EP0595971B1 - Tunnelling shield with individual cutters or an enclosing casing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a tunnelling shield with individual cutters or an enclosing casing, in which the rear ends (4) of the cutters or the tail of the casing act as the outer shell for installation of the concrete sections. The rear ends (4) of the cutters or the tail of the casing leave voids (30) which have to be filled to avoid subsidence. In order to fill these voids (30) immediately a concrete section is produced, the invention calls for the end section (6) of each cutter rear end (4) to be in the form of at least one tongue (8) or for the end section of the casing tail to be in the form of a multiplicity of tongues. Located on the upper sides of the tongues (8), i.e. the side facing the ground or mountain, is a cover plate (10) whose length extends over the free end of the tongues (8) and whose width extends over the lateral edges of the cutter rear end (4).

Description

The invention relates to a tunneling shield formed from a knife shield with individual knives or a closed shield casing as described in claim 1.

With tunneling shields designed in this way, the knife tails or the shield tail serve as external formwork for the in-situ concrete expansion and at the same time for supporting the ground. When advancing shields formed in this way, a hollow space is created over the entire outer circumference of the inserted concrete, which, when viewed in relation to the mountains or the ground, corresponds to the profile cross section of the knife tail or the shield tail. In order to avoid subsidence as a result of the cavity collapsing, the cavity created in this way must be filled in simultaneously with the advance of the knives or the shield casing. So far, the cavity has been blown with a granulate or pressed with a plastic filling material. For this purpose, pipes are led to the free ends of the knife tails or the shield tail, which introduce the granules or the plastic filling material into the cavity. Such a device or such a method is known from EP-A-0 339 333.

In this known method, it is disadvantageous that the introduction of the material pressing the cavity is very great is labor and time consuming. In addition, there is a risk that the pipes will become blocked and the tunneling will then take place without pressing the resulting cavity, or the tunneling will first have to be interrupted.

At large mountain pressures, the cross-sectional height of the knife tails or the tail of the shield, as seen in the direction of the ground or mountains, must be made correspondingly large in order to be able to reduce the mountain pressure. The removal takes place in the direction of advance along the long side of the knife tails or the shield tail. This enlarges the cavity to be filled even more.

It is an object of the present invention to propose a tunneling shield formed from a knife shield with individual knives or a closed shield casing, in which the cavities can be filled automatically during a concreting process and in which, despite high rock pressures, the cross-sectional height at the end of the knife tails or the Shield tail can be kept low.

The object is achieved in a tunneling shield formed from a knife shield with individual knives or a closed shield casing by the features specified in claim 1.

Due to the proposed special design of the knife tails or the shield tail, the cavity created by the knife tail can be automatically filled when concreting a concreting section, leaving only a very small cavity formed by the cover plates. However, this cavity is extremely small due to the low cross-sectional height of the cover plate or the thickness of the cover plate. Furthermore, it is possible with the proposed tunnel shield, the cross-sectional height at the end of the knife tails or To keep the tail of the shield, viewed in the direction of the ground or mountains, small even at high mountain pressures, since the lateral protrusion of the cover plates over the tongues or shield tail tongues results in a reversal of the carrying direction. The rock pressure in the end area of the knife tails or the shield tail is no longer removed in the direction of advance but transversely to it. In the case of a jacking plate formed from a knife plate with individual knives, the reversal of the carrying direction is achieved in that the lateral protrusions of the cover plate are supported during driving on the adjacent concreting sections of an overall concreting section. The removal of the rock pressure in the end region of the knife tails or the shield tail thus takes place over the short side of the cover plate, ie transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tongues of the knife tail or the shield tail tongues of the shield tail.

The cover plate preferably extends over the entire surface of the knife tail or the shield tail tongues facing the ground or mountains. A knife tail can thus be provided separately with a continuous cover plate.

On the other hand, it is also possible to arrange the cover plate over the entire surface of the knife or the shield casing facing the ground or mountains. In the case of a knife, this results in a cover which extends in the longitudinal direction of the knife over its entire length. In the case of a shield jacket, a cover plate designed in this way then presents itself practically as an outer cylinder tube of the shield jacket.

The cover plate advantageously extends beyond the lateral terminations, ie the cross-sectional width of the entire knife, and thus forms lateral projections of the cover plate that extend beyond the cross-sectional width of the knife are also cantilevered. The tightness of a jacking shield formed from a knife shield with individual knives can be achieved by the lateral protrusions of the cover plate without the knife bodies having to lie close to one another, which could impede or even make impossible to corner.

The dimensions of the lateral projections of the cover plate are expediently the same. As a result, the individual knives can be used at any point on the support frame or exchanged with one another.

The lateral areas or protrusions of the cover plates of knives arranged next to one another are preferably designed to overlap with one another in the area of the front knife part and in the area of the knife tail up to the area of the free ends of the tongues. The desired tightness of a tunneling shield consisting of a knife shield with individual knives is achieved by the overlap.

The lateral areas of the cover plates of juxtaposed knives are expediently designed to be spaced apart from one another in the area outside the free cover plate section adjoining the tongues. The overlapping of the lateral areas of the cover plates or the lateral protrusions can thus be dispensed with in the aforementioned area. When creating a concreting section, this free area is then concreted, whereby the concrete in this area is then directly connected to the mountains or soil.

The spacing of the cover plates in the aforementioned area is advantageously achieved by a step-like incision in the lateral areas of the cover plates or by a taper that runs counter to the direction of advance the cross-sectional width of the cover plates reached. A taper is advantageous because the propulsion of the knife is facilitated by such a configuration.

The lateral protrusions of the cover plate in the area of the knife tail are preferably arranged so as to be superimposed on the adjacent concreting sections of an overall concreting section when creating a concreting section. The carrying direction is thus reversed via the short side of the cover plate, which is why the tongues do not have to be guided to the end of the cover plate, but the free cover plate section can remove the rock pressure without support.

Expediently, viewed in the direction of advance, the length of the tongues or the shield tail tongues and the length of the cover plate section adjoining the free ends of the tongues or the shield tail tongues is greater than the length of a concreting section. The concreting section to be created can thus be spanned by part of the tongues and the cover plate section.

When creating a concreting section, part of the free cover plate section adjoining the tongues or the shield tail tongues advantageously lies in the area of the penultimate, already created concreting section, while on the other hand a part of the tongues or shield tail tongues rests on the last, already created concreting section rests and the remaining part of the tongues or the shield tail tongues protrudes into the concreting section to be created. On the one hand, this provides support for the trailing knife or the shield tail tongues in the direction of advance. On the other hand, the cavity which results after the knives or the shield casing have advanced can also be filled in when the concreting section is created. Securing the mountains or the ground in the area of the cavity is essentially taken from the cover plate section. On the previously created concreting section, rib-like cavities have been formed by the tongues or shield tail tongues, which are also filled in and thus result in a toothing of the concreting sections arranged one behind the other in the direction of advance.

Expediently, the knife tail or the shield tail, seen in the direction of advance, between its connection to a front knife part or the front shield casing and the end region which is formed by the tongues or shield tail tongues and the adjoining free cover plate section, consists of a continuous cross section Body that is located in the so-called initial area of the knife tail or the shield tail. The continuous body provided in the initial area provides the necessary section modulus of the knife tail or the shield tail in the direction of advance, since in this area the rock pressure is removed in the longitudinal direction of the knife tail or the shield tail and no longer, as in the end area, removal in the transverse direction of the tongues or Shield tail tongues.

The cross-sectional width of the knife tail in the connection area to the front knife part expediently corresponds to its cross-sectional width. This ensures a continuous transition between the front knife part and the knife tail.

The knife tail or the shield tail is preferably designed to taper in its cross-sectional width towards its free end, as seen against the direction of the breakout. This facilitates the advance of the knives or the shield tail.

The knife or the shield tail are expediently in the area of the shield tail tongues with respect to their respective Longitudinal axes, ie symmetrical in the direction of advance. Thus, the blades of a jacking blade consisting of a blade shield with individual blades can be arranged at any point on the support frame or exchanged with one another.

For static reasons, it is advantageous if the distance between the tongues or the shield tail tongues essentially corresponds to the cross-sectional width of the tongues or the shield tail tongues.

For easier advancement of the knives or the closed shield sheath, the cross section of the knife tail or the shield tail is preferably tapered in its initial region as well as in its region of the tongues or the shield tails, as seen from the mountains or the bottom to the center of the outbreak. When driving, a facilitated movement towards the mountains or the ground can result if necessary.

The proposed design makes it possible to make the cross-sectional height of the knife tail or the shield tail, as seen from the mountains or the bottom to the center of the outbreak, smaller than that of the front knife part or the front shield casing.

The cross-sectional height of the knife tail or the shield tail is expediently constant.

The starting area of the knife tail or shield tail advantageously consists of at least two spaced-apart box profiles which are connected to one another via upper and lower additional surfaces to form a larger, closed box profile forming the starting area of the knife tail or shield tail. Consequently, simply designed box profiles can be used be that can be connected to each other via the additional areas to a larger box profile.

The tongues or shield tail tongues then expediently consist of an extension of the spaced-apart box profiles of the starting area. As a result, the tongues or shield tail tongues do not have to be connected as separate profiles to the starting area of the knife tail or shield tail.

Fig. 1

einen Längsschnitt durch einen Messervortrieb gemäß dem Schnitt I-I in Fig. 3 in vorgeschobener Stellung vor dem Betonieren eines Betonierabschnitts,

Fig. 2

einen Längsschnitt gemäß Fig. 1 nach Erstellung des Betonierabschnitts,

Fig. 3

eine Unteransicht des Messers gemäß der Fig. 1 und 2,

Fig. 4

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie II-II in Fig. 2,

Fig. 5

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie III-III in Fig. 2 und

Fig. 6

einen Schnitt entlang der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 2.

A preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. Show it:

Fig. 1

3 shows a longitudinal section through a knife jacking according to section II in FIG. 3 in the advanced position before concreting a concreting section,

Fig. 2

2 after the concreting section has been created,

Fig. 3

2 shows a bottom view of the knife according to FIGS. 1 and 2,

Fig. 4

2 shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 2,

Fig. 5

a section along the line III-III in Fig. 2 and

Fig. 6

a section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 2nd

1 shows a longitudinal section through a knife 2 of a jacking plate formed from a knife shield from individual knives in the advanced position before the creation of a concreting section 12 shown in FIG. 2, which adjoins the concreting section 14 in front of it connects. The knife 2 consists of a front knife part 16 and a knife tail 4. The front knife part 16 is mounted on two support frames 24. The knife tail 4 is supported on the concreting section 14 and, with the end of the knife tail, still engages over the concreting section 26 lying in front of the concreting section 14.

From the bottom view of the knife 2 according to FIG. 3, its structure can be seen in a preferred embodiment. A cover plate 10 extends over the entire longitudinal direction of the knife 2. The knife tail has a body 18 forming a closed box below the cover plate 10, as seen at the center of the cut-out, and two tongues 8 adjoining the body 18. The area between the connection of the knife tail 4 to the front knife part 16 and the beginning of the tongues 8 is referred to as the initial region 20 of the knife tail 4. The area from the connection of the tongues 8 to the body 18 to the free end of the cover plate 10 is referred to as the end area 6 of the knife tail 4. The cover plate 10 projects beyond the lateral ends, ie the cross-sectional width of the front knife part 16 and the knife tail 4 on both sides. 4 to 6 that the side terminations of the cover plate 10 are designed to overlap in the initial region 20 and in the region of the tongues 8. Only in the area of the free cover plate section 28, which adjoins the free ends of the tongues 8, are the lateral areas of the cover plates 10 of knives arranged next to one another spaced apart from one another (FIG. 6). The spacing of the cover plates 10 can be achieved by step-like incisions in the lateral areas of the cover plates 10 or by a tapering of the cross-sectional width of the cover plates 10 that runs counter to the direction of advance, which is not shown in FIG. 3 for reasons of simplification.

1 shows how the knife tail 4 is supported on the concreting sections 14 and 26. The knife 2 is guided so far into its advanced position that a part of the tongues 8 protrudes over the last, already created concreting section 14 in the direction of advance. As a result, when the concreting section 12 is created, not only the concreting section 12 itself but also a cavity 30 formed above the last concreting section by the body 18 can be filled, since the concrete can penetrate into this cavity 30 between the tongues 8. The end of the cavity 30 opposite the free ends of the tongues 8 has rib-shaped recesses formed by the tongues 8, as a result of which the individual concreting sections can be interlocked. As the ultimately remaining cavity that cannot be filled with concrete, only the cavity formed by the cover plate 10 remains.

While in the initial area of the knife tail 4 the rock pressure is removed in the longitudinal direction of the knife tail, in the end area 6 and part of the free ends of the tongues 8 there is a reversal of the bearing direction, so that the rock pressure is removed via the short transverse side of the cover plate 10. This is made possible because, as shown in FIG. 6, the lateral ends of the cover plate 10 come to rest on the adjacent concreting sections. This reversal of the carrying direction makes it possible to make the cover plate 10 very thin and, above all, to let the tongues 8 end before the end of the cover plate section 28, which is why the cavity 30 formed by the body 18 can ultimately be filled. As can further be seen from FIG. 6, the spacing of the lateral ends of the cover plate 10 also fills the space between the lateral ends of adjacent cover plates 10 with concrete, which in this area extends to the mountains or the ground.

The body 18 is formed from two spaced-apart box profiles 22 (FIG. 4) which are connected to one another via additional plates, not shown, to form a closed box forming the body 18. 4 and 5 it can also be seen that the overlapping of the lateral areas of the cover plates 10 of adjacent knives takes place by bending one of the two lateral areas. The tongues 8 preferably consist of an extension of the box profiles 22, the additional plates then being omitted in order to maintain the desired free space between the tongues 8.

In order that the knife 2 can be advanced more easily, the cross sections of different parts are tapered. From Fig. 3 it can be seen that the body 18 and the tongues 8 are tapered in their cross-sectional width towards the free end of the tongues 8. Likewise, it can be seen from FIGS. 4 and 5 that the cross sections of the body 18 and the tongues 8, as viewed in the direction of the center of the outbreak, also taper.

Although the cover plate 10 can also taper in the area of the cover plate section 28 towards the free end of the cover plate 10, however, there must always be a lateral projection of the cover plate 10 over the lateral ends of the tongues 8 so that the cover plate 10 can adhere to the adjacent concreting sections as desired can support, thus causing a reversal of the load-bearing effect.

Claims (10)

1. Driving shield formed from a cutter shield having individual cutters (2) or a closed shield casing, in which driving shield the cutter tails (4) or the shield tail serve(s) as outer formwork for the in-situ concrete construction, the end region (6) of each cutter tail (4) being formed by at least one tongue (8) or the end region of the shield tail being formed by a plurality of shield-tail tongues, characterized in that a cover plate (10) is arranged on the top side of the tongues (8) or of the shield-tail tongues which faces the ground or rock, the said cover plate extending in length beyond the free end of the tongues (8) or of the shield-tail tongues and in width beyond the lateral terminations of the cutter tail (4).
2. Driving shield according to Claim 1, in which the cover plate (10) extends over that entire surface of the cutter tail (4) or of the shield-tail tongues, or of the cutter (2) or of the shield casing, which faces the ground or rock.
3. Driving shield according to Claim 1, in which the cover plate (10) extends beyond the lateral terminations, that is to say the cross-sectional width of the entire cutter (2).
4. Driving shield according to Claim 1, in which the lateral regions of the cover plates (10) of cutters (2) arranged next to one another are designed to overlap in the region of the front cutter part (16) and in the region of the cutter tail (4) as far as the region of the free ends of the tongues (8).
5. Driving shield according to Claim 1, in which the lateral regions of the cover plates (10) of cutters (2) arranged next to one another are designed to be spaced from one another in the region outside the free cover-plate portion (28) adjacent to the tongues (8).
6. Driving shield according to Claim 1, in which the spacing of the cover plates (10) is obtained by means of a step-like indentation in the lateral regions of the cover plates (10) or by means of a narrowing of the cross-sectional width of the cover plates (10), the said narrowing running counter to the driving direction.
7. Driving shield according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which, when a concreting section (12) is being prepared, the lateral projections of the cover plate (10) in the region of the cutter tail (4) are arranged to rest on the adjacent concreting sections of an overall concreting section.
8. Driving shield according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which, as seen in the driving direction, the length of the tongues (8) or of the shield-tail tongues and the length of the cover-plate portion (28) adjacent to the free ends of the tongues (8) or of the shield-tail tongues are greater than the length of a concreting section.
9. Driving shield according to Claim 1, in which, when a concreting section (12) is being prepared, on the one hand part of the free cover-plate portion (28) adjacent to the tongues (8) or shield-tail tongues rests in the region of the penultimate concreting section (26) already prepared, and on the other hand part of the tongues (8) or of the shield-tail tongues rests on the last concreting section (14) already prepared and the remaining part of the tongues (8) or of the shield-tail tongues projects in the driving direction into the concreting section (12) to be prepared.
10. Driving shieid according to Claim 1, in which the initial region (20) of the cutter tail (4) or of the shield tail consists of at least two box profiles (22) which are spaced from one another and which are connected to one another via upper and lower additional surfaces in order to form a larger closed box profile forming the initial region (20) of the cutter tail (4) or shield tail, the tongues (8) or the shield-tail tongues consisting of an extension of the mutually spaced box profiles (22) of the initial region (20).

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