EP0321714B1 - Chaussure de ski - Google Patents

Chaussure de ski Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0321714B1
EP0321714B1 EP88119452A EP88119452A EP0321714B1 EP 0321714 B1 EP0321714 B1 EP 0321714B1 EP 88119452 A EP88119452 A EP 88119452A EP 88119452 A EP88119452 A EP 88119452A EP 0321714 B1 EP0321714 B1 EP 0321714B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ski boot
tension member
sole
tension
retaining element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88119452A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0321714A2 (fr
EP0321714A3 (fr
Inventor
Sigurd Seidel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raichle Sportschuh AG
Original Assignee
Raichle Sportschuh AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raichle Sportschuh AG filed Critical Raichle Sportschuh AG
Priority to AT88119452T priority Critical patent/ATE100288T1/de
Publication of EP0321714A2 publication Critical patent/EP0321714A2/fr
Publication of EP0321714A3 publication Critical patent/EP0321714A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0321714B1 publication Critical patent/EP0321714B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B5/00—Footwear for sporting purposes
    • A43B5/04—Ski or like boots
    • A43B5/0427—Ski or like boots characterised by type or construction details
    • A43B5/0435—Adjustment of the boot to the foot
    • A43B5/0443—Adjustment of the boot to the foot to the instep of the foot, e.g. metatarsals; Metatarsal clamping devices
    • A43B5/0447—Adjustment of the boot to the foot to the instep of the foot, e.g. metatarsals; Metatarsal clamping devices actuated by flexible means, e.g. cables, straps
    • A43B5/0449—Adjustment of the boot to the foot to the instep of the foot, e.g. metatarsals; Metatarsal clamping devices actuated by flexible means, e.g. cables, straps with the actuator being disposed at the rear side of the boot
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B3/00—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use
    • A43B3/34—Footwear characterised by the shape or the use with electrical or electronic arrangements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a ski boot according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a ski boot is known for example from EP-OS 0 221 483.
  • a holding element which covers the instep in the form of a saddle and a heel cap which is integrally formed therewith and surrounds the heel from behind.
  • This holding arrangement thus encompasses the heel, a first, inner side of the foot and the instep.
  • a loop formed at the end of a pulling element is fixed to the holding element in the upper end region. This loop runs along the second foot side to the heel counter, is guided around it and ends on the first foot side, after which the traction element is deflected towards the sole and from there runs over the front end region of the holding element to a drive arrangement.
  • the end of the traction element on this side is fixed to a drum which can be rotated by means of an electric motor.
  • the traction element When the traction element is wound onto the drum, the holding element is pulled against the heel counter in the area of the loop on the second foot side and the holding element is tensioned against the sole in the front end area.
  • the drum To release the traction element, the drum is rotated in the opposite direction.
  • an optimal adjustment of the holding element in the upper end area is only possible as a function of the front end area, so that the retraction of the holding element in the direction force required for the heel counter passed over the holding element in its front end region.
  • the forces acting on the foot are asymmetrical and the frictional relationships between the traction element, the heel counter and the holding element can lead to twisting of the holding arrangement.
  • a ski boot is disclosed in EP-AO 186 197, the shell of which consists of two halves which can be pulled together in a symmetrical manner with a pulling system.
  • a first traction element is shaped in its one end region to form a self-contained loop which encompasses the shell in the forefoot region.
  • a corresponding loop of a second pulling element engages around the shell in the instep area.
  • the two tension members are articulated on a common clamping arrangement. They are deflected in the area of the sole in such a way that both loops are tightened simultaneously when the traction members are tensioned.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a ski boot, the retaining element in the front. End area is tensioned against the sole and in the upper end area against the heel, the forces acting on the holding element symmetrically to the longitudinal direction of the shoe and the adaptation of the holding element to the foot in the upper end area is less dependent on the adjustment in the front end area.
  • the two partial loops are formed from a single closed loop, the drive arrangement divides this loop into the two partial loops and acts on the tension member between the two tell loops.
  • the length of the closed loop is adjustable, the adaptation of the holding element to any foot shape is made possible.
  • the two partial loops thus become a pulling part of the drive arrangement that the two partial loops are reduced or enlarged with each other.
  • the drive arrangement can be particularly simple in these embodiments.
  • the pulling part has a nut which is seated on a rotatably mounted spindle, which is preferably arranged in the sole, the axis of rotation of the spindle running essentially parallel to the sections of the partial loops.
  • the spindle can thus be driven by means of an electric motor or a rotary wheel which can be actuated from the outside of the shoe and which is operatively connected to the spindle by a flexible shaft.
  • the traction element runs in the region of the second partial loop from the upper end region of the holding element on both sides of the foot to a heel cap that encompasses the heel from behind and is guided to the drive arrangement, crossing in the region of the heel cap.
  • This form of training gives the foot a good grip, especially across the length of the shoe.
  • the heel counter can be elastically deflected in a direction essentially parallel to the sole and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the shoe, the heel counter is pressed laterally against the foot in the heel region, which further increases the grip.
  • the length of the closed loop can be adjusted particularly easily if the tension member is opened and fixed on one end to the holding element and the other is operatively connected to a length adjustment element arranged on the holding element.
  • a bracket whose distance to the holding element can be adjusted in a direction transverse to the sole, engages between the front and upper end region in a plane substantially transversely to the longitudinal direction of the shoe, and the pulling element is from the drive arrangement to guides in the end regions of the Bracket and from there towards the sole and to a deflection point and from this to the front end region of the holding element.
  • the force acting on the holding element is distributed over three areas, and on the other hand, in this embodiment, the traction element can form a closed loop, the length of which cannot be adjusted and, regardless of the anatomy of the foot, the holding element is always pulled against the instep with sufficient force can be.
  • a ski boot 10 assumed to be transparent is shown in perspective. It has a shaft 12, a sole 14 and a padded inner shoe 16 arranged in the interior of the shaft. The outlines of the shaft 12 and the inner shoe 16 are only partially indicated.
  • a holding element 18 which covers the inner shoe in the instep area, and in the heel area a heel cap 20 which acts on the inner shoe 16 and surrounds the heel from behind is arranged on the sole 14.
  • a stationary spindle 22 is rotatably mounted in the sole 14, the longitudinal axis 24 of which runs parallel to the longitudinal direction A of the shoe. With the spindle 22, the shaft of a servomotor 26 is rotatably connected.
  • the servomotor is by means of a switching element, not shown, with a battery or accumulator, also not shown, arranged in the shoe, for example in the sole, can be electrically connected.
  • a battery or accumulator also not shown, arranged in the shoe, for example in the sole, can be electrically connected.
  • On the spindle 22 sits a nut 28, which is displaceable in the sole 14 in the longitudinal direction A of the shoe in a manner not shown, but is mounted in a rotational manner.
  • a traction element 30 is guided inside the ski boot 10 in such a way that it forms two partial loops 32 and 34.
  • the first partial loop 32 overlaps the holding element 18 in its front end region 36, is guided on both sides of the forefoot to the sole 14, is deflected there and runs in the sole 14 approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction A of the shoe on both sides of the servomotor 16 and the nut 28 against the Heel region of the ski boot 10 is deflected there again in a manner not shown in this figure and runs parallel to the longitudinal direction A of the shoe 28 back to the nut 28.
  • the second partial loop 34 is guided around the holding element 18 in the upper end region 38 and runs on both sides of the foot, on the heel counter 20 laterally arranged guide elements 40.
  • the tension member 30 runs from each guide element 40 around the heel counter 20 to the other side of the ski boot 10 so that it crosses in the area of the heel counter 20, and runs from there approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction of the shoe A in the sole 14 to the mother 28.
  • the traction element 30 is deflected twice in the nut 28 by 180 °, as shown in dashed lines, so that in each case a section 42 of the first partial loop 32 which runs essentially parallel to the shoe longitudinal direction A to the nut 28 is connected to a respective corresponding section 44 of the second partial loop 34 is.
  • the traction element 30 consequently forms a single closed loop, which is guided in such a way that two partial loops 32, 34 are formed, which are enlarged or reduced at the same time by moving the nut 28 in the longitudinal direction A of the shoe.
  • the pulling element 30 is slidably guided in the nut 28.
  • the holding element 18 covers the instep area in a saddle shape and the heel cap 20, which can be deflected in the longitudinal direction A of the shoe, is fastened to a wedge 46 arranged in the sole 14.
  • the holding element 18 is gripped in a U-shaped manner between the front and upper end regions 36 and 38 by a bracket 48.
  • Guides 52 for the traction element 30 are arranged on the temple ends 50, which are directed downward on both sides of the holding element 18, in the longitudinal direction A of the shoe.
  • a set screw 54 is mounted, the free end of which is supported on the holding element 18.
  • the set screw 54 has a flat, large-area head, so that the screw can be turned easily by hand. With the adjusting screw 54, the distance transversely to the sole 14 between the bracket 48 and the holding element 18 can be adjusted.
  • the holding element 18 has an elastic tab 56 directed towards the shin, by means of which the holding element 18 is fixed to the shaft 12, not shown in FIG. 2.
  • the tension member 30 is mounted in the upper or front end region 38, 36 in guides formed on the holding element 18.
  • Similar guide elements 40 are formed on the heel cap 20, which can also be deflected elastically, also essentially in a direction parallel to the sole 14 and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the shoe A (cf. also FIG. 1).
  • a drive arrangement 58 is provided, which has the spindle 22, the servomotor 26 and the nut 28.
  • the wedge 46 there are recesses 60 for the tension member 30.
  • the traction element 30 also forms a first and a second partial loop 32 and 34, respectively.
  • the first partial loop 32 is guided in the guides mentioned above over the holding element 18 in the front end region 36, runs there to the wedge 36, is deflected in the recesses 60, is guided on both sides of the foot to the guides 52 in the bracket 48 and runs from there through further recesses 60 in an analogous manner, as described above and shown in FIG. 1, to the nut 28 of the drive arrangement 58.
  • the traction element 30 is redirected backwards, intersecting in the guide elements 40 around the heel cap 20 and from there on both sides of the foot to the upper end region 38 of the holding element 18.
  • the traction element 30 can also be in the Crossing wedge 46, each on the other side of the foot are guided and from there to the guides 52 in the bracket 48.
  • Getting into the ski boot and tightening the holding element 18 or the heel counter 20 proceeds as follows: In order to be able to get into the ski boot 10, the nut 28 is brought into the region of the rear end position by turning the spindle 22 by means of the servomotor 26. As a result, the tension member 30 is released and the two partial loops 32, 34 are enlarged. As a result of the enlargement of the partial loops 32 and 34, sufficient space has been created to be able to get into the ski boot 10 without problems. Now the spindle 22 is rotated in the opposite direction by means of the servomotor 26, so that the nut 28 is displaced in the longitudinal direction A of the shoe against the tip of the shoe.
  • the elastically deformable heel cap 20 becomes laterally in a direction essentially parallel to the sole 14 and transversely pressed against the heel to the longitudinal direction of the shoe, which results in a particularly good hold in the heel area.
  • the distance transversely to the sole 14 between the bracket 48 and the holding element 18 can be increased or decreased. If, with a low instep, the length of the spindle 22 is not sufficient to be able to tension the tension member 30 sufficiently, the distance between the bracket 48 and the holding element 18 can be increased, so that a sufficiently large tension in the tension member 30 is made possible. In the case of a high instep, however, the bracket 48 bears against the holding element 18. The adjustment of the bracket 48 with the adjusting screw 54 is only necessary once, since the stroke of the spindle 22 is large enough to get into the shoe or tighten the holding element 18 and the heel cap 20 with a fixed length of the pulling element 30 to enable.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show the drive arrangement 58 arranged in the wedge 46 in a top view and in a section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3.
  • the wedge 46 has a recess 62 which extends essentially in the longitudinal direction of the shoe A, in which the servomotor 26 is seated and the nut 28 is guided in a rotationally fixed manner but is displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the shoe A.
  • the spindle 22 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the shaft of the servomotor 26 and is rotatably mounted on the wedge 46 at its end region facing away from the servomotor 26, but is not displaceable in the longitudinal direction A of the shoe. In this end region, a stop 64 made of rubber sits on the spindle 22, which prevents the nut 28 from striking hard.
  • the nut 28 has two, substantially circular segment-shaped Grooves 65 in which the tension member 30 is guided.
  • deflection rollers 68 are rotatably mounted on both sides of this recess about axes perpendicular to the sole 14.
  • Further deflection rollers 70 are mounted to the side of the recess 62 in the area of the servomotor 26 so as to be rotatable about axes also perpendicular to the sole 14.
  • the traction element 30 of the first partial loop 34 runs from the heel counter 20 with its sections 44 approximately parallel to the shoe longitudinal direction A to the nut 28, is deflected there by 180 ° in the grooves 65 and runs from there with the sections 42 belonging to the first partial loop 32 the deflection rollers 68, which is guided around them, runs to the deflection rollers 70 and from there transversely to the shoe longitudinal direction A to the outside.
  • the tension member 30 is slidably mounted in the nut 28 so that a compensation of the size of the two partial loops 32 and 34 is possible.
  • limit switches can be provided in the area of the recess 62, which switch off the servomotor 26 as soon as the nut 28 has reached an end position on the spindle 22 so that the servomotor cannot be overloaded.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show the front end region 36 of a holding element 18 in a side view or along a section along the line VI-VI in FIG. 5.
  • This holding element 18 has a length setting element 72, with which the length of the pulling element 30 can be adjusted.
  • a bulge 74 of the holding element 18 projecting against the shaft 12 which is not shown in this figure, there is a worm wheel 76 about an axis parallel to the sole 14 and transversely to the longitudinal direction A of the shoe rotatably mounted.
  • the worm wheel 76 is operatively connected by means of a flexible transmission member 78 to a rotating member, not shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, with which the worm wheel can be rotated in both directions of rotation.
  • the tension member 30 see FIG.
  • a first traction element end 80 is fixed in the region of the bulge 74 on the holding element 18.
  • the second traction member end 82 has a band 84 with a toothing 86 directed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the band.
  • the band 84 abuts the holding element 18 and is guided through the opening 74 in the bulge 74.
  • the toothing 86 interacts with the worm wheel 76 and at the same time holds it in the bulge 74.
  • the band 84 is displaced in the direction of arrow B, which results in an enlargement or a reduction in the size of the loop consisting of the two partial loops 32 and 34.
  • the mode of operation of the length adjustment element 72 is similar to that of the bracket 48 in FIG. 2.
  • a short length of the spindle 22 is sufficient to get into the ski boot 10 enable and still pull the retaining element 18 and the heel cap 20 to the foot.
  • the spindle 22 can, for example, be operatively connected to a flexible shaft which is connected to a rotary wheel which can be operated from the outside of the shoe.
  • a rotary wheel can be arranged anywhere on the shaft 12. It is also possible to move a pulling part, which can be designed similarly to the nut 28, by means of a lever system which can be actuated from the outside of the shoe.
  • the pulling part can be connected to the piston of a piston-cylinder unit.
  • a pump and valve arrangement for controlling this piston-cylinder unit can be arranged on the shaft so that it can be operated from the outside of the shoe.
  • the second one Partial loop 34 is guided against the heel region by means of deflection members preferably arranged on the shaft 14 and are deflected from there to the drive arrangement 58.
  • the drive arrangement 58 with the servomotor 26, the spindle 22, the nut 28 and the deflection rollers 68, 70 can also be arranged in an insert which can be inserted into the wedge 46 or directly into the sole 14.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Chaussure de ski à empeigne (12) et semelle (14), pourvue d'un élément de maintien (18) disposé à l'intérieur de l'empeigne (12) et recouvrant à la manière d'une sellette le coup de pied, et d'un organe de traction (30) qui peut être mis sous tension et relâché de nouveau au moyen d'un dispositif de commande (58) et qui est guidé dans la zone d'extrémité avant (36) de l'élément de maintien (18) au-dessus de celui-ci, se poursuit en direction de la semelle (14) et agit dans la zone d'extrémité supérieure (38) de l'élément de maintien (18) sur ce dernier, en le tirant vers l'arrière, l'organe de traction (30) formant deux boucles (32, 34) reliées au dispositif de commande (58), la première (30) de ces boucles étant guidée dans la zone d'extrémité avant (36) au-dessus de l'élément de maintien (18) et la deuxième agissant sur l'élément de maintien (18) dans la zone d'extrémité supérieure (38), ces boucles pouvant être serrées et libérées simultanément au moyen du dispositif (58) de commande, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de traction (30) est retourné au moyen d'un élément (28) du dispositif de commande (58) déplaçable par rapport à celui-ci mobile dans un sens pour tendre et dans l'autre sens pour relacher, et cet organe de traction (30) est divisé par cet élément en deux boucles partielles (32, 34), et en ce que l'organe de traction (30) est également guidé dans la zone d'extrémité supérieure (38) de l'élément de maintien (18), au-dessus de celui-ci.
  2. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de traction (30) forme une boucle unique fermée, divisée par l'élément (28) pour former les deux boucles partielles (32, 34).
  3. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que la longueur active de l'organe de traction (30) fermé sur lui-même,est réglable.
  4. Chaussure de ski selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que des parties (42, 44) des boucles partielles (32, 34) sont guidées, dans la zone du dispositif de commande (58), de façon sensiblement parallèle entre elles et, de préférence, dans la direction longitudinale (A) de la chaussure, à l'élément (28) du dispositif (58) qui peut coulisser sensiblement en direction de ces parties (42, 44).
  5. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de traction (30) est inversé en sens au moins une fois, de préférence deux fois, sensiblement de 180° et en ce que les parties (42, 44), des boucles partielles (32, 34), qui s'écartent par paires de l'élément (28), constituent chacune une partie (42, 44) de la première et de la deuxième de ces boucles partielles (32, 34).
  6. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de traction (30) est guidé à coulissement dans l'élément (28).
  7. Chaussure de ski selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisée en ce que l'élément (28) comporte un écrou reposant sur une broche (22) logée à rotation, disposée de préférence dans la semelle (14), l'axe de rotation (24) de la broche (22) étant de tracé sensiblement parallèle aux parties (42, 44) des boucles partielles (32, 34) dans la zone du dispositif (58).
  8. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la broche (22) peut être entraînée au moyen d'un moteur électrique (26) ou au moyen d'une roue moletée, actionnable depuis le côté extérieur de la chaussure, reliée en fonctionnement à la broche au moyen d'un arbre flexible.
  9. Chaussure de ski selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisée en ce que l'élément (28) peut être déplacé au moyen d'un système de levier, actionnable depuis le côté extérieur de la chaussure.
  10. Chaussure de ski selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de traction (30) présente, dans la zone de la deuxième boucle partielle (34), un tracé allant de la zone supérieure (38) de l'élément de maintien (18) sur les deux côtés du pied vers un contrefort (20) de talon qui entoure de l'arrière ce talon et est guidé dans la zone du contrefort (40) de manière croisée vers le dispositif (58).
  11. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le contrefort (20) peut être dévié élastiquement dans une direction sensiblement parallèle à la semelle (14) et transversale à la direction longitudinale (A) de la chaussure, et présente de préférence des éléments de guidage (40) pour l'organe de traction (30).
  12. Chaussure de ski selon l'une des revendications 10 ou 11, caractérisée en ce que le contrefort (20) peut être dévié élastiquement dans la direction longitudinale (A) de la chaussure.
  13. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que l'organe de traction (30) constituant la boucle fermée est de préférence séparé dans la zone de la première boucle partielle (32), est fixé à l'une de ses extrémités (80) à l'élément de maintien (18) et est relié fonctionnellement, à son autre extrémité (82), à un élément de réglage de longueur (72),disposé sur l'élément de maintien (18).
  14. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de réglage (72) de longueur comporte une roue à denture hélicoïdale (76), logée à rotation sensiblement autour d'un axe parallèle à la semelle (14) et transversale à la direction longitudinale (A), qui agit par une denture (86) sur une bande (84) fixée à l'organe (30) de traction.
  15. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que la roue à denture hélicoïdale (76) est reliée fonctionnellement à un organe de rotation ou peut l'être, de préférence au moyen d'un organe de transfert flexible (78).
  16. Chaussure de ski selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce qu'un étrier (48), dont la distance à l'élément de maintien (18) est réglable dans une direction transversale à la semelle (14), chevauche cet élément de maintien (18) entre la partie d'extrémité avant et la partie d'extrémité supérieure (36, 38) dans un plan sensiblement transversal à la direction longitudinale (A) de la chaussure, l'organe de traction (30) étant guidé depuis le dispositif (58) vers des guidages (52) dans les zones d'extrémité (50) de l'étrier (48) et de là en direction de la semelle (14) et vers un emplacement d'inversion de sens, et à partir de celui-ci, auteur de la zone d'extrémité avant (36) de l'élément de maintien (18).
EP88119452A 1987-12-22 1988-11-23 Chaussure de ski Expired - Lifetime EP0321714B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88119452T ATE100288T1 (de) 1987-12-22 1988-11-23 Skischuh.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4989/87A CH674124A5 (fr) 1987-12-22 1987-12-22
CH4989/87 1987-12-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0321714A2 EP0321714A2 (fr) 1989-06-28
EP0321714A3 EP0321714A3 (fr) 1991-01-09
EP0321714B1 true EP0321714B1 (fr) 1994-01-19

Family

ID=4286018

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88119452A Expired - Lifetime EP0321714B1 (fr) 1987-12-22 1988-11-23 Chaussure de ski

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4922634A (fr)
EP (1) EP0321714B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01204602A (fr)
AT (1) ATE100288T1 (fr)
CH (1) CH674124A5 (fr)
DE (1) DE3887305D1 (fr)

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Also Published As

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DE3887305D1 (de) 1994-03-03
EP0321714A2 (fr) 1989-06-28
JPH0562521B2 (fr) 1993-09-08
US4922634A (en) 1990-05-08
EP0321714A3 (fr) 1991-01-09
CH674124A5 (fr) 1990-05-15
ATE100288T1 (de) 1994-02-15
JPH01204602A (ja) 1989-08-17

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