EP0316759A1 - Distributeur pour produits pâteux - Google Patents

Distributeur pour produits pâteux Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0316759A1
EP0316759A1 EP88118715A EP88118715A EP0316759A1 EP 0316759 A1 EP0316759 A1 EP 0316759A1 EP 88118715 A EP88118715 A EP 88118715A EP 88118715 A EP88118715 A EP 88118715A EP 0316759 A1 EP0316759 A1 EP 0316759A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
collar
valve
actuating handle
dispenser according
dispenser
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88118715A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0316759B1 (fr
Inventor
Albert Stöffler
Josef Hilgefort
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Bramlage GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA, Bramlage GmbH filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority to AT88118715T priority Critical patent/ATE63880T1/de
Publication of EP0316759A1 publication Critical patent/EP0316759A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0316759B1 publication Critical patent/EP0316759B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/0005—Components or details
    • B05B11/0062—Outlet valves actuated by the pressure of the fluid to be sprayed
    • B05B11/0072—A valve member forming part of an outlet opening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1028—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/02—Membranes or pistons acting on the contents inside the container, e.g. follower pistons
    • B05B11/028—Pistons separating the content remaining in the container from the atmospheric air to compensate underpressure inside the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
    • B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
    • B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
    • B05B11/1028—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall
    • B05B11/1036—Pumps having a pumping chamber with a deformable wall the outlet valve being opened in the direction opposite to the fluid flow downstream the outlet valve by the pressure acting on a valve controlling element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a dispenser for pasty masses, with a housing which has a piston which can only be displaced in the emptying direction and an external actuating handle by means of which a pump element which can be compressed in the direction of the piston can be acted on, the pump element having an inlet and an outlet valve, and that Output valve is arranged in the actuating handle, and wherein the output valve is further spring-loaded in its closed position by means of molded spring elements projecting into the interior of the dispenser.
  • the outlet valve is located in an inward extension of the actuating handle.
  • the outlet opening of the relevant pump element located above the outlet valve is closed by a special plug.
  • the latter is molded onto a hinged lid mounted on the edge.
  • a component of the pump element is also a piston mounted in a cylinder forming the pump chamber.
  • the plug closure explained generally leads to displacement of the pasty mass remaining in the outlet opening, which then spreads out between the top of the handle and the underside of the closing cover. For aesthetic reasons, this is usually met with reservations. If, on the other hand, the closure is forgotten, there is a risk of thickening or drying out of the residual mass on the output side.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a generic dispenser in a technically simple, advantageous manner in terms of use, in which the outlet opening is always automatically closed again after actuation, as it were.
  • a generic dispenser of increased utility value is achieved: a special stopper including the associated carrier is dispensable.
  • the outlet valve closes the outlet opening itself.
  • the structural means are simple and surprisingly inexpensive in terms of assembly technology. Specifically, the procedure is such that the spring elements are designed as spring struts which are supported on a collar of the actuating handle and are free-formed directly on the valve plate. In this way, the actuating handle can be pre-assembled and thus the dispenser mechanism can be easily incorporated.
  • the struts support themselves on the operating handle. Their position is precisely defined or cannot be impaired despite protruding into the pump element.
  • the outlet valve It is advantageous for the emplacement of the outlet valve overall that its valve disk sits in a cone that opens outwards and is fitted into the valve opening. To insert the valve plate, therefore, only the struts need to be bundled and inserted through the valve opening. In order to obtain a satisfactory amount of elongation with respect to the strut, the procedure is further such that the strut is initially designed to run parallel to a central axis of the dispenser and is then supported on the collar by kinking. Both for protected storage of the relatively sensitive spring body as well as for a compact design of the pump element, it proves to be advantageous that the rebound length of the strut is arranged within the collar.
  • the collar thus has another function; it not only serves as a flow bridge for the medium to be dispensed, but also forms a spring chamber.
  • the strut hooks overlap an end region of the collar. This leads to a particularly secure positioning of the spring / valve body.
  • the actuating handle is essentially concave to form a strike-out area. There is even a kind of drip tray for more fluid media, with the periphery, which is higher on all sides, remaining as a non-wetted actuation area. With regard to a completely free spreading of the released pasty mass or the like, it is useful that the valve plate is fitted on the outside in the closed position in the actuating handle at the same level.
  • the collar of the actuating handle is a guide collar, guided in a bellows of the pump element having an outer collar. What is meant is not a sliding guide, but a push-on guide, i.e. plug-in assignment.
  • the bellows which is rooted peripherally on the outer collar, is thus securely connected.
  • the invention proposes that the collar of the actuating handle ends at a distance from the lower edge of the outer collar and that the struts find contact in the resulting step. In this way, even the anchoring zones of the struts are stored protected. There is also a defined peripheral support for these ends.
  • the bellows is essentially dome-shaped and interacts via sealing areas with a cover of the housing carrying the inlet valve.
  • the ceiling it can be an additional component or a direct request tion, the end of the housing facing away from the actuating handle would then of course have to be kept open for inserting the piston, this also for reasons of filling technology.
  • the dome-shaped shape contributes to the desired compact design.
  • sealing technology it is favorable that at least one of the sealing areas surrounds the bellows radially on the outside.
  • the invention also proposes that the diameter of the inlet valve substantially corresponds to the diameter of the outer collar and is aligned with the outer collar, and that the distance from the underside to the inlet valve corresponds to approximately one third to half the diameter of the inlet valve.
  • the corresponding measure leads to a controlled expenditure. With an extreme axial stroke, the outer collar closes against the dispensing valve.
  • the cylindrical housing 1 of the dispenser contains a piston 2.
  • the latter is pot-shaped.
  • the opening-side pot half forms an upward wiping lip 2 'on the casing side and a guide rib 2' in the vicinity of the pot edge. Wiping lip 2 'and guide rib 2' lead to the cylindrical housing inner wall 1 '.
  • the housing 1 is realized as a crucible or pot open at the top. Whose pot bottom 3 forms a peripheral base 3 '. Centrally located, the pot bottom 3 has an opening 4 for air balance in the use phase only upwards, d. H. piston displacement taking place in the direction of arrow x. Of course, the opening 4 has the corresponding meaning even when the sealing piston 2 is countersunk into the cup-shaped housing 1.
  • the dispenser head K containing the dispensing mechanism.
  • a pump element consisting of a flexible bellows 5, which extends over a pump chamber 6 like a dome and is fastened in the ceiling 7 of the dispenser.
  • the blanket 7 consists of an insert 8.
  • An input valve V1 and an output valve V2 are also part of the pump element.
  • the input valve V1 sits in the central region 7 'of the ceiling 7. This central region is slightly lowered towards the rest of the peripheral ring portion of the ceiling 7 in the direction of the storage chamber 9 formed by the housing 1 and containing the pasty mass M. This results in a defined trough for the cylindrical, tapered wall area 10 of the bellows 5. Beyond the lowering area, the transition point between the central area 7 'and the peripheral remaining area forms an annular groove 11. Inserted into this, the wall area 10 practically provides a double-sided seal , ie outside and inside. The outer sealing area continues up to the level of the bulging zone of the bellows 5. It is an annular wall 12.
  • Ring rib 14 has a triangular cross section.
  • One cross-sectional side is rooted in the lateral surface of the wall area 10, which wall area continues in the same direction upwards beyond the arching area of the dome there.
  • the corresponding accumulation of material leads to a substantial stabilization of the anchorage.
  • the flank of the annular rib 14 lying in the direction of insertion of the bellows is somewhat flatter than the rear flank, so that the latching of the bellows 5 on the ceiling 7 is facilitated, but on the other hand in the connected state there is an almost undetachable positioning.
  • the input valve V1 designed as a check valve is a valve flap 15, which is connected via a lateral film hinge 16 to the ceiling 7 or the central region 7 '.
  • the valve seat is on the top of said middle section 7 '.
  • the bellows 5, which can be compressed in the direction of the piston 2, is connected to an external actuating handle P. It is a plate-shaped base body with angled-down edge 16, which runs into the uniformly concave trough via a rotationally symmetrical transverse rounding 17. This troughed area forms a spreading area 18 for the pasty mass M which can be dispensed in the center.
  • the center forms an outlet opening which is kept closed by the valve plate 20 of the outlet valve V2 in the basic position of the dispenser.
  • the outlet opening 19 receiving the valve plate 20 is realized as an outwardly opening hollow cone, that is to say the valve plate 20 is fitted into the outlet opening 19 or valve opening.
  • the valve plate 20 completely fills the opening. It slightly projects beyond the underside of the actuating handle B formed by a relatively thin wall. On the outside or on the top, on the other hand, there remains a level alignment with the spreading surface 18.
  • the over the annular gap between the valve plate 20 and the pasty mass exiting the valve seat surface forming valve opening 19 can be removed as from a smooth plate.
  • the valve plate 20 of the output valve V2 is held in its basic position suitable for closing by means of spring elements.
  • the struts are 21.
  • the last roots are on the underside of the valve plate 20. They are formed on the free-standing plate directly, in the vicinity of the edge.
  • the struts 21 are supported on a collar 22.
  • This collar 22 is rooted on the underside of the actuating handle B. It is realized as a cylindrical ring wall running concentrically with the outlet opening 19 forming the valve seat or the longitudinal center axis x-x of the dispenser.
  • the axial support surface forms the free end 22 'of the collar 22 on which the free end 21' of the strut 21, which is angled outwards perpendicularly to the longitudinal center axis xx, is supported.
  • a type of undercut claw can also be realized.
  • the struts 21 are then transferred into the section running parallel to the longitudinal central axis xx in a bevel converging towards the center.
  • the corresponding kink brings the resilient stock of elongation. Since the corresponding rebound length of the strut is accommodated within the collar 22, this also has the function of a spring chamber in addition to being a cable bridge for the pasty mass M.
  • the latter has an outer collar 23, which overlaps the collar 22, which acts practically as a guide collar, in a friction-locking manner.
  • the outer collar 23 protrudes with two thirds of its length into the interior of the pump chamber 6 and with about a third of its length beyond the dome-shaped wall in the direction of the underside of the actuating handle B, on which underside it is supported.
  • the inverse end of the outer collar 23 projects slightly beyond the corresponding end of the collar 22, in other words, the collar 22 of the actuating handle B ends at an axial distance from the lower edge of the outer collar 23.
  • the diameter of the inlet valve V1 is essentially adapted to the diameter of the outer collar 23.
  • the outer collar is practically aligned with the outline of the corresponding valve flap 15.
  • the distance from the underside of the collar to the valve flap 15 corresponds to approximately one third to half the diameter of the inlet valve V1. So there is a compact structure.
  • a force in the direction of arrow P can be exerted on any edge zone of the plate-shaped actuation handle B.
  • Extreme lateral displacements are prevented by forming a stand-up collar 24.
  • the latter starts from the top of the ceiling 7 at a distance from the edge. It extends concentrically to the longitudinal central axis xx and is partially overlapped in the basic position by the downwardly drawn, also cylindrical rim 16 of the actuating handle B. Between the inner wall of this rim 16 and the jacket wall of the standing collar 24, an annular gap is left, so that tilting movements of the actuating handle are not permitted jamming.
  • the actuation limiting stop is formed by the ring section of the cover 7 of the insert 8 that remains beyond the standing collar 24.
  • the actuating handle B is overlaid by a protective cap 25 which is simply pushed onto the cover-shaped insert 8 or, as the left-hand cut half of FIG. 3 illustrates, is assigned by way of the screw connection.
  • the thread engagement bears the reference number 26.
  • a snap connection 27 is selected between the two parts.
  • the push-in limit stop is taken over by an annular collar 28 formed on the outside of the jacket wall of the pot-shaped insert 8, which strikes the corresponding front end of the housing 1 with its underside flank and offers the push-on stop for the protective cap 25 with its top flank.
  • the pot wall section located there above the annular collar 28 is offset inwards, so that all dispenser-forming parts are aligned in the same plane throughout.
  • the end face of the cup-shaped piston 2 facing the pump element has a corresponding dispenser head Corresponding negative contouring, so that a residue-free output of the pasty mass M is achieved.
  • the function of the donor is as follows:
  • the bellows 5 By pressing the actuating handle B in the direction of arrow P, the bellows 5 is compressed, reducing the volume of the pump chamber 6.
  • the portion of pasty mass located in the pump chamber emerges from the outlet opening 19 when the outlet valve V2 is opened and is deposited on the edge zone of this opening in the center of the trough-shaped stripping surface 18.
  • the collar 22 connected to the pump chamber 6 functions here as a line bridge.
  • the input valve V1 designed as a check valve remains closed due to the excess pressure in the pump chamber 6.
  • the spring struts 21 pull the valve disk 20 back into its basic closing position which completely fills the outlet opening 19.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Containers And Packaging Bodies Having A Special Means To Remove Contents (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Branching, Merging, And Special Transfer Between Conveyors (AREA)
  • Discharge By Other Means (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
EP88118715A 1987-11-13 1988-11-10 Distributeur pour produits pâteux Expired - Lifetime EP0316759B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88118715T ATE63880T1 (de) 1987-11-13 1988-11-10 Spender fuer pastoese massen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3738548 1987-11-13
DE19873738548 DE3738548A1 (de) 1987-11-13 1987-11-13 Spender fuer pastoese massen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0316759A1 true EP0316759A1 (fr) 1989-05-24
EP0316759B1 EP0316759B1 (fr) 1991-05-29

Family

ID=6340414

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88118715A Expired - Lifetime EP0316759B1 (fr) 1987-11-13 1988-11-10 Distributeur pour produits pâteux

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4913322A (fr)
EP (1) EP0316759B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01153477A (fr)
AT (1) ATE63880T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3738548A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2022576B3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3002037T3 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2671330A1 (fr) * 1991-01-08 1992-07-10 Valois Distributeur manuel portatif a pompe pour creme et cosmetique.
DE20201742U1 (de) * 2002-02-05 2003-03-20 Rpc Wiko Gmbh & Co Kg Spender für fließfähige Produkte
EP1939111A1 (fr) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-02 Gérard Sannier Distributeur de gél
WO2009141510A1 (fr) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-26 Sannier Gerard Distributeur de gel

Families Citing this family (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5052592A (en) * 1989-08-14 1991-10-01 Bramlage Gesellschaft Mit Beschrankter Haftung Dispenser for paste compositions
ATE116575T1 (de) * 1990-04-09 1995-01-15 Lir France Sa Pumpvorrichtung für ein fliessfähiges, insbesondere pastöses und/oder flüssiges produkt und spender mit einer solchen pumpvorrichtung.
EP0599301B1 (fr) * 1992-11-24 1997-03-12 Coster Tecnologie Speciali S.P.A. Dispositif pour la distribution dosée d'un produit fluide contenu dans un récipient
IT1256628B (it) * 1992-12-04 1995-12-12 Distributore di sostanze fluide, con testa deformabile
US6116803A (en) * 1996-04-10 2000-09-12 The Plastek Group Dispenser
DE20203882U1 (de) * 2002-03-11 2003-04-17 Rpc Wiko Gmbh & Co Kg Spender zur Applikation fließfähiger Produkte
US20060048841A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2006-03-09 Gfi Innovations, Llc Methodology and apparatus for storing and dispensing liquid components to create custom formulations
JP2005021826A (ja) * 2003-07-03 2005-01-27 Katsutoshi Masuda ピストンおよびこのピストンを使用した流動体容器
GB0603416D0 (en) * 2006-02-20 2006-03-29 Rieke Corp Dispensers e.g. for cosmetics
FR2900643B1 (fr) * 2006-05-05 2008-10-10 Airlessystems Soc Par Actions Organe de distribution de produit fluide et distributeur comprenant un tel organe de distribution
ITRM20080263A1 (it) * 2008-05-16 2009-11-17 Emsar Spa Erogatore di prodotti fluidi.
KR101028988B1 (ko) * 2009-03-31 2011-04-12 주식회사 탭코리아 에어리스 펌프를 가지는 크림화장품용기
US8631975B2 (en) * 2011-04-25 2014-01-21 Toly Korea, Inc. Airless pump and cosmetic container having the same
US20130074982A1 (en) * 2011-09-28 2013-03-28 Gfi Innovations, Inc. Methodology and Apparatus for Storing and Dispensing Liquid Components to Create Custom Formulations
DE102013214231B3 (de) 2013-07-19 2014-11-06 Aptar Radolfzell Gmbh Austragkopf und Spender für ein vorzugsweise pastöses Medium
KR200476949Y1 (ko) * 2013-08-22 2015-04-20 펌텍코리아 (주) 두 가지 내용물을 보관, 배출할 수 있는 화장품용기
KR101453048B1 (ko) * 2013-12-12 2014-10-23 (주)연우 크림타입 화장품 용기
USD786692S1 (en) * 2014-10-13 2017-05-16 Yonwoo Co., Ltd. Cosmetic container
WO2016130069A1 (fr) * 2015-02-12 2016-08-18 Bosign Ab Dispositif de distribution de liquide
GB201518910D0 (en) * 2015-10-26 2015-12-09 Rieke Packaging Systems Ltd Dispensers
FR3052446B1 (fr) * 2016-06-10 2018-07-13 Karine Courtin Dispositif de distribution de produit fluide
FR3072311A1 (fr) * 2017-10-12 2019-04-19 Promens Sa Dispositif de distribution de produits liquides a pateux avec dispositif de fermeture formant un module
USD938829S1 (en) * 2018-05-02 2021-12-21 Medisca Pharmaceutique Inc. Dispensing container
DE102019132343A1 (de) * 2019-01-29 2020-07-30 Rpc Bramlage Gmbh Spender zur Ausgabe von fließfähigen, beispielsweise flüssigen oder pastösen Massen
CN114521185A (zh) * 2019-07-23 2022-05-20 里克包装系统有限公司 具有内部塞件密封的全聚合物泵分配器

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3754690A (en) * 1970-11-18 1973-08-28 Ethyl Dev Corp Flexible container with dispensing cap
FR2581370A1 (fr) * 1985-05-06 1986-11-07 Cebal Distributeur pour produits pateux
DE3616152A1 (de) * 1986-05-14 1987-11-19 Mega Prod Verpack Marketing Fluessigkeits-applikator

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3087656A (en) * 1961-03-31 1963-04-30 Dougherty Brothers Inc Squeeze cap for dispensing liquid in drop units
US4230240A (en) * 1979-07-17 1980-10-28 Laauwe Robert H Dispensing valve particularly for viscous products and having a dome-shaped applicator
DE3035742A1 (de) * 1980-09-22 1982-05-13 Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf Klappenventil

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3754690A (en) * 1970-11-18 1973-08-28 Ethyl Dev Corp Flexible container with dispensing cap
FR2581370A1 (fr) * 1985-05-06 1986-11-07 Cebal Distributeur pour produits pateux
DE3616152A1 (de) * 1986-05-14 1987-11-19 Mega Prod Verpack Marketing Fluessigkeits-applikator

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2671330A1 (fr) * 1991-01-08 1992-07-10 Valois Distributeur manuel portatif a pompe pour creme et cosmetique.
DE20201742U1 (de) * 2002-02-05 2003-03-20 Rpc Wiko Gmbh & Co Kg Spender für fließfähige Produkte
US7028865B2 (en) 2002-02-05 2006-04-18 Rpc Wiko Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispenser for flowable products
EP1939111A1 (fr) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-02 Gérard Sannier Distributeur de gél
FR2910885A1 (fr) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-04 Gerard Sannier Distributeur de gel
WO2009141510A1 (fr) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-26 Sannier Gerard Distributeur de gel
CN102099262B (zh) * 2008-05-20 2013-03-27 G·桑尼尔 凝胶分配器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2022576B3 (es) 1991-12-01
JPH01153477A (ja) 1989-06-15
US4913322A (en) 1990-04-03
EP0316759B1 (fr) 1991-05-29
GR3002037T3 (en) 1992-12-30
ATE63880T1 (de) 1991-06-15
DE3738548A1 (de) 1989-05-24
DE3863058D1 (de) 1991-07-04

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