EP0344815A1 - Method and device for wrapping products, in particular stacks of products, in a stretchable film cover - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for completely wrapping products in stretchable films, in particular stacked product parts such as, for example and in particular, a product stack (2) formed by a palleting device, which product parts are composed of a plurality of product layers arranged on top of one another, a hose-like film section (3), whose circumference is less than the circumference of the products to be wrapped, being pulled off (3) a (hose) film section stock and being opened at its free end by being forced apart; optionally, the side walls of the hose film section are gathered to form folds extending essentially concentrically with respect to the vertical central axis of the products to be wrapped; the hose film section (3') is weld-sealed at its end facing the film stock (3) and the film cover (3") so formed is separated from the film stock; the film cover (3") is transversely stretched in the horizontal transverse direction; and the transversely stretched film cover is pulled with the application of smoothing longitudinal tension which pulls it over the product, the film cover being additionally stretched longitudinally before being pulled on by at least 5% of its vertical initial length in the transversely stretched state in the region of the cover side walls. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device suitable therefor according to the preamble of claim 10.

For wrapping general cargo, in particular stacks of bulk goods, for example made of cement, chemical goods or the like. filled bags exist and are formed by means of a palletizing device, packaging methods are known at which the piece goods or the piece goods stack is wrapped with so-called shrink film, which is wrapped with heat after wrapping and then firmly shrinks onto the piece goods or the piece goods stack concerned. In the context of these known processes, so-called winding processes are known in which flat film is wrapped around the piece goods to be wrapped, and so-called hood processes are known in which at least one (possibly also two) film hood (s) are pulled over the stack and then shrinking on these.

Significant disadvantages of shrink film packaging processes include in that the piece goods wrapped with the shrink film must be subjected to heat for the purpose of shrinking. This not only leads to correspondingly high energy costs, but also, when exposed to a flame, means that these processes are not suitable for flammable goods, such as are widely available in the chemical industry, for example, because of the processes otherwise associated with them.

A further disadvantage of all shrinking methods is that, due to the required film thicknesses, a relatively high amount of material is required, which leads to relatively high packaging costs, since film material has become very expensive as a petroleum product, particularly since the known energy crises.

In addition, shrinkage is often perceived as not being very environmentally friendly, since this creates exhaust gases to a not inconsiderable extent, and because the operators are exposed to considerable noise pollution.

In addition, when shrinking, gluing can take place with the goods, which then often leads to corresponding damage to the piece goods parts when unpacking and It is particularly disadvantageous if these consist, for example, of bags filled with bulk material.

In order to avoid the aforementioned and other disadvantages, one has accordingly already started to use so-called stretch films instead of the shrink film, which do not require any heat to adhere to the packaged goods. Rather, it is sufficient if the stretch film material is "stretched" before wrapping the piece goods, which, after the wrapping, causes the film material to contract again and accordingly - as desired - firmly attaches to the piece goods to be wrapped or packaged. Significant "stretching" is understood to mean considerable stretching to an extent which, after wrapping, leads to sufficiently large forces being generated by the film material which ensure sufficient stack strength in the case of stacked piece goods, without it (possibly also after multiple wrapping of a wrapped packaging unit) for mutual sliding of piece goods and the like. is coming.

The so-called winding stretching has become known, in which stretch film - similar to winding shrinkage - is wrapped around the piece goods to be wrapped. Despite the advantages achieved compared to shrinking, winding stretching is also associated with not inconsiderable disadvantages. These are, in particular, that the handling is relatively incomprehensible and time-consuming, and that the film consumption - although lower than the shrinkage - is still perceived as unsatisfactory for cost reasons, this being caused in particular by the fact that overlaps of adjacent layers are required in each case in the winding stretching.

The stack strength is also still unsatisfactory, especially if the piece goods stack only "in one direction" (then generally horizontally) is wrapped with web-like stretch film, since then no significant normal forces are generated between adjacent general cargo layers, which only prevent the shifting of general cargo layers due to correspondingly increased friction. The internal vertical forces generated by "diagonal" winding are not sufficient for this. A "vertical" wrap would, however, leave two side surfaces of a piece goods package free, that is to say surfaces that would be difficult to cover with sheet films. A double (horizontal and vertical) wrap is out of the question for cost reasons.

With EP-OS 0 081 328 it has already been proposed for manual winding stretching to stretch the web-shaped stretch film material in its longitudinal direction by 55% and the resulting contraction of the film web by 30-25% of its original width by an additional stretching to partially compensate transversely to the longitudinal direction in order to save film material, so that the (film) "loss" caused by longitudinal stretching can be reduced from 30-25% to approximately 15%, but a hand-winding stretching with a two-dimensionally stretched has become Film proved to be hardly practical, since it is hardly possible to wrap general cargo with a two-dimensionally stretched film.

In addition, in order to protect the surface (and possibly the underside) of a packaging unit wrapped on its side surfaces with stretch film, a flat film has to be applied as a cover sheet, and a separate cover sheet feeder with a corresponding work step is required for this.

Overall, it should be noted that packaged goods packaged by stretch wrapping are often not adequately weather-resistant, since moisture is often present on the edges of the film activity can penetrate into the packaging unit, and that the view of the packaged piece goods is often imperfect, when it comes to a generally unavoidable crease when unwrapped.

For this reason, considerations have already been made to cover the piece goods or piece goods stack to be packed with a film hood made of stretch film, as is known in principle for shrink film material. However, despite extensive development work, these efforts have so far yielded only extremely unsatisfactory results, since a stretch film hood was first inserted into a reefing device by hand in order to accomplish a reefing process (i.e. an accordion-like folding of the hood side sections), and then the film hood that was shirred in its sides so-called reefing frame (manually or possibly mechanically) had to be transferred to a second place or work station so that the shirred and pre-stretched film hood could be pulled over a stack of piece goods.

All of this clearly leads to a relatively large amount of effort (if only because of the two required workstations, on the one hand the hood is prepared and on the other hand the hood is pulled over the general cargo stack) the space required for this is disadvantageous, but also the effort to be operated and, among other things. the low work output that can only be achieved with this is also perceived as unsatisfactory.

To avoid the above disadvantages, generic devices have become known from DE-OS 27 06 955 and 31 01 310, which are also suitable for wrapping piece goods (stacking) with a stretch film hood, as is expressly mentioned in DE-OS 27 06 955 . When using these previously known devices, however, it only happens a considerable planned stretching of the tubular stretch film material or a stretch film hood in the horizontal transverse direction (= perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal axis of the stack of articles and thus the stretch film hood), so that when a stack of packs is tightly covered with a stretch film hood it initially becomes one (apparently) satisfactory (since smooth) packaging unit comes with a foil wrapping that seems to take into account the requirements for forestry or stacking strength on the one hand and the tightness of the wrapping on the other hand, but it comes in particular with general cargo stacks that, for example, made of cement or the like. filled sacks exist, not only when forming the piece goods stack to vent the sacks not completely filled with bulk goods, but it has been shown that with such piece goods stacks a delayed post-venting can also take place (especially in the case of repeated handling with, for example, relatively jerky) Put on the piece goods stack), so that the stack volume is changed in this post-venting, in particular due to a reduction in the stack height. In the case of one-dimensionally stretched film material, this inevitably leads to a corresponding slackness at least in the vertical direction, which may even result in wrinkling.

Incidentally, the vertical forces exerted by the film hood, which may arise when the film hood is pulled over the stack of items by a certain, slight stretch, when the hood is pulled and the film material slides over guides, are irrelevant or for the creation of a sufficient one Inadequate stack strength, especially if the piece goods are filled sacks that are later refilled during handling. This also applies to the subject matter of DE-OS 30 03 052. The stretch film hood, after the horizontal cross-stretching, is removed from the gained state via the guide bracket pulled and slides under certain friction from these, so that there may be a certain vertical expansion if the tensile forces are to be greater than the frictional forces, but there is no significant longitudinal stretching and thus not the desired dimensional stability of the enveloped General cargo stacks, especially if they consist of filled sacks.

The present invention is accordingly based on the object of improving the known methods and devices of the type in question, while avoiding in particular the disadvantages discussed above, and to provide a method and a device suitable and specific for carrying out this method, by means of which packaging units the here The type in question can be created using the advantageous stretch film hoods, which do not lose their dimensional stability even in the case of "problem piece goods" and possibly repeated handling.

According to the invention, the procedural part of the above object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1, while the device-related part of the above task is solved by the characterizing features of claim 10, preferred embodiments of the present invention being described in the method and device dependent claims are.

Surprisingly, it has been shown that two-dimensional stretching - in contrast to winding stretch processes - is not only practicable at all, but also solves practically all previous problems with hood stretch processes if the film material is first stretched by preferably 15-20% and this transverse stretching then one (based on the then contracted vertical unit length) a vertical stretching of at least 5% (preferably about 10 - 15%) is superimposed, whereby the required stack strength is sustained and yet, even with sensitive piece goods (e.g. bottles standing on documents as a piece goods layer), there are no adverse effects as previously, because one has previously been the lack of longitudinal stretch was dependent on very high transverse stretch in order to be able to form usable packaging units at all.

• Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung in einem Zustand, in dem die mittels einer Abzugseinrichtung von einem (Schlauch-)Folienvorrat abgezogene (Schlauch-)Folie von einer Spreizeinrichtung bereits erfaßt ist;
• Fig. 2 eine Darstellung gemäß Fig. 1, wobei der vom Folienvorrat abgezogene Folienabschnitt bereits von der Spreizeinrichtung auseinan­dergezogen ist und der freie Randabschnitt des Folienabschnittes einer Reffeinrichtung zugeführt ist;
• Fig. 3 eine Darstellung gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 nach dem Reffen der später die Seitenwände der Folienhaube bildenden Abschnitte beim Schweißen der Haubennaht vor dem Abtrennen der Haube von dem Folienvorrat;
• Fig. 4 eine Darstellung gemäß den Fig. 1 bis 3, wobei die Folie nach dem Abschneiden zu Ende gerefft worden ist und ein neuer Folienabschnitt gleichzeitig von der Spreiz­einrichtung erfaßt ist;
• Fig. 5 ein Horizontalstretchen der Folienhaube mittels einer Stretcheinrichtung, wobei der das Reffen bewirkende Teil der Reffeinrich­tung ausgeschwenkt ist;
• Fig. 6 das Überziehen der gestretchten Folienhaube über einen darunter befindlichen Stückgut­stapel, wobei zugleich ein vertikales Stretchen der Seitenwände der Folienhaube erfolgt;
• Fig. 7 den mit der Stretchfolienhaube umhüllten Stückgutstapel (mit zwei Varianten an der der Palette zugekehrten Seite);
• Fig. 8 eine dem Zustand gemäß Fig. 2 entsprechende, etwas vereinfachte räumliche Darstellung eines mit einer Stretchfolienhaube zu umhüllenden Stapels;
• Fig. 9 eine von außen her gegen die Folie zu schwenkende Reffeinheit beim Reffen, wobei auch ggf. ein definierter Längsstretch erzeugt werden kann;
• Fig. 10 eine Darstellung gemäß Fig. 8 nach dem Abschweißen des Folienschlauches und Abtren­nen der Folienhaube;
• Fig. 11 die quer- und zumindest teilweise längsge­ stretchte Folienhaube vor dem Überziehen über den Stapel;
• Fig. 12 eine Darstellung während des Überziehvor­gangs; und
• Fig. 13 die (angehobene) mit der Stretchfolienhaube vollständig umhüllte Verpackungseinheit.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment with reference to a schematic drawing, the explanations given in the description of the exemplary embodiment also evidently being able to be of general importance with regard to the invention. It shows:

• 1 shows a side view of a device according to the invention in a state in which the (tube) foil drawn off from a (tube) foil supply by means of a removal device has already been gripped by a spreading means;
• FIG. 2 shows a representation according to FIG. 1, the film section drawn off from the film supply already being pulled apart by the spreading device and the free edge section of the film section being fed to a reefing device;
• 3 shows a representation according to FIGS. 1 and 2 after the reefing of the sections which later form the side walls of the film hood when welding the hood seam before the hood is separated from the film supply;
• 4 shows a representation according to FIGS. 1 to 3, the film having been reefed to the end after cutting and a new film section being simultaneously gripped by the spreading device;
• 5 shows a horizontal stretching of the film hood by means of a stretching device, the part of the reefing device causing the reefing being pivoted out;
• 6 shows the covering of the stretched film hood over a stack of packaged goods located underneath, wherein at the same time there is vertical stretching of the side walls of the film hood;
• 7 the piece goods stack wrapped with the stretch film hood (with two variants on the side facing the pallet);
• FIG. 8 shows a somewhat simplified spatial representation corresponding to the state according to FIG. 2 of a stack to be covered with a stretch film hood;
• 9 shows a reefing unit to be pivoted from the outside against the film during reefing, a defined longitudinal stretch also possibly being generated;
• FIG. 10 shows a representation according to FIG. 8 after welding off the film tube and severing the film hood; FIG.
• Fig. 11 the transverse and at least partially longitudinal stretched film hood before covering the stack;
• 12 shows a representation during the pulling-on process; and
• 13 shows the (raised) packaging unit completely wrapped with the stretch film hood.

The drawing shows a device designated as a whole for automatic or automatic wrapping of piece goods by means of a stretch film hood, more precisely of piece goods stacks 2, which consist of stacked piece goods parts (for example bags filled with bulk goods) and have been formed by means of a palletizing device.

Tubular film is unwound from a tubular film supply 3 by means of a drivable pair of rollers 5 as a pull-off device in the direction of arrow 4 and fed to a spreading device 6 which has spreading plates 7 tapering against the direction of travel of the film, so that the tubular film (see FIG. 2) can be pulled apart . The free edge portion of the drawn from the tubular film 3 film section is pressed by pressing means 8 in the direction of arrows 8 'to the expansion plates 7 and held.

The spreading device 6 is followed by a reefing device, designated as a whole by 9, which is used for reefing, that is to say for the concertina-like folding of the hood later forming tubular film section 3 'over a vertical distance h, which is smaller than the length of the film section 3'.

A welding device 10 (see FIG. 3) for forming a horizontal seam 11 is indicated between the spreading device 6 and the reefing device 9, and between the welding device 10 and the spreading device 6 there is a cutting device 12 for cutting off the film hood which forms after welding Foil section 3˝ (see Fig. 4).

Furthermore, the device l has a stretch device, by means of which the film section 3 'is to be stretched. The stretch device itself consists of two individual devices, on the one hand a device for horizontal stretching and on the other hand a device for vertical stretching, as will be described further below.

Finally, there is also a lifting device with which the hood 3 'closed at its upper end can be pulled over the stack of articles 2.

Concerning. the reefing device 9 is added that this has a movable reefing jaw 13 or the like. Containing reefing frame 14 which is arranged to be vertically movable and forms part of the lifting device. The reefing frame 14 also forms part of the stretching device, as will be explained further below.

After the free end section of the film section 3 'is inserted from the tubular film supply 3 into the spreading device 6, where it can be held by means of the pressing means 8, 8 (see FIG. 1), the film is further removed from the tubular film supply 3 and by means of the pressing means 8 , 8th, for example from suction jaws or the like, but also from jaws or the like. can exist, with simultaneous spreading of the tubular film down, so that the pressing means 8, 8 itself form pressing and holding means (for the film) (see FIG. 2).

After transferring the free edge section of the film section 3 'into the reefing device (more precisely between the outer reefing jaws 13' and reefing rollers 15 of swiveling reefing units 16), the reefing takes place according to FIG. 3, the reefed film between the outer reefing jaws 13 'and the inner reef jaws 13˝ accordion-shaped.

The welding device 10 (see FIGS. 3, 10) then functions to form the seam 11 and the film hood 3˝ thus formed can be cut off from the film supply by means of the cutting device 12 (see FIG. 3).

Then the remaining section of the side sections forming the side walls of the film hood 3˝ is reefed (see FIG. 4,9,1O) until the section forming the bottom 17 of the film hood 3˝ runs horizontally (that is, it is tensioned), as 4.11, so that the reefing units 16 according to FIG. 5.9 can then be pivoted outwards and a transverse stretching can take place in the horizontal direction (see FIG. 5), in which the reefing jaws 13 according to the Arrows 18 can be moved outwards.

Then the film hood 3˝ stretched in the transverse or horizontal direction can be pulled over the stack of articles 2 (see FIG. 6) by lowering the reefing jaws 13 guided on vertical bars 19 according to the arrows 20. In this process there is also a vertical stretching of the film hood 3˝, but this can also be done when pulling off the film supply (see FIG. 9), a later longitudinal stretching has the advantage that the film is not yet stretched in the vertical or longitudinal direction during horizontal stretching and is therefore initially easier to handle.

In the present case, the film hood 3˝, which is shirred and stretched horizontally in FIG. 5, is pulled over the (longitudinal) stretch bars 24 forming a resistance when the piece goods stack 2 is pulled over, when it is stretched in the vertical longitudinal direction according to arrow 25 when the reefing unit 16 is lowered , whereby a defined longitudinal stretching takes place by approximately 12% of the film that has already been cross-stretched.

The lowering of the stretch jaws 13 forming part of the lifting device takes place below the pallet 21 on which the stack of articles 2 is arranged, so that the stretch film hood 3fol lies with its free edge section under the pallet or engages under it (see FIG. 7 ).

From Fig. 7 it can also be seen that on the underside of the piece goods stack (in the illustrated embodiment between piece goods stack 2 and pallet 21) a flat film can also be applied to protect the piece goods stack 2 from below. This can be done according to the left part of Fig. 7 so that the edge 22 'of the flat film 22 is placed upwards on the piece goods stack or, as shown in the right part of Fig. 7, is brought down to the pallet. The latter is somewhat simpler in terms of work, but the solution shown in the left part of FIG. 7 can in principle also be accomplished without difficulty.

With reference to Fig. 4 of the drawing, it should be added that during the final horizontal reefing, tubular film can already be removed from the film supply and fed to the spreading device 6, so that after the stack of packaged goods has been wrapped (Fig. 7), the stack of packaged goods is transported away on a conveyor 23 and the transport of a further stack of articles 2, a new wrapping process can begin immediately, so that not only the considerable advantages described above can be achieved with the device and the method according to the invention, but also an extraordinarily high work output.

Due to the defined longitudinal stretching of the film material according to the invention in addition to the transverse stretching, even in the case of relatively heavy and highly ventilating piece goods, such as sacks filled with cement, packaging units are obtained which, even after repeated handling, still have excellent stacking strength, while also being relatively sensitive General cargo stacks, the general cargo layers of which, for example, consist of bottles on intermediate layers, can be handled in an optimal manner according to the invention, since on the one hand the transverse stretch no longer needs to be made as large as it was previously required in hood stretching processes in order to at least reasonably satisfactory packaging units Realize (but the transverse forces generated by the transverse stretch were then usually too large for sensitive piece goods), because, due to the longitudinal stretch, even after any subsequent ventilation, it is still harmless for conventional piece goods he, however, sufficiently large normal forces are applied by the film wrapping, which ent speak speaking increase the frictional forces, so that there is no longer a mutual displacement of adjacent packaged goods. It has been shown that, contrary to expectations, in contrast to winding stretching, two-dimensional stretching when stretching the hood is practicable, especially if the initially stretched hood is stretched lengthways when the stack of goods is pulled over, which is easily defined by suitable measures or possible in a given size, since the hood with its (top) bottom is to be held firmly on the piece goods stack and forms a corresponding abutment, and since it is also easily possible to achieve the desired, appropriate longitudinal stretch by means of friction rollers, friction rollers or the like. to apply, which act on the hood abutting an abutment. REFERENCE SIGN LIST 1 contraption 1 2nd General cargo stacks 2nd 3rd Tubular film stock 3 ′ film section 3rd 4th arrow 3˝ foil hood 4th 5 Pair of roles 5 6 Spreader 6 7 Spreading plates 7 8th Pressure and holding means 8 ′ arrows 8th 9 Reefing device 9 10th Welding device 10th 11 seam 11 12 Cutting device 12 13 Reef jaws 13 ′ outer reef jaws 13 14 Reef frame 13˝ inner reef jaws 14 15 Reef rolls 15 16 Refinement 16 17th ground 17th 18th Arrows 18th 19th Vertical bars 19th 20th Arrows 20th 21st palette 21st 22 Flat film 22 ′ edge (of 22) 22 23 Sponsors 23 24th (Longitudinal) stretch frame 24th 25th vertical longitudinal direction 25th 26 26 27th 27th 28 28 29 29 30th 30th

Claims (20)

1. A method for completely wrapping general cargo by means of stretch films, in particular stacked general cargo parts, such as and in particular by means of a stack of bulk goods formed by a palletizing device, which consist of a plurality of stacked general cargo layers, a tubular film section, the circumference of which is smaller than that Circumference of the piece goods to be wrapped, pulled off a (tube) film section and opened at its free end by spreading; if necessary, the side walls of the tubular film section are reefed into folds which run essentially concentrically to the vertical central axis of the piece goods to be wrapped; the tubular film section is welded at its end facing the film supply and the film hood thus formed is separated from the film supply; the film hood is stretched in the horizontal transverse direction; and the cross-stretched film hood is drawn under the longitudinal tension, which is smoothing over the piece goods, and is pulled over the piece goods to be wrapped, characterized in that the film hood is additionally stretched in the vertical longitudinal direction by at least 5% of its vertical starting length in the cross-stretched state, at least in the area of the cover side walls is stretched lengthways. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the film material is stretched longitudinally by 10-15%. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the film is transversely stretched by at least 10% with respect to its feed state in a manner known per se. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the films are cross-stretched by about 15 - 20%. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the longitudinal stretching of the film hood at least partially takes place when the film hood is pulled over the piece goods to be wrapped. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the longitudinal stretching of the film hood at least partially when removing the tubular films from Foil stock is done. 7. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pulling of tubular film from the film supply to form a further film hood is already initiated before the piece goods to be wrapped beforehand are wrapped. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the removal of tubular film from the film supply to form a further film hood is initiated immediately after cutting off the previously formed film hood. 9. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, in which a flat film which is larger than the base area of the stack of piece goods is arranged for wrapping the underside of the piece goods to be wrapped, which is not to be covered with the film hood, characterized in that that the edge portions of the flat film projecting laterally beyond the piece goods to be wrapped are placed against the piece goods stack before the piece goods are covered with the film hood. 10.Device for wrapping general cargo by means of stretch film, in particular stacked general cargo parts, such as, for example, and in particular by means of a palletizing device, stacked general cargo consisting of several superimposed general cargo layers with a (tubular) film pull-off device, by means of which tubular stretch film sections of one (Hose) foil stock is to be deducted; a spreading device downstream of the take-off device, by means of which the tubular stretch film is to be spread at its free end section; if necessary, a reefing device downstream of the spreading device for reefing the film section over a vertical distance which is smaller than the length of the film section; a welding device for welding off a tubular film section drawn off from the film supply at its end section facing the film supply; a cutting device, by means of which a film hood formed during welding is to be separated from the film supply, a transverse stretch device, by means of which the film section is to be stretched in the horizontal transverse direction; and a (hood covering) lifting device, by means of which the cross-stretched hood is to be pulled over the piece goods to be wrapped, characterized by a longitudinal stretching device (14, 24), by means of which the film section / the film hood (3˝) in the vertical longitudinal direction (25) by at least 5%, preferably 10-15%. 11. The device according to claim 10, with a the reefed film material during the reefing, during the wrapping vertically movable reefing frame, characterized in that the reefing frame (14) is part of the longitudinal stretching device. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the reefing frame (14) has longitudinal stretching means which are to be frictionally engaged with the film material above the folds formed during reefing and when lowering the reefing frame (14) a predetermined stretching force causing a longitudinal stretching exert on the foil material. 13.The device according to claim 12, characterized in that the longitudinal stretching means have longitudinal stretch elements which are essentially rod-shaped and extend essentially in the transverse direction. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the longitudinal stretch elements are to be arranged at least in the corner regions of the open film tube. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the longitudinal stretch elements are to be arranged on the inside of the film tube. 16. The device according to one or more of claims 11 to 15, characterized in that the longitudinal stretching means drivable or with respect to their raw resistance adjustable longitudinal stretching rollers or rolls, with which the film material in the longitudinal direction are impressed frictional forces which are greater than that forces required to smooth the reefed film. 17. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the reefing device (9) has reefing rollers (15) or the like against reefing jaws (13 '). work and are part of a swiveling reef unit (9). 18. The apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that the reefing units (9) are to be pivoted from the outside against the unit load unit. 19. The device according to one or more of claims 8 to 18, characterized by the use of a stretch film with an initial thickness of about 50 - 250 microns. 20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized by the use of films with a thickness of about 100 to 120 microns.

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