EP0774566B1 - Method for securing in advance the roof when driving tunnels - Google Patents
Method for securing in advance the roof when driving tunnels Download PDFInfo
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- EP0774566B1 EP0774566B1 EP96118382A EP96118382A EP0774566B1 EP 0774566 B1 EP0774566 B1 EP 0774566B1 EP 96118382 A EP96118382 A EP 96118382A EP 96118382 A EP96118382 A EP 96118382A EP 0774566 B1 EP0774566 B1 EP 0774566B1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004401 flow injection analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
- E21D9/0671—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end with means for consolidating the rock in front of the shield by injection of consolidating substances through boreholes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for leading ridge securing of tunnel driveways that is required to enter the area of the tunnel future tunnel ceiling (mining "tunnel ridge") especially immediately before the current end of the Tunnels, d. H. the area of the next one To secure the tunnel eruption.
- Such protection of the tunnel ridges to be trained causes the bores (for Loosening of loose or solid rock) and clearing quickly and can be carried out safely without the risk a slipping or collapsing of the undermined Soil or rock.
- the backup takes place usually through so-called injection holes, in which in advanced bores when withdrawing the drill head Injection materials, e.g. Cement solutions to be injected.
- Injection materials e.g. Cement solutions to be injected.
- the injection holes usually from the front end (face) of the already opened tunnels.
- the present invention is therefore technical Problem (task) based, a procedure for securing ridge of tunnel driveways to create the work within the framework the tunnel driveway is not hindered and still one enables economical and reliable ridge protection.
- the drill head in a first Step completely controlled from the surface of the earth towards the area above the future Tunnel ridges drilled. Then in the second step, too one or more completely controlled by flow Injection drilling in the area of the future tunnel ridges carried out for the formation of injection bodies.
- the drill head can be controlled so that at any time the direction of drilling from outside the hole located drill can be set and controlled can.
- the course-controlled drilling from the surface of the earth to Area above the future tunnel ridges For the first time, a leading one parallel to the tunnel axis Ridge protection from the surface of the earth, so that the Tunneling itself is not obstructed.
- the leading one and continuous ridge protection after the The method according to the invention therefore offers considerable advantages versus the intermittent, i.e. continuously interrupted Ridge protection from the tunnel according to the conventional Procedure (ridge protection, mountain solution, clearing work, Ridge protection, mountain solution, etc.).
- the drilling head can be controlled by the course-controlled drilling in the area of future tunnel ridges into one Orientation that the training of elongated injection bodies parallel to the future Tunnel ridge is possible. At this point show up the unexpected benefits that result from the Connection of the known, progressive drilling with injection drilling.
- the course-controlled drilling enables that Create a feed hole from anywhere in the vicinity of the tunnel (for example above one already created section), and at the same time it can Drill at the location of the required ridge securing be aligned that injection holes practically in any direction can be performed.
- the ridge securing can be done in an advantageous manner be optimized so that the injection holes immediately above of the future tunnel ridges and not from remove it so that it is directly under the injectors the tunnel ridge can be trained.
- Preceding are preferred in the method Ridge protection of tunnel driveways simultaneously with or after the injection holes, reinforcement elements and / or prestressed elements, e.g. Reinforcing links, in the hole brought in.
- Such elements provide in an advantageous manner for an improvement of the static properties of the Injection body and thereby optimize the ridge protection of Tunnel driveways as well as the security measures other applications.
- Injection body fan-shaped e.g. from a central Injection body in the crown of the future tunnel vault be trained starting.
- injection bodies the located on both sides of a central bore, e.g. in the crown of the tunnel, around the adjacent sections of the tunnel extend.
- injection bodies can be curved or curved Injection body also the injection holes for securing and sealing of foundations and building sites improved be by the volume required so far lined-up injection bodies is reduced, that statically equivalent injection body in a curved shape be formed.
- the fan-shaped Arrangement of the injection body is provided that several side by side and overlapping in sections Injection body are formed. Through the side by side injection body can be a practical seamless securing of the soil or rock achieved become. Sectional overlap of the injection body guaranteed especially in the fan-shaped arrangement a reliable backup in connection with a Optimization of the total volume of the injection bodies.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously to be used by means of the voltage measuring devices one or more parallel holes in the area of the Introduce injection body. If according to a preferred Embodiment further a certain distance between the introduced voltage measuring devices and the Injection bodies is observed, is influencing the signals picked up by the voltage measuring devices the injection body excluded. At the same time such an arrangement ensures that changes in the Tensions around the injection body and possible Settlements and / or subsidence can be reliably registered can.
- the leading one Ridge protection from the surface does not interfere the work of the tunneling machine 30 under the Tunnel driving.
- injection holes are carried out. This can e.g. several adjacent injection bodies above the future tunnel ridges will be trained can overlap in sections. In cases that do this injection holes can be made are formed by the injection body, the do not only extend in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, but also circumferentially around the tunnel. In the The illustration shown is such an injection body 26 starting from area 14 of the future tunnel ridges recognizable below. Through the perspective Another view is that of the method according to the invention allowed curvature of the injection body 26 around that to see future vaults around.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur vorauseilenden Firstsicherung von Tunnelauffahrungen, die erforderlich ist, um bei Tunnelauffahrungen den Bereich der zukünftigen Tunneldecke (bergmännisch "Tunnelfirste") insbesondere unmittelbar vorderhalb des aktuellen Endes des Tunnels, d. h. den Bereich des nächst anstehenden Tunnelausbruches abzusichern.The present invention relates to a method for leading ridge securing of tunnel driveways that is required to enter the area of the tunnel future tunnel ceiling (mining "tunnel ridge") especially immediately before the current end of the Tunnels, d. H. the area of the next one To secure the tunnel eruption.
Eine derartige Absicherung der auszubildenden Tunnelfirste bewirkt, daß im darunterliegenden Bereich die Bohrungen (zur Lösung des Locker- oder Festgesteins) und Beräumungen zügig und sicher durchgeführt werden können, ohne daß die Gefahr eines Nachrutschens oder Einstürzens des untergrabenen Erdreichs oder Gesteins besteht. Die Sicherung erfolgt üblicherweise durch sogenannte Injektionsbohrungen, bei denen in vorangetriebene Bohrungen beim Zurückziehen des Bohrkopfes seitlich neben der Bohrung Injektionsstoffe, z.B. Zementlösungen, eingespritzt werden. Durch radial an dem länglichen Bohrkopf angeordnete Düsen und die Drehung des Bohrkopfes um seine Längsachse werden säulen- oder scheibenartige Injektionskörper ausgebildet, die nebeneinanderliegend im Bereich der zukünftigen Tunnelfirste angeordnet werden. Mit der herkömmlichen Technik können die Injektionskörper jedoch nur geradlinig verlaufend ausgebildet werden.Such protection of the tunnel ridges to be trained causes the bores (for Loosening of loose or solid rock) and clearing quickly and can be carried out safely without the risk a slipping or collapsing of the undermined Soil or rock. The backup takes place usually through so-called injection holes, in which in advanced bores when withdrawing the drill head Injection materials, e.g. Cement solutions to be injected. By radial on the elongated drill head arranged nozzles and the rotation of the Drill head around its longitudinal axis are columnar or disc-shaped injection body, which side by side in the area of the future tunnel ridges to be ordered. With the conventional technology, the Injection body, however, only designed in a straight line become.
Um diese Injektionskörper möglichst nahe zu den zukünftigen Tunnelfirsten auszubilden, werden die Injektionsbohrungen üblicherweise von dem vorderen Ende (Ortsbrust) des bereits aufgefahrenen Tunnels aus durchgeführt. Ein entsprechendes Bohrgerät mit einer oder mehreren "über Kopf" angeordneten Bohrstangen treibt dazu vom oberen Rand des aufgefahrenen Tunnels Injektionsbohrungen nach vorne voran. Da sich das Bohrgerät in dem frisch aufgefahrenen Tunnelbereich befindet, und ausgehend von der Höhe der bereits vorhandenen Tunnelfirste ein Bereich oberhalb dieser Höhe gesichert werden muß, um die Höhe des Tunnels beizubehalten, müssen die Injektionskörper leicht schräg nach oben verlaufend ausgebildet werden.To make this injection body as close as possible to the future To form tunnel ridges, the injection holes usually from the front end (face) of the already opened tunnels. A corresponding one Drill with one or more "overhead" arranged To do this, boring bars are driven from the upper edge of the open Tunnels injection holes forward. Since that Drill is located in the freshly opened tunnel area, and based on the amount of the already existing Tunnel ridges can be secured an area above this height to maintain the height of the tunnel Injection body sloping slightly upwards be formed.
Dies hat zur Folge, daß die Injektionskörper nicht beliebig lange ausgebildet werden können, da sonst in einem weit entfernten Bereich keine Sicherung der zukünftigen Tunnelfirste erreicht werden kann. Ein weiterer Nachteil dieses Verfahrens liegt darin, daß sich die für die Injektionsbohrungen erforderlichen Geräte in dem Tunnel selbst befinden, so daß sie die übrigen Arbeiten zur Auffahrung des Tunnels behindern und die Fertigstellung des Tunnels verzögern.This has the consequence that the injection body is not arbitrary long can be trained, otherwise in a far remote area no backup of the future Tunnel ridge can be reached. Another disadvantage This procedure is that the for Injection drilling equipment required in the tunnel itself so that they can do the rest of the work on raising the Tunnels hinder and the completion of the tunnel delay.
Dieser Nachteil wird bei einer anderen Methode zur Firstsicherung dadurch behoben, daß die Injektionskörper durch geradlinige Injektionsbohrungen von der Erdoberfläche über dem Tunnel ausgebildet werden. In diesem Fall verläuft die Bohrrichtung der Injektionsbohrungen weitgehend senkrecht zur Richtung des Tunnels, so daß die Injektionskörper als eine Vielzahl von nebeneinanderliegenden kurzen Säulen oder Scheiben auszubilden sind. Dieses Verfahren ermöglicht zwar das gleichzeitige Vorantreiben der Tunnelauffahrung, erfordert jedoch eine Vielzahl von einzelnen Injektionsbohrungen zur Firstsicherung, es kann nur bei geringer Gebirgsüberdeckung eingesetzt werden und ist aus wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten ebenfalls nicht zufriedenstellend.This disadvantage becomes apparent with another method Ridge security fixed in that the injection body by rectilinear injection holes from the surface of the earth above the Tunnels are formed. In this case the Drilling direction of the injection holes largely perpendicular to Direction of the tunnel so that the injection body as one Large number of adjacent short columns or Form slices. This method enables the simultaneous advancement of the tunnel approach requires however, a variety of individual injection holes for Ridge protection, it can only with low mountain coverage be used and is from an economic point of view also unsatisfactory.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt demzufolge das technische Problem (Aufgabe) zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Firstsicherung von Tunnelauffahrungen zu schaffen, das die Arbeiten im Rahmen der Tunnelauffahrung nicht behindert und dennoch eine wirtschaftliche und zuverlässige Firstsicherung ermöglicht.The present invention is therefore technical Problem (task) based, a procedure for securing ridge of tunnel driveways to create the work within the framework the tunnel driveway is not hindered and still one enables economical and reliable ridge protection.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 erreicht.The solution to this problem is given by the characteristics of Claim 1 reached.
Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird in einem ersten Schritt vollkommen verlaufsgesteuert von der Erdoberfläche aus in Richtung des Bereiches oberhalb der zukünftigen Tunnelfirste gebohrt. Im zweiten Schritt werden dann ebenfalls vollkommen verlaufsgesteuert eine oder mehrere Injektionsbohrungen im Bereich der zukünftigen Tunnelfirste zur Ausbildung von Injektionskörpern durchgeführt. Unter vollkommen verlaufsgesteuertem Bohren wird dabei verstanden, daß der Bohrkopf derart steuerbar ist, daß zu jedem Zeitpunkt der Bohrung die Bohrrichtung von einem außerhalb der Bohrung befindlichen Bohrgerät aus festgelegt und gesteuert werden kann. Insbesondere ist durch den steuerbar gestalteten Bohrkopf das Bohren von nahezu beliebigen Kurven und Krümmungen möglich, wobei eine Überwachung des Bohrverlaufs von der Erdoberfläche aus erfolgt.According to the inventive method, in a first Step completely controlled from the surface of the earth towards the area above the future Tunnel ridges drilled. Then in the second step, too one or more completely controlled by flow Injection drilling in the area of the future tunnel ridges carried out for the formation of injection bodies. Under completely course-controlled drilling is understood that the drill head can be controlled so that at any time the direction of drilling from outside the hole located drill can be set and controlled can. In particular, is designed to be controllable Drilling head for drilling almost any curve and Curvatures possible, monitoring the drilling process from the surface of the earth.
Das verlaufsgesteuerte Bohren von der Erdoberfläche aus zum Bereich oberhalb der zukünftigen Tunnelfirste ermöglicht erstmals eine zur Tunnelachse parallele, vorauseilende Firstsicherung von der Erdoberfläche aus, so daß die Tunnelauffahrung selbst nicht behindert ist. Die vorauseilende und kontinuierlich erfolgende Firstsicherung nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bietet deshalb erhebliche Vorteile gegenüber der intermittierend, d.h. laufend unterbrochenen Firstsicherung aus dem Tunnel heraus nach dem herkömmlichen Verfahren (Firstsicherung, Gebirgslösung, Beräumarbeiten, Firstsicherung, Gebirgslösung, etc.).The course-controlled drilling from the surface of the earth to Area above the future tunnel ridges For the first time, a leading one parallel to the tunnel axis Ridge protection from the surface of the earth, so that the Tunneling itself is not obstructed. The leading one and continuous ridge protection after the The method according to the invention therefore offers considerable advantages versus the intermittent, i.e. continuously interrupted Ridge protection from the tunnel according to the conventional Procedure (ridge protection, mountain solution, clearing work, Ridge protection, mountain solution, etc.).
Ferner kann durch das verlaufsgesteuerte Bohren der Bohrkopf im Bereich der zukünftigen Tunnelfirste in eine derartige Orientierung gebracht werden, daß die Ausbildung von länglichen Injektionskörpern parallel zur zukünftigen Tunnelfirste möglich ist. An dieser Stelle zeigen sich besonders deutlich die unerwarteten Vorteile, die sich aus der Verbindung des an sich bekannten, verlaufsgesteuerten Bohrens mit dem Injektionsbohren ergeben.Furthermore, the drilling head can be controlled by the course-controlled drilling in the area of future tunnel ridges into one Orientation that the training of elongated injection bodies parallel to the future Tunnel ridge is possible. At this point show up the unexpected benefits that result from the Connection of the known, progressive drilling with injection drilling.
Das verlaufsgesteuerte Bohren ermöglicht nämlich die Erstellung einer Zuführbohrung von einer beliebigen Stelle in der Umgebung des Tunnels aus (beispielsweise oberhalb eines bereits erstellten Teilstücks), und gleichzeitig kann das Bohrgerät an der Stelle der erforderlichen Firstsicherung so ausgerichtet werden, daß Injektionsbohrungen praktisch in beliebigen Richtungen durchgeführt werden können. Bevorzugt wird das Injektionsbohren dabei oberhalb von und parallel zu der zukünftigen Tunnelfirste durchgeführt, so daß die Injektionsbohrungen theoretisch beliebig lange ausgeführt werden können, da sich die Injektionskörper nicht, wie beim herkömmlichen Verfahren, schräg nach oben erstrecken müssen. Ebenso kann die Firstsicherung in vorteilhafter Weise dadurch optimiert werden, daß die Injektionsbohrungen unmittelbar über der zukünftigen Tunnelfirste erfolgen und sich nicht von dieser entfernen, so daß direkt unter den Injektionskörpern die Tunnelfirste ausgebildet werden kann.The course-controlled drilling enables that Create a feed hole from anywhere in the vicinity of the tunnel (for example above one already created section), and at the same time it can Drill at the location of the required ridge securing be aligned that injection holes practically in any direction can be performed. Prefers the injection drilling is above and parallel to of the future tunnel ridges, so that the Theoretically, injection holes are of any length can be, since the injection body is not, as with the conventional methods, must extend obliquely upwards. Likewise, the ridge securing can be done in an advantageous manner be optimized so that the injection holes immediately above of the future tunnel ridges and not from remove it so that it is directly under the injectors the tunnel ridge can be trained.
Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens finden sich in den Unteransprüchen.Advantageous embodiments of the invention Procedures can be found in the subclaims.
Es ergeben sich besondere Vorteile bei der vorauseilenden Firstsicherung von Tunnelauffahrungen, wenn die Injektionskörper gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform gekrümmt ausgebildet werden. Dies ermöglicht im deutlichen Gegensatz zu den herkömmlichen Verfahren ein Nachbilden des zukünftigen Tunnelgewölbes durch Injektionskörper, die derart gekrümmt verlaufen, daß sie sich nicht nur in Längsrichtung des Tunnels erstrecken, sondern auch zumindest teilweise in Umfangsrichtung um das Tunnelgewölbe herum. Eine derart gekrümmte oder kurvenförmige Gestalt der Injektionskörper kann nur durch das vollkommen verlaufsgesteuerte Injektionsbohren erreicht werden. Die wesentlichen Vorteile einer solchen Ausbildung der Injektionskörper liegen in der Möglichkeit der statischen Optimierung der zu schaffenden Firstsicherung und in der gleichzeitigen Materialreduzierung und Optimierung der Form der Injektionskörper.There are special advantages in the leading Ridge securing of tunnel driveways when the Injection body according to a preferred embodiment be curved. This clearly enables Contrary to the conventional methods, a replica of the future tunnel vault through injection bodies that such run curved that they are not only in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel, but also at least partially in Circumferential direction around the tunnel vault. Such a curved or curved shape of the injection body can only through the completely flow-controlled injection drilling can be achieved. The main advantages of such Training the injection body are in the possibility of static optimization of the ridge protection to be created and in the simultaneous reduction of material and optimization of the Shape of the injection body.
Bevorzugt werden bei dem Verfahren zur vorauseilenden Firstsicherung von Tunnelauffahrungen gleichzeitig mit oder nach den Injektionsbohrungen Armierungselemente und/oder vorgespannte Elemente, z.B. Bewehrungsglieder, in die Bohrung eingebracht. Derartige Elemente sorgen in vorteilhafter Weise für eine Verbesserung der statischen Eigenschaften der Injektionskörper und optimieren dadurch die Firstsicherung von Tunnelauffahrungen ebenso wie die Sicherungsmaßnahmen bei sonstigen Anwendungen.Preceding are preferred in the method Ridge protection of tunnel driveways simultaneously with or after the injection holes, reinforcement elements and / or prestressed elements, e.g. Reinforcing links, in the hole brought in. Such elements provide in an advantageous manner for an improvement of the static properties of the Injection body and thereby optimize the ridge protection of Tunnel driveways as well as the security measures other applications.
Ausgehend von einer Zuführbohrung können ferner mehrere Injektionskörper fächerartig, z.B. von einem zentralen Injektionskörper im Scheitel des zukünftigen Tunnelgewölbes ausgehend ausgebildet werden.Starting from one feed hole, several can also Injection body fan-shaped, e.g. from a central Injection body in the crown of the future tunnel vault be trained starting.
In vorteilhafter Weise ermöglicht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren außerdem die Ausbildung von Injektionskörpern, die sich zu beiden Seiten einer Zentralbohrung, z.B. im Scheitel des Tunnels, um die benachbarten Abschnitte des Tunnels herum erstrecken. Ferner können durch gekrümmte oder kurvenförmige Injektionskörper auch die Injektionsbohrungen zur Sicherung und Abdichtung von Gründungen und Baugelände verbessert werden, indem das erforderliche Volumen von bislang aneinandergereihten Injektionskörpern dadurch verringert wird, daß statisch äquivalente Injektionskörper in gekrümmter Form ausgebildet werden.This advantageously enables the invention Process also the formation of injection bodies, the located on both sides of a central bore, e.g. in the crown of the tunnel, around the adjacent sections of the tunnel extend. Furthermore, can be curved or curved Injection body also the injection holes for securing and sealing of foundations and building sites improved be by the volume required so far lined-up injection bodies is reduced, that statically equivalent injection body in a curved shape be formed.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der fächerförmigen Anordnung der Injektionskörper ist vorgesehen, daß mehrere nebeneinanderliegende und sich abschnittsweise überlappende Injektionskörper ausgebildet werden. Durch die nebeneinanderliegenden Injektionskörper kann eine praktisch fugenlose Sicherung des Erdreichs oder Gesteins erreicht werden. Die abschnittsweise Überlappung der Injektionskörper insbesondere bei der fächerförmigen Anordnung gewährleistet eine zuverlässige Sicherung in Verbindung mit einer Optimierung des Gesamtvolumens der Injektionskörper.According to a preferred embodiment of the fan-shaped Arrangement of the injection body is provided that several side by side and overlapping in sections Injection body are formed. Through the side by side injection body can be a practical seamless securing of the soil or rock achieved become. Sectional overlap of the injection body guaranteed especially in the fan-shaped arrangement a reliable backup in connection with a Optimization of the total volume of the injection bodies.
Auch in dem Fall, daß ein vollkommen verlaufsgesteuertes Bohren von der Erdoberfläche aus zu dem Bereich der zukünftigen Tunnelfirste aufgrund der Gebirgsverhältnisse über dem aufzufahrenden Tunnel nicht möglich ist, bietet ein entsprechend modifiziertes Verfahren zur Firstsicherung große Vorteile. Wenn nämlich eine Behinderung der Arbeiten im Rahmen der Tunnelauffahrung nicht zu befürchten ist oder in Kauf genommen werden kann, so können ausgehend von einem Bohrgerät, das sich in dem bereits aufgefahrenen Tunnel befindet, Injektionsbohrungen durchgeführt werden, die trotz der Arbeit aus dem Tunnel heraus parallel zur zukünftigen Tunnelfirste verlaufen können.Even in the event that a completely history-driven Drilling from the surface of the earth to the area of future tunnel ridges due to the mountain conditions the tunnel to be opened is not possible accordingly modified procedure for securing ridge large Benefits. If there is a disability of the work in the frame the tunnel driveway is not to be feared or in purchase can be taken from a drill, that is in the already opened tunnel, Injection drilling is carried out despite the work out of the tunnel parallel to the future tunnel ridge can run.
Dadurch verlaufen die Injektionskörper im Gegensatz zum herkömmlichen Verfahren nicht schräg nach oben und können theoretisch beliebig lange ausgeführt werden, ohne die Sicherung des Erdreichs zu beeinträchtigen. Außerdem ergeben sich ganz erhebliche wirtschaftliche Vorteile daraus, daß in einem Arbeitsgang ein weitaus größerer Bereich gesichert werden kann als mit dem herkömmlichen Verfahren.As a result, the injection bodies run in contrast to conventional methods can not and obliquely upwards theoretically run for any length of time without the Affect the security of the soil. Also revealed very significant economic benefits from the fact that in secured a much larger area in one operation can be than with the conventional method.
Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, wenn mögliche Setzungen oder Absenkungen des Gesteins im Umfeld der Tunnelfirste registriert werden können. Diese Möglichkeit bietet eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, bei der im Umfeld der Injektionskörper Spannungsmeßeinrichtungen eingebracht werden. Bevorzugt werden dabei Druckmeßsonden verwendet, die in Folienform ausgebildet sein können, und an die zur Übertragung der aufgenommenen Signale vorzugsweise Lichtwellenleiter angeschlossen sind. Mit dieser modernen Technologie ist eine wirkungsvolle Überwachung der im Umfeld der Injektionskörper auftretenden Spannungen und damit eine zuverlässige Detektierung von Setzungen und Senkungen möglich.It is also advantageous if possible settlements or Lowering of the rock in the vicinity of the tunnel ridges can be registered. This is a possibility Embodiment of the method according to the invention, in which Environment of the injection body tension measuring devices be introduced. Pressure measuring probes are preferred used, which can be formed in film form, and on preferably for the transmission of the recorded signals Optical fibers are connected. With this modern Technology is an effective surveillance of the environment the injection body occurring voltages and thus a reliable detection of subsidence and subsidence possible.
In vorteilhafter Weise kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren dazu benützt werden, die Spannungsmeßeinrichtungen mittels einer oder mehrerer Parallelbohrungen in das Umfeld der Injektionskörper einzubringen. Wenn gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ferner ein gewisser Abstand zwischen den eingebrachten Spannungsmeßeinrichtungen und den Injektionskörpern eingehalten wird, ist die Beeinflussung der von den Spannungsmeßeinrichtungen aufgenommenen Signale durch die Injektionskörper ausgeschlossen. Gleichzeitig gewährleistet eine derartige Anordnung, daß Veränderungen der Spannungen im Umfeld der Injektionskörper und mögliche Setzungen und/oder Absenkungen zuverlässig registriert werden können.The method according to the invention can advantageously to be used by means of the voltage measuring devices one or more parallel holes in the area of the Introduce injection body. If according to a preferred Embodiment further a certain distance between the introduced voltage measuring devices and the Injection bodies is observed, is influencing the signals picked up by the voltage measuring devices the injection body excluded. At the same time such an arrangement ensures that changes in the Tensions around the injection body and possible Settlements and / or subsidence can be reliably registered can.
Im folgenden soll das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beispielhaft anhand der Figur beschrieben werden, die anhand eines Teilschnitts in perspektivischer Ansicht die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bei der vorauseilenden Firstsicherung von Tunnelauffahrungen zeigt.In the following, the method according to the invention is intended to be exemplary be described with the aid of the figure Partial section in perspective view of the application of inventive method in the leading Ridge securing of tunnel driveways shows.
Wie in der Figur gut zu erkennen ist, wird vorderhalb eines
bereits aufgefahrenen Tunnels 10 eine Firstsicherung
durchgeführt. Dazu wird bei dieser Ausführungsform des
erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens von einem Bohrgerät 20, das sich
auf der Erdoberfläche 18 befindet, eine vollkommen
verlaufsgesteuerte Bohrung 22 durch das Erdreich hindurch zu
dem Bereich 14 oberhalb der Firste des zukünftigen Tunnels 12
durchgeführt. Parallel zu und unmittelbar über der zukünftigen
Tunnelfirste wird eine vollkommen verlaufsgesteuerte
Injektionsbohrung durchgeführt, um die gezeigten
Injektionskörper 24 auszubilden. Die vorauseilende
Firstsicherung von der Oberfläche aus behindert dabei nicht
die Arbeiten der Vortriebsmaschine 30 im Rahmen der
Tunnelauffahrung.As can be clearly seen in the figure, one becomes in
Ausgehend von der Bohrung 22 können mehrere
Injektionsbohrungen durchgeführt werden. Dadurch können z.B.
mehrere nebeneinanderliegende Injektionskörper oberhalb der
zukünftigen Tunnelfirste ausgebildet werden, die sich
abschnittsweise überlappen können. In Fällen, die dies
erforderlich machen, können Injektionsbohrungen durchgeführt
werden, durch die Injektionskörper ausgebildet werden, die
sich nicht nur in Längsrichtung des Tunnels erstrecken,
sondern auch in Umfangsrichtung um den Tunnel herum. In der
gezeigten Darstellung sind derartige Injektionskörper 26
ausgehend vom Bereich 14 der zukünftigen Tunnelfirste nach
unten verlaufend zu erkennen. Durch die perspektivische
Ansicht ist ferner die durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren
ermöglichte Krümmung des Injektionskörpers 26 um das
zukünftige Tunnelgewölbe herum zu sehen.Starting from the
Claims (9)
- Procedure for leading protection of roofs of tunnel drives by means of injection bores, characterized by the steps:fully process-controlled drilling from the surface of the ground (18) in the direction of the region (14) above the future roof of the tunnel,fully process-controlled construction of injection bodies in the region (14) of the future roof of the tunnel, preferably parallel to and directly above the future roof of the tunnel.
- Procedure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the injection body/bodies (24, 26) is/are constructed as curved.
- Procedure according to at least one of Claims 1 or 2, characterized in that simultaneously to or after the injection bores armouring elements and/or pre-stressed elements, in particular reinforcement members, are inserted into the bore.
- Procedure according to at least one of the above claims, characterized in that, starting from a central bore, several injection bodies (24, 26) are arranged, in particular in a fan-shape.
- Procedure according to Claim 4, characterized in that several injection bodies (24, 26) are constructed adjacent to one another and overlapping one another in sections.
- Procedure according to at least one of the above claims, characterized in that stress measurement devices, in particular pressure measurement probes, are inserted in the surrounding area of the injection bodies (24, 26).
- Procedure according to Claim 6, characterized in that stress measurement devices with attached light wave conductors to transmit the signals received are inserted.
- Procedure according to at least one of Claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the stress measurement devices are inserted by means of one or more parallel bores.
- Procedure according to at least one of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the stress measurement devices are inserted at a certain distance from the injection bodies (24, 26).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19542971A DE19542971C2 (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1995-11-17 | Procedure for leading ridge securing of tunnel driveways |
| DE19542971 | 1995-11-17 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0774566A1 EP0774566A1 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
| EP0774566B1 true EP0774566B1 (en) | 2001-04-04 |
Family
ID=7777764
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96118382A Expired - Lifetime EP0774566B1 (en) | 1995-11-17 | 1996-11-15 | Method for securing in advance the roof when driving tunnels |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0774566B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE200338T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19542971C2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100532738C (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2009-08-26 | 诺比利费拉里有限责任公司 | Continuous realizing method of underground engineering |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6520718B1 (en) * | 1998-11-27 | 2003-02-18 | Shigeki Nagatomo, Et Al. | Sardine-bone construction method for large-section tunnel |
| CN101624910B (en) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-05-18 | 广州市建筑机械施工有限公司 | Method for reinforcing concealed tunnel |
| CN101818647B (en) * | 2010-04-02 | 2011-10-26 | 中铁二局股份有限公司 | Advance support fast construction method in shallow tunnelling loose pebble bed |
| EP2610586A1 (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2013-07-03 | Entreprenørfirmaet Østergaard A/S | Underground soil excavation |
| CN108049878B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-06-25 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of powder land floor shield cuts the construction method that stake is crossed the river |
| CN109372520A (en) * | 2018-11-08 | 2019-02-22 | 大成工程建设集团有限公司 | One kind passing through Debris Flow Deposition area tunnel support structure and its construction method |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2320366A1 (en) * | 1973-04-21 | 1974-11-07 | Beton & Monierbau Ag | PROCESS FOR SECURING THE OUTBREAK AND LIMITING MOUNTAIN DEFORMATIONS IN THE MOUNTAIN MANNICAL PRODUCTION OF TUBE-SHAPED CAVES |
| CH665878A5 (en) * | 1984-12-11 | 1988-06-15 | Rodio Found Eng Ltd | PROCEDURE FOR THE CONSOLIDATION OF LAND IN THE EXCAVATION OF GALLERIES. |
| SE8604940D0 (en) * | 1986-11-19 | 1986-11-19 | Atlas Copco Ab | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR OPERATING A TUNNEL |
| JPH07107359B2 (en) * | 1988-06-15 | 1995-11-15 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Underground cavity construction method and tunnel excavator |
| US5074366A (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1991-12-24 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Method and apparatus for horizontal drilling |
| IT1257701B (en) * | 1991-10-25 | 1996-02-01 | Trevi Spa | IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE COVERING OF A GALLERY AND EQUIPMENT SUITABLE FOR THE PURPOSE. |
| DE4305423C2 (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1996-11-07 | Terra Ag Tiefbautechnik | Earth drilling rig |
-
1995
- 1995-11-17 DE DE19542971A patent/DE19542971C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-11-15 AT AT96118382T patent/ATE200338T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-11-15 DE DE59606701T patent/DE59606701D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-11-15 EP EP96118382A patent/EP0774566B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100532738C (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2009-08-26 | 诺比利费拉里有限责任公司 | Continuous realizing method of underground engineering |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0774566A1 (en) | 1997-05-21 |
| DE19542971A1 (en) | 1997-05-22 |
| DE19542971C2 (en) | 1999-01-21 |
| ATE200338T1 (en) | 2001-04-15 |
| DE59606701D1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
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