EP0339333B1 - Method and device for cutting and lining tunnels, shafts or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

In the method or the device for cutting and lining tunnels, shafts or the like of elongated structures, the driving is effected by means of a shield or cutter driving device. Here, the shield tail or the cutter tails (24) at the same time serve as outer formwork for the cast-in-situ lining, i.e. for producing concrete sections (28, 30, 32). In order to prevent the hollow space between the cast-in-situ lining (26) and the soil (12) from being incompletely filled after driving of the cutters, the tail of the shield or cutter driving device is divided into individual parallel strips (24) arranged at a distance from one another and supporting the soil (12), so that the spaces between the strips in the form of ribs are filled with concrete when the cast-in-situ lining (26) is being concreted. After the driving of the shield or the cutters, the spaces between the ribs are filled with concrete. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method for lining tunnels, tunnels, shafts or the like with elongated underground cavities, which are driven up with a tunnel shield having a knife shield or a closed shield jacket, as described in the preamble of claim 1, and one formed from a knife shield or a closed shield jacket Driving shield according to the preamble of claim 4.

When removing in-situ concrete from tunnels, tunnels, shafts or similar elongated structures that are excavated using the shield or knife driving method, the shield or knife tail serves to support the excavation wall and at the same time as external formwork for in-situ concrete expansion.

When driving the shield, the tail area of the shield jacket is a steel tube with a generally circular cross section. In the case of knife advance, individual parallel strips are provided which lie closely together or overlap one another and consist of a knife head, a knife body and a knife tail. Both methods have in common that since the tail area is closed, no direct contact between the soil and concrete can be made during concreting. At the Advancement of the shield or knife advance therefore creates a cavity over the entire circumference of the concrete corresponding to the profile cross section of the tail of the shield or knife advance.

This cavity must be filled in order on the one hand to create the bedding of the concrete profile in the surrounding soil and thus with the wall of the excavation and on the other hand to avoid subsidence that can occur as a result of the cavity collapsing. The cavity is usually either blown with granules or pressed with a plastic filler material. The complete filling of such a cavity is very laborious and time-consuming and hardly succeeds in practice. It also shows that the bedding of the concrete profile is not due to direct contact. with the surrounding soil or the excavation wall, but only indirectly via the filling medium. The disadvantage here is that the plastic injection material shrinks and an injected granulate is compressed again under the influence of the rock pressure.

From DE-AS 25 58 670 a method and a device for opening tunnels and the like is known. This device has jacking knives which are connected to trailing knives via joints. The trailing knives represent the outer formwork for the cast-in-place concrete and consist of profiles with a trapezoidal cross-section with laterally essentially horizontally extending attachments. The in-situ concrete is expanded by arranging an inner formwork and attaching a front formwork to the end of the inner formwork on the excavation side. The forehead formwork lies close to the trailing knives serving as the outer formwork and the inner formwork. The outer formwork as well as the inner formwork overlap the end area of the excavation side of an already finished in-situ concrete extension section. The lining material is brought in by a feed device arranged in the area of the inner formwork. A closed cavity is formed by the overlap of part of the finished in-situ concrete extension section and the tight contact of the face formwork with the outer formwork and the inner formwork. Individual jacking knives and thus the trailing knife serving as external formwork can only be driven when the cavity is filled with concrete in order to prevent soil material from breaking into the cavity.

In this known method and also in the known device, it is disadvantageous that when driving the trailing knife, the ground in the area of the overlap of the in-situ concrete extension section created by the trailing knife is no longer in contact with the in-situ concrete extending section. Only when the trailing knives have reached the cavity, by further supplying the lining material, can this possibly penetrate into the cavity designated as a blind hole. By then, however, settlements have already set in, which can lead to the fact that the blind hole can no longer be filled with construction material. Settlement is favored by the cross-sectional shape of the trailing knives, which leave a cross-sectional configuration on the floor in the blind hole area, in which a vault formation cannot support to support this free floor area. Even if backfilling is possible, the problem of shrinking and recompression of the injection material still arises.

It is an object of the present invention, a method and a device for lining tunnel, tunnel, shaft or the like. to create elongated, underground cavities, which ensure secure support of the excavated cavity and with which a direct contact of the in-situ concrete with the soil is guaranteed to prevent or at least greatly reduce subsidence.

In terms of method, this object is achieved in a generic method by the characterizing features of claim 1 and in terms of the device in a generic device by the characterizing features of claim 4.

It is known from earthworks that there are supporting vaults in the ground between ground supports spaced apart from one another, i.e. that the floor supports itself in the support-free intermediate areas. This knowledge is used according to the invention and the knife tails or the shield tail are dissolved in individual, spaced-apart, parallel tongues supporting the base or the wall of the outbreak. In relation to the knife tails, the tongues have a smaller width than the knife head and the knife body. In the shield tail, the tongues are spaced accordingly. The distance between the tongues or their width is selected such that the load-bearing behavior of the soil types in which an excavation is to be made is taken into account. Instead of the previously known full-surface floor or excavation wall support by means of a self-contained shield tail or by knives in contact over their entire length, in the method according to the invention or in the device according to the invention, tongue-shaped supports of the excavation wall are located at a distance from one another, between which there is the floor itself carries.

When concreting, the concrete penetrates into the spaces between the tongues of the shield tail or the knife tails, so that the concrete in-situ construction section is already embedded in the area between the tongues during the concreting. The corresponding concreting section accordingly has ribs made of in-situ concrete on its outer circumferential surface, which form the floor supports, so that after the shield casing or the knife shield has been driven in turn can form vaults in the floor. In this way, cavities located outside the shield tail contour or the knife tail contour, which, for. B. have arisen from the extraction of boulders during tunneling.

Simultaneously with the concreting process, the cavities created by the individual tongues in the area of the previous concreting section are filled with concrete.

In the corresponding devices, the tongues are conical in cross-section, the narrower cross-section of the tongues abutting the breakout surface. This conical configuration of the tongues promotes the formation of a supporting arch between the tongues and facilitates the arrangement of end profiles between the tongues.

A conical cross-sectional configuration of the tongues can also be achieved in that the tongues are formed in cross section from a rectangular section with an attached conical section.

In order to allow the concrete to penetrate into the cavities formed by the strips, the ends of the individual tongues in the area of their support in the previously produced concreting section have a cross-sectional taper in the longitudinal direction, which is designed such that the liquid concrete passes the strips laterally can penetrate into the cavities.

In order to prevent soft or pulpy soil types from running in of material of the breakout wall into the spaces between the tongues, in a further development of the invention, end profiles are arranged between the tongues and can be pulled out parallel to the tongues during concreting. If the filled concrete reaches the space between the tongues during the concreting process, the movable end profile is pulled out parallel to the tongues, so that the liquid concrete continuously fills the space of the movable end profile and contact is made with the ground.

• Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Messerschildvortriebsvorrichtung längs der Linie I-I von Fig. 3,
• Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt entsprechend Fig. 1, wobei ein neuer Betonierabschnitt hergestellt und gleichzeitig der Hohlraum zwischen Zungen des vorangegangen Betonierabschnitts verfüllt ist,
• Fig. 3 im Draufsicht einen Ausschnitt eines Schildbzw. Messermantels,
• Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt längs der Linie IV-IV von Fig. 1,
• Fig. 5 einen Querschnitt längs der Linie V-V von Fig. 2,
• Fig. 6 einen Querschnitt längs der Linie VI-VI von Fig. 1,
• Fig. 7 einen Querschnitt durch zwei benachbarte Zungen eines Schild- bzw. Messerschwanzes mit angeordnetem Abschlußprofil, und
• Fig. 8 einen Querschnitt durch zwei abgewandelte Ausführungen von Zungen eines Schild- bzw. Messerschwanzes.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows:

• 1 shows a longitudinal section through a knife shield driving device along the line II of FIG. 3,
• 2 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to FIG. 1, a new concreting section being produced and at the same time the cavity between tongues of the preceding concreting section being filled,
• Fig. 3 in plan view a section of a Schildzzw. Knife sheath,
• 4 shows a cross section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 1,
• 5 shows a cross section along the line VV of FIG. 2,
• 6 shows a cross section along the line VI-VI of FIG. 1,
• Fig. 7 shows a cross section through two adjacent tongues of a shield or knife tail with an arranged end profile, and
• Fig. 8 shows a cross section through two modified versions of tongues of a shield or knife tail.

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a shield or knife propulsion device 10 which is driven in the floor 12. Knives 14 are supported by support frames 16, 18. Each knife 14 consists of a knife head 20, a knife body 22 and a knife tail 24. The knife tails 24 serve not only to support the ground but also as formwork for an in-situ concrete profile 26 which is behind the shield or Knife propulsion device 10 is formed. 1 shows three concreting sections 28, 30 and 32 of the in-situ concrete profile 26. Since the knife tails 24 have a vertical extension, after the knives have been advanced, a cavity 34 remains between the base 12 or the wall of the excavation and the in-situ concrete profile 26. These cavities 34 must be filled after the device 10 has been advanced. Above the concreting section 28 and partly A filling with concrete 36 has already been made over the concreting section 30.

Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section corresponding to Fig. 1, wherein a new concreting section 38 has been formed. Furthermore, the cavity 34 shown in FIG. 1 has been filled with concrete.

In order to reliably support the wall of the cut-out during shield or knife advance, the knife tails are designed in the form of tongues 40, 42 which are arranged on the knife body 22. The formation of the knife tails in the form of tongues ensures that during the concreting of the concrete sections 28, 30, 32 and 38 ribs are formed on the circumferential surface of these sections, which are in direct contact with the wall of the cutout, so that the wall of the cutout is supported is when the knives and thus the knife tails are advanced. During concreting of the concreting sections 28, 30, 32 and 38 only the cavities that are formed between the ribs and correspond to the tongues of the driven knife tails are filled. Fig. 3 shows a plan view of a knife or part of a shield. The tongues 40, 42, which form the tail of a knife or a shield, are formed at their ends with sections 44 and 46 that are tapered in the longitudinal direction. The mode of operation of the knife or shield driving tails and tapered sections in the form of tongues is clear from FIGS. 4 to 6.

Fig. 4 shows a section through tongues 50, 52, 54, 56 and 58 which form tails of a shield or knife propulsion device. The tongues 50 to 58 support the floor 12 or the wall of the outbreak so that the supporting vaults 60, 62, 64, 66 can form in the floor 12. This ensures that no material of the breakout wall passes between the knife tails 50 to 58.

Fig. 5 shows a cross section through the tongues 50, 52, 54, 56 and 58, which have been used as outer formwork in the manufacture of the concreting section 38. When concreting the concreting section 38, ribs 68, 70, 72, 74 of concrete were formed between the tongues 50 to 58. Since the tongues 50 to 58 are conical in cross section towards the wall of the cutout, the ribs 68 to 74 are correspondingly formed with an increasing width. After the advancement of the tongues 50 to 58, the ribs 68 to 74 take over the support of the base 12, so that it is ensured that no soil material penetrates into the cavities, which are left in the concrete by the tongues after the advancement of the tongues.

FIG. 6 shows a section through the rear end of the tongues 50 to 58. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the rear end of the tongues is formed with tapered sections 76, 78, 80, 82 and 84, respectively, seen in the longitudinal direction. These tapered sections 76 to 84 lie in cavities 86, 88, 90, 92 and 94, respectively, which are formed in the concreting section 32 after the tongues 50 to 58 have been advanced were. During the concreting of the concreting section 38, concrete can flow past the tapered sections 76 to 84 of the tongues 50 to 58 into the cavities 86 to 94 and fill these cavities, so that no subsequent filling work has to be carried out, since the one between the ribs previously concreted Concrete section formed cavities are filled during concreting a subsequent concreting section.

7 shows a section through two tongues 100, 102 of a knife or shield tail. The tongues 100 and 102 serve to support the floor 104 or an excavation wall. In order to prevent soft or mushy soil material from running through the tongues 100 and 102, an end profile 106 is arranged between two tongues 100 and 102, which also supports the bottom 104. If the filled concrete reaches the space between the tongues 100 and 102 during the concreting process, the movable end profile 106 is pulled out parallel to the tongues 100 and 102, so that the liquid concrete continuously fills the space which the end profile 106 previously occupied and which Contact with the floor 104 is made.

FIG. 8 shows tongues 110 and 112 of a knife or shield tail, which in cross section consist of a rectangular section 114 and a conical section 116 placed thereon. The conical tongues according to FIGS. 4 to 7 or the tongues according to FIG. 8 composed of a rectangular surface and a conical surface enable the formation of a supporting arch between the tongues and an easy arrangement of end profiles.

Claims (8)

1. Method of lining galleries, tunnels, shafts or similar elongated, underground hollow spaces driven by a driving shield having a cutter shield or a closed shield casing, in which method the cutter tails or the shield tail serves as outer formwork for the cast-in- situ concrete lining which is introduced behind formwork for cast-in-situ concrete, the gap space which remains in the cast-in-situ concrete and stems from the cutter tails or the shield tail being filled after the advance of the cutters or the shield casing, characterised in that the cast-in-situ concrete in the area of the cutter tails or the shield tail, as viewed over a cutter-tail width or a shield-tail section, is shaped into a plurality of load-bearing ribs which are provided at a distance from one another, correspond to the cutter-tail height or the shield-tail height, are strip-shaped in the axial direction and are in direct contact with the ground or the excavated wall, the strip-shaped ribs corresponding to recesses which develop due to a tongue-shaped design of the cutter tails or the shield tail, and in that the quiver-shaped hollow spaces remaining between the ribs and corresponding to the cutter-tail tongues or shield-tail tongues are filled after the advance of the cutters or the shield casing.

2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the ribs are designed to be conical in cross-section, the wider cross-section of the ribs bearing against the excavated wall.

3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that concrete is used to fill the spaces between the ribs.

4. Driving shield, which is formed from a cutter shield or a closed shield casing and in which the cutter tails or the shield tail serve as outer formwork for the cast-in-situ concrete lining, for carrying out the method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the cutter tails (24) are formed by in each case at least one tongue (40, 42) or the shield tail of a plurality of shield-tail tongues, in which arrangement, in order to form load-bearing ribs (68 to 74) of cast-in-situ concrete between the tongues (40, 42), which ribs (68 to 74) are in direct contact with the ground or the excavated wall, the width of the at least one tongue (40, 42) is dimensioned to be smaller than the cutter head and the cutter body or the individual shield-tail tongues are at a distance from one another.

5. Driving shield according to Claim 4, characterised in that the tongues (50 to 58; 100, 102) are of conical design in cross-section, the narrower cross-section of the tongues (48 to 50; 100, 102) bearing against the excavated surface.

6. Driving shield according to Claim 4, characterised in that the tongues (110, 112) are formed in cross-section from a rectangular section (114) having a conical section (116) on top.

7. Driving shield according to one of Claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the ends of the tongues (40, 42), as viewed in the longitudinal direction of the tongues (40, 42), are designed so as to taper towards the free end.

8. Driving shield according to one of Claims 4 to 7, characterised in that closing profiles (106) are arranged between the tongues (100, 102), and in that the closing profiles (106) are arranged in such a way that they can be pulled out parallel to the tongues (100, 102) during the concreting.

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