EP0339333A1 - Method and device for cutting and lining tunnels, shafts or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

In the method or the device for cutting and lining tunnels, shafts or the like of elongated structures, the driving is effected by means of a shield or cutter driving device. Here, the shield tail or the cutter tails (24) at the same time serve as outer formwork for the cast-in-situ lining, i.e. for producing concrete sections (28, 30, 32). In order to prevent the hollow space between the cast-in-situ lining (26) and the soil (12) from being incompletely filled after driving of the cutters, the tail of the shield or cutter driving device is divided into individual parallel strips (24) arranged at a distance from one another and supporting the soil (12), so that the spaces between the strips in the form of ribs are filled with concrete when the cast-in-situ lining (26) is being concreted. After the driving of the shield or the cutters, the spaces between the ribs are filled with concrete. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method for excavating and finishing of tunnels, tunnels, shafts or the like. Elongated structures with the help of a shield or knife driving device, the shield tail or the knife tails are used as external formwork for in-situ concrete expansion, as well as a device for breaking out, supporting, and concreting tunnels, tunnels, shafts or the like. elongated structures, in the form of a shield jacking device or knife jacking device, the shield or knife tail serving to support the soil and at the same time as external formwork for in-situ concrete expansion.

When in-situ concrete expansion of tunnels, tunnels, shafts or the like. Elongated structures that are raised using the shield or knife driving method, the shield or knife tail serves to support the soil and at the same time as external formwork for in-situ concrete expansion.

In shield driving, the tail area is a steel tube with a generally circular cross section. Individual parallel strips are provided for the knife advance, which overlap each other and which consist of the knife head, knife body and knife tail. Both methods have in common that since the tail area is closed, no direct contact between the soil and concrete can be made during concreting. As the shield or knife advance advances, a cavity is created over the entire circumference of the concrete corresponding to the profile cross section of the tail of the shield or knife advance.

This cavity must be filled, on the one hand, to create the bedding of the concrete profile in the surrounding soil and, on the other hand, to avoid subsidence that can occur as a result of the cavity collapsing. The cavity is usually either blown with granules or with a plastic filler pressed. The complete filling of such a cavity is very labor-intensive and time-consuming and generally does not succeed in practice. It also shows that the bedding of the concrete profile is not produced by direct contact with the surrounding soil, but only indirectly via the filling medium. The serious disadvantage arises that the plastic injection material shrinks and an injected granulate is compressed again under the influence of the rock pressure.

The invention has for its object a method and an apparatus for excavating, supporting and concreting tunnels, tunnels, shafts or the like. to create elongated structures with which a direct contact of the concrete profile with the soil is guaranteed and subsequent backfilling work can be greatly reduced.

This object is achieved in that the shield tail is dissolved in individual, spaced parallel, ground-supporting strips or that gaps are left between the knife tails that when concreting the spaces between the strips or knife tails also with in-situ concrete be filled in the form of ribs, and that the spaces between the ribs are filled after the shield or knife has been driven.

It is known from earthworks that support vaults are formed in the floor between floor supports spaced apart from one another, ie that the floor supports itself in the support-free intermediate areas. This knowledge is used according to the invention and the shield tail is broken up into individual, spaced-apart, parallel strips that support the ground, or the knife tails have a smaller width than the knife heads and knife bodies, the distance between the strips or the width of the knife tails is selected such that the load-bearing behavior of the types of soil through which the structure is guided is taken into account. Instead of the previously usual full-surface ground support by a self-contained shield tail or by knives in contact over their entire length, the method according to the invention results in strip-like supports of the ground which are spaced apart and between which the ground is self-supporting.

When concreting, the concrete penetrates into the spaces between the strips of the shield tail or the knife tails, so that the concreting of the in-situ concrete profile in the area of the spaces between the webs is already achieved with the concreting. The concrete profile accordingly has ribs on the outer circumferential surface, which form floor supports, so that, after the shield or the knives have been propelled, supporting vaults can in turn form in the floor. In this way, cavities located outside the shield tail contour or knife tail contour, which e.g. caused by the extraction of boulders during the excavation.

Simultaneously with the concreting process, the cavities created by the individual strips of the shield jacking or knife tails of the knife jacking are filled with concrete in the area of the previous concreting section.

In order to allow the concrete to penetrate into these cavities, the ends of the individual strips or knife tails have a cross-sectional taper in the area of their support in the previously produced concreting section, which is designed in such a way that the liquid concrete laterally on the strips or knife tails are preferably conical, can penetrate into the cavities.

A device for excavating, supporting and concreting tunnels, tunnels, shafts or the like. Elongated structures, in the form of a shield jacking device or knife jacking device, the shield or knife tail serving to support the soil and at the same time serving as external formwork for the in-situ concrete expansion, is characterized according to the invention in that the shield tail is divided into individual, spaced, parallel, the Ground-supporting strip is resolved or that the knife tails have a smaller width than the knife heads and the knife body.

Each knife tail is preferably designed in the form of one or more strips. The strips provide the support for the floor, so that vaults can form between them, and the floor can support itself between the strip-shaped supports. When making the in-situ concrete, concrete is poured into the cavity between the strips, so that ribs are formed which are in direct contact with the ground or soil. After the shield or the knives have been driven, these ribs support the floor, so that the floor supports itself over the cavities that arise after the shield or the knives have been driven. These cavities of a section that has already been concreted can be filled during the concreting of a subsequent section.

The strips are preferably conical, so that the strips can slide easily in the in-situ concrete and on the ground.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the strips have a rectangular cross section with a conical surface attached, the narrower surface also resting on the floor here.

In order to allow the concrete to penetrate into the cavities formed by the strips, the ends of the individual strips have a cross-sectional taper in the area of their support in the previously produced concreting section, which is designed in such a way that the liquid concrete flows past the strips into the cavities can penetrate.

In order to prevent soft or pulpy types of soil from running into the spaces between the strips, in a further development of the invention, end profiles are arranged between the strips and can be pulled out parallel to the strips during concreting. If the filled concrete reaches the space between the strips during the concreting process, the movable end profile is pulled out parallel to the strips, so that the liquid concrete continuously fills the space of the movable end profile and contact is made with the ground.

• Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Schildvortriebs­vorrichtung längs der Linie I-I von Fig. 3,
• Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt entsprechend Fig. 1, wobei ein neuer Betonabschnitt hergestellt und gleich­zeitig der Hohlraum zwischen Streifen des vor­gängigen Betonierabschnitts verfüllt ist,
• Fig. 3 in Draufsicht einen Ausschnitt eines Schild- bzw. Messermantels,
• Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt längs der Linie IV-IV von Fig. 1,
• Fig. 5 einen Querschnitt längs der Linie V-V von Fig. 2,
• Fig. 6 einen Querschnitt längs der Linie VI-VI von Fig. 1,
• Fig. 7 einen Querschnitt durch zwei benachbarte Streifen eines Schild- bzw. Messerschwanzes mit angeordnetem Abschlußprofil, und
• Fig. 8 einen Querschnitt durch zwei abgewandelte Ausführungen von Streifen eines Schild- bzw. Messerschwanzes.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. It shows:

• 1 shows a longitudinal section through a shield driving device along the line II of FIG. 3,
• 2 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to FIG. 1, a new concrete section being produced and at the same time the cavity between strips of the previous concreting section being filled,
• 3 is a plan view of a section of a shield or knife sheath,
• 4 shows a cross section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1,
• 5 shows a cross section along the line VV of FIG. 2,
• 6 shows a cross section along the line VI-VI of FIG. 1,
• Fig. 7 shows a cross section through two adjacent strips of a shield or knife tail with an arranged end profile, and
• Fig. 8 shows a cross section through two modified versions of strips of a shield or knife tail.

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a shield or knife jack 10, which is driven in the floor 12. Knives 14 are supported by support frames 16, 18. Each knife 14 consists of a knife head 20, a knife body 22 and a knife tail 24. The knife tails 24 serve not only to support the ground but also as formwork for an in-situ concrete profile 26, which is behind the shield or Knife propulsion device 10 is formed. 1 shows three concreting sections 28, 30 and 32 of the in-situ concrete profile 26. Since the knife tails 24 have a vertical extension, a cavity 34 remains between the base 12 and the in-situ concrete profile 26 after the blades have been propelled. These cavities 34 must be filled after the device 10 has been propelled. Over the concrete section 28 and partly. A filling with concrete 36 has already been made over the concrete section 30.

Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to Fig. 1, wherein a new concrete section 38 has been formed. Furthermore, the cavity 34 shown in FIG. 1 has been filled with concrete.

In order to achieve a secure support of the base 12 during the shield or knife advance, the knife tails are designed in the form of strips 40, 42 which are arranged on the knife body 22. The formation of the knife tails in the form of strips ensures that during the concreting of the concrete sections 28, 30, 32 and 38 ribs are formed on the peripheral surface of these sections, which are in direct contact with the floor 12, so that a support of the floor is given when the knives and thus the knife tails are driven. During the concreting of concrete sections 28, 30, 32 and 38 only the cavities that are formed between the ribs and correspond to the driven knife tails are filled. Fig. 3 shows a plan view of a knife or part of a shield. The strips 40, 42, which form the tail of a knife or a shield, are formed at their ends with tapered sections 44 and 46, respectively. The mode of operation of the knife or shield driving tails and tapered sections in the form of strips is clear from FIGS. 4 to 6.

Fig. 4 shows a section through strips 50, 52, 54, 56 and 58, which form tails of a shield or knife propulsion. The strips 50 to 58 support the floor 12, so that supporting arches 60, 62, 64, 66 can form in the floor. This ensures that no soil passes between the knife tails 50 to 58.

Fig. 5 shows a cross section through the knife tails 50, 52, 54, 56 and 58, which have been used as outer formwork in the manufacture of the concreting section 38. When concreting the concrete section 38, 50 to 58 ribs 68, 70, 72, 74 of concrete were formed between the knife tails. Since the knives 50 to 58 are conical in cross section, the ribs 68 to 74 are correspondingly designed with an increasing width. After the advance of the knives 50 to 58, the ribs 68 to 74 take over the support of the floor 12, so that it is ensured that no floor penetrates into the cavities which the knives leave after they have been driven into the concrete.

FIG. 6 shows a section through the rear end of the knives 50 to 58. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the rear end of the knives is designed with tapered sections 76, 78, 80, 82 and 84. These tapered sections 76 to 84 lie in cavities 86, 88, 90, 92 and 94, respectively, which protrude from the concrete section 32 after the blades 50 to 58 have advanced were formed. During the concreting of the concrete section 38, concrete can flow past the tapered sections 76 to 84 of the knives 50 to 58 into the cavities 86 to 94 and fill these cavities, so that no subsequent filling work has to be carried out, since the one previously concreted between the ribs Concrete section formed cavities are filled during concreting a subsequent concrete section.

7 shows a section through two strips 100, 102 of a knife or shield tail. The strips 100 and 102 serve to support the floor 104. In order to prevent soft or mushy soil from being able to pass through the strips 100 and 102, an end profile 106 is arranged between two strips 100 and 102, which also supports the floor 104. When the filled concrete reaches the space between the strips 100 and 102 during the concreting process, the movable end profile 106 is pulled out parallel to the strips 100 and 102, so that the liquid concrete continuously fills the space which the end profile 106 previously occupied and the contact to the earth 104 is produced.

FIG. 8 shows strips 110 and 112 of a knife or shield tail, which in cross section consist of a rectangular section 114 and a conical section 116 placed thereon. The tapered knives according to FIGS. 4 to 7 or the strips composed of a rectangular surface and a conical surface according to FIG. 8 enable the knife or shield tails to be easily moved in the concrete and on the ground and an easy arrangement of end profiles.

Claims (9)

1. Process for excavating and finishing of tunnels, tunnels, shafts or the like. Elongated structures, with the help of a shield or knife propulsion device, the shield tail or the knife tails being used as external formwork for in-situ concrete expansion, characterized in that the shield tail is broken up into individual, spaced, parallel, ground-supporting strips, or that spaces are left between the knife tails, that when concreting the spaces between the strips or knife tails are also filled with in-situ concrete in the form of ribs and that the spaces between the ribs are filled after the shield or knife has been driven forward. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs are conical in cross section. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that concrete is used to fill the spaces between the ribs. 4. Device for breaking out, supporting and concreting tunnels, tunnels, shafts or the like. Elongated structures, in the form of a shield jacking device or knife jacking device, the shield tail or knife tail serving to support the soil and at the same time serving as external formwork for in-situ concrete expansion, characterized in that the Shield tail is resolved into individual, spaced-apart parallel strips that support the ground, or that the knife tails have a smaller width than the knife heads and the knife bodies. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that each knife tail (24) is designed in the form of one or more strips (40, 42). 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the strips (50-58, 100, 102) are conical in cross section and that the narrower surface rests on the floor. 7. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the strips (110, 112) are rectangular in cross section (114) with attached conical surface (116). 8. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the ends of the strips (50, 58) are tapered. 9. Device according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that between the strips (100, 102) end profiles (106) are arranged, and that the end profiles (106) can be pulled out parallel to the strips (100, 102) during concreting are.

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