DE7537751U - DRIVING SHIELD, ESPECIALLY KNIFE SHIELD - Google Patents

Description

ftltel: propulsion shield, especially knife shield

The invention relates to a propulsion shield, in particular a knife shield with pre-compressible propulsion knives supported against a support frame, with the rear
Shield end a securing the excavated area at least in the ridge area, in the direction of the advance.
»Tail is arranged to accommodate an extension to be introduced.

Purely driving tunnels, tunnels or other cavities in stable or loose soil and mountains
jacking shields are used, which secure the excavation cross-section in the area of the face and the machine equipment arranged here Arranged side by side

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neter, supported on a common support frame and guided jacking knife is formed, which by means of am Support frame supported press cylinders can be pre-pressed individually or in groups in the advance direction.

In these shield constructions it is known to provide a so-called shield tail at the end of the shield, which secures the excavation cross-section in the area between the end of the shield and the final extension, for example a concrete extension. Be \ J into the shield tail can in the course of excavation work of expansion, for example in the form of _a support arches or other expansion elements, is introduced, then after the advancing of the shield tail before the backs of this under Ausbruchswandung thereof.

From DE-OS 21 47 083 and in literature "Street and Verkehr ", 3/1970, pages 129 to 132, it is known, in the Schildsehvranz of a knife shield, so-called liner plates, i.e. to introduce lightweight segments in order to prevent flowing sand or loose sand from flowing in, especially in fault zones Prevent soil in the tunnel cross-section. The shield-

λ tail becomes% IP from the rearwardly extended parts

"' the jacking knife, the so-called knife tails, are formed, which are rigidly connected to the jacking knives»

With the not previously published older patent according to DE-PS 24 31 652, a knife shield has also been proposed, in which a separate one-piece rigid sheet metal hood is used as a shield tail, on which the Propulsion eaters rest with their knife tails. As well as with this knife shield as well as with the known knife shields, "in which the shield tail is separated from the knife tails the jacking knife is formed, the jacking knife opens on the excavation wall when the jacking knife is pre-pressed a gap about the thickness of the knife tail, the

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even if the shotcrete is then placed behind the Expansion is pressed, causes earth settlements, especially when driving under built-up areas cannot be accepted.

By DE-AS 15 83 796 and DE-GM 18 87 346 it is at Shield tunneling is also known to drag a support ring behind the tunneling shield, which is the Forms an abutment for the jacking jacks that pre-press the shield and which consists of several ring segments that are spreadable against the breakout wall by means of spreading devices. The expandable support ring forms here but no installation space for expansion.

The object of the invention is to provide a propulsion shield, in particular a knife shield of the type mentioned at the beginning create, with which the critical area between the shield and the final expansion while largely avoiding can effectively secure harmful soil settlements.

This object is achieved in that the

^ The shield tail consists of several spreading segments which

~ Can be spread against the excavated wall by means of a spreading device. In a knife shield, the expansion segments consist of the trailing knives forming the knife tails, which in this case are connected to the jacking knives according to the invention via joints whose joint axes run transversely to the direction of advance and in the direction of their knife width dimension.

In the case of the propulsion shield according to the invention, the use of a rigid shield tail is accordingly the one that has hitherto been used Kind of apart. Instead, a multi-part, spreadable shilah tail is used, which extends with With the help of a spreader behind the actual shield

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can spread against the breakout wall. With the preferred Execution of the propulsion shield as a knife shield, the above-mentioned trailing knives are articulated in this way their jacking knives connected so that they are pivoted against the excavation wall during the spreading process. the Joint axes of the trailing knives with the jacking knives connecting joints accordingly run transversely to the propulsion direction and approximately in the direction of the knife width or roughly in the circumferential direction of the shield. Because the

^ Shield-tail-forming spreading fragments or the trailing ears are spreadable against the outbreak wall, a compaction of the surrounding soil can be at least in Reach the ridge area and at the same time significantly reduce the risk of subsidence. This also makes it possible the critical area between the rear end of the shield and the already completed extension more effectively secure than before. For the spreading and pressing of the spreading segments or trailing knives that form the shield tail Spreading devices of various types can be used against the excavated wall. Preferably a

f- him displaced spreading device provided. Instead of this, for pivoting the spreading segments or «, the trailing knife but also spreading devices which can be introduced into the shield tail area can use these. In a preferred embodiment, the spreading device consists of expandable expansion elements which can be introduced into the shield tail and which can form a preliminary expansion or also form part of the final tunnel expansion or the like. could be. For the expandable expansion elements expansion arches, expansion rings or the like are expedient. used, which can be spread against the multi-part shield tail by means of spreading devices. Instead of expansion arches, so-called liner plates, i.e. lightweight segments, can be used, the segment segments of which can be radially expanded in this case in order to

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compression of the expansion segments or the trailing knife against to reach the excavated wall. The spreading devices for spreading the support arches or lightweight segments and the like can consist, for example, of hydraulic presses, spindles, wedges or other expanding devices. Preferably the arrangement is made so that the spreading devices can be locked mechanically in the spreading state Removal elements and on another, in the

^ The extension element inserted in the shield tail is attached again

ν. can be.

But there is also the possibility of splaying and pressing the shield tail against the breakout wall To use spreading devices that on the Vortriebsbzw «, knife shield, his propulsion knives or his Support frames are arranged.

The invention also relates to the design of a propulsion knife directed, for which independent protection is claimed within the framework of the present application. According to the invention is the entire knife tail over a joint, whose joint axis is transverse to the knife axis in the direction of the knife width axis runs, connected to the jacking knife. With such an articulated connection the trailing knife on their jacking knives is not only a splaying and pressing of the trailing knives against the excavated wall possible; Rather, the trailing knife can also adjust tessar to the breakout wall, so that the Large-area contact of the trailing knife on the excavated wall is guaranteed.

The invention is described below in connection with the in The drawing illustrated Ausführungsbeispieien explained in more detail. In the drawing shows

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1 shows a knife shield according to the invention in a longitudinal section through a tunnel or the like;

FIG. 2 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 1 after the pre-pressing of the jacking knife and the catching up of the support frame or knife shield.es;

3 shows a knife shield in the area of its rear shield tail in section when using in

ν) the shield tail introduced lightweight segments;

FIGS. 4 and 5 show a section along line IV-IV and V-V of FIG. 3;

Fig. 6 in longitudinal section a knife shield, which is attached to the Schiltd with a spreading device for Shield tail is provided;

7 shows, in longitudinal section, a cylindrical propulsion shield with a rearwardly arranged shield tail;

FIG. 8 shows a cross section along line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a knife shield is used as the propulsion shield, whose cylindrical shield shell is formed by jacking knives 10, which are individually or in groups by means of hydraulic Press cylinder 11 can be pre-pressed in the advance direction V. Each jacking knife 10 has its own press cylinder

11 assigned. The press cylinders 11 are between the individual advance knives and a common support frame

12 articulated switched on. The support frame 12 consists of two approximately parallel Rälüeüteile 13 and 14, the long and diagonal struts 15 are connected to form a rigid frame. By applying pressure to the press cylinder

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11 in the direction of extension, the jacking knives 10 pre-press individually, the press cylinders being supported on the back of the support frame 12. The support frame takes place its abutment by frictional contact with the other propulsion knives, which in turn rest against the surrounding soil 16 with a friction fit. As soon as all jacking knives 10 are pre-pressed by about the stroke of the press cylinder 11, the support frame 12 is pressurized in the opposite direction the press cylinder made up for the cylinder stroke in one step.

In the illustrated embodiment, they are in the ridge area and jacking knife 10 located in the area of the upper side joints of the circular tunnel cross-section Knife tails, so-called trailing knives 17 are provided which, via joints 18, extend transversely to the longitudinal axis of the knife Articulated axes are pivotally connected to the respective jacking knives. The trailing knife 17 form therefore behind the actual knife shield there is a shield tail that underpins the breakout wall, causing a break in or the soil is prevented from flowing into the excavated cross-section.

The trailing knives 17 are expediently made of relatively thin ones, but sufficient in terms of their supporting effect heavily dimensioned profiled or unprofiled sheets, while the actual propulsion knife 10 in the generally with profiles, such as longitudinal beads and the like, provided, are.

The multi-part shield tail consisting of the trailing knives 17 is by means of spreading devices 21 against the A-usbrüchswandüäg 13 expandable and compressible »Bisse Spreisvorrichtungen are arranged in the illustrated embodiment on multi-part expansion arches 20, which, like

t I>

G 75 57 751.4

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known, are formed by arc segments, which are via bolts,

Straps or other connecting organs to form a rigid;.

or flexible extension arches can be connected. The £

Segments are shifted against each other in a known manner · = |

fear j se that the expansion arches 20 against the Naohläufiaes- i

Raise the ser 17 and let it press down. This is done with HiI- [■

fe of the spreading devices 21, which are here by hydraulic |

Spreader cylinders are formed, which between the opposite j

on the movable segments of the extension arch as follows

are switched that when ejecting the spreader cylinder the j

Ridge segments of the extension arches against the knife tails 17 I

be booted up. Here are the knife tails around]

their joints 18 pivoted against the breakout wall 19 j

and pressed. f

From Figs. 1 and 2 it can be seen that some of the

building arches 20 is behind the shield tail in the route. G

Between the support arches and the excavated wall 19 are |

Mats, e.g. welded wire mesh 22, are provided, the section |

wisely extended forward to under the tail of the tail 1.

will. In the contactor of the swiveling trailing knife 17 are I

which the expandable expansion arches 20 in the intended construction \

distance set and by means of Spjceizzylinder 21 against the i

Trailing knife 17 pressed, whereby this against the Aus; fracture wall 19 are spread. This prevents soil settling behind the knife blade. When pre-pressing
the advance knives 10 are preferred to the trailing knives 17, as can be seen in FIG. At the same time will
that extension sheet 20, the rear from the area

the trailing knife 17 emerges, using the spreader cylinder- ~,

the 21 straddled against the earth or mountains "and ver j * f

tense. Immediately behind the trailing knives, in 4

In a known manner, shotcrete can be introduced, which ei- g

ne sealing of the excavated wall results in «The one behind |

the shield tail standing, by means of the spreader cylinder 21 ^

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post-tensioned expansion arches 20 are mechanical at their segments locked, which is done e.g. by means of bolts, tabs 23 or the like. You can then use these expansion arches arranged spreader cylinder can be removed in order to use for the extension arch to be newly placed under the shield tail to find.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the corresponds to Construction spacing of the expansion arches 20 is approximately twice the stroke of the press cylinder 11 Stroke of the press cylinder 11 is pre-pressed in the direction of arrow V, the rear end 17 'of the trailing knife 17 is located approximately in the middle between the two front expansion arches 20. To prevent the trailing knife 17 from being under the load of the earth or mountain bend, a convertible Kilfsstütze 24 can be set, which the ends 17 'of the Trailing knife is supported in this position. During the next Vorpreßhub the ends 17 'of the trailing knife are on the in the direction of advance the next expansion arch 20. The auxiliary support 24 is stolen and at the interval of a Vorpreßhubes installed again in front of the last-mentioned expansion arch. This work cycle is repeated in time with the advance of the tunnel.

It goes without saying that the use of the convertible auxiliary support 24 can be dispensed with when the stroke of the The press cylinder 11 is approximately equal to the construction spacing of the arches 24.

In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 only those in the ridge area and in the upper area of the side joints have an articulated trisb knife 10 Trail knife 17 on. In this case, the trailing knives thus form a shield-tailed hood that underpins the ridge. But it is also possible to combine all propulsion knives 10 with an articulated trailing knife 17

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see so that a cylindrical shield tail is formed, in which the expansion arches 20 are introduced so that the trailing knife when pre-pressing the advance knife can be preferred to the extension arches that remain set.

The expansion arches 20 form the final expansion or are part of it. In general, an in-situ concrete lining is used provided, which is concreted in sections and in which the expansion arches 20 are then. The arrangement described makes it possible to carry out the tunneling work and the expansion work largely independently of one another, with the effectively intercepted the critical area between the completed expansion and the rear end of the blade will.

The embodiment according to FIG. 3 differs from that according to FIGS. 1 and 2 essentially only in that that instead of the expansion arches 20 so-called liner plates, i.e. lightweight segments as lining and spreading devices be used. The individual tubbing segments 30 are assembled into tubbing rings in the shield tail of the trailing knife 17 introduced. The arrangement can be made so that the tubbing segments of a tubbing ring by means of hydraulic spreader cylinder 21 can be spread in the radial direction, whereby the trailing knife 17 against the surrounding Soil are pressed. Locking pieces or wedge pieces 31 can be inserted between the splayed tubbing segments which lock the segment ring in the expanded state. The spreader cylinder 21 can then be removed from the segment rings in question removed and used to expand a segment ring installed further forward.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 3 to 5 show all jacking knives 10 of the knife blade a swivel

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bares trailing knife 17 on. The shield tail consists here of a cylindrical part in which the segment rings be introduced. However, it would also be possible to place the trailing knives on the propulsion knives located in the bottom area to leave out. In this case, the tubbing rings in the sole area are supported directly on the sole. As Fig. 3 shows, the tubbing rings can be spread or nachgeg in the radial direction immediately behind the shield tail. be pressed in order to close the radial gap that is formed when the trailing knives 17 are pulled forward. This retensioning can also be carried out with the aid of the convertible spreader cylinder 21.

FIG. 6 shows a knife shield which essentially corresponds to the knife shield according to FIGS. 1 and 2. The only difference is that it is used as a spreading device for spreading the swiveling trailing knives 17 hydraulic spreader cylinders 40 are provided, which over Lever members 41 spread the trailing knives against the breakout wall 19. The spreader cylinders 40 are either on mounted on the support frame 12 or on the jacking knives 10. Here, too, the rest of the expansion elements of a provisional or final tunnel expansion, e.g. lightweight segments, Route bows and the like, are placed under the shield tail formed by the articulated knife tails.

7 and 8, a cylindrical propulsion shield 50 with cutting shoe 51 is shown, which is shown as a structural unit in Yorttriebsrichtung V is pre-pressed. A cylindrical shield tail 52 is arranged behind the propulsion shield 50, the one from meieren, here four that can be braced against each other There is cylinder segments 53, which overlap in the edge regions at 54 and thus essentially one form closed cylindrical jacket surface. Spreading cylinders 55 are sandwiched between the segments 53

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tet, with which the segments 53 radially against the outbreak wall 19 can be spread apart. In the splayable shield tail 52 formed in this way, expansion elements can also be used of a provisional or final tunnel extension, e.g. lightweight segments or arches. The shield tail 52 can be coupled to the actual propulsion shield 50 that it is pressed by it during pre-pressing is taken. Instead of this, the shield tail 52 can also use hydraulic press cylinders 56 the propulsion shield 50 are coupled. In this case, the propulsion shield 50 is first over the press cylinder 56 is pre-pressed in the advance direction V, whereupon the press cylinder 56 the shield tail 52 is retightened.

As spreading elements for spreading the shield tail, instead of spreading cylinders, other devices, e.g. wedges, spindles, etc., are provided "

Claims (8)

Protection claims Jacking shield, in particular knife shield with jacking knives that can be pressed against a support frame, at the rear end of the shield a securing the breakout space at least in the ridge area, in The direction of advance is arranged with a shield tail that can be carried along for the reception of a support to be brought in, characterized in that the shield tail (17, 52) consists of several spreading segments, which can be spread against the breakout wall (19) by means of a spreading device (20, 30, 41) « 2. propulsion shield according to claim 1, characterized ge indicates that with a knife shield the spreading segments consist of the trailing knives that form the knife tails and that are connected via joints (18), Sr .γ * f Union of Eisenhütte Westfalia
h GW 2747 - II - whose joint axes run transversely to the advance direction (V) and in the direction of the knife width dimension, with the jacking processors (10) are connected. 3. propulsion shield according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by one on the shield or on The support frame (12) of the knife shield is arranged and can be carried along by these in the advancing direction (40, 41), 4. propulsion shield according to one of claims 1 to 3 »characterized in that for Pivoting the expansion segments or the trailing knives (17) can be introduced into the tail area Spreading devices (21, 31) are provided. 5. propulsion shield according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the Spreading devices by hydraulic presses, spindles, wedges or the like. are formed. - * 6. propulsion shield according to one of claims 1 to 5 » characterized in that the spreading devices can be introduced into the shield tail expandable expansion elements (20, 30) exist. 7. propulsion shield according to claim 6, characterized in that the spreading devices can be removed from the expansion elements (20, 30) which can be mechanically locked in the expanded state. 8. Propulsion knife for a knife blade, which is provided with a rear knife tail, characterized in that the entire Knife tail (17) over a joint (18), the I * t fttf I Ii 4 * · · Cl I I I ■ t * I t II • ■ ■ ι ι ι ι ti · · Westfalia Ironworks Union Gw 2747 - Ill - Joint axis transverse to the knife axis in the direction of the knife broad axis runs, is connected to the propulsion knife (10). . 3Oi