EP0341554A1 - Filaments textiles électro-conducteurs - Google Patents
Filaments textiles électro-conducteurs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0341554A1 EP0341554A1 EP89107941A EP89107941A EP0341554A1 EP 0341554 A1 EP0341554 A1 EP 0341554A1 EP 89107941 A EP89107941 A EP 89107941A EP 89107941 A EP89107941 A EP 89107941A EP 0341554 A1 EP0341554 A1 EP 0341554A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- electrically
- conductive
- composition
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 title description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010014405 Electrocution Diseases 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylidene-3,5-dioxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-triene-2,6-dione Chemical compound C1(C2=CC=C(C(=O)OC(=C)O1)C=C2)=O LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical group C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012799 electrically-conductive coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009998 heat setting Methods 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical compound NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Laurolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCN1 JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000305 Nylon 6,10 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000935974 Paralichthys dentatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004784 Superba Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000324401 Superba Species 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OXIKYYJDTWKERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl]methanamine Chemical compound NCC1CCC(CN)CC1 OXIKYYJDTWKERT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Sb](=O)O[Sb](=O)=O LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sb+3].[Sb+3] GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006017 homo-polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005596 polymer binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/47—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table; Vanadates; Niobates; Tantalates; Arsenates; Antimonates; Bismuthates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/46—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
Definitions
- This invention relates to electrically-conductive textile fibers which find particular application in the construction of antistatic fabrics of various kinds.
- fiber as used herein includes fibers of extreme or indefinite length (i.e., filaments) and fibers of short length (i.e., staple).
- fibers of extreme or indefinite length i.e., filaments
- fibers of short length i.e., staple
- bond as used herein means a continuous strand of fibers.
- One procedure for preventing the undesirable buildup of static electricity involves the utilization of conductive filaments which have been coated on the surface with electrically conductive carbon black particles in combination with natural fibers or fibers made from synthetic polymers to produce a woven, knitted, netted, tufted, or otherwise fabricated structure, which readily dissipates the static charges as they are generated. Representative of such a procedure is disclosed in United States Patent Nos. 3,823,035 and 4,255,487, which are owned by the assignee of the present invention and are hereby incorporated by reference.
- fibers coated with carbon black have a dark color, i.e., black or grey, which impairs the color tone of the fibers.
- a dark color i.e., black or grey
- the appearance of the resulting fabricated structure is impaired.
- Another procedure for preventing the buildup of static electricity involves the use of conductive filaments having an integral sheath and core wherein the core contains electrically conductive carbon black particles.
- the color of the base tone of these filaments is somewhat lighter than carbon coated filaments, fabricated structures containing these filaments can still be aesthetically unacceptable in many applications.
- the filaments are somewhat limited in their utility; vis, they are not suitable in applications requiring very low resistance and are more expensive and difficult to manufacture than carbon coated filaments.
- the present invention relates to electrically-conductive filaments containing an inner portion comprising a synthetic polymer which is coated on the surface with a substantially transparent electrically-conductive metal oxide powder comprising antimony oxide (Sb2O3, Sb2O5, or mixtures thereof), and tin oxide (SnO, SnO2 or mixtures thereof).
- a substantially transparent electrically-conductive metal oxide powder comprising antimony oxide (Sb2O3, Sb2O5, or mixtures thereof), and tin oxide (SnO, SnO2 or mixtures thereof).
- Electrically-conductive filaments coated with the transparent, conductive metal oxide powder are economical, easy to manufacture, have excellent antistatic properties, and have aesthetically pleasing properties, in that the color of the synthetic polymer is not impaired.
- the filaments can have either a circular or asymmetrical cross-sectional profile.
- the electrically conductive filaments of the present invention are preferably prepared using either orifice or roller coating procedures.
- the electrically-conductive, transparent composition of the present invention comprises the following ingredients:
- the amount of antimony oxide present in the electrically-conductive transparent composition will generally be an amount in the range of from about 1 to aout 6 weight percent and, more preferably, from about 1 to about 2 weight percent based on the total weight of antimony oxide and tin oxide in the composition.
- the particle size of the powder is such that conductive filaments coated therewith have a resistance which is preferably not more than about 109 ohms/cm, while at the same time the filaments exhibit sufficient transparency such that their base color and dyeability are not substantially impaired. Furthermore, the powder exhibits excellent dispersibility in suitable carrier fluids used to coat and produce the electrically-conductive filaments.
- a preferred first powder comprises at least 94% by weight of particles having a particle size of less than 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the first powder has an average particle size in the range of from about 0.5 to about 0.7 ⁇ m and, more preferably, an average particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m.
- particle size as used herein means the average particle diameter of the individual particles as measured by Fisher Sub Sieve size.
- the electrically-conductive, transparent composition of the present invention comprises a powder consisting essentially of antimony oxide and tin oxide a particle size of about 0.5 ⁇ m, and the antimony oxide is present in an amount of about 1 percent based on the total weight of antimony oxide and tin oxide in the composition.
- the electrically-conductive, transparent composition of the invention can be prepared using various procedures known to persons skilled in the art.
- One such procedure comprises forming a powdery mixture containing desired amounts of antimony oxide and tin oxide, firing the resulting mixture to form the conductive composition, and grinding the conductive to the desired particle size.
- Another procedure involves precipitating an admixture of antimony oxide and tin oxide from solution.
- Examples of synthetic polymers which are suitable for use in the invention include those polymers which are capable of being processed into shaped articles, i.e., fibers, filaments, yarns, and various textile products.
- homopolymers of olefins such as low density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, polypropylene, copolymers of olefins with other ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylenebutene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymer and the like find application in the present invention.
- Polyamides find particular application in the present invention.
- examples of such polyamides include homopolyamides and copolyamides which are obtained by the polymerization of lactam or aminocarboxylic acid or a copolymerization product of diamine and dicarboxylic acid.
- Typical polyamides include nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 6,10, nylon 6,12, nylon 11, nylon 12, and copolymers thereof or mixtures thereof.
- Polyamides can be also copolymers of nylon 6 or nylon 66 and a nylon salt obtained by reacting a dicarboxylic acid component such as terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, adipic acid and sebacic acid with a diamine such as hexamethylenediamine, methaxylenediamine, and 1,4-bisaminomethylcyclohexane.
- polyester fibers also find particular application in the present invention.
- the preferred polyesters are the linear terephthalate polyesters, i.e., polyesters of a glycol containing from 2 to 20 carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid component comprising at least about 75% terephthalic acid.
- the remainder, if any, of the dicarboxylic acid component may be any suitable dicarboxylic acid such as sebacic acid, adipic acid, isophthalic acid, sulfonyl-4,4-dibenzoic acid, or 2,8-di-benzofurandicarboxylic acid.
- linear terephthalate polyesters which may be employed include poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate), poly(ethylene terephthalate/5-chloroisophthalate)-(85/15), poly(ethyleneterephthalate/5-[sodium sulfo]-isophthalate) (97/3), poly(cyclohexane-1,4,-dimethylene terephthalate/hexahydroterephthalate) (75/25).
- Polyacrylonitrile homopolymers and copolymers can be utilized in the present invention.
- polyacrylonitrile as used herein means a synthetic polymer composed of at least 85 percent by weight acrylonitrile monomer units (-CH2- -). Up to 15 percent of the polymer can be comprised of a vinyl monomer which is copolymerizable with acrylonitrile such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, and vinyl derivatives containing sulfo or carboxyl groups.
- the electrically conductive powder is preferably applied to the surface of the filaments utilizing a binder.
- Preferred binders include the same synthetic polymers from which the filaments are prepared, i.e., polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters, and polyethers.
- the filaments of the present invention can have either a circular cross-sectional profile or an asymmetrical cross-sectional profile.
- the asymmetry of the filaments of the invention is determined by measuring their eccentricity (E).
- Eccentricity (E) is measured by the following equation: wherein T max is the maximum thickness of the filaments and T min is the minimum thickness of the coating of the filaments.
- T min is a positive integer that is substantially less than T max .
- T min will be a positive integer that is larger than the value of T min for filaments having a one-sided asymmetrical profile.
- the eccentricity (E) of the filaments is preferably an amount in the range of from about 0.3 to about 0.99 and, more preferably, from about 0.6 to about 0.9.
- FIGURE 1 a preferred filament having a one-sided asymmetrical cross-sectional profile is shown.
- the filament comprises a polymeric substrate (2) surrounded by an electroconductive coating (4).
- T max is determined by measuring in the filament at its portion of greatest thickness the distance from outside of the polymeric substrate (6) to inside of the electroconductive powder (8).
- T min is determined in the same manner. The distance of T min will be substantially less than T max .
- the asymmetry is due primarily to an uneven coating of the electrically-conductive powder (8) on one side of the filament.
- Another preferred filament has a two-sided asymmetrical cross-sectional profile, as shown in FIGURE 2.
- the filament comprises a polymeric substrate (10) surrounded by an electrically-conductive coating(12).
- T max is measured in the same way as the filament at its portion of greatest thickness, the distance from the outside of the polymeric substrate (14) to the inside of the electroconductive powder (16).
- T min is determined in the same manner as the filament of FIGURE 1 by measuring the distance of minimum thickness from the outside of the polymeric substrate (18) to the inside of the electroconductive powder.
- T min will generally have a greater value for filaments having a two-sided asymmetrical cross-sectional profile than filaments having a one-sided asymmetrical cross-sectional profile. In this filament, the asymmetry is due primarily to an uneven coating of the electroconductive powder (12) on two sides of the filament.
- a particularly desirable feature of the filaments illustrated in FIGURES 1 and 2 is that they are self-crimping when heated, such as by contacting the filaments with steam.
- the filaments of the invention can have a wide range of deniers. Filaments, particularly of polyamides such as nylon 6, having a denier/filament in the range of from about 5 and 50 find particular application in many apparel and floor covering applications.
- the fibers preferably have an electrical resistance in the range of from about 104 to about 109 ohms/cm. Fibers having this amount of electrical resistance are particularly suitable for employment in a wide variety of fabrics for preventing the accumulation of high charges of static electricity while presenting no appreciable electrocution hazard.
- the amount of electrically-conductive powder coated on the surface of the filament will vary over a wide range with no limitation. The greater the quantity, the higher the conductivity of the filaments. If too much is applied, however, the physical properties of the filaments can be adversely affected. If very small amounts are applied, satisfactory electrical conductivity properties will not be obtained.
- the filaments will contain from about 1 to about 30 weight percent of powder based on the weight of the synthetic polymer. Furthermore, the resulting electrically-conductive filaments will have a powder coating thickness of from about 0.5 to about 10 ⁇ m.
- the coating of the electrically-conductive powder on the surface of the filamentary polymer substrate is preferably characterized by the existence of a discrete, independent phase of electrically conductive particles suffused into a non-conductive filamentary polymer substrate.
- the polymer substrate is of substantially circular configuration, it has been found of especial advantage if the annular region of suffused electrically-conductive particles extends perpendicularly inwardly from the periphery of the filament up to a distance equal to about 1/10 the radius of the filament. Under such conditions, the physical properties of the suffused filamentary substrate still closely approximate those of the unmodified filamentary substrate while the conductivity thereof has been strikingly increased.
- the annular region most advantageously extends perpendicularly inwardly from the periphery of the filament up to a distance equal to about 1/10 the radius of a circle inscribed within the cross-sectional perimeter of the filament.
- the electrically-conductive textile fiber of the present invention may be prepared for the filamentary polymer substrates using special techniques, the most satisfactory of which comprehend applying to the filamentary polymer substrate a disperson of the finely divided, electrically-conductive material in a liquid, preferably containing a binder, which is a good solvent for the substrate, but does not react with or dissolve the electrically-conductive material.
- a combination of such liquids may be used if desired.
- the chosen concentration of electrically-conductive material in the solvent system is dependent upon the desired fiber conductivity and is limited by the viscosity of the dispersion. (Dispersions which are either too viscous or not viscous enough are difficultly applied when certain methods of application are expedient.)
- this dispersion to the filamentary substrate may be by padding, painting, spraying, dipping, rolling, printing, or the like.
- the dispersion may contain dissolved polymer (binder) of the same nature as that of the substrate, under which conditions the annular suffusion terminates imperceptibly in an integral coating of the same composition.
- solvent removal from the substrate must be effected before the structural integrity thereof is appreciably destroyed. This is conveniently accomplished by vaporization (for volatile solvents) and/or washing with a non-solvent (for non-volatile solvents) after the desired degree of solvent penetration has taken place (esp. up to about 1/10 of the radius of substantially cylindrical filamentary substrates).
- the applicable dispersion when filamentary substrates of polyamides such as nylon 6 are employed, the applicable dispersion usually contains from about 15 to about 45 percent by weight conductive powder based on the total weight of the dispersion in a mixture comprising a solvent of formic acid and acetic acid or water.
- the solvent may be advantageously removed by continuously passing the dispersion-treated filament through a chamber in which the air is continually exchanged, e.g., by means of air jets and/or means for evacuation.
- the preferred methods of preparing the conductive filaments of the present invention are roller or orifice coating procedures.
- a preferred roller coating procedure is disclosed in United States Patent 4,704,311, which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and is hereby incorporated by reference.
- the use of the roller coating procedure disclosed therein results in a conductive filament having the profile shown in FIGURE 2.
- the two-sided asymmetry of the filament is due to the grooved, roll-type mix applicator disclosed therein, in which the grooves have a "V" cross section.
- a coating comprising polymeric material can be subsequently applied to the filament coated with the electrically conductive powder to enhance the durability of the electrically conductive powder on the filament.
- a symmetrical filament is illustrated containing a polymeric substrate (22), conductive coating (24) and an outer polymeric coating (26).
- Asymmetrical filaments such as those illustrated in FIGURES 1 and 2 can also contain an outer polymeric coating.
- the outer polymeric coating can comprise the same or different synthetic polymers from which the filaments are prepared.
- Orifice coating techniques find particular application in preparing conductive filaments represented by FIGURE 1 wherein the coating is applied uniformly to the filament to produce a filament having two-sided asymmetry.
- Other techniques of preparing the conductive filaments are known to persons skilled in the art.
- the electrically-conductive filaments be subjected to heat treatment in order to increase the adhesion of the coating on the filaments.
- the treatment is referred to as heatsetting.
- the heatsetting operation is accomplished using either Superba equipment, in which case the filaments are subjected to steam at about 130°C-140°C, or Suessen equipment, in which case the filaments are subject to hot air at about 195°C-205°C.
- the electrically-conductive textile fiber of the instant invention finds special utility in the production of fabrics, the use of which avoids the accumulation of high charges of static electricity while presenting no appreciable electrocution hazard.
- woven fabrics are produced by standard interweaving of the electrically-conductive fiber of the instant invention with ordinary threads made from natural fibers such as cotton or wool, and/or man-made fibers such as nylon, rayon, acrylic or polyester.
- the electrically-conductive fiber is preferably present in an amount equal to about 0.05-10.0, and preferably 0.1-5.0 percent by weight of the woven fabric.
- pile fabrics can be produced comprising a backing material having pile loops anchored therein.
- the backing material comprises chain yarns interwoven with filler yarns, as is very well-known in the art. Moreover, the backing material may be constructed from any of the materials commonly employed in the art, such as jute or hemp, among many others.
- the pile loops comprise a yarn made of a plurality of strands twisted together by standard techniques. At least one such strand comprises the electrically-conductive fiber of the present invention.
- the balance of the yarn comprises any commonly-employed natural or man-made fibers. As will be understood by one of skill in the art, it may not be necessary that every end of yarn in the pile contain a strand of the electrically-conductive fiber of the present invention.
- the electrically-conductive fiber of the present invention is generally present in an amount equal to about 0.05-10.0, and, preferably, 0.1-5.0 percent by weight of the pile fabric.
- Fabrics such as those of the preparation of which is outlined above when employed in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 20%, will not generate a static charge above about 3000 volts, which is in proximity to the threshold level of human sensitivity.
- These fabrics moreover, when containing an especially-preferred embodiment of the electrically-conductive fiber of the present invention, do not present an electrocution hazard to those contacting them in the event of an accidental and simultaneous contact of such fabrics with a source of essentially unlimited electrical current, as is available from an ordinary electrical outlet, or an electrical appliance short-circuited by insulation failure.
- An electrically conductive filament was prepared utilizing an electrically conductive coating composition containing the following ingredients: Coating Composition Tin Oxide/Antimony Oxide Powder 25% Nylon 6 Chips 5% Dispersing Agent 1% Formic Acid 48% Water 21%
- the tin oxide/antimony oxide powder contained 99 percent by weight tin oxide and 1% by weight antimony oxide. At least 25.0 weight percent of the powder based on the total weight of the antimony oxide and tin oxide has an average particle size of at least 0.5 ⁇ m, but less than 1.0 ⁇ m. The remainder had an average particle size of less than 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the coating composition was prepared by dispersing the tin oxide/antimony oxide powder, formic acid, water, and dispersing agent using a suitable mill (sandmill, ballmill, etc.). Next, the nylon 6 chips were dissolved in the dispersion. The coating composition was then applied to a 20 denier nylon monofilament using a kissroll or low pressure (-2 PSIG) die with an internal diameter of 75 microns. The formic acid and water was then removed from the monofilament by evaporation using a dryer. The dry, coated, electrically-conductive filament, which had a denier of 24.5, was then wound on a tube. Using a FLUKE 8020 Electrometer, the electrical resistance of the filament was determined to be 1 x 108 ohms/cm.
- An electrically conductive filament was prepared utilizing a coating composition containing the following ingredients: Coating Composition Tin/Antimony Oxide Powder 35.0% Nylon 6 Chips 4.0% Dispersing Agent 0.4% Formic Acid 18.0% Acetic Acid 40.6% Water 2.0%
- the tin oxide/antimony oxide powder had the same proportions and particle size as set forth in Example I.
- the coating composition was prepared by predispensing the tin oxide/antimony oxide powder, a dispersing agent, acetic acid, formic acid and water in a high speed disc mixer such as a Cowles mixer. Next the nylon chips were added to the mixture and dissolved. This premix was then pumped through a sandmill to affect total disperson of the tin oxide/antimony oxide particles. A nylon monofilament having a denier of 15 was coated using the coating composition in the same manner as described in Example 1. The resulting filament, which had a denier of 19.5, was measured for electrical resistance. The resistance was determined to be 8 x 107 ohm/cm.
- An electrically conductive filament was prepared utilizing a coating composition containing the following ingredients: Coating Composition Tin/Antimony Oxide 20.0% Nylon 6 Chips 8.0% Dispersing Agent 0.2% Formic Acid 16.0% Acetic Acid 54.0% Water 1.8%
- the tin oxide/antimony oxide powder had the same proportions and particle size as set forth in Example I.
- the coating composition was prepared in the same manner as Example II except that one half of the total amount of acetic acid utilized therewith was added to the mixture after the nylon 6 chips were added rather than during the predispersion step as in Example II. The predispersion was then sandmilled in the same manner as Example II.
- the coating mixture is not a particularly good solvent for nylon 6 and, therefore, is particularly suitable for coating nylon 6 monofilaments having a denier of 7 using the roller coating procedure.
- An electrically conductive filament was prepared utilizing a coating composition containing the following ingredients: Coating Composition Tin/Antimony Oxide 40.0% Nylon 6 Chips 0.2% Dispersing Agent 0.1% Formic Acid 18.0% Acetic Acid 39.7% Water 2.0%
- the coating composition was prepared in the same manner as Example III. A monofilament having a denier of 20 was coated with the composition, which resulted in a monofilament having a denier of 27. The coated monofilament was then overcoated, by means of a kiss roll on dye, using a coating solution having the following ingredients: Nylon 6 Chips 7% Formic Acid 28% Acetic Acid 62% Water 3%
- the solvent was then removed by drying.
- the resulting monofilament had a 0.5 ⁇ m thick overcoat.
- the monofilament was measured for electrical resistance which was determined to be 5 x 107 ohm/cm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Carpets (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US18989288A | 1988-05-03 | 1988-05-03 | |
US189892 | 1988-05-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0341554A1 true EP0341554A1 (fr) | 1989-11-15 |
Family
ID=22699200
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89107941A Withdrawn EP0341554A1 (fr) | 1988-05-03 | 1989-05-02 | Filaments textiles électro-conducteurs |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0341554A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JPH0261173A (fr) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5413739A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1995-05-09 | Coleman; James P. | Electrochromic materials and displays |
US5754329A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1998-05-19 | Monsanto Company | Electrochromic display laminates |
US5876633A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1999-03-02 | Monsanto Company | Electrochromic metal oxides |
US5876634A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1999-03-02 | Monsanto Company | Electrochromic tin oxide |
US5891511A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1999-04-06 | Monsanto Company | Addition of color to electrochromic displays |
WO2001025367A1 (fr) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-12 | Tedeco S.A. | Procede de preparation de dispersions stables de nanoparticules d'oxydes metalliques, et de fabrications de fibres revetues par ces oxydes, et fibres et articles ainsi obtenus |
WO2013182568A2 (fr) | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Cht R. Beitlich Gmbh | Adjuvant textile et produit textile apprêté au moyen de cet adjuvant |
US11393303B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 | 2022-07-19 | Koninklijke Fabriek Inventum B.V. | Smart cabin carpet |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5190015A (en) * | 1991-02-05 | 1993-03-02 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Evaporated fuel discharge suppressing apparatus for an internal combustion engine |
JPH04311664A (ja) * | 1991-04-11 | 1992-11-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 蒸発燃料回収装置 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB573472A (en) * | 1943-03-11 | 1945-11-22 | Louis Arnold Jordan | Improvements in and relating to the treatment of organic fibrous materials with reference to fire and smoulder resistance |
US4704311A (en) * | 1985-12-04 | 1987-11-03 | Basf Corporation | Process for making electrically conductive textile filaments |
-
1989
- 1989-05-02 EP EP89107941A patent/EP0341554A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-05-06 JP JP11401489A patent/JPH0261173A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB573472A (en) * | 1943-03-11 | 1945-11-22 | Louis Arnold Jordan | Improvements in and relating to the treatment of organic fibrous materials with reference to fire and smoulder resistance |
US4704311A (en) * | 1985-12-04 | 1987-11-03 | Basf Corporation | Process for making electrically conductive textile filaments |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 99, no. 6, août 1983, page 65, abstract no. 39738r, Columbus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-83 18 445 (TEIJIN LTD) 03-02-1983 * |
Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5413739A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1995-05-09 | Coleman; James P. | Electrochromic materials and displays |
US5742424A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1998-04-21 | Monsanto Company | Electrochromic materials and displays |
US5754329A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1998-05-19 | Monsanto Company | Electrochromic display laminates |
US5812300A (en) * | 1992-12-22 | 1998-09-22 | Monsanto Company | Electrochromic materials and displays |
US5876633A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1999-03-02 | Monsanto Company | Electrochromic metal oxides |
US5876634A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1999-03-02 | Monsanto Company | Electrochromic tin oxide |
US5891511A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 1999-04-06 | Monsanto Company | Addition of color to electrochromic displays |
US6084701A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 2000-07-04 | Monsanto Company | Electrochromic tin oxide |
US6165388A (en) * | 1995-12-26 | 2000-12-26 | Monsanto Company | Electrochromic metal oxides |
WO2001025367A1 (fr) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-12 | Tedeco S.A. | Procede de preparation de dispersions stables de nanoparticules d'oxydes metalliques, et de fabrications de fibres revetues par ces oxydes, et fibres et articles ainsi obtenus |
FR2799392A1 (fr) * | 1999-10-06 | 2001-04-13 | Tedeco | Nouveau procede de preparation de dispersions stables de nanoparticules d'oxydes metalliques, et de fabrications de fibres revetues par ces oxydes, et fibres et articles ainsi obtenus |
WO2013182568A2 (fr) | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Cht R. Beitlich Gmbh | Adjuvant textile et produit textile apprêté au moyen de cet adjuvant |
DE102012209598A1 (de) | 2012-06-06 | 2013-12-12 | Cht R. Beitlich Gmbh | Textilhilfsmittel und damit veredeltes Textilprodukt |
US11393303B2 (en) | 2020-05-12 | 2022-07-19 | Koninklijke Fabriek Inventum B.V. | Smart cabin carpet |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPH0261173A (ja) | 1990-03-01 |
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