EP0345322B1 - Method for installing a lift or load elevator inside a building, assembly jigs used therefor, lift or load elevator thus obtained - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for installing a lift or a load elevator inside a building, the assembly jigs used for such purpose and the lift or load elevator thus obtained. According to this method, the assembly jigs (1) are successively arranged in place, which jigs comprise lift elements (guiding rails (13, 15) and doors which are prepositioned in the support shield (5). These elements are secured without adjustment to the supporting shield and the jig is removed.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for mounting an elevator or hoist within a building, of the type in which elements of the elevator, car guide rails and counterweights are mounted step by step. mounting jigs used and the elevator or hoist thus obtained.

According to conventional techniques for installing elevators in buildings, the elevator (s) are installed when the main structure of the building is finished and in particular when the elevator shaft is formed. The equipment of the sheath (guide rails, doors and electrical equipment of the elevator) is set up level by level from fixed or mobile scaffolding.

This method has the disadvantage of depending to a large extent on the execution of the building structure, so that the start of installation of the elevator is delayed. In addition, numerous adjustments must be made to adapt the elevator to the building, in particular at the thresholds of the building's landings as well as the positioning of the guide rails.

Particularly known from US-A-3 851736 is a mounting device for an elevator which uses a hoist system with an elevating beam of the cabin guide rails and counterweight, by which the rails taken up and raised by the winch system are mounted in the elevator shaft step by step and connected one after the other as one rises in the shaft. The structure thus mounted then serves as a reference for mounting the other accessories step by step in the sheath. This device requires considerable assembly work on the part of the assembly technicians, in particular with regard to all the accessories of the elevator in the shaft. It also depends on the execution of the structural work.

• positionner et fixer les éléments de guidage et d'équipement de l'ascenseur, tels que les rails guides de cabine et contrepoids, les portes, les gaines, équipement et canalisations électriques, sur au moins un gabarit de montage de hauteur prédéterminée, de telle sorte qu'ils soient disposés géométriquement dans l'espace du gabarit les uns par rapport aux autres dans la position exacte qu'ils occuperont lors de leur implantation définitive sur la gaine-support;
• mettre en place et fixer le ou les gabarits successivement en hauteur depuis le fond de cuvette préalablement formé jusqu'à l'étage le plus élevé de l'ascenseur, dans la gaine-support existante ou à monter;
  
• fixer les susdits éléments de l'ascenseur portés par le gabarit sur la gaine si elle existe ou monter la gaine de telle façon que les points de fixation de ces éléments soient solidarisés à la gaine lors de son édification;
• désolidariser les susdits éléments de l'ascenseur du gabarit lorsqu'ils sont solidaires de la gaine-support;
• libérer le gabarit de ses points de fixation et
• enlever le gabarit de ladite gaine.

The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and proposes a method for mounting an elevator or a freight elevator within a building, of the aforementioned type characterized in that it consists successively of:

• position and fix the guide and equipment elements of the lift, such as car guide rails and counterweights, doors, ducts, equipment and electrical conduits, on at least one mounting template of predetermined height, such so that they are arranged geometrically in the space of the template with respect to each other in the exact position they will occupy during their final installation on the sheath-support;
• set up and fix the template (s) successively in height from the bottom of the bowl previously formed to the highest floor of the elevator, in the existing support shaft or to be assembled;
  
• fix the above elements of the lift carried by the template on the sheath if it exists or mount the sheath in such a way that the fixing points of these elements are secured to the sheath during its construction;
• disconnecting the above elements from the elevator from the template when they are integral with the support sheath;
• free the template from its fixing points and
• remove the template from said sheath.

It follows from this arrangement that the construction of the elevator or the freight elevator can begin prior to the execution of the shell of the building and that the latter can be ordered from the elevator shaft. In practice, the construction of the elevator will precede by one to several levels that of the building and advantageously by two floors.

In addition, the method allows a significant saving of time and manpower on the site since the elevator elements are already adjusted in final position on the mounting template and it is only a question of fix without further adjustment on the support sheath (existing or to be mounted).

It also avoids the storage on site of the equipment and the working conditions are much better especially in terms of arduousness and safety of execution.

Finally, the elevator is available quickly and can be used as a site hoist for the building under construction.

The invention also relates to the mounting templates of the above method. The latter include a rigid structure, metallic for example, developed to correspond to the profile of the sheath and essentially designed to carry said elevator elements and slide along the walls of the elevator sheath. This structure also carries scaffolding elements, such as worktops arranged successively in height and adjustable and which allow the execution in complete safety of the tasks level by level. The height of the template can be several floors, but in practice it will be limited to two floors.

The invention also relates to the elevator or freight elevator thus obtained.

• La figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un gabarit de montage selon l'invention, montrant notamment les points de fixation des éléments d'équipement de l'ascenseur sur ce gabarit;
• - La figure 2 montre un gabarit équipé et son positionnement dans la gaine;
• - La figure 3 montre les éléments d'équipement fixés à la gaine d'ascenseur, le gabarit de montage ayant été enlevé;
• - La figure 4 représente schématiquement la construction de l'ascenseur avec sa gaine partiellement édifiée relativement au gros oeuvre du bâtiment et
• - Les figures 5 et 6 représentent respectivement une patte de fixation de rail-guide et son scellement dans le mur de la gaine lorsque cette dernière est édifiée en béton coulé après la mise en place du gabarit.

An embodiment of the invention is now described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

• Figure 1 is a perspective view of a mounting template according to the invention, showing in particular the points of attachment of the equipment items of the elevator on this template;
• - Figure 2 shows an equipped template and its positioning in the sheath;
• - Figure 3 shows the items of equipment attached to the elevator shaft, the mounting template having been removed;
• - Figure 4 shows schematically the construction of the elevator with its partially built sheath relative to the main structure of the building and
• - Figures 5 and 6 respectively represent a guide rail fixing lug and its sealing in the wall of the sheath when the latter is built of poured concrete after the placement of the template.

As shown in Figure 1, the mounting templates 1 used in the method of the invention each consist of a rigid frame 3 of height corresponding to two stages of the elevator and whose dimensions in the horizontal plane are slightly smaller to those of the inner section of the sheath -support 5 so as to allow its introduction inside or in the space provided for this gain, in the case where the latter is not yet built. On this frame 3 are fixed scaffolding elements 7 and in particular three work plans 9 arranged spaced in height and accessible from one to the other by hatches 11 and ladders not shown. On these jigs are fixed (Figure 2) the guide rails 13 of the elevator car, the guide rails 15 of the counterweight, the doors 17 and the electrical sheaths (not shown), these elements being prepositioned in the factory on the jig to correspond without further adjustment to their final position when the template is correctly positioned in the space of the support sheath. The rails are fixed on lock elements 19 (two by rails, one at the bottom and the other at the top of the template) integral with the template, the lower ends of these rails coming on the same horizontal plane. The lock elements 19 comprise a groove 23 flared downwards and which receives the upper part of the lower guide rails already fixed on the support sheath, when positioning the template. This already makes it possible to position the template relative to the guide rails already installed. The precise positioning of the template (its verticality / horizontality), when it is placed in the support sheath, is obtained by three jacks 24 arranged in a triangle. Two of these jacks are placed on the upper fixing lugs 25 of the underlying cabin guide rails fixed to the sheath and the third on the landing bay threshold 28, or on the top wall of the sheath if it is not is not yet built. These jacks support the template by rigid parts 30, 32 provided for this purpose on the latter. When the template is exactly positioned and fixed in position (by anchors) on the support sheath previously formed in advance (two stages) over the height of the template (Figure 4), the elements carried by the template are fixed as is , without further adjustment, on the latter (FIG. 2) thanks to adjustable fixing lugs 25 for the rails and to angle-type elements 26 for the doors 17.

When the deposit of these elements on the sheath is done, they can be detached from the template. The latter can then be removed, raised by a crane for example, after release of its fixing points on the sheath. At this time, all of the elements are placed on the two levels of the sheath, as they appear in FIG. 3. We can see in particular the rails 13 of the cabin, the rails 15 of the counterweight and the doors 17. The electrical elements not shown will be installed in the free space. The rails 13, 15 from one template to the next are connected to each other by plates (fishplates) not shown bolted to their backs. It will be noted that the rails can slide vertically on the locks 19 if necessary and this for the perfect continuity of the assembled rails.

The removed template is reusable for new removal cycles of said elevator elements, successively in height. The car counterweight can be brought with the first gauge placed on the bottom of the elevator bowl previously formed and the elevator car will be brought with the last gauge to be placed on top of the shaft.

It will also be noted that the installation of the templates can precede the construction of the support sheath. The latter can be poured in concrete. The 25 ′ fixing lugs, of special shape, (Figures 5 and 6) will be sealed directly in the mass of poured concrete. When after drying, the elements are integral with the sheath, the template can be removed in the same way as above.

The installation of the templates can still be carried out after the structural work of the building is completed; just leave the sheath open at the top so that the templates can be lowered inside.

The height of the template was chosen in the example equal to two floors, but a height of one to several floors of the building may also be suitable.

Skids, possibly rollers, can laterally equip the template so as to facilitate its guiding in the sheath and ensure the protection of the equipment worn.

Claims (10)

1. A method of installing a lift or load elevator inside a building of the type in which the parts of the lift, the guide rails for the cage and counterweights are installed floor by floor, characterised in that it consists, successively, in:
   positioning and securing the guide elements and lift equipment, such as the guide rails (13,15) for the cage and counterweights, the doors (17), the shafts, the electrical equipment and feed lines, on at least one assembly jig (1) of predetermined height in such a way that they are arranged geometrically within the area of the jig, relative to one another, in the exact position which they will occupy when finally installed on the support shaft (5);
   placing and securing the jig or jigs (1), in the vertical direction in succession from the pit, formed beforehand, up to the top floor of the lift, in the support shaft (5) which is already in existence or still to be constructed;
   securing the above lift elements (13,15,17) carried by the jig, to the shaft (5) if it exists, or forming the shaft (5) in such a way that the fixing points (25′) of these elements are fixedly connected to said shaft when erected;
   disconnecting the above lift elements (13,15,17) from the jig once they are fixedly connected to the support shaft (5);
   releasing the jig from its fixing points and
   removing the jig from said shaft.

2. A method of installing a lift or load elevator according to claim 1, characterised in that the erection of the support shaft (5) precedes the installation of the lift elements (13,15,17) over at least the height of the assembly jig (1).

3. A method of installing a lift or load elevator according to claim 1, characterised in that the shaft (5) is made of concrete which is poured after the positioning of the jig (1), the fixing points (25) of the said members being encased directly in the poured mass.

4. Assembly jig used for carrying out the process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises a rigid frame (3), the height of which is equal to at least one storey of the building and the dimensions of which in the horizontal plane are slightly smaller than those of the interior section of the support shaft (5) so that said frame may be placed therein, said frame (3) carrying the lift members (13,15,17) as well as the elements of the electrical equipment and at least one scaffold platform (9) to enable the workmen to work in total safety.

5. Assembly jig according to claim 4, characterised in that the rails (13, 15) are mounted on bar elements (19) integral with the jig.

6. Assembly jig according to either claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the lower parts of the rails (13, 15) are secured by bar elements (19), the ends of the rails being arranged in the same horizontal plane, said elements (19) comprising a downwardly widening groove (23) provided in order to receive the upper part of the underlying lower guide rails (13, 15) already mounted on the support shaft (5) during the positioning of the jig.

7. Assembly jig according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the precise positioning of the jig (in the vertical/horizontal directions) is achieved by mechanical jacks, for example three arranged in a triangle, said jacks acting on the jig from fixed elements, e.g. fixing lugs (25), or the support shaft and/or the recessed floor sill (28) or the top wall of the shaft if the latter is erected after the jig has been mounted.

8. Assembly jig according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the jig comprises guide runners which facilitate its insertion and lowering in the shaft and enable the protection of the fixed lift members (13, 15, 17).

9. Assembly jig according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterised in that the jig (1), once positioned, is held firmly by anchor means to be fixed relative to the existing part of the shaft.

10. Lift or load elevator obtained by the process defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 and with assembly jigs according to any one of claims 4 to 9.

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