Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
  • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
  • C11D3/38663—Stabilised liquid enzyme compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
  • C11D1/88—Ampholytes; Electroneutral compounds
  • C11D1/94—Mixtures with anionic, cationic or non-ionic compounds

Definitions

• This invention concerns stabilized enzymatic liquid detergent compositions for cleaning a wide range of items including hard surfaces and soft goods such as textiles both for commercial and home use. More particularly, the invention relates to a stabilized composition comprising a relatively unstable enzyme.
• Liquid enzymatic detergents are well-known in the prior art.
• the enzymes incorporated in liquid detergents have mostly been Bacillus proteases, but the prior art also suggests that incorporation of enzymes other than Bacillus proteases may be useful, e.g. other enzyme types (such as amylases, lipases and cellulases) as well as enzymes of non-Bacillus origin (e.g. fungal enzymes).
• a major problem which is encountered with such compositions is that of ensuring a sufficient stability of the enzymes in the compositions during storage.
• One approach to overcoming this stability problem lies in selecting, from among the available enzymes, one with relatively good stability in conventional liquid detergents.
• Esperase product of Novo-Nordisk A/S
• a protease from an alkalophilic Bacillus prepared according to US 3,723,250.
• R Esperase
• This invention relates to liquid detergents comprising such a relatively unstable enzyme and particularly to improving the stability of the enzyme during storage.
• the prior art deals extensively with stabilization of enzymes in liquid detergents. It is known that a number of commonly used detergent ingredients, such as detergent builders, may destabilize enzymes, so enzyme stability can be improved by eliminating these or reducing their amount. The prior art also teaches stabilization of enzymes by incorporation of various compounds that are not detergent active. JP-A 57-158,718 discloses enzyme stabilization in toothpaste by addition of dimethyl alkyl betaine.
• It is the object of this invention to provide a liquid detergent composition comprising a relatively unstable enzyme having improved enzyme stability during storage without the need for incorporating detergent-inactive materials.
• the amphoteric compounds which are used for enzyme stabilization in detergents according to the present invention are advantageous in comparison with alkyl betaines in that they in addition to the enzyme stabilization effect have very good washing performance in combination with nonionic tensides. They also give a fabric softening and bactericidal effect.
• the object of the invention is achieved by providing a stabilized enzymatic liquid detergent composition comprising an effective amount of a microbial enzyme, said enzyme having less than 300/0 residual activity when tested by adding the enzyme to a liquid test detergent and storing for 2 weeks at 40° C, said test detergent containing 12% of alcohol ethoxylate (C12/C13 alcohol with an average of 6.5 moles of ethylene oxide), 5% of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (dodecylbenzene sulfonate), 5% of citric acid and 4% of triethanolamine (% by weight) in water adjusted to a pH of 9.2 with NaOH said stabilized detergent composition comprising from about 1 to 50% by weight of an amphoteric surfactant having the general formula (I)
• the group R is, as said above, a hydrocarbon group with 7 to 22 carbon atoms, suitably 12 to 22 and preferably 12 to 20.
• the hydrocarbon group can be straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated and optionally contain substituents such as hydroxyl or carboxyl groups.
• the group R may also contain one or several, up to about 20, ethylene oxide groups.
• the group R is preferably an alkyl or alkenyl group but may also be a cycloalkyl-alkyl group, an aralkyl or aralkenyl group wherein the alkyl or alkenyl group contains at least 6 carbon atoms. It is preferred that R is a hydrocarbon group originating from coconut, tallow or oleic fatty acid.
• Preferred compounds of formula (I) have the formula (II): where Q is CH 2 -COOM or CH 2 CH 2 -COOM, y is 1, 2 or 3, and where M, R, x and B are as indicated above. Preferably all groups B are groups Q.
• Particularly preferred compounds of formula (II) have the formula (III): where R is defined as above, and y is 1, 2 or 3. Mixtures of compounds having different values for y of above formulae II and III respectively are also preferred. R in these compounds preferably originates from tallow acid.
• enzyme stabilization is obtained by incorporation of a certain type of amphoteric surfactant that is itself detergent active.
• the incorporation of non-active material solely for the purpose of enzyme stabilization can be avoided or reduced.
• Amphoteric compounds of the type disclosed above as well as their use in detergents are previously known and reference is made to European patent applications 160507, 162600 and 214868 and to 2nd Word Surfactants Congress, Paris, 24-27 May 1988, Proceedings pp. 449-475, J. Palicka. These references disclose the amphoteric compounds and their general bactericidal, detergent properties etc and their use together with various additives such as other surfactants, bleaching agents, enzymes, builders, foaming agents etc.
• the enzyme used in the composition of the invention is relatively unstable in the sense that it retains less than 300/0 of its activity after two weeks storage at 37° C in a test detergent of specified composition (detergent C-LAS of example I).
• Microbial enzymes suitable for the present compositions include proteases, lipases, amylases and cellulases.
• the enzymes are derived from microbial sources, such as Bacillus and fungi.
• the detergent composition of the invention will usually also contain a nonionic surfactant, e.g. about 3-200/0 by weight. Further, the composition may optionally contain anionic surfactant and/or a second amphoteric surfactant, e.g. about 3-15% by weight. It may be preferable that the composition is essentially free of anionic surfactant, as this may destabilize some enzymes.
• Suitable surfactants are:
• the liquid detergent of the invention may be aqueous, e.g. containing 20-70% of water and 0-20% of solvent, or containing 1-200/ 0 of water and 5-25% of solvent. Satisfactory enzyme stability may be obtained even at water contents above 500/0. Alternatively, it may be essentially free of water (e.g. water content below 10/ 0 ), and will then typically contain 10-30 0 /o of solvent.
• Typical solvents are mono- and divalent lower alcohols and glycol ethers.
• the detergent composition of the invention may be built (i.e. comprising a detergent builder) or unbuilt (i.e. essentially free of a detergent builder). Enzyme stability is generally better in an unbuilt composition, but it may be desired to include a builder for improved detergency.
• a built composition typically contains about 1-40%, by weight, of a builder such as zeolite, phosphate, phosphonate, citrate, NTA, EDTA or DTPA.
• a soluble calcium salt is preferably included in an amount giving about 1-20 ⁇ -mol/l as Ca, as calcium stabilizes many detergent enzymes. pH will typically be neutral or alkaline, particularly preferred between 8-10.
• the compositions may also contain, depending on the intended use, additives such as fabric conditioner (e.g. quaternary ammonium salts, typically 1-5%), foam boosters (e.g. 1-50/o), bactericides (e.g. 1-5 0 /o), optical brighteners (eg 0.1-1%), dyes e.g. 0.1-1%) and perfumes (eg 0.1-1%).
• Samples of essentially unbuilt and zeolite-built liquid detergents with various water content were prepared with the following general composition (% by weight, as active material):
• the polyacrylate was Alcosperse 409, and the phosponate was Dequest 2006.
• the non-ionic surfactant was alcohol ethoxylate; for detergents B, BI and Z it consisted of the following Dobanol types (Shell): 25-9, 23-6.5 and 23-3 in the ratio 3:1:1, and for detergent C it consisted of Dobanol 23-6.5 only.
• the anionic/amphoteric surfactant in each formulation was one of the following:
• washing tests were made with three different detergents of formulation BI of Example I, containing 0.5% (by weight) of Savinase 8.0L (alkalophilic Bacillus protease). The tests were made with freshly prepared detergent, and with detergent after two weeks storage at 37°C.
• the anionic/surfactant in each of the three detergents was as follows:
• the washing conditions were as follows:

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)

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Cited By (18)

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Citations (3)

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• 1988
  • 1988-11-24 JP JP29479988A patent/JPH0241398A/ja active Pending
• 1989
  • 1989-06-22 EP EP19890850212 patent/EP0352244A3/de not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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