EP0350855B1 - Kommutator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Kommutator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0350855B1
EP0350855B1 EP19890112647 EP89112647A EP0350855B1 EP 0350855 B1 EP0350855 B1 EP 0350855B1 EP 19890112647 EP19890112647 EP 19890112647 EP 89112647 A EP89112647 A EP 89112647A EP 0350855 B1 EP0350855 B1 EP 0350855B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
segments
commutator
accordance
seat
segment body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19890112647
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0350855A3 (en
EP0350855A2 (de
Inventor
Heinz Gerlach
Lothar Dr. Woerner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kautt and Bux Commutator GmbH
Original Assignee
Kautt and Bux Commutator GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kautt and Bux Commutator GmbH filed Critical Kautt and Bux Commutator GmbH
Publication of EP0350855A2 publication Critical patent/EP0350855A2/de
Publication of EP0350855A3 publication Critical patent/EP0350855A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0350855B1 publication Critical patent/EP0350855B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/04—Commutators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/06—Manufacture of commutators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a commutator for electrical machines, the segments of which form at least one seat for a prestressed reinforcement ring which is concentric with the longitudinal axis of the commutator, and to a method for producing such a commutator.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a commutator with pretensioned reinforcing rings which has a significantly higher dynamic and thermal strength than the known pressurized commutators, but is nevertheless inexpensive even with small dimensions, and thus also an increase in performance in the area of small to medium-sized electrical machines allowed by increasing the speed.
  • the plastic pre-shaping of the segment parts forming the seat for the reinforcement ring in the radial direction outwards causes the seat to continue to expand and thus also the expansion of the reinforcement ring, from which the prestressing results.
  • the reinforcement ring can therefore be tension-free on the Seat be applied before its expansion, which results in a significant reduction in manufacturing costs. But the expansion process can also be carried out inexpensively for any size of commutator.
  • the seat can easily be expanded to such an extent that the reinforcement ring not only experiences an elastic expansion, but also a plastic diameter increase.
  • the inner diameter of the reinforcement ring can also be dimensioned with relatively large tolerances before it is widened, so that each reinforcement ring can be applied to a seat with a play required for easy handling.
  • the commutator according to the invention can therefore be rationally produced not only for larger, but especially also for small to medium-sized electrical machines manufactured in large quantities, since there is no additional cost share for difficult handling and for increased dimensional accuracy of the individual parts compared to the known press commutators, whose segment body is provided with one or more tension-free reinforcement rings.
  • the space between the segments can be at least partially filled with press material, as is the case with the known press commutators.
  • press material as is the case with the known press commutators.
  • the molding material and the segments are under an arch pressure.
  • the design according to the invention also offers advantages in the field of vault pressure commutators with insulating lamellae and shrink rings or prestressed reinforcing rings arranged between the segments.
  • the known vaulted pressure commutators are characterized above all by an excellent operating behavior of their brush running surface, which results in low heating of the commutator, high operational reliability, less maintenance and a longer service life.
  • the manufacturing effort the known vaulted pressure commutators is, however, considerably higher than that of the known ring-reinforced press commutators. So far, commutators of the arch pressure type have only been used in larger electrical machines where the higher costs are justified due to their area of application.
  • the advantageous operating behavior of the brush tread in vaulted pressure commutators stems from the fact that a very high pressure and therefore a correspondingly high surface pressure of the segments and the insulating lamellae lying between them is built up via the prestressed rings in the vault of the commutator, as a result of which individual segments migrate even when the segments are full Centrifugal stress is avoided with certainty.
  • the commutator has absolutely elastic behavior in all operating states.
  • the reduction in diameter of the segment body much larger than the span of the reinforcement rings and the pressure built up in the vault so high that the reinforcement rings are biased after ejecting the segment body from the bushing so that the vault pressure required for a given operating load builds up in the segment body , it is sufficient to slide the reinforcement rings onto the seats provided for them.
  • the segment body is formed by plastic deformation of the insulating lamellae
  • the reduction in diameter achieved in the elastic region is significantly smaller than the overall reduction in diameter of the segment body.
  • the size of the reduction in diameter caused in the elastic region becomes determined mainly by the number and strength of the portion of the circumference of the segment body resulting from the insulating lamellae, since the insulating lamellae are relatively soft spring elements compared to the segments made of copper. This means that with a decreasing division, ie in the case of a segment body with a small number of insulating lamellae and segments, the elastic clamping path decreases.
  • each reinforcement ring is plastically expanded according to a known reduction in diameter of the segment body, then it is sufficient to push the reinforcement rings onto the seat in the unheated state.
  • the design according to the invention therefore makes it possible to replace vaulted pressure commutators with shrink rings by more economical vaulted pressure commutators in which the reinforcing rings can be applied without heating.
  • the design according to the invention makes it possible in a simple manner to produce commutators with prestressed reinforcing rings, the segments of which are spaced in their outer region by separate spacer strips or by spacers molded onto them, which are only removed after the segment body has been pressed out with a molding material embedding them or by overturning the commutator be eliminated.
  • segment bodies constructed in this way permit only a very small reduction in diameter within their elastic range, it is not possible to reduce their diameter so much for the purpose of attaching a reinforcement ring to a seat on the segment body that a high clamping path required for prestressing the reinforcement ring is achieved becomes. However, this is not disturbing for the commutator according to the invention, since the pretensioning of the reinforcement rings is independent of the elastic behavior of the segment body.
  • the design according to the invention also enables the use of one-piece segment bodies which are produced from a profiled tube piece, a profiled strip section or by extrusion.
  • the segment body is not held together by anchoring the segments in the insulating molding material, the anchoring means are not molded onto the segments. This is of great advantage particularly in the case of extruded segment bodies.
  • the inner circumferential surface of the segment body bears against the press material filling the space between it and the outer circumferential surface of a hub or shaft or against an insulating or insulated hub or shaft. Because a warm deformation the brush tread, ie a deviation of the brush tread from the cylindrical shape under thermal load can be prevented by pressing the segments in the radial direction on the hub or shaft, the hub or shaft is advantageously biased in the radial direction by the segments and reinforcing rings.
  • this pretension is achieved by shrinking the armored segment body onto the hub or shaft or by pressing pressed material into the space between the hub or shaft on the one hand and the inner surface of the segment body on the other hand and thereby expanding the armored segment body.
  • the seats for the reinforcement rings are also advantageous to design the seats for the reinforcement rings according to claim 9.
  • the seat When the commutator is subjected to the highest dynamic stress, the seat then forms a cylindrical surface, as a result of which the reinforcement ring arranged on it experiences uniform stress. This would not be the case if the seat defined a cylindrical surface when the commutator was stationary, since it would then take on a conical shape when subjected to dynamic loads.
  • the invention is also based on the object of specifying a method according to which the commutator according to the invention is simple to manufacture. This object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1.
  • a hollow cylindrical segment body 3 is composed of segments 2 of the same design, consisting of copper or another suitable metal.
  • segments 2 of the same design, consisting of copper or another suitable metal.
  • a narrow spacer bar 4 which has the same thickness as the desired distance, extends over the entire axial length of the segment body 3 is selected between the segments 2.
  • spacer bars can also, as shown in the right half of Fig. 2, between the segments 2 each use a separate spacer bar 4 ', the thickness of which is chosen as that of the spacer bars 4.
  • the spacer strips 4 or 4 ' lie on the side surface of the adjacent segment 2.
  • the segment body 3 is provided on both ends with an annular groove 5 running concentrically to its longitudinal axis.
  • the two material grooves 6 delimiting these ring grooves 5 against the longitudinal axis of the segment body 3 each form a seat for a reinforcement ring 7.
  • the axial length of the material parts 6 is slightly greater than the axial length of the reinforcement ring 7 to be accommodated, but is significantly smaller than the axial length of the the annular groove 5 outwardly delimiting material portion of the segments 2.
  • the width of the annular grooves 5 is greater than the thickness of the reinforcing rings 7 measured in the radial direction, so that a space is present between them and the outer boundary surface of the annular grooves 5.
  • the reinforcement rings 7, which are insulated steel rings, but instead of which glass fiber reinforced plastic rings could also be used, can be pushed onto their seats with play.
  • the material parts 6 of, two mutually movable mandrels 9 which are pressed from the two end faces into the segment body 3, so far radially outward that the plastic expansion of the ring seat Reinforcement rings receive the desired tension.
  • the segment body 3 is located in a thick-walled bushing 10, which prevents the outer diameter of the segment body 3 from increasing during the widening process.
  • the seats interrupted in the circumferential direction by the slots 8 for the two reinforcement rings 7 have, after the plastic deformation of the material parts 6, a diameter which becomes somewhat larger towards their open end, as shown in FIG. 3. Furthermore, due to the plastic deformation of the material parts 6, the inside diameter of the segment body 3 is somewhat larger in the area of the material parts 6 than in the middle section lying between them.
  • segment body 3 and a steel hub 11 in the form of a cylindrical bush are placed in a tool in which the space between the outer surface of the hub 11 and the inner surface of the segment body 3, the free spaces between adjacent segments, the still free spaces of the annular grooves 5 and the areas of the segment body 3 with pressed material that are set back in the axial direction relative to the two end faces 12 can be filled.
  • the segment body 3 is then under a vault pressure generated by the prestressing of the reinforcement rings 7, which presses the segments 2 against the molding material 12 filling the slots 8.
  • the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 3 only in that the material parts 106 of the segments 102 initially protrude radially inward beyond the central section, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • This protrusion is chosen so large that the required expansion of the reinforcement rings 107, which is partially plastic as with the reinforcement rings 7, is achieved when the inner surface of the material portions 106 facing the longitudinal axis is aligned with the inner surface of the central section of the segments 102 after the expansion process.
  • the distance between the inside of the material parts 106 from the longitudinal axis of the segment body 103 to the free end increases slightly, since two mandrels (not shown) have been used for the expansion, which taper slightly towards their free end.
  • a hub 111 is inserted concentrically into the segment body 103 and press material 112 is introduced into the intermediate spaces. After it has cooled, the spacer strips 104 are removed by unscrewing.
  • the segments 202 differ from the segments 102 only in that no spacer elements corresponding to the spacer strips 104 are attached to them are molded. This is because an insulating lamella 204 made of micanite is inserted between the segments.
  • the seat formed by the material parts 206 for the two reinforcement rings 207 can be cylindrical before the plastic deformation of the material parts 206, as shown in FIG. 7 and is also the case with the segments 102.
  • the segments 202 can also be designed in such a way that they initially form a seat which tapers conically towards their free end, which additionally facilitates the application of the reinforcement rings.
  • the seat widening in such a way that when the commutator is at rest, the seat has an increasing diameter toward the free end of the material parts 206 forming it. If the resulting angle, which the surface of the material parts 206 forming the seat encloses with the longitudinal axis, is chosen such that the seat assumes a cylindrical shape when the segments are subjected to maximum centrifugal force, then a uniform and thus optimal stress loading of the reinforcement rings is achieved with this load . In the case of the commutator shown in FIG. 10, which is to be provided with a hub 211 and pressed out with molding material 212, the diameter of the seat for the reinforcing rings 207 and also their diameter toward the adjacent end face of the commutator increases somewhat in the idle state.
  • the segment body 203 is pressed into a thick-walled bushing before the application of the reinforcement rings 207 for the purpose of forming, ie reducing the diameter while plastically deforming the insulating lamellas 204.
  • an initially excessive arch pressure is reached.
  • the seats for the reinforcement rings 207 are expanded in this socket. If the segment body 203 is now ejected from the bushing, the excessive arch pressure is reduced to almost the normal value while the tension in the reinforcement rings is increased at the same time. Of the Normal value is reached when, finally, the segment body 203 has been shrunk onto a hub 211 'provided with a thin insulating layer 211, the hub 211 receiving a radial prestress.
  • Such a pre-tensioning of the hub could also be achieved by pressing molding material between the hub and the inner surface of the heated segment body with high pressure, whereby the segment body 203 can be widened until it rests against the inner wall of the press bushing receiving it.
  • These legs 306 which define a hollow cylindrical part which projects beyond the rear side of the segments 302, represent the material parts which form the seat for a reinforcing ring 307 to be plastically expanded.
  • the legs 306 therefore protrude inward over part of their length the inward end face of segments 302 as shown in FIG. 12. After the plastic expansion of the seat, the inside of the legs 306 is aligned with the inside of the segments 302, as can be seen from FIG. 16.
  • the spaces between the segments 302 and the annular space between a hub 311 and the segments 302 and the leg 306 are filled with molding material 312.
  • the reinforcement ring 307 is covered with the molding material 312. Only when the molding material 312 has hardened, the connecting ring 304 'and the webs 304 are turned off. Each segment 302 is then provided with recesses 313 in its outer edge zone for the connection of one winding end.
  • the commutator shown in FIGS. 17 to 21 also has an extruded segment body 403.
  • the leg lying parallel to the longitudinal axis of the commutator forms the brush running surface, while the leg which projects radially outwards serves as the connection for a winding end.
  • the extrusion of the segment body 403 is also unproblematic here since no anchoring elements have to be molded onto the segments 402.
  • the segments 402 are only at the end carrying the leg for the solder connection with an open end, which is delimited to the longitudinal axis of the segment body by a material portion 406 to form a first seat and at the other end of the leg forming the brush running surface with an axial end over this tread protruding material portion 406 ', which projects radially inwards and serves to form a second seat.
  • the material portions 406 and 406 ' which delimit them towards the commutator axis are plastically deformed in the radial direction towards the outside.
  • the segment body 403 is covered by a thick-walled bush 401 supported from the outside, as shown in FIG. 21.
  • the mandrel 409 used for the expansion has two sections with different diameters, so that both seat expansions can be carried out in a single operation.
  • a hub 411 is inserted into the segment body 403 and the space between it and the segment body 403 is filled with molding material 412.
  • the pressed material also covers, as shown in Fig. 20, the reinforcing rings 407 and the parts of the material 406, 406 'carrying them completely.
  • the legs of the segments 402 serving for connection are provided with recesses 415 for the winding ends to be connected, and the segment body 403 is turned over to remove the webs 404 connecting the segments 402.
  • the segment body 503 with a seat for a reinforcing ring 507 forming ring grooves 505 'which do not open like the ring groove 505 towards the end face, but only towards the longitudinal axis of the commutator is.
  • all parts of the material 506 of the segments 502, which each form one of the seats can then be plastically deformed in a single operation by means of a mandrel 509 in the radial direction to such an extent that the reinforcing ring 507 receives the desired tension .
  • the commutator is then finished using one of the methods described above, for example by filling the annular grooves 505 and 505 'and the space between the segment body 503 and a hub 511 with molding material 512.
  • a profile strip 116 the profile of which is selected to be the same as the cross-sectional profile of the segments 102 to be produced, is first of all exposed with a T-like punch-out to expose the material parts 106 117 provided.
  • the two arms of the punched-out 117 which extend in the longitudinal direction of the profile band 116, have a width that decreases transversely to the longitudinal extent of the profile band 116 toward their common central section.
  • the material parts 106 are plastically deformed so far in the transverse direction of the profile band 116 by means of a tool to be inserted into the punched-out 117 that the width of the punched-out 117 measured in the transverse direction of the profiled band 116 'is constant over its entire extent in the longitudinal direction of the profiled band 116 is.
  • the surface of the material parts 106 which later forms the seat for one of the reinforcing rings 107 is therefore now parallel to the surface of the segment 102 which will later form part of the brush tread.
  • the segment 102 is separated from the profiled strip 116 in the middle of the punched-out area 117 '.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
EP19890112647 1988-07-14 1989-07-11 Kommutator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Expired - Lifetime EP0350855B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3823845 1988-07-14
DE19883823845 DE3823845A1 (de) 1988-07-14 1988-07-14 Kommutator und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0350855A2 EP0350855A2 (de) 1990-01-17
EP0350855A3 EP0350855A3 (en) 1990-09-19
EP0350855B1 true EP0350855B1 (de) 1995-02-15

Family

ID=6358640

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890112647 Expired - Lifetime EP0350855B1 (de) 1988-07-14 1989-07-11 Kommutator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0350855B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3823845A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4201593C2 (de) * 1992-01-22 1999-06-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Kommutator für elektrische Maschinen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
SI9300660A (en) * 1993-12-16 1995-06-30 Kolektor D O O Idrija Commutator for small and midle electric machines and process for making it
WO1995022184A1 (de) * 1994-02-10 1995-08-17 Comtrade Handelsgesellschaft Mbh Armierungsring für rotationskörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
EP0944938B1 (de) * 1996-12-12 2002-05-08 COMTRADE HANDELSGESELLSCHAFT mbH Kommutator mit armierungsring
DE19837961C2 (de) * 1998-08-21 2001-08-16 Kirkwood Ind Gmbh Kommutator und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kommutators
DE10319460A1 (de) 2003-04-29 2004-11-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrohandwerkzeugmaschine mit elektromotorischem Antrieb
DE102007051583A1 (de) * 2007-10-29 2009-04-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kommutatorrings für einen Rollkommutator einer Elektromaschine, sowie Elektromaschine
DE102008042507A1 (de) * 2008-09-30 2010-04-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kommutator und Herstellungsverfahren für einen solchen

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2606220A (en) * 1951-03-16 1952-08-05 Gen Electric Dynamoelectric machine commutator
DE3048470C2 (de) * 1980-12-22 1992-03-05 Kautt & Bux Kg, 7000 Stuttgart Kommutator und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE3823844A1 (de) * 1988-07-14 1990-01-18 Kautt & Bux Kg Kommutator fuer elektrische maschinen und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3823845A1 (de) 1990-01-18
DE3823845C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-05-23
EP0350855A3 (en) 1990-09-19
EP0350855A2 (de) 1990-01-17

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