DE2553248C3 - Knife shield and method for installing expansion elements in the knife tail area of the shield - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a knife shield, consisting of a plurality of distributed over its circumference, Jacking knives mounted and guided on one another and on a support frame, their knife tails at least in the first area of the shield protrude so far beyond the support frame that in their protection the Tunnel or route expansion can be introduced. The invention is also directed to a method for Introduction of a tunnel or route extension consisting of several segments within the knife-tail area a propulsion shield directed, in which using a knife shield the aforementioned type to secure the excavation cross-section in the area between the actual jacking knives and the final expansion of expansion elements within a track that can be tracked in the direction of advance Knife shield tail are introduced, whereupon the shield tail from the gap between the Ausbruchswandung and the expansion elements is pulled out.

For driving tunnels, tunnels or other routes in stable or loose soil, propulsion shields in the form of knife shields are used, the shield jacket of which is formed by a large number of jacking knives arranged next to one another, supported and guided on a common support frame, which are individually or by means of press cylinders supported on the support frame can be pre-pressed in groups in the advance direction.
From DE-OS 21 47 083 and in literature "Straße und Verkehr", 3/1970, pages 129 to 132, it is known to introduce so-called liner pieces, ie lightweight segments, into the tail of a knife shield, in order to prevent the flow into interference zones Flowing sand or loose soil in the

M to prevent tunnel cross-section. The shield tail is here from the rearward extended parts of the jacking knife, the so-called knife tails, formed, which are rigidly connected to the jacking knives.

With the not previously published older patent according to DE-PS 24 31652 a Messerschüd suggested that as a shield tail a separate one-piece rigid sheet metal hood is used on which the jacking knives with their Razor tails rest. Both with this knife damage and with the well-known knife shields which the shield tail is formed by the knife tails of the jacking knife opens at the Pre-pressing the jacking knife on the excavated wall a gap about the thickness of the knife tail, even if shotcrete is then pressed behind the lining, Causes earth settlements, which are particularly unacceptable when driving under hewn areas can be.

By DE-AS 15 83 796 and DE-GM 18 87 346 it is finally also known behind in shield sales dragging a support ring after the propulsion shield, which is the abutment for those pushing the shield Forms jacking presses and which consists of several ring segments, which by means of spreading devices are spreadable against the breakout wall. The expandable support ring does not form any installation space for an expansion.

The object of the invention is to provide a knife shock of the type mentioned at the beginning and a method for Introduction of an extension within the knife tail area of such a knife shield create, with which the critical area between

h ^r i Messerschüd and final dismantling with extensive avoidance of harmful soil settlements effectively.

This object is achieved in the case of the invention

Knife shield solved by the fact that the knife tails run across transversely to the direction of advance Swivel axes with the propulsion knives are connected to the follower knives, which have spreading devices are pivotable against the breakout wall.

In this embodiment of the blade, the trailing blades articulated to the jacking blades form an expandable blade tail, which can be spread against the excavated wall with the help of the spreading devices, whereby a compression of the surrounding soil is achieved at least in the ridge area and at the same time the risk of subsidence is considerably reduced. This also makes it possible to secure the critical area between the rear end of the knife shield and the already completed expansion more effectively than before. Spreading devices of different types can be used for spreading and pressing the trailing knives forming the shield tail against the breakout wall. For this purpose, a spreading device carried along by the propulsion shield or displaced on it is preferably provided. Instead, spreading devices which can be introduced into the shield tail area can also serve to pivot the trailing knives. In a preferred embodiment, the spreading device consists of expandable expansion elements which can be introduced into the shield tail and which can form a preliminary expansion or can also be part of the final tunnel expansion. For the expandable expansion elements, expansion arches, expansion rings or the like are expediently used, which can be spread out against the shield tail by means of spreading devices. Instead of expansion arches, so-called liner plates, ie lightweight segments, can also be used, the segment segments of which in this case can be radially expanded in order to press the trailing knives against the excavated wall. The spreading devices for spreading the expansion arches or lightweight segments can, for. B. consist of hydraulic presses, spindles, wedges or other expansion elements. The arrangement is preferably made such that the expansion devices can be removed from the expansion elements, which can be mechanically locked in the expanded state, and can be reattached to another expansion element introduced into the shield tail.

But there is also the option of splaying the tails against pressure to use spreading devices against the excavation wall, which are attached to the blade, its propulsion knives or its support frame are arranged.

The method for introducing can be carried out using a knife shield according to the invention a tunnel or a tunnel consisting of several segments Extension of the route within the knife tail area Carry out in such a way that to secure the breakout cross-section in the area between the actual jacking knives and the final expansion of expansion elements within one in the direction of jacking traceable measuring> vhildschwanzes t> o be brought, whereupon the shield tail from the gap between the Ausrucnswandung and the expansion elements is pulled out. According to the invention the method is carried out so that the against the Excavated wall expandable expansion segments of the b5 tunnel or route expansion to be introduced the spreading devices acting in the tailgate area against the trailing knives and with the latter be expanded together in the direction of the outbreak wall. As a tunnel or route extension Here, as mentioned, a known construction from lightweight segments can be used, the segment of which are radially expandable. Instead, it can also be used as a tunnel or route extension per se known expansion frames which can be prestressed against the breakout wall are used.

The invention is described below in connection with the exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing explained in more detail. In the drawing shows

F i g. 1 od a knife blade according to the invention in longitudinal section through a tunnel route. The like;

F i g. 2 the arrangement according to FIG. 1 after pushing the jacking knives and catching up the support frame of the knife blade;

F i g. 3 shows a knife shield in the area of its rear shield tail in section when using in the Shield tail introduced lightweight segments;

Fi g. 4 and 5 show a section along line IV-IV and VV of FIG. 3;

F i g. 6 in longitudinal section a knife shield with a spreader attached to the shield for the Shield tail is provided.

In the case of the FIG. The embodiment shown in 1 and 2 is a knife shield as a propulsion shield used, whose cylindrical shield jacket is formed by jacking knives 10, which are individually or can be pre-pressed in groups by means of hydraulic press cylinders 11 in the advance direction V. Every jacking knife 10 is assigned its own press cylinder 11. The press cylinder 11 are between the individual Jacking knives and a common support frame 12 switched on in an articulated manner. The support frame 12 consists of two approximately parallel frame parts 13 and 14, which have longitudinal and diagonal struts 15 to are connected to a rigid frame. By applying pressure to the press cylinder 11 in the direction of extension the jacking knives 10 can be pre-pressed individually, with the press cylinders being attached to the rear support the support frame 12. The support frame finds its abutment by frictional engagement with the others Propulsion knives, which in turn are frictionally in contact with the surrounding soil 16. As soon as all Propulsion meanders 10 are pre-pressed by about the stroke of the press cylinder U, the support frame 12 is through opposite pressurization of the press cylinder made up in one step by the cylinder stroke.

In the illustrated embodiment, the in the ridge area and in the area of the upper side joints of the circular tunnel cross-section lying jacking knife 10 with knife tails, so-called trailing knives 17 provided, which via joints 18 with joint axes extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the knife the respective jacking knives are pivotally connected. The trailing knives 17 therefore form behind the actual knife shield a shield tail that underpins the breakout wall, which is a Prevents the soil from collapsing or flowing into the excavated cross-section.

The trailing knife 17 are expediently made of relatively thin, but in terms of their Supporting effect of sufficiently strong profiled or unprofiled sheet metal, while the actual Jacking knives 10 are generally provided with profiles, such as longitudinal beads and the like.

The multi-part shield tail consisting of the trailing knives 17 is

gene 21 against the outbreak wall 19 can be expanded and pressed. These spreaders are at the illustrated embodiment of multi-part expansion arches 20, which, as is known, of Arch segments are formed, which via bolts, Lugs or other connecting organs connected to form a rigid or flexible extension arch can be. The segments are mutually displaceable in a known manner, so that the expansion arches Lift 20 against the trailing knife 17 and let it press down. This is done with the help of the spreading devices 21, which are formed here by hydraulic expanding cylinders, soft between the against each other Slidable segments of the expansion arches are switched on so that when the expansion cylinder is pushed out, the Ridge segments of the extension arches are raised against the knife tails 17. Here are the Knife tails pivoted around their joints 18 against the breakout wall 19 and pressed.

From the F i g. 1 and 2 it can be seen that part of the expansion arches 20 behind the shield tail in the Line stands. Between the expansion arches and the breakout wall 19 are mats, for. B. Welded wire mesh 22, provided, which are partially extended to the front to below the tail. In Sagittarius of the pivotable trailing knife 17, the expandable expansion arches 20 are provided in the Set construction distance and pressed by means of the spreader cylinder 21 against the trailing knife 17, whereby this be spread against the breakout wall 19. This results in soil settlements behind the knife shield prevented. When the advance knives 10 are pre-pressed, the trailing knives 17 are pulled forward, like this F i g. 2 reveals. At the same time that expansion arch 20, which is at the rear from the area of the Trail knife 17 emerges, spread by means of the spreader cylinder 21 against the ground or mountains and clamped Immediately behind the trailing knives, shotcrete can then be poured in the known manner which causes a sealing of the excavated wall. Those standing behind the tail of the tail Extension arches 20, which are subsequently tensioned by means of the spreader cylinder 21, are mechanically applied to their segments locked what z. B. by means of bolts, tabs 23 od. Like. Takes place. You can then use these expansion arches arranged spreader cylinder are removed in order for the under the shield tail to be set again To find expansion arch use.

In the embodiment shown, the spacing of the expansion arches 20 corresponds to about twice the stroke of the press cylinder 11. If the jacking knives 10 are pre-pressed by the full stroke of the press cylinder 11 in the direction of arrow V , the rear end 17 'of the trailing knives 17 is approximately in the middle between the two front extension arches 20. To prevent the trailing knives 17 from bending under the load of the earth or rock, a convertible auxiliary support 24 can be set which supports the ends 17 'of the trailing knives in this position Follow-up knife on the next extension curve 20 in the direction of advance. The auxiliary support 24 is stolen and reinstalled at a distance of one Vorpreßhubes before the last-mentioned expansion arch. This work cycle is repeated in time with the advance of the tunnel.

It goes without saying that the use of the convertible auxiliary support 24 can be dispensed with.

when the stroke of the press cylinder 11 is approximately the same as the spacing between the sheets 20.

In the case of the FIG. 1 and 2 illustrated embodiments only have those in the ridge area and an articulated trailing knife 17 located in the upper area of the side joints on. In this case, the trailing knives thus form a shield-tailed hood that underpins the ridge. However, it is also possible to use all of the advance knives 10

ίο to be provided with a hinged follow-up knife 17, so that a cylindrical shield tail is formed in which the expansion arches 20 are introduced so that the follow-up knives when pre-pressing the advance knives compared to those that remain set Let extension sheets move forward.

The expansion arches 20 form the final expansion or are part of it. Generally a In-situ concrete expansion provided, which is concreted in sections and in which the expansion arches 20 are then.

The arrangement described enables the excavation work and the expansion work to a large extent to be carried out independently, with the critical area between the completed expansion and the rear end of the blade is effectively intercepted.

The embodiment of Figure 3 differs differ from the one according to FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially only in that instead of the expansion arches 20 so-called liner plates, i.e. H. Lightweight segments used as lining and spreading devices will. The individual tubbing segments 30 are assembled into tubbing rings in the shield tail the trailing knife 17 introduced. The arrangement can be made so that the tubbing segments one Tubbing ring can be spread by means of hydraulic expanding cylinder 21 in the radial direction, whereby the trailing knives 17 are pressed against the surrounding soil. Between the splayed segment segments Lock or wedge pieces 31 can be used, which the segment ring in the expanded state lock. The spreader cylinder 21 can then be removed from the segment rings in question and used for Spreading of a segment ring installed further to the front can be used.

■ i5 In the embodiment according to FIGS all propulsion knives 10 of the knife shield have a pivotable trailing knife 17. Of the The shield tail consists of a cylindrical part in which the segment rings are inserted

be like that. But it would also be possible to use the trailing knife

to leave out. In this case, the segment rings in the base area are supported directly on the base. As 3 shows, the Tübbringringe can directly be spread or re-pressed behind the tail in the radial direction, around which when pulling forward to close the trailing knife 17 forming radial gap. This retensioning can also be done with Carry out the help of the convertible spreader cylinder 21.

In Fig.6 a knife shield is shown, which in essential to the knife shield according to the F i g. 1 and 2 are the same. The only difference is that as a spreading device for spreading the pivotable Trailing knife 17 hydraulic spreader cylinders 40 are provided, which via lever members 41 the Spread the trailing knife against the breakout wall 19. The spreader cylinders 40 are either on the Support frame 12 or on the jacking knives 10

stored. Here, too, the rest of the expansion elements of a provisional or final tunnel expansion, z. B. Lightweight segments, arches and the like, under the shield tail formed by the articulated knife tails be set.

For this purpose 3 sheets of drawings

Claims (7)

Patent claims: 1. Knife shield, consisting of a multitude of jacking knives distributed over its circumference, mounted on one another and on a support frame, the knife tails of which protrude at least in the ridge area of the shield so far beyond the support frame that the tunnel or route extension can be introduced in their protection , characterized in that the knife tails consist of follower knives (17) which are connected to the jacking knives (10) via swivel axes extending transversely to the advancing direction (V) and which can be swiveled against the outbreak wall (19) by means of spreading devices. 2. Device according to claims !. 1, characterized in that the device for expanding the Trailing knife (17) carried by the propulsion shield or relocated to it spreading device (40, 41) is 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that spreading devices ( 21,31) which can be introduced into the shield tail area are used for pivoting the trailing knives (17). 4. Apparatus according to claim 1 or one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that the spreading devices od by hydraulic presses, spindles, wedges. The like. Are formed. 5. A method for introducing a tunnel or route extension consisting of several segments within the knife tail area of a jacking shield, using the knife shield according to / \ nspruch 1 or one of the preceding claims, whereby to secure the excavated cross section in the area between the actual jacking knives and the final one Expansion expansion elements are introduced within a blade tail that can be tracked in the advance direction, whereupon the Sthildtail is pulled out of the gap between the excavation wall and the expansion elements, characterized in that the expansion segments (20, 30) of the tunnel or route expansion to be introduced via the in Spreading devices (21, 31, 40, 41) acting in the knife tail area against the trailing knife (17) and with the latter together in the direction of the breakout wall (19). 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the tunnel or route expansion (20) Lightweight segments (30) known per se are used, the segments of which can be radially expanded. 7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that as a tunnel or route extension per se known expansion frames (20) which can be prestressed against the breakout wall are used.