EP0348862A2 - Dispositif auxiliaire de refroidissement de la peau pour un appareil d'épilation - Google Patents

Dispositif auxiliaire de refroidissement de la peau pour un appareil d'épilation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0348862A2
EP0348862A2 EP89111596A EP89111596A EP0348862A2 EP 0348862 A2 EP0348862 A2 EP 0348862A2 EP 89111596 A EP89111596 A EP 89111596A EP 89111596 A EP89111596 A EP 89111596A EP 0348862 A2 EP0348862 A2 EP 0348862A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hair
auxiliary device
cooling element
skin
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP89111596A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0348862A3 (fr
Inventor
Alexander Levin
Shalom Aviel
Dov Tibi
Uri Erez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0348862A2 publication Critical patent/EP0348862A2/fr
Publication of EP0348862A3 publication Critical patent/EP0348862A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D26/00—Hair-singeing apparatus; Apparatus for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers
    • A45D26/0061—Hair-singeing apparatus; Apparatus for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers with means for reducing pain during hair removal
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D26/00—Hair-singeing apparatus; Apparatus for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers
    • A45D26/0042—Hair-singeing apparatus; Apparatus for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers with flexible members provided with slits opening and closing during use
    • A45D26/0047—Hair-singeing apparatus; Apparatus for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers with flexible members provided with slits opening and closing during use with a helicoidal spring
    • A45D26/0052—Hair-singeing apparatus; Apparatus for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers with flexible members provided with slits opening and closing during use with a helicoidal spring power-driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D26/00—Hair-singeing apparatus; Apparatus for removing superfluous hair, e.g. tweezers
    • A45D2026/008—Details of apparatus for removing superfluous hair
    • A45D2026/009—Details of apparatus for removing superfluous hair with additional lotion applicator, e.g. interchangeable

Definitions

  • the invention is generally in the field of cosmetic apparatuses and more specifically concerns an auxiliary device for a hair removing apparatus which is capable of cooling the skin from which the hair is to be removed, thereby significantly decreasing the pain which is generally associated with such removal of hair.
  • the principle of the rotating helical spring was incorporated into a electrically-powered depilatory device disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,524,772.
  • the device disclosed there comprises a helical spring, consisting of a helical adjacent windings, which is driven to rotate around its axis by an electric motor. In operation, the rotating helical spring is moved along the surface of a hair-bearing skin portions, the hair is caught by the rotating helical spring and plucked.
  • the known hair-removing devices have a fundamental drawback in that the plucking of the hair can be very painful. This drawback limits considerably the widespread use of such device, particularly for sensitive skin surfaces.
  • the present invention is based on the realisation that the pain associated with hair plucking by a hair-removing apparatus may be avoided or significantly decreased if the skin is anaesthetised by cooling prior to the removal of hair. This is achieved in accordance with the invention by adding an auxiliary skin cooling device to the hair removing apparatus.
  • the present invention provides an auxiliary device for a hair-removing apparatus capable of reducing sensitivity of the skin to pain prior to hair removal, comprising a cooling element adapted to cooling the skin from which hair is to be removed (hereinafter to be referred to at times as "the auxiliary device").
  • the present invention also provides a hair-removing apparatus characterised in that it comprises an auxiliary device capable of reducing sensitivity of-the skin to pain by cooling it prior to hair removal by the apparatus's hair-removing unit.
  • the auxiliary device will generally comprise a cooling element which will be placed in front of the hair-removing unit of the apparatus.
  • the user usually moves the apparatus in a forward direction on the surface of the skin which will thus be in contact first with said cooling element and only then with said hair-removing unit of the apparatus. consequently the skin will be cooled prior to the removal of hair by said apparatus and thus during said removal, the skin will be in a a temporary state of anaesthesia.
  • the cooling element in the auxiliary device will be a circumferential or semi-circumferential element partially or entirely surrounding the hair-removing unit of the apparatus or several cooling elements will be provided, together partially or entirely surrounding the hair-removing unit from all sides. This will enable to move the apparatus in other directions than formed while cooling the skin prior to the removal of hair.
  • the attachment of the cooling element to the body of the auxiliary device or the attachment of the auxiliary device to the apparatus may not necessarily be always rigid. It may sometimes be desired that one or both of said attachment be elastic.
  • the cooling element may be devised so that in the slack state of said attachment or when applying a light force thereon, its lower, skin touching, surface, will be at a level below that of the hair-removing unit. Thus in operation at first only said surface of the cooling element will touch the skin. Thereafter, upon the application of a stronger downward force on the apparatus, the hair-removing element will be lowered and thereafter the cooling of the skin will continue coincidentally with the removal of hair.
  • Such an arrangement allows the user to first cool the skin and only after the loss of sensation to start the hair-removing operation.
  • the cooling device may-comprise a cold accumulating cooling element or alternatively a thermoelectric cooling element.
  • a cold accumulating cooling element should be cooled prior to use, e.g. by placing it in an ice-box, while a thermoelectric cooling element is devised to generate cold during operation.
  • a cold accumulating cooling element may in theory be made of a metal alloy or another heat conducting material, this is in fact impractical since the cold capacity of such a material is relatively low and therefore, in order to achieve substantial cooling of the skin for prolonged periods of time, it will have to be large and thus too heavy for comfortable use.
  • a frozen liquid has a very high cold capacity at the phase-changing temperature, i.e the temperature in which it melts. It has been realized, in accordance with the invention that this physical phenomenon may be used to advantage of devising cold accumulating elements which are both small and have a large cold capacity.
  • the cold accumulating cooling element preferably comprises a small compartment filled with a liquid which is capable of changing its phase from solid to liquid (or vice versa) at a certain desired temperature.
  • phase changing liquid may be a mixture of alcohol, such as ethanol, in water or an aqueous salt solution, all of which change their phase at a temperature below 0°C
  • phase changing liquids are a mixture of 10% ethanol in water or a 7% NaCl solution, both of which have a phase changing temperature of about -6°C, (which temperature is obtainable in most domestic refrigerator's ice-boxes).
  • said compartment may contain a certain amount of a heat conducting filler such as metal powder, which significantly improves the performance of such a cold accumulating cooling element.
  • Such cold accumulating cooling elements when cooled below the phase changing temperature of the phase-changing liquid, have a cold capacity per unit volume which is several orders of magnitude higher than that of a metal alloy. Furthermore, unlike such an alloy the temperature of such a cooling element remains essentially constant over a relatively prolonged period of time.
  • the above described cold accumulating cooling element confers coldness to the skin through a heat conducting bottom wall portion, e.g. made of metal, while its other wall portions are preferably heat insulating, either made of an insulating material or coated by such.
  • either the entire auxiliary device or the cold accumulating cooling element should preferably be detachable in order to avoid the need to place the entire apparatus in the cold.
  • the auxiliary device or the cold accumulating cooling element are detached and then placed in the cold for a sufficient amount of time for the phase-changing liquid to freeze.
  • the cooling element may also be a thermo-electric element.
  • Thermo-electric elements are known per se and generally consist of two semi-conductor branches connected in series, one of which has n-conductivity and the other p-­conductivity. These two branches are situated between two commutation plates which realise the hot and cold junctions of the thermo-electric element, generated as a result of a DC current flowing through these junctions. It is a characteristic feature of such elements that heat is pumped from one junction to the other, namely one of the plates cools while the other heats up.
  • the cold junction's commutation plate is brought into contact with the skin or cools another heat conducting, e.g. metal, plate which in turn is brought into contact with the skin.
  • the heat produced at the hot junction has to be removed.
  • This may be performed by an attached heat conducting body having heat exchange fins or pins attached thereto, or integral therewith, usually on its upper surface.
  • the heat conducting body may comprise an internal compartment partially filled with a liquid which boils at a relatively low temperature such as various types of freon of the type which boils between 30° - 40°C.
  • the improved heat conduction is a result of the evaporation of liquid in consequence to heating by the hot commutation plate and then subsequent condensation on the internal compartments' surfaces which underly those surfaces of the heat conduction body which are are provided with heat exchange fins or pins.
  • some of the internal surfaces of said compartment may be coated with a capillary coating for increasing the efficiency of the heat conduction.
  • the heat from the heat exchange fins or pins is removed either by natural convection or by the aid of an air stream produced by a small blower fan.
  • auxiliary cooling device in accordance with the invention may be designed to fit any hair-removing device.
  • the invention is described, only as an example, with reference to a known hair-removing apparatus manufactured in accordance with U.S. Patent 4,524,772, which is sold throughout the world under the tradename EPILADY (manufactured by MEPRO, Hagoshrim, Israel).
  • the hair-removing apparatus 1 shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 comprises a casing 2, a rotatable helical coil 3, which is the hair-removing unit of the apparatus, and an electric, on-off, switch 4.
  • the electric current for the apparatus operation is provided by an external power supply (not shown) connected to the apparatus via a socket at the apparatus rear (also not shown).
  • the auxiliary device 5 is shaped so as to fit the front casing 2 of the hair-removing apparatus 1 and comprises a cooling element of which only the lower skin touching surface 6 is seen protruding below the lower edge of the auxiliary device 5.
  • the lower surface 6 of the cooling element is essentially in front of the hair-removing unit. It should be emphasised that it may also be possible in accordance with various other embodiments to design the auxiliary cooling device so that its cooling element's lower surface will be circumferential or semi-­circumferential so that it will totally or partially surround the hair-removing unit.
  • the cooling element in the auxiliary cooling device of 15 the present invention should preferably have temperature below 0°C at the skin touching surface.
  • the lower surface 6 of the cooling element is slightly above the lower level of the hair-removing unit 3 of apparatus 1.
  • the auxiliary unit is elastically fastened to the apparatus and the cooling element may thus be devised in a manner that its lower surface will be at a lower level than that of the hair-removing unit. While light pressure is applied, only said lower portion is in contact with the skin. When applying a stronger pressure on the apparatus, the hair-­removing unit is lowered to the skin and brought into contact therewith.
  • the auxiliary cooling device 7 in the embodiment shown in Figs. 4 and 5 consists of a plastic base portion 8 and a cooling element 9.
  • Base portion 8 may be detachably attached to the casing of the hair-removing apparatus (not shown) by various means such as, for example, by a hook-velvet fabric, e.g. that sold under the trade name VELCRO (Velcro S.A. Lenzerheide, Switzerland), one piece of which will be attached to a base portion 8, and a complementary piece on a matching surface of the casing of said apparatus.
  • a hook-velvet fabric e.g. that sold under the trade name VELCRO (Velcro S.A. Lenzerheide, Switzerland)
  • the cooling element 9 is a small container consisting of plastic side wall portions 10 and 10′ which are integral with base portion 8 and forming together with a heat conductive metal bottom wall portion 11 a liquid-containing compartment 12.
  • the liquid is preferably a solution having a phase transition temperature below 0 6, such as an aqueous ethanol solution (e.g. 10% ethanol in water), other aqueous alcohol solutions, a salt solution (e.g. 7% NaCl in water) and the like. Since during freezing a liquid solution slightly expands in volume, the internal compartment has a small enclosed volume of gas 13 to allow for such an expansion.
  • the cooling element is a thermo-electric element 14, having attached thereto a heat conducting body 15 bearing heat-exchange fins 16 on its upper surface and has an internal elongated heat conducting compartment 17 which contains a liquid, such as freon, which boils at a temperature between 30 -40°C. Heat is transported to the fins by evaporation of the liquid and its subsequent condensation on the fin-bearing portions of said compartment.
  • the upper front portion 19 of the casing of the auxiliary cooling device has to be perforated and may at times even be removed.
  • thermo-electric element requires a supply of DC current which is preferably provided by an external power supply (not shown) which may be the same as that providing power to the apparatus.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
EP19890111596 1988-06-27 1989-06-26 Dispositif auxiliaire de refroidissement de la peau pour un appareil d'épilation Withdrawn EP0348862A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IL86872 1988-06-27
IL86872A IL86872A0 (en) 1988-06-27 1988-06-27 Auxilliary device for hairplucking apparatus

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0348862A2 true EP0348862A2 (fr) 1990-01-03
EP0348862A3 EP0348862A3 (fr) 1991-01-16

Family

ID=11058984

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19890111596 Withdrawn EP0348862A3 (fr) 1988-06-27 1989-06-26 Dispositif auxiliaire de refroidissement de la peau pour un appareil d'épilation

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0348862A3 (fr)
AU (1) AU3703889A (fr)
BR (1) BR8903136A (fr)
FR (1) FR2633166A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2219936A (fr)
IL (1) IL86872A0 (fr)
IT (1) IT1230927B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA894871B (fr)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0493849A1 (fr) * 1990-12-17 1992-07-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Procédé d'épilation
WO1995007638A1 (fr) * 1993-09-15 1995-03-23 Seb S.A. Appareil a epilation mecanique par arrachage de poils sur la peau
FR2709932A1 (fr) * 1993-09-15 1995-03-24 Seb Sa Appareil à épilation mécanique par arrachage de poils sur la peau.
WO1995024840A1 (fr) * 1994-03-16 1995-09-21 Braun Aktiengesellschaft Appareil d'epilation
EP0807388A1 (fr) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-19 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Appareil d'épilation à main avec stimulateur pour marquer la douleur
WO2000076361A1 (fr) 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme d'epilation equipe d'un dispositif epilatoire et d'un dispositif de refroidissement
WO2000076362A1 (fr) * 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme d'epilation et dispositif d'epilation ainsi que dispositif de refroidissement pourvu d'une chemise thermique isolante
WO2000076359A1 (fr) 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Appareil d'epilation a boitier de forme angulaire
WO2000076360A1 (fr) 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme d'epilation avec un appareil d'epilation et un dispositif de refroidissement interconnectes par des organes de connexion a encliquetage
WO2000076363A1 (fr) 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme d'epilation avec dispositif d'epilation et dispositif de refroidissement comportant certains parametres
DE10020819A1 (de) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-08 Braun Gmbh Zubehörteil für ein Epilationsgerät
FR2812542A1 (fr) * 2000-08-04 2002-02-08 Dermoline Dispositif d'application localisee de froid durant un traitement d'epilation definitive
WO2003065948A1 (fr) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme de soins personnels avec dispositif de soins personnels et dispositif de refroidissement
EP1884173A1 (fr) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-06 Seb Sa Appareil à épiler à flux d'air de construction perfectionnée
WO2009118670A2 (fr) 2008-03-25 2009-10-01 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Poste d’accueil et procédé de refroidissement pour un dispositif de traitement de la peau
US7891362B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2011-02-22 Candela Corporation Methods for treating pigmentary and vascular abnormalities in a dermal region
US8057488B2 (en) 2006-06-26 2011-11-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Epilating apparatus and cooling/heating pad for the same apparatus
US8246611B2 (en) 2006-06-14 2012-08-21 Candela Corporation Treatment of skin by spatial modulation of thermal heating
US8277495B2 (en) 2005-01-13 2012-10-02 Candela Corporation Method and apparatus for treating a diseased nail
WO2013191426A1 (fr) * 2012-06-21 2013-12-27 Koo Sung Min Peigne de massage à froid
US9028469B2 (en) 2005-09-28 2015-05-12 Candela Corporation Method of treating cellulite

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2454283A1 (fr) * 1979-04-18 1980-11-14 Lamy Perret Emile Appareil a epiler les duvets
EP0228117A1 (fr) * 1985-12-17 1987-07-08 Juan Cots Tana Procédé d'épilage des peaux complètes

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2454283A1 (fr) * 1979-04-18 1980-11-14 Lamy Perret Emile Appareil a epiler les duvets
EP0228117A1 (fr) * 1985-12-17 1987-07-08 Juan Cots Tana Procédé d'épilage des peaux complètes

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0493849A1 (fr) * 1990-12-17 1992-07-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Procédé d'épilation
WO1995007638A1 (fr) * 1993-09-15 1995-03-23 Seb S.A. Appareil a epilation mecanique par arrachage de poils sur la peau
FR2709933A1 (fr) * 1993-09-15 1995-03-24 Seb Sa Appareil à épilation mécanique par arrachage de poils sur la peau.
FR2709932A1 (fr) * 1993-09-15 1995-03-24 Seb Sa Appareil à épilation mécanique par arrachage de poils sur la peau.
US5849018A (en) * 1993-09-15 1998-12-15 Seb S.A. Mechanical epilator for pulling hair from the skin while the skin is being numbed
WO1995024840A1 (fr) * 1994-03-16 1995-09-21 Braun Aktiengesellschaft Appareil d'epilation
US5704935A (en) * 1994-03-16 1998-01-06 Braun Aktiengesellschaft Appliance for epilating hair
EP0807388A1 (fr) * 1996-05-15 1997-11-19 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Appareil d'épilation à main avec stimulateur pour marquer la douleur
US5916222A (en) * 1996-05-15 1999-06-29 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Hand-held depilating device with a pain masking stimulator
WO2000076362A1 (fr) * 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme d'epilation et dispositif d'epilation ainsi que dispositif de refroidissement pourvu d'une chemise thermique isolante
US6575983B1 (en) 1999-06-11 2003-06-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Depilation system with a depilation device and a cooling device which are interconnected by snap connection means
WO2000076359A1 (fr) 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Appareil d'epilation a boitier de forme angulaire
WO2000076360A1 (fr) 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme d'epilation avec un appareil d'epilation et un dispositif de refroidissement interconnectes par des organes de connexion a encliquetage
WO2000076363A1 (fr) 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme d'epilation avec dispositif d'epilation et dispositif de refroidissement comportant certains parametres
WO2000076361A1 (fr) 1999-06-11 2000-12-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme d'epilation equipe d'un dispositif epilatoire et d'un dispositif de refroidissement
US6406483B1 (en) 1999-06-11 2002-06-18 Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. Depilation system with a depilation device and a cooling device having certain parameters
US6416521B1 (en) 1999-06-11 2002-07-09 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Depilation system with a depilation device and a cooling device
US6443961B1 (en) 1999-06-11 2002-09-03 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Depilation device with a housing of angled design
JP2003501191A (ja) * 1999-06-11 2003-01-14 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 或るパラメータを持つ冷却装置及び脱毛装置を有する脱毛システム
DE10020819A1 (de) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-08 Braun Gmbh Zubehörteil für ein Epilationsgerät
WO2001082739A1 (fr) * 2000-04-28 2001-11-08 Braun Gmbh Accessoire pour appareil d'epilation
FR2812542A1 (fr) * 2000-08-04 2002-02-08 Dermoline Dispositif d'application localisee de froid durant un traitement d'epilation definitive
WO2003065948A1 (fr) * 2002-02-06 2003-08-14 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Systeme de soins personnels avec dispositif de soins personnels et dispositif de refroidissement
US8277495B2 (en) 2005-01-13 2012-10-02 Candela Corporation Method and apparatus for treating a diseased nail
US9028469B2 (en) 2005-09-28 2015-05-12 Candela Corporation Method of treating cellulite
US7891362B2 (en) 2005-12-23 2011-02-22 Candela Corporation Methods for treating pigmentary and vascular abnormalities in a dermal region
US8246611B2 (en) 2006-06-14 2012-08-21 Candela Corporation Treatment of skin by spatial modulation of thermal heating
US9486285B2 (en) 2006-06-14 2016-11-08 Candela Corporation Treatment of skin by spatial modulation of thermal heating
US8057488B2 (en) 2006-06-26 2011-11-15 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Epilating apparatus and cooling/heating pad for the same apparatus
EP1884173A1 (fr) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-06 Seb Sa Appareil à épiler à flux d'air de construction perfectionnée
FR2904515A1 (fr) * 2006-08-01 2008-02-08 Seb Sa Appareil a epiler a flux d'air de construction perfectionnee
WO2009118670A2 (fr) 2008-03-25 2009-10-01 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Poste d’accueil et procédé de refroidissement pour un dispositif de traitement de la peau
US8435251B2 (en) 2008-03-25 2013-05-07 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Docking station for a skin treatment device having a cooling member
WO2013191426A1 (fr) * 2012-06-21 2013-12-27 Koo Sung Min Peigne de massage à froid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2219936A (en) 1989-12-28
BR8903136A (pt) 1990-02-06
IL86872A0 (en) 1988-11-30
AU3703889A (en) 1990-01-04
FR2633166A1 (fr) 1989-12-29
GB8914640D0 (en) 1989-08-16
ZA894871B (en) 1990-03-28
IT8920990A0 (it) 1989-06-26
IT1230927B (it) 1991-11-08
EP0348862A3 (fr) 1991-01-16

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