EP0344753A2 - Flüssigkristallgerät und Verfahren zum Steuern dieses Gerätes - Google Patents

Flüssigkristallgerät und Verfahren zum Steuern dieses Gerätes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0344753A2
EP0344753A2 EP89109852A EP89109852A EP0344753A2 EP 0344753 A2 EP0344753 A2 EP 0344753A2 EP 89109852 A EP89109852 A EP 89109852A EP 89109852 A EP89109852 A EP 89109852A EP 0344753 A2 EP0344753 A2 EP 0344753A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
pulse
minimum value
pixel
bipolar
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP89109852A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0344753A3 (de
EP0344753B1 (de
Inventor
Shinjiro Okada
Yutaka Inaba
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Publication of EP0344753A2 publication Critical patent/EP0344753A2/de
Publication of EP0344753A3 publication Critical patent/EP0344753A3/de
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Publication of EP0344753B1 publication Critical patent/EP0344753B1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3622—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix
    • G09G3/3629—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix using liquid crystals having memory effects, e.g. ferroelectric liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/06—Details of flat display driving waveforms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0209—Crosstalk reduction, i.e. to reduce direct or indirect influences of signals directed to a certain pixel of the displayed image on other pixels of said image, inclusive of influences affecting pixels in different frames or fields or sub-images which constitute a same image, e.g. left and right images of a stereoscopic display

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal apparatus, more particularly a liquid crystal apparatus using a ferroelectric liquid crystal (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "FLC").
  • FLC ferroelectric liquid crystal
  • Clark and Lagerwall have disclosed a bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal device using a surface-­stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal in Applied Physic Letters, Vol. 36, No. 11 (June 1, 1980), pp. 899 - 901, and U.S. Patents Nos. 4,367,924 and 4,563,059.
  • SUch a bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal device has been realized by placing a ferroelectric chiral smectic liquid crystal between a pair of substrates disposed with a gap therebetween sufficiently small to suppress the formation of a helical alignment structure of liquid crystal molecules which is inherent in the bulky chiral smectic phase of the liquid crystal and by aligning vertical smectic molecular layers each composed of a plurality of liquid crystal molecules in one direction.
  • a ferroelectric liquid crystal device there are restrictively formed two stable average longer-molecular axis directions ( n ) with a molecular dipole moment (n ⁇ ) parallel to the vertical molecular layer so as to form a spontaneous polarization (Ps) on the average.
  • the spontaneous polarization causes a strong coupling with an applied electric field.
  • the dipole moments (n ⁇ ) in a vertical molecular layer are oriented in the electric field direction.
  • a maximum tilt angle is attained corresponding to one half of the apex angle of a helical cone in the helical alignment structure.
  • the molecular alignment state at this time may be referred to as "uniform alignment state U1").
  • splay alignment state S1 Another stable alignment state which has a lower degree of order, a lower degree of optically uniaxial characteristic and a lower tilt angle than the uniform alignment state U1 after some relaxation period (which is generally on the order of 1 - 2 ⁇ sec while dependent on the kind of a ferroelectric liquid crystal used).
  • the dipole moments of the molecules are not in a single direction but the direction of the spontaneous polarization is the same as in the uniform alignment state U1.
  • an electric field in the reverse direction there are similarly formed a uniform alignment state U2 and a splay alignment state S2.
  • a liquid crystal apparatus having a high-frequency AC application means for utilizing an AC stabilization effect of providing an increased tilt angle
  • a liquid crystal apparatus having a high-frequency AC application means for utilizing an AC stabilization effect of providing an increased tilt angle
  • KKAI Japanese Laid-Open Patent Applications
  • Such an apparatus uses a means for applying a high frequency AC in addition to means for applying switching pulses for driving, so that there arises a problem of a large power consumption.
  • the AC stabilization effect is governed by the correlation between a torque acting on a molecule due to the spontaneous polarization Ps and a torque acting on the molecule due to the dielectric anisotropy ⁇ .
  • a broad margin or latitude for a voltage range or frequency range affording a practical drive is desired.
  • such a driving margin becomes remarkably narrower in a multiplex drive under such an AC-stabilized condition than in a driving system not utilizing the AC stabilization effect.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal apparatus capable of applying an AC voltage for providing an increased tilt angle to ferroelectric liquid crystal pixels without superposing such an AC voltage or causing a decrease in driving voltage margin.
  • a liquid crystal apparatus comprising: a liquid crystal device comprising a matrix electrode structure including scanning electrodes and data electrodes intersecting each other and forming a pixel at each intersection, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy disposed between the scanning electrodes and the data electrodes; and means for applying to a pixel on a selected scanning electrode a bipolar pulse for causing a conversion of one optical state to the other optical state of the pixel, the bipolar data pulse including a unit pulse of one polarity which has a duration set to be shorter than a minimum value ⁇ min of a current response time ⁇ 0.
  • a torque ⁇ Ps acting an FLC molecules due to coupling of an applied electric field (E) and the dipole moment and a torque ⁇ acting on FLC molecules due to coupling of the applied electric field (E) and a dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ ) are respectively represented by the following formulas: ⁇ Ps ⁇ Ps ⁇ E (1) ⁇ ⁇ 1/2 ⁇ 0 ⁇ E2 (2)
  • Figure 1 attached hereto shows the change of tilt angles ⁇ a versus Vrms experimentally measured for 4 FLCs having different values of ⁇ .
  • the measurement was conducted under application of AC rectangular pulses of 60 KHz so as to remove the influence of Ps.
  • the curves (I) - (IV) correspond to the results obtained by using FLCs showing the following ⁇ values (I) ⁇ ⁇ -5.5, (II) ⁇ ⁇ -3.0, (III) ⁇ ⁇ -0, (IV) ⁇ ⁇ 1.0.
  • the maximum transmittances obtained by using the liquid crystals (I) and (III) were 15 % for (I) and 6 % for (III) (under cross nicols and application of rectangular AC waveforms of 60 KHz and ⁇ 8 V), thus showing a clear difference.
  • FIGS 2 - 4 respectively illustrate a driving waveform embodiment.
  • S1, S2 and S3 are shown scanning signals, and at I are shown data signals.
  • a (S1 - I) is shown a combined voltage waveform applied to a pixel at the intersection of a scanning line S1 and a data line I in a selection period and a non-selection period.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal used in the present invention may preferably be a chiral smectic liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy ⁇ .
  • CS-1011 trade name, available from Chisso K.K.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may preferably have a dielectric anisotropy ⁇ of -1.0 or below.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal may preferably be disposed in a layer thin enough to suppress the formation of a helical molecular alignment structure inherent to bulk chiral smectic phase in the absence of an electric field, e.g., in a thickness of 0.5 to 10 microns, more preferably 1.0 - 5.0 microns.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal layer may preferably be disposed in contact with an alignment control film comprising, e.g., a polyimide film, polyamide film, polyamide-imide film, polyester-imide film or polyvinyl alcohol film subjected to a rubbing treatment, or an SiO or SiO2 film formed by oblique vapor deposition, so that a monodomain may be effectively formed.
  • an alignment control film comprising, e.g., a polyimide film, polyamide film, polyamide-imide film, polyester-imide film or polyvinyl alcohol film subjected to a rubbing treatment, or an SiO or SiO2 film formed by oblique vapor deposition, so that a monodomain may be effectively formed.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal used in the present invention may cause a polarization inversion current when supplied with a voltage pulse as shown in Figure 5.
  • a time from an instant of a pulse rise to an instant giving a peak P of the polarization inversion current may be referred to as a current response time ⁇ 0.
  • the current response time ⁇ 0 depends on the applied voltage (pulse waveheight).
  • Figure 6 shows the dependence of the current response time ⁇ 0 on the applied voltage V with respect to two types of liquid crystals, i.e., liquid crystal A and liquid crystal B which will be described hereinafter.
  • the liquid crystal A provided a minimum value ⁇ min ⁇ 110 ⁇ sec of the current response time ⁇ 0 in the neighborhood of an applied voltage of 20 volts (providing an electric field intensity E1 for a cell gap of 1.5 micron), while the liquid crystal B provided no minimum value ⁇ min .
  • the above-mentioned current response time ⁇ 0 may be measured by means of a current response time meter as shown in Figure 7.
  • the meter includes a pulse generator 71 for generating a pulse of 5 Hz, a resistor 72 of 1 K ⁇ , a ferroelectric liquid crystal cell 73, an oscillograph Ch 1 providing an oscillogram as shown at Ch 1 in Figure 5 and also an oscillograph Ch 2 providing an oscillogram as shown at Ch 2 in Figure 5.
  • an electric field intensity providing the above-mentioned minimum value ⁇ min is defined as E1 (about 20 volts/1.5 micron for the liquid crystal A described hereinafter) and a maximum pulse duration ⁇ T in a data signal pulse train is set to below the minimum value ⁇ min
  • a voltage providing an electric field intensity E exceeding the electric field intensity E1 may be applied to a half-­selected point on a writing line to prevent the occurrence of crosstalk.
  • the present invention may be applicable to a static drive using a common signal and a data signal pulse train in addition to the above-­mentioned multiplexing drive using a scanning selection signal and a data pulse train.
  • Figure 8 illustrates an angle ⁇ of a C-­director 81 with respect to an axis 84 in parallel with a substrate (hereinafter referred to as "C-director angle ⁇ ").
  • the C-director represents a projection of a liquid crystal molecule long axis on a vertical molecular layer comprising a plurality of chiral smectic liquid crystal molecules.
  • a direction increasing the C-director angle ⁇ is represented by a positive torque 82
  • a direction decreasing the C-­director angle ⁇ is represented by a negative torque 83.
  • Figure 9 shows a relationship between the applied voltage (for a thickness of 1.5 micron) and the torque with C-director angles ⁇ as parameters.
  • Figure 8 shows that a larger positive torque 82 is liable to cause an inversion switching, and a large negative torque is liable to suppress the inversion switching.
  • Figure 9 shows that a smaller C-­director angle ⁇ of 50 degrees or less provides a larger negative torque 83 so that the dielectric anisotropy coupling becomes predominant to suppress the inversion switching.
  • the C-director angle ⁇ is 60 degrees
  • an applied voltage of about 10 volts provides a maximum positive torque, so that an inversion switching is caused even at a relatively low applied voltage of about 10 volts, for a cell gap of 1.5 micron.
  • the C-director angle is increased up to 80 degrees, the readiness of the inversion is further increased.
  • an increase in driving voltage margin may be attained by applying first a low-waveheight pulse and then a high-­waveheight pulse for causing an inversion switching to a ferroelectric liquid crystal placed in such an alignment state as to be formed under application of an alternating voltage causing a dielectric anisotropy coupling (i.e., an alignment state set to provide a small C-director angle).
  • a half-selected point at the intersection of a selected scanning electrode and a non-selected data electrode may be supplied with first a high-waveheight pulse and then with a low-waveheight pulse to effectively prevent the inversion switching.
  • FIG 10 illustrates a driving apparatus for a ferroelectric liquid crystal panel 101 comprising a matrix electrode arrangement used in the present invention.
  • the panel comprises scanning lines 102 and data lines 103 intersecting each other, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal (not shown) is interposed between the scanning line and the data lines so as to form a pixel at each intersection.
  • the driving apparatus further includes a scanning circuit 104, a scanning side drive circuit 105, a data side drive voltage generating circuit 106, a line memory 107, a shift register 108, a scanning side drive voltage generating power supply 109, and a microprocessor unit (MPU) 100.
  • MPU microprocessor unit
  • the scanning side drive voltage generating power supply 109 is provided with voltages V1, V2 and V C , of which the voltages V1 and V2 may be used as sources of the above-mentioned scanning selection signal and the voltage V C may be used as a source of a scanning non-selection signal.
  • a glass substrate having thereon ITO (indium-­tin-oxide) film stripes as transparent electrodes was coated with a 1000 ⁇ -thick SiO2 film by sputtering and further with a 500 ⁇ -thick polyimide film by using a polyamic acid solution ("SP-710" (trade name) available from Toray K.K.).
  • SP-710 polyamic acid solution
  • the polyimide film was treated by rubbing with acetate fiber-planted cloth.
  • silica beads having an average particle size of 1.5 micron was disposed to provide a cell gap of about 1.5 micron, and the other glass substrate was superposed and bonded thereto so that their stripe electrodes intersected each other and their rubbing axes were in parallel with each other.
  • Two blank cell were prepared in the above described manner and were filled with chiral smectic liquid crystals A and B, respectively, having the following characteristics:
  • FIGS 11A and 11B The threshold characteristics of the liquid crystals A and B are shown in Figures 11A and 11B wherein ⁇ and o denote the threshold voltage values, and ⁇ and ⁇ denote the saturation voltage values.
  • Figure 11A shows the characteristics obtained under application of a bipolar pulse of V and -V
  • Figure 11B shows the characteristics obtained under application of a unipolar pulse of V.
  • the above-prepared two devices were driven by applying a set of driving waveforms shown in Figure 3 under the following set of conditions A, whereby the device containing the liquid crystal A provided a display image of a high contrast but the device containing the liquid crystal B provided a dark display image of a low contrast.
  • the devices were driven by applying a set of driving waveforms shown in Figure 2 under the following set of conditions B, whereby the device containing the liquid crystal A provided a display image of a high contrast but the device containing the liquid crystal B provided a dark display image of a low contrast.
  • V1 14 V
  • V2 10 V
  • V3 14 V
  • V4 10 V
  • the two devices were driven by applying a set of driving waveforms shown in Figure 4 under the following sets of conditions C and D, respectively, whereby the device containing the liquid crystal A provided display images of a high contrast but the device containing the liquid crystal B provided dark display images of a low contrast.
  • V1 16 V
  • V2 16 V
  • V3 8 V, 52 ⁇ sec ⁇ ⁇ T2 ⁇ 92 ⁇ sec.
  • V1 16 V
  • V2 16 V
  • V3 8 V 112 ⁇ sec ⁇ ⁇ T2 ⁇ 132 ⁇ sec.
  • the conversion of an optical state was caused by application of a former pulse A and not caused by application of a latter pulse B under the conditions C.
  • the conversion of an optical state was caused not by application of a former pulse A but by application of a latter pulse B.
  • a DC bias component it is further possible to control a DC bias component to an arbitrary level, preferably to zero. Further, according to the present invention, a display of a high contrast can be realized free of crosstalk.
  • a liquid crystal apparatus includes a liquid crystal device comprising a matrix electrode structure including scanning electrodes and data electrodes intersecting each other and forming a pixel at each intersection, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy disposed between the scanning electrodes and the data electrodes; and means for applying to a pixel on a selected scanning electrode a bipolar pulse for causing a conversion of one optical state to the other optical state of the pixel, the bipolar data pulse including a unit pulse of one polarity which has a duration set to be shorter than a minimum value ⁇ min of a current response time ⁇ 0.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
EP19890109852 1988-06-01 1989-05-31 Flüssigkristallgerät und Verfahren zum Steuern dieses Gerätes Expired - Lifetime EP0344753B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP13590788A JPH0833537B2 (ja) 1988-06-01 1988-06-01 液晶装置及びその駆動法
JP135907/88 1988-06-01

Publications (3)

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EP0344753A2 true EP0344753A2 (de) 1989-12-06
EP0344753A3 EP0344753A3 (de) 1991-08-14
EP0344753B1 EP0344753B1 (de) 1995-08-02

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997023863A1 (en) * 1995-12-21 1997-07-03 The Secretary Of State For Defence Multiplex addressing of ferroelectric liquid crystal displays
GB2312542A (en) * 1995-12-21 1997-10-29 Secr Defence Multiplex addressing of ferroelectric liquid crystal diplays
US7297377B2 (en) * 1999-02-25 2007-11-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Liquid crystal display devices

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0244804A2 (de) * 1986-05-09 1987-11-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Verfahren zur Multiplexsteuerung eines ein ferroelektrisches Flüssigkristall enthaltenden optischen Schalterelementes

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0244804A2 (de) * 1986-05-09 1987-11-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Verfahren zur Multiplexsteuerung eines ein ferroelektrisches Flüssigkristall enthaltenden optischen Schalterelementes

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997023863A1 (en) * 1995-12-21 1997-07-03 The Secretary Of State For Defence Multiplex addressing of ferroelectric liquid crystal displays
GB2312542A (en) * 1995-12-21 1997-10-29 Secr Defence Multiplex addressing of ferroelectric liquid crystal diplays
GB2312542B (en) * 1995-12-21 2000-02-23 Secr Defence Multiplex addressing of ferroelectric liquid crystal displays
US6127996A (en) * 1995-12-21 2000-10-03 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Multiplex addressing of ferroelectric liquid crystal displays
US7297377B2 (en) * 1999-02-25 2007-11-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Liquid crystal display devices

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01304430A (ja) 1989-12-08
EP0344753A3 (de) 1991-08-14
DE68923654D1 (de) 1995-09-07
JPH0833537B2 (ja) 1996-03-29
DE68923654T2 (de) 1996-01-18
EP0344753B1 (de) 1995-08-02

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