin ist in der linken Darstellung ein mit der Membran verschweißter Ringflansch 51 vorgesehen, während in der rechtsseitigen Darstellung der Ringflansch einstückig mit der Membran ausgeformt ist.In the illustration according to FIG. 1, for the between the plate-like power connector 1 and the annular insulator 4 arranged tubular metal part two different embodiments shown. In the left part of the illustration a tubular part 3 is provided as a wall part, which with its ends on the one hand with the metal plate 1 and on the other with one end face of the annular insulator 4 is soldered; in the right part of the illustration is the wall part 31 integrally formed with a shield 32 and in the transition area from the wall part to the shielding designed wave-like. In addition, in the right part of the Illustration uses an insulating ring 41, the simple, has rectangular cross section. - Farther 1 shows two different embodiments for the Connection of the corrugated membrane 5 with the power connection bolt 2. In the illustration on the left there is a cutting edge soldering on Extent of the power connection bolt 2 is provided while in the right-hand representation of the corrugated membrane 52 in the area a centering shoulder soldered to the power connection bolt 2 is. Furthermore, in the illustration on the left is a membrane welded ring flange 51 provided while in the right-hand representation of the ring flange in one piece with the Membrane is formed.

Figur 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die als Stromanschluß fungierende Platte 1 der Vakuumschaltkammer gemäß Figur 1. Durch eine rechteckförmige bzw. quadratische Formgebung der ebenen Platte 1 bleibt genügend Raum für Bohrungen 11, die zur Befestigung des Stromanschlusses an einem entsprechenden Teil eines zugehörigen Schaltgerätes dienen.FIG. 2 shows a top view of the one that functions as a power connection Plate 1 of the vacuum interrupter according to Figure 1. By a rectangular or square shape of the planes Plate 1 remains enough space for holes 11 for attachment of the power connection to a corresponding part of a associated switching device.

Die in Figur 1 gezeigte Membran kann beispielsweise folgende Abmessungen aufweisen: Außendurchmesser DA 77 mm Innendurchmesser (Durchmesser des Stromanschlußbolzens) DB 25 mm Wanddicke s 0,2 mm Wellungstiefe (Abstand zwischen Wellenberg und Wellental): t 2 mm Anzahl Z der Wellungen ≥3 The membrane shown in FIG. 1 can have the following dimensions, for example: Outside diameter D A 77 mm Inner diameter (Diameter of Power connection bolt) D B 25 mm Wall thickness s 0.2 mm Corrugation depth (distance between Wellenberg and Trough): t 2 mm Number Z of corrugations ≥3

Claims (3)

  1. Vacuum switching chamber for switching short-circuit currents in the low-voltage range,
    comprising: a stationary contact piece (6) and a contact piece (7) which can move axially with respect to it, each having an associated power current connection,
    and an enclosure which surrounds the contacts,
    with the power current connection of the moving contact piece (7) being in the form of a cylindrical bolt (2), and
    with the enclosure having rigid metal parts, an annular insulator and a resilient gas-tight metallic separating wall,
    and these enclosure parts being connected to one another in a specific arrangement and being connected in a gas-tight manner to the power current connections of the contact pieces,
    and surrounding one of the rigid metal parts together with both the stationary contact piece and the moving contact piece (6, 7),
    characterized in that the power current connection of the stationary contact piece (6) is in the form of a plate (1),
    in that the metal part (3) which surrounds the two contact pieces (6, 7) is tubular and is connected at the end to the plate (1),
    and in that the resilient, metallic separating wall comprises a membrane (5) which is provided with concentric corrugations, is in the form of a disc, and is soldered on one side to the power current connection (which is in the form of a bolt (2)) of the moving contact piece (7) and on the other side via an axially running annular flange (51) to the annular insulator (4).
  2. Vacuum switching chamber according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that, for a switching movement of 3 to 5 mm, the membrane (5) has
    a wall thickness s of between 0.1 and 0.2 mm,
    a corrugation depth t of approximately half the switching movement, and
    a number Z of full corrugations, which satisfy the condition
    Figure 00140001
    where
    DA = external diameter of the membrane [ mm ]
    DB = diameter of the power current connecting bolt of the moving contact piece [ mm ] and
    s = thickness of the membrane [ mm ].
  3. Vacuum switching chamber according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that the contact pieces are in the form of flat spiral contacts (6, 7).
EP00912399A 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Vacuum interrupter chamber with ring-shaped insulator Expired - Lifetime EP1155429B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19910148A DE19910148C2 (en) 1999-02-26 1999-02-26 Vacuum interrupter with annular isolator
DE19910148 1999-02-26
PCT/DE2000/000576 WO2000052719A1 (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Vacuum interrupter chamber with ring-shaped insulator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1155429A1 EP1155429A1 (en) 2001-11-21
EP1155429B1 true EP1155429B1 (en) 2003-01-08

Family

ID=7900120

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00912399A Expired - Lifetime EP1155429B1 (en) 1999-02-26 2000-02-25 Vacuum interrupter chamber with ring-shaped insulator

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6864456B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1155429B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002538592A (en)
CN (1) CN1178254C (en)
DE (2) DE19910148C2 (en)
HK (1) HK1042773B (en)
WO (1) WO2000052719A1 (en)

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WO2000052719A1 (en) 2000-09-08
US6864456B1 (en) 2005-03-08
HK1042773B (en) 2005-05-06
JP2002538592A (en) 2002-11-12
EP1155429A1 (en) 2001-11-21
CN1178254C (en) 2004-12-01
HK1042773A1 (en) 2002-08-23
CN1341267A (en) 2002-03-20
DE50001042D1 (en) 2003-02-13
DE19910148C2 (en) 2001-03-22
DE19910148A1 (en) 2000-09-14

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