DE2605740C2 - Method for driving tunnels and the like by means of a shoring sign and jacking knife for use in a shoring sign - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore is the invention is directed to a propulsion knife, which is particularly advantageous in the implementation of the Method can use certain shoring shield.

Shoring shields are used to advance tunnels. Tunnels or other cavities used in the ground. It is known to provide the jacking knives of the shoring shields with rear extensions, so-called trailing knives, which secure the area between the rear end of the shoring shield and the already completed expansion. When the advance knives are pre-pressed, the trailing knives are taken along. As soon as all of the trailing knives have been brought forward from the stroke of the hydraulic cylinders assigned to the forward drive sluices, the area of the outbreak area exposed by the trailing knives is passed through

ίο Installation of an extension secured.

When driving through loose soils, it is also known to remove the excavated wall before placing it of the final extension to be sealed with shotcrete. It has also already been suggested that the Trailing knives formed space to introduce expansion elements, such as expansion arches, which the trailing knives and when the advance knives are pre-pressed, the area exposed by their trailing knives secure the excavation cross-section.

It is also known to provide propellant shields with a rear shield tail hood in the expansion be introduced, which when pre-pressing the shield the previously of the Schildschwanzhaubc See the covered area of the excavated wall. The final expansion is here in general An Ortbctonausbau is provided, which is installed behind the shield using reversible formwork will.

From DE-OS 24 31 652 a method of the gat-

M) known species according to the invention, in the case of eggs a build-up Is used, mil whose support frame a Niichlaufring is connected on the back, on which the Voriricbsmesser are support with their nuchkuifmcsscrn. on the one exposed when the follower ring was tightened

h-, excavated wall, shotcrete is injected / l. around create a preliminary or final tunnel lining. The follower ring can also use a push piston gear with the support frame of the shoring shield

coupled and in the circumferential direction in several segments be divided. In difficult conditions, the lower part of the follower ring can be used in this way first to be made up to build the shotcrete shell from the bottom before the upper part is tightened to secure the roof.

The invention is based on the object of a method indicate the genus registration, which is not very expensive and a quick backup of the The excavation cross-section and a secure connection of the belon expansion sections to one another are guaranteed. In particular, suitable jacking knives should be specified for the method.

The stated object according to the invention with the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1 solved.

According to the method according to the invention, before the layer-by-step introduction of the shotcrete cladding in the areas formed by the trailing knives .Shield area ring-shaped or arched removal elements together with reinforcement elements, preferably Reinforcement mats, introduced. The extensions support those contaminated by the surrounding soil Trailing knife off. At the same time, they form part of the final concrete lining in which they remain. After the extension elements have been introduced into the tailgate area formed by the trailing knives Then when the trailing knives are pulled forward one after the other, the one they covered before The area of the excavated wall was immediately secured by applying shotcrete. Here In this way, the feed speed of the trailing knife and the injection process can be coordinated with one another that the breakout wall is never exposed unsecured over a large area. Especially The process is expediently carried out in such a way that the trailing knives move from the bottom to the bottom above, individually or in groups, one after the other and the breakout wall accordingly is secured in sections from bottom to top by applying the shotcrete. The concrete lining is accordingly built up in sections from the bottom to the roof. It is possible without the Use of special formwork to bring in the final concrete construction immediately in the final thickness.

In the method according to the invention, the concrete lining is produced in individual concreting sections, the length of which, viewed in the direction of advance, is approximately equal to the stroke of the one that the trailing knives bring forward Hydraulic cylinder is. Each concreting section is in turn made up of individual ones in the aforementioned manner successive circumferential sections produced. About a stable and tight concrete construction to achieve, the injection-molded concrete lining is placed in such a way that that seen in the direction of advance there is a toothing of the successive concreting sections results. This can be done in different ways by appropriate profiling of the ends of the trailing cutters and / or by staggered arrangement of the trailing knife ends.

In order to be able to carry out the concreting work as independently as possible from the presentation work, it is recommended to use a Verbuuschild in the method according to the invention, in which the trailing knife can be preferred regardless of the jacking knives assigned to them. Dicf enables the Spritzbelonausklcidunu directly behind the shoring sign,

d. H. in the area of its trailing knives, already to one Bringing in time at which the jacking knife is not yet using their press cylinder to the next Hub are pre-pressed.

A shoring sign is expediently used to carry out the method according to the invention, which, as is known, has propulsion knives provided with trailing knives, which are attached to a common support frame slidably supported and pre-pressable by means of hydraulic press cylinders supported on the support frame are. In order to achieve the aforementioned axial interlocking and interlocking of the concreting sections, According to the invention, the trailing knives have axial protrusions on their end face facing away from the face and indentations. If in the shield space formed by the Nachiaufmesser the ring or Arched expansion frames are introduced, which remain in the final concrete expansion, so will with this configuration of the ends of the trailing knife at the same time achieved that when introducing in sections of the shotcrete lining of the Sii.itraum on the outer perimeter the support frame is filled with shotcrete, so that a permanent connection is advantageous the expansion frame can be made to the surrounding soil.

In order to achieve the mentioned end profile of the trailing knives, they can be designed in such a way that that they each have at their rear ends at least one axial tongue, the width of which is smaller than that Width of the trailing knife on its remaining length range. This is preferably done in such a way that the axial tongue, seen in plan view, lies in the central axis of the trailing knife and the latter next to the axial tongue each has a recess into which the concrete can get. Instead, you can but also make the arrangement so that the trailing knife. seen in plan view, at their rear ends have two axial tongues with an intermediate recess. The search knife can also at their rear ends, seen from above, there are bevels or have an approximately trapezoidal or triangular design.

The mentioned tongues or the bevels at the ends of the trailing knives are expediently given - looking in the longitudinal direction of the trailing knife - one Length which is approximately equal to the width of an annular or arcuate shape supporting the trailing knives at the ends Expansion frame is.

The aforementioned clawing of the axial concreting sections and the fixed connection of the support frame against the surrounding soil can also be achieved in that the trailing knives are different Have lengths such that in each case a longer trailing cutter between two adjacent shorter ones Trailing knives liepi. In this case, too, results in skh the toothed design of the end faces of the concreting sections.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the trailing knives are telescopic on; \ ren advancing knives

needs to be slidably guided. For inserting the trailing knife in their jacking knife we.'den use hydraulic cylinders expediently '., which between each trailing knife and its propulsion knife are arranged.

The invention is described below in connection with the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing explained in more detail. In the drawing shows

Fig. 1 in longitudinal section a shoring sign for the construction

driving a tunnel, adit or other route in the ground;

F i g. 2 shows a plan view of the ends of a plurality of trailing knives of the one in FIG. 1 arranged next to one another Shoring sign shown;

3 to 5 different end profiles in plan view the trailing knife;

6 shows a plan view of a plurality of trailing knives of a shoring shield, which are arranged next to one another and which are shown here are arranged with their ends staggered to one another.

The in F i g. I, the shoring shield shown consists, as is known, of individual jacking knives 10 Form a cylindrical shield jacket, which the tunnel cross-section in the propulsion area on the Face Il secures. The jacking knives 10, which are arranged parallel to one another, are based on a common one Support frame 12. the one out of two in front

lon 13 and 14 hestehl. which are connected to a rigid frame via longitudinal and diagonal struts 15 / u. Double-acting hydraulic press cylinders 16 are articulated between the individual jacking knives 10 and the rear frame part 14 of the support frame 12.

The shoring sign is known to this extent. By applying pressure to the press cylinder 16, the jacking knives 10 can be pre-pressed individually or in groups in the advancing direction V , the jacking cylinders being supported on the common support frame 12 and the latter by frictional engagement via the standing jacking knives against the surrounding soil. As soon as all the jacking knives 10 have been pre-pressed, the support frame 12 can be made up for in one step by applying pressure in the opposite direction to all the pressing cylinders 16. The press cylinders are supported by the pre-pressed jacking knives. which in turn are frictionally in contact with the surrounding soil

Securing the excavated wall 17 in the area behind the work area of the construction sign is made by means of trailing knives 18. the profiled or unprofiled steel planks exist, which in the illustrated embodiment compared to the jacking knives are telescopically displaceable in the direction of arrow V. The trailing knives 18 are related to this Purpose each coupled to the associated jacking knife 10 via a separate hydraulic cylinder 19. The cylinders 19 lie in pockets. Profile recesses or in the interior of the existing hollow profiles Vortriebsmess'ir 10. The piston rods 20 of the cylinder 19 engage at 21 on the front ends of the trailing knives 18. The coupling is expedient about joints.

The arrangement is made so that when the piston rods 20 of the cylinder 19 are pushed in, the trailing knives 18 are pulled forward in the advance direction V, the cylinders 19 on the advance knives 10 support, which in turn are frictionally in contact with the surrounding soil. As a result, it is possible advance the advance knives 10 and their trailing knives 18 in the direction of arrow V independently of one another or preferable.

This configuration of the construction sign allows it. adding the concrete lining to the shoring shield to be carried out largely independently of the actual Vorlricbsarbcit.

Like F i g. 1 can be seen, the extended trailing knives 18 are supported on annular extension frames 22, which are introduced into the cylindrical shield space formed by the sewing bezers. The distance between the adjacent expansion frame 22 is approximately equal to the stroke of the cylinder 19 of the follower knife. When the extension frames 22 are introduced into the shield space of the trailing knives 18, at the same time protective elements, preferably reinforcement maltings 23, are introduced which cover the entire circumference of the space between the adjacent extension frames. As soon as the reinforcement mats 23 and the extension frame 22 have been introduced into the shield space of the trailing knife 18, the concreting work can begin. For this purpose, the trailing knives are 18. starting at the bottom up to the roof. individually one after the other by means of their cylinder 19 in Pfcilrichiung V preferred. F i g. I shows a lower trailing knife 18 '. which is brought forward by the full cylinder stroke. While this spare knife is being used, the smile he has previously covered will;

jo rich the outbreak wall 17 by means of a fuel / ka none or the like covered with shotcrete. This ionizing section is designated by 24 in FIG. 1. After completion of the concreting section 24 is the trailing knife 18 ″ lying above it with the aid of its cylinder 19 preferred, at the same time that of this follow-up mestior previously covered area field 24 is concreted. In this way of working, the concrete lining at the same time as the individual trailing knives are pulled forward in successive sections 24 are produced, with the injection molding in sections from the sole »; built towards the roof will.

The fuel / .bcton lining introduced in this way can also form the final concrete lining of the tunnel or the like. She lets herself be in a slufc oiler also spray in several stages to the final strength of the finished concrete lining, which is shown in H g. 1 shown at 25 is. The reinforcement mats 23 and the support frames are located in the finished concrete structure 25

22. The strength of the concrete lining 25 is chosen so that the expansion frame 22 are completely in the concrete structure.

From Fig. It can be seen that the extended trailing knives 18 are supported with their ends on the respective rear extension frame 22. As soon as the trailing knives 18 are fully retracted into the jacking knives 10 by means of the cylinders 19, their ends are supported on the extension frame 22 in front of them. A concreting section is gradually by successively advancing the follower gaugers ^-> crgesteilt, whose axial length is equal to the stroke of the cylinder 19 or the distance of the adjacent extension frame 22nd After the jacking knives 10 have been pre-pressed by the stroke of their pressing cylinders 16 in the direction of the arrow V, with the trailing knives 18 extended, a concreting section can be made again in the manner described.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that the tracking mcsscr 18 are given away with end profiles. These exist

w) in the illustrated embodiment from tongues 26. Which, seen in plan view, the axial protrusions Forming trailing knives and in the Uingsniiltelachse of the trailing mcsscr so that two recesses 27 are present on both sides of the tongue 26

b5 are. The length of the tongues 26 is approximately equal to the width the extension frame 22. so that the trailing knives both in their extended position and in their Insertion position with the tongues 26 on the relevant

support the extension frame. If the shotcrete is unilt Moving the trailing knives into the strip-shaped Unfortunately, 24 introduced, it at the same time gets into the recesses 27 lying to the side of the tongues 26, see above that the face of the axial Bcionierabschni'ies facing the face II is approximately toothed crh'i.li. This ensures that the successive Claw the concreting sections against each other. whereby a dichlorous and stable concrete construction is achieved. Through the recesses 27 When the lielon arrives, the extension frames 22 are also stabilized in their I.agc.

The above-described procedure / in order to carry out a lieton expansion set / l does not necessarily apply viii from, (IaLt the legacies 18 towards their r. Viii inebsinesseni 10 in Voriricbsrichtung Vund in (ie-L'i-iinchmng are telescopic. The procedure IaUi can also be carried out if the trailing knives 18 with the advance knives tu firmly or are preferably connected in an articulated manner. In the latter case, the connection is expedient due to joints that have limited mobility in all directions allow.

In Fig. 2, the ends of a plurality of trailing knives 18 lying next to one another are shown in a plan view, one of these trailing knives 18 'being advanced by the stroke of its cylinder in the direction of arrow V. The flat field 24 previously covered by this is filled with fuel / concrete. The expansion frames 22 are indicated by dash-dotted lines. It can be seen that the recesses 27 lying between the recesses 26 are filled with fuel concrete, which results in the similar end face of the concrete lining.

This effect also applies to other final profiles Reach the trailing knife 18. F 1 g. 3 shows a plan view of a Nachiaufmesscr ίδ, whose lands >: u both ropes at 29 is beveled. so that, in plan view seen, results in an approximately trapezoidal end profile. In this case too, be between the neighboring Trailing knives spaces 27 formed into which the shotcrete can penetrate.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4 is the end 30 of the trailing knife 18, seen in plan view, for example formed triangular. Fig. 5 shows an embodiment in which the trailing knife! 8 its end has two tongues 26, between which a recess 27 is located. In all of these cases leaves the above-mentioned clawing of the axial concreting sections and the stabilization of the in the shield space of the Reach the extension frame standing upright.

! ■ 'i g. 6 shows an embodiment in which the trailing knives 18 have different lengths in alternating succession, such that a shorter trailing knife lies between two longer trailing knives. The difference in length between the shorter and longer trailing knives is approximately equal to the width of the extension frame 22. If all trailing knives 18 are fully extended, every second trailing knife overlaps the rear frame 22 over its full width, while the trailing knives between these trailing knives are shown in FIG. 6 indicated at 18a, with their ends in front of the difference in length in the direction of arrow V , but they are also supported on the rear frame 22. It can be seen that even with this staggered arrangement of the trailing knives, clawing of the concreting sections can be achieved.

It goes without saying that this clawing of the concreting sections can be achieved with different end profiles of the trailing knife. The examples 2 to 6 are therefore only to be regarded as preferred embodiments. It it is recommended to use the trailing knife.i a certain taper to give in such a way that they taper conically towards their ends. This means that the Relief knife relieved.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (11)

Patent claims: 1. Procedure for driving tunnels or other cavities by means of a shoring sign, its jacking knives provided with trailing knives individually or in groups in the driving direction are pre-pressed, with the excavation wall secured by a shotcrete lining, wherein in the course of the advance the excavation cross-section by means provided in the circumferential direction seen in sections, and immediately afterwards the exposed area with shotcrete is secured, characterized in that the Shotcrete lining in the shield area formed by the trailing knives (18) is ring-shaped or arched Expansion elements (22) along with reinforcement elements (23), such as reinforcement mats, introduced be, and that then the shotcrete on the successive advance of the Trailing knife (18) or the strip-shaped surface areas exposed by the trailing knife groups (24) of the breakout wall (17) following the one that has already been introduced at the end on the face of the building having axial projections and depressions (26,27) Shotcrete is applied before the next following trailing knife or the following Trailing knife group is brought forward, and that the successive shotcrete sections - seen in the propulsion direction - are interlocking with one another on the front sides. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the lag rness · (18) is independent be fetched by the jacking knives (10) assigned to them. 3. Voriricbsmcsser for a shoring sign, in particular for performing the method according to claim 1 or 2, which is displaceable on a support frame and can be pre-pressed by means of hydraulic press cylinders supported on the support frame, and Have trailing knives, characterized in that the trailing knives (18) have axial projections on their end face facing away from the face (11) and have depressions. 4. propulsion knife according to claim 3, characterized in that the trailing knife (18) at their End face each have at least one axial tongue (26), the width of which is smaller than the width of the Trailing knife on its remaining length range. 5. propulsion knife according to claim 4, characterized in that the axial tongue (26), in plan view seen, in the central axis of the trailing knife (18) and the latter next to the axial tongue each has a recess (27). 6. Vortriebsmesscr according to claim 4, characterized in that the trailing knife (18) in plan view seen, at their rear ends two axial tongues (26) with an intermediate recess (27) have. 7 Voriricbsmcsser according to one of claims 3 to b, characterized in that the trailing knife (18) on their posterior l-.iidon, seen in plan view, Cut-offs (29) or an approximately trapezoidal or triangular design. 8. propulsion knife according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the tongues (26) or the bevels (29) - in the longitudinal direction of the trailing knife - have a length approximately equal to the width of one of the trailing knives end support ring-shaped or arched extension frame (22) is 9. propulsion knife according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the trailing knife (18) have different lengths, so that each a longer trailing knife between two adjacent shorter trailing knives 10. propulsion knife according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the Nachiaufmcsser (18) are guided telescopically displaceable on their jacking knives (10). 11. propulsion knife according to claim 10, characterized characterized in that between each trailing knife (18) and its Voriricbsmesser (10) a hydraulic cylinder (19) is arranged.