EP0322627B1 - Appareil pour chauffer un courant de gaz - Google Patents

Appareil pour chauffer un courant de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0322627B1
EP0322627B1 EP88120766A EP88120766A EP0322627B1 EP 0322627 B1 EP0322627 B1 EP 0322627B1 EP 88120766 A EP88120766 A EP 88120766A EP 88120766 A EP88120766 A EP 88120766A EP 0322627 B1 EP0322627 B1 EP 0322627B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
infrared
elements
heat exchanger
gas flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88120766A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0322627A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Tattermusch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Original Assignee
Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsanstalt fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV DFVLR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV, Deutsche Forschungs und Versuchsanstalt fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV DFVLR filed Critical Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Priority to AT88120766T priority Critical patent/ATE74419T1/de
Publication of EP0322627A1 publication Critical patent/EP0322627A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0322627B1 publication Critical patent/EP0322627B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1615—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits being inside a casing and extending at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the casing; the conduits crossing the conduit for the other heat exchange medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0033—Heating devices using lamps
    • H05B3/0038—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications
    • H05B3/0052—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications for fluid treatments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for heating a clean gas stream to temperatures above 600 ° C. with a heat exchanger which has heat exchanger surfaces which run transversely or obliquely to the gas stream and flow against it, which are made of infrared-absorbing ceramic material and are illuminated by an infrared light source arranged outside the gas stream. the infrared light source being separated from the gas stream by an infrared-transparent shield.
  • Such a device for heating a clean gas stream is known from US Pat. No. 3,519,255.
  • this device also has the additional feature that the heat exchanger surfaces are supported by a plurality of elements arranged one behind the other in the direction of flow of the gas stream.
  • devices for heating a gas stream in which the gas stream usually flows through an electrically heated filament, for example made of tungsten wire, and the gas flow is heated by the heat exchange between the surfaces of the filament flowing against it.
  • an electrically heated filament for example made of tungsten wire
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a device of the generic type in such a way that simple and unproblematic heating of a gas stream to high temperatures, in particular above 600 ° C., can be achieved.
  • This object is achieved in a device for heating a clean gas stream to temperatures above 600 ° C. with a heat exchanger which has heat exchanger surfaces which run transversely or obliquely to the gas stream and which are flowed against by the latter, which are made of infrared-absorbing ceramic material and are illuminated by an infrared light source arranged outside the gas stream are, wherein the infrared light source is separated from the clean gas flow by an infrared-transparent shield, solved according to the invention in that the infrared-transparent shield is part of an encapsulation for the infrared light source and in that the encapsulation for the infrared light source is cooled by the clean gas flow.
  • This solution has the great advantage that, on the one hand, cooling which is advantageous for the encapsulation of the infrared light source occurs, so that the infrared light source in turn does not overheat and, on the other hand, this cooling is used at the same time for heating the clean gas stream.
  • the infrared light sources comprise a thermal radiator arranged in a vacuum in the encapsulation.
  • the thermal radiator can be operated at significantly higher temperatures than in the cases in which it is arranged directly in the gas stream, since the vacuum avoids chemical reactions and signs of corrosion on one surface thereof.
  • material evaporation on the surface does not have a negative effect on the gas flow.
  • the known tungsten wires are therefore preferably also used as thermal radiators.
  • electrically heated carbon rods as thermal radiators, which can also be easily heated to high temperatures when arranged in a vacuum without their function being impaired.
  • a particularly optimal heating of the heat exchanger can be achieved if a plurality of infrared light sources shielded from one another are provided, the shielding of the infrared light sources from one another offering the advantage in the context of the invention that the infrared light sources do not heat up against each other, but only the heat exchanger.
  • the above-mentioned object is achieved in a device for heating a clean gas stream to temperatures above 600 ° C with a heat exchanger which has transverse or substantially oblique to the gas stream and flows onto the heat exchanger surfaces, which are made of infrared-absorbing ceramic material and from an outside of the Gas flow arranged and separated from the gas flow by an infrared-transparent shield are illuminated and are carried by several elements arranged one behind the other in the flow direction of the gas stream, solved according to the invention in that the elements form an optically dense surface with their heat exchanger surfaces with respect to each direction of incidence of the infrared radiation opposite infrared gas sources are provided and that the infrared light sources of each side are shielded from each other.
  • infrared light sources can be arranged on opposite sides of the gas stream without heating them up and in addition that several infrared light sources can also be arranged on each side of the gas stream, which also do not heat up each other.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a plurality of elements which are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction and which support the heat exchanger surfaces. These elements are advantageously arranged at a distance from one another and expediently extend with their longitudinal direction transverse to the gas flow.
  • the construction of the device according to the invention is structurally particularly simple when the elements are illuminated transversely to the direction of flow of the gas flow, since in this case the infrared light sources can be arranged on both sides of the gas flow.
  • the heat exchanger can be used as uniformly as possible if the elements are illuminated symmetrically to the direction of flow.
  • heat exchanger surfaces of the individual elements are arranged in at least two rows extending in the direction of flow of the gas stream and have a distance from one another in the direction of flow, in which the rows are at a distance from one another transversely to the direction of flow, and in which has proven particularly useful the heat exchanger surfaces of one row cover the interstices of the other for the incident infrared radiation.
  • the elements are arranged in such a way that the heat exchanger surface of an upstream element at least partially redirects the gas stream impinging on it to the heat exchanger surface of a downstream element.
  • the elements are wall elements extending in the direction of flow.
  • the elements may additionally be expedient for the elements to form gas channels running in the direction of flow.
  • the material for the elements it has proven useful if they are made of temperature-resistant material which is non-reactive with the gas, so that in particular the materials graphite, ceramic, glass, stone, clay or metal come into question, the metal In this case, it can be selected so that it does not react with the gas flow, since the selection of the metal is not restricted to those materials which are suitable as a resistance element for electrical heating, but can be made according to the criteria mentioned above.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention, designated as a whole by 10, for heating a clean gas flow when used in an overall device, in which a fan 12 generates a clean gas flow 14 which is guided in a channel 16 to the device according to the invention, flows through it and then to the device 10 according to the invention in a further channel 18 to a heated by the heated clean gas stream 14 'to be heated object 20 is performed.
  • a fan 12 generates a clean gas flow 14 which is guided in a channel 16 to the device according to the invention, flows through it and then to the device 10 according to the invention in a further channel 18 to a heated by the heated clean gas stream 14 'to be heated object 20 is performed.
  • the device 10 shows a heat exchanger 22 arranged in the clean gas flow 14, which comprises elements 26 arranged one behind the other in the flow direction 24 of the clean gas flow 14, which in the case of the first exemplary embodiment are cylindrical rods.
  • These elements 26 are arranged in the flow direction 24, for example in three mutually parallel rows 28a, b, c, the elements 26 of the rows 28a and 28c in the flow direction 24 being at the same height and at a distance from one another which is at most the extent of the elements 26 in Direction of flow 24 corresponds.
  • the elements 26 of the row 28b are arranged in a gap with the elements 26 of the rows 28a and c so that they cover gaps between the elements 26 of the rows 28a and 28c, as seen transversely to the flow direction 24, so that the heat exchanger 22 transversely to the flow direction 24 seen forms an optically dense surface.
  • infrared radiators 30 extending parallel to the flow direction 24 are arranged, which comprise a tungsten wire as the infrared light source 32, which is arranged in a shielding tube 34 in a vacuum.
  • This shielding tube 34 is made of infrared-transmissive material, in particular quartz glass, and is expediently provided on its side facing away from the heat exchanger 22 with an infrared-reflecting mirror coating, for example a gold layer.
  • a cooling tube 36 through which water flows is formed on the shielding tube 34 on its side facing away from the heat exchanger 22.
  • infrared radiators 30 are arranged one above the other and parallel to the direction of flow in the direction of longitudinal axes 38 of the elements 26, each infrared radiator 30 being arranged in a groove 40 in a groove 40 in a side wall element 42 of a housing denoted as a whole by 44, and each of the grooves 40 extends parallel to the flow direction 24 and preferably also has clean gas flowing through it.
  • the individual elements 26 of the heat exchanger 22 are illuminated essentially over their entire extent in the direction of their longitudinal axis 38. Mainly one directly exposed to infrared radiation is used Area of a peripheral surface 46 as a heat exchanger surface 48. Although it is also possible to use the regions of the peripheral surface 46 that are not exposed to infrared radiation as a heat exchanger surface, they are also heated by heat conduction in the material of the elements 26. However, this can only serve as an additional option for heat exchange.
  • the elements 26 of the two outer rows 28a and 28c on their halves of their peripheral surface 46 facing the infrared radiators 30 are exposed to the infrared radiation and therefore preferably serve as heat exchanger surfaces 48 with them
  • the elements 26 of the middle row 28b are also exposed essentially to the full circumferential surface 46 of the infrared radiation by the infrared emitters 30 arranged on both sides, so that the full circumferential surface 46 also serves as the heat exchanger surface 48.
  • the staggered arrangement of the elements 26 in the row 28b relative to the rows 28a and c ensures that the heat exchanger 22 forms an optically dense surface on its sides facing the infrared radiators 30, so that the entire radiation power of the infrared radiators is absorbed, and in particular none Infrared radiation from an infrared radiator 30 arranged on one side reaches the infrared radiator 30 arranged opposite and unnecessarily heats it up.
  • the arrangement of the infrared radiators 30 in the grooves 40 receiving them also ensures that the infrared radiators 30 do not irradiate each other and additionally heat up unnecessarily.
  • the device according to the invention for heating a clean gas stream now functions in such a way that the clean gas stream 14, the elements 26 of the heat exchanger 22 flow on their upstream peripheral surfaces 46a and along their lateral peripheral surfaces 46b, which serve as heat exchanger surfaces 48, so that when flowing through the entire heat exchanger 22, a heating of the clean gas stream 14 takes place. Furthermore, the clean gas flow 14 flows with its edge regions through the individual grooves 40 and the infrared radiators 30 arranged therein and thus brings about additional cooling of the shielding tubes 40, which at the same time results in the edge regions of the clean gas flow 14 being heated up. Overall, the heated clean gas stream 14 'leaves the heat exchanger 22 and flows through the channel 18 to the object 20 to be heated.
  • the individual elements 26' are arranged in two rows 28a 'and 28b' one behind the other in the flow direction 24, but offset transversely to the flow direction 24 on gap and have one with respect to the flow direction 24 elongated, for example diamond-shaped cross-section.
  • the cross section however, it can also have the shape of an elongated ellipsoid or similar shape. This makes it possible to achieve that the elements 26 'essentially face one of the infrared radiators 30 with each area of their peripheral surface 46 and, moreover, the clean gas stream 14 flows around almost the entire area of their peripheral surface 46, so that essentially the entire peripheral surface 46 is used as the heat exchanger surface 48 Available.
  • the elements 26 ⁇ are lamella-shaped and are at an angle to the flow direction 24 with their transverse axis 50. These elements 26 ⁇ are preferably arranged in the individual rows 28a ⁇ and 28b ⁇ that the upstream element 26 ⁇ of a row 26b 'or 26a' preferably deflects the clean gas stream 14 to the element 26 ⁇ of the other row 28a 'or 28b' and thus the most effective possible heating of the flow and also the infrared radiators 30 facing heat exchanger surfaces 48 allows.
  • a fourth embodiment, shown in Fig. 5, differs from the previous embodiments in that the elements are not arranged individually one behind the other, but are continuous, extending in the flow direction wall elements 26 ⁇ ', which favor any heat transfer to the gas stream 14 Have surface.
  • these wall elements 26 ⁇ ' are corrugated.
  • a fifth embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the extending in the flow direction 24 wall elements 26 ⁇ 'form by their arrangement at a distance transversely to the flow direction 24 relative to each other a gas channel 52, in which heating of the gas stream 14 also takes place, although in In this case, the wall elements 26 ⁇ 'are heated by the infrared radiation and the heating of the heat exchanger surfaces 48 facing the gas channel 52 takes place via heat conduction in the wall elements from the radiated heat exchanger surfaces 48 facing away from the gas channel 52 to the heat exchanger surfaces 48 facing the gas channel 52.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Appareil pour chauffer un courant de gaz pur à des températures supérieures à 600°C au moyen d'un échangeur de chaleur qui présente des surfaces (48) d'échange de chaleur qui sont orientées perpendiculairement ou obliquement par rapport au courant de gaz (14), qui sont exposées à ce courant de gaz, qui sont fabriquées en un matériau céramique absorbant le rayonnement infrarouge et qui sont exposées au rayonnement d'une source de lumière infrarouge (32) disposée à l'extérieur du courant de gaz (14), étant précisé que la source de lumière infrarouge (32) est séparée du courant de gaz (14) par un écran de protection (34) perméable au rayonnement infrarouge,
       appareil caractérisé par le fait que l'écran de protection (34) perméable au rayonnement infrarouge fait partie d'une enceinte pour la source de lumière infrarouge (32) et que l'enceinte pour la source de lumière infrarouge (32) est refroidie par le courant de gaz (14).
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que sont prévues plusieurs sources (32) de lumière infrarouge protégées par écran l'une à l'égard de l'autre.
  3. Appareil pour chauffer un courant de gaz pur à des températures supérieures à 600°C avec un échangeur thermique, qui présente des surfaces (48) d'échange thermique qui sont orientées perpendiculairement ou essentiellement obliquement par rapport au courant de gaz (14), qui sont exposées à ce courant de gaz, qui sont fabriquées en un matériau céramique absorbant le rayonnement infrarouge, qui sont exposées au rayonnement d'une source de lumière infrarouge (32) séparée du courant de gaz (14) par un écran de protection (14) perméable au rayonnement infrarouge et qui sont portées par plusieurs éléments (26) disposés l'un derrière l'autre dans le sens de l'écoulement (24) du courant de gaz (14), appareil caractérisé par le fait que, relativement à cette direction d'incidence du rayonnement infrarouge, les éléments (26) forment, par leurs surfaces (48) d'échange de chaleur une surface optiquement étanche, que plusieurs sources (32) de lumière infrarouge sont prévues sur les côtés, opposés l'un à l'autre, du courant de gaz (14) et que les sources (32) de lumière infrarouge sont protégées, à l'égard l'une de l autre, par écran de tout côté.
  4. Appareil selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que l'écran de protection (34) perméable au rayonnement infrarouge est refroidi par le courant de gaz (14).
  5. Appareil selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé par le fait que l'écran de protection (34) perméable au rayonnement infrarouge fait partie d'une enceinte pour la source (32) de lumière infrarouge.
  6. Appareil selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 5, caractérisé par le fait que la source (32) de lumière infrarouge comporte un émetteur de rayonnement thermique (32) disposé sous vide dans l'enceinte.
  7. Appareil selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que les surfaces (48) d'échange de chaleur sont exposées au rayonnement provenant de la source (32) de lumière infrarouge, obliquement par rapport au courant de gaz (14).
  8. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments (26) sont disposés à une certaine distance l'un de l'autre.
  9. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments (26) sont orientés perpendiculairement par rapport au courant de gaz (14).
  10. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 3 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments (26) sont exposés au rayonnement perpendiculairement par rapport à la direction de l'écoulement (24) du courant de gaz (14).
  11. Appareil selon la revendication 10, cractérisé par le fait que les éléments (26) sont exposés au rayonnement symétriquement par rapport à la direction de l'écoulement (24).
  12. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 3 à 11, caractérisé par le fait que les surfaces (48) d'échange de chaleur des différents éléments (26) sont disposées en au moins deux rangées (28a, b) orientées dans la direction de l'écoulement (24) du courant de gaz (14) et sont, dans la direction de l'écoulement (24), à une certaine distance l'une de l'autre, que les rangées (28a, b) sont à une certaine distance l'une de l'autre perpendiculairement à la direction d'écoulement (24, et que les surfaces (48) d'échange de chaleur d'une rangée (28a, b) couvrent pour le rayonnement infrarouge incident, les espaces intermédiaires de, respectivement, l'autre rangée 28b, a).
  13. Appareil selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments sont disposés de façon que la surface (48) d'échange de chaleur d'un élément (26) situé en amont dévie le courant de gaz (14), incident sur cette surface, au moins partiellement sur la surface (48) d'échange de chaleur d'un élément (26) situé en aval.
  14. Appareil selon la revendication 13, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments (26''') sont des éléments de paroi s'étendant dans la direction de l'écoulement (24).
  15. Appareil selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments (26''') forment des canaux (52) pour le gaz orientés dans la direction de l'écoulement (24).
EP88120766A 1987-12-30 1988-12-13 Appareil pour chauffer un courant de gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0322627B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88120766T ATE74419T1 (de) 1987-12-30 1988-12-13 Vorrichtung zum aufheizen eines gasstroms.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3744498A DE3744498C1 (de) 1987-12-30 1987-12-30 Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen eines Gasstroms
DE3744498 1987-12-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0322627A1 EP0322627A1 (fr) 1989-07-05
EP0322627B1 true EP0322627B1 (fr) 1992-04-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88120766A Expired - Lifetime EP0322627B1 (fr) 1987-12-30 1988-12-13 Appareil pour chauffer un courant de gaz

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5014339A (fr)
EP (1) EP0322627B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01297139A (fr)
AT (1) ATE74419T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1309311C (fr)
DE (1) DE3744498C1 (fr)

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JP5610679B2 (ja) * 2008-09-01 2014-10-22 栗田工業株式会社 液体加熱器および液体加熱方法
US8541721B2 (en) * 2008-12-01 2013-09-24 Daniel Moskal Wake generating solid elements for joule heating or infrared heating
CN109068615B (zh) * 2016-02-08 2022-01-07 蛋-鸡自动化技术公司 用于检测倒置蛋的设备和方法
WO2024033187A1 (fr) * 2022-08-09 2024-02-15 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Appareil chauffé électriquement et procédé de chauffage d'un fluide

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US3519064A (en) * 1968-07-17 1970-07-07 Hal B H Cooper Method for heating gases
US3550919A (en) * 1968-11-13 1970-12-29 Hal B H Cooper Furnace structure
US3519255A (en) * 1969-03-27 1970-07-07 Hal B H Cooper Structure and method for heating gases

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US5014339A (en) 1991-05-07
CA1309311C (fr) 1992-10-27
DE3744498C1 (de) 1989-03-16
JPH01297139A (ja) 1989-11-30
ATE74419T1 (de) 1992-04-15
EP0322627A1 (fr) 1989-07-05

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