EP0313484A1 - Wolfram-Nickel-Eisen-Schwermetallegierungen mit sehr hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Legierungen - Google Patents

Wolfram-Nickel-Eisen-Schwermetallegierungen mit sehr hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Legierungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0313484A1
EP0313484A1 EP88420358A EP88420358A EP0313484A1 EP 0313484 A1 EP0313484 A1 EP 0313484A1 EP 88420358 A EP88420358 A EP 88420358A EP 88420358 A EP88420358 A EP 88420358A EP 0313484 A1 EP0313484 A1 EP 0313484A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
phase
alloys
tungsten
compacts
cycles
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Granted
Application number
EP88420358A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0313484B1 (de
Inventor
Guy Nicolas
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Cime Bocuze SA
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Cime Bocuze SA
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Application filed by Cime Bocuze SA filed Critical Cime Bocuze SA
Priority to AT88420358T priority Critical patent/ATE73174T1/de
Publication of EP0313484A1 publication Critical patent/EP0313484A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to heavy tungsten-nickel-iron alloys with very high mechanical characteristics and to a process for manufacturing said alloys.
  • the subject of the present invention is heavy alloys with a density of between 15.6 and 18 containing by weight between 80 and 99% of tungsten, as well as nickel and iron in a Ni / Fe weight ratio greater than or equal to 1.5. and possibly other elements such as molybdenum, titanium, aluminum, manganese, cobalt, rhenium, which have very high mechanical characteristics and in particular a breaking strength of up to 2000 MPa for a at least 1% elongation.
  • these heavy alloys are characterized in that they have a structure where the ⁇ phase of tungsten has the form of butterfly wings with dislocation cells of dimensions between 0.01 and 1 ⁇ m and the phase ⁇ of the binder has an average free path of less than 15 ⁇ m.
  • nickel-iron tungsten alloys have a structure formed of pure tungsten nodules more or less spherodized during sintering constituting the ⁇ phase, these nodules being surrounded by a ⁇ phase composed of the three elements of the alloy which acts as a binder between said nodules.
  • the Applicant has found that to develop very high mechanical characteristics, the tungsten alloys had to have a particular structure.
  • free mean path here is meant the average of the distances which in a given direction separates two successive zones of phase ⁇ .
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing alloys having such a structure and in which the value of the desired mechanical characteristics can be adjusted at will and in particular reaching a tensile strength close to 2000 MPa.
  • This process includes the steps already known and consisting in: - use powders of each element of the alloy, each of them having a FISHER diameter of between 1 and 15 ⁇ m - mixing said powders in proportions corresponding to the composition of the desired alloy - compressing said powders in the form of compacts - sinter the compacts between 1490 and 1650 ° C for 2 to 5 hours - treat the sintered compacts under vacuum between 1000 and 1300 ° C - subject the compacts thus obtained to at least one wrought pass.
  • the invention consists of a succession of cycles which are all the more numerous when it is desired to reach structures corresponding to the highest values of the mechanical characteristics.
  • three cycles make it possible to reach a breaking strength of between 1400 and 1450 MPa, while at the end of four cycles, it is close to values of 1850 MPa.
  • Each of these cycles comprises in order a step of wrought-out carried out by hammering, for example, so as to develop a certain reduction rate of surface of the sintered compact between 10 and 50% followed by an annealing treatment by passage in an oven heated to a temperature below 1300 ° C under an inert atmosphere for 4 to 20 hours.
  • the wrought rates are lower and the temperatures higher than during the cycles later.
  • the suitable degree of wrought work is achieved by making at least two successive passes in the hammer hammer, for example, before carrying out the heat treatment.
  • FIG. 1 the nodular structure of the ⁇ phase of tungsten and the ⁇ phase of binder, the mean free path of which is close to 20 ⁇ m, are observed in white.
  • Figure 2 we see the formation of butterfly wings while the mean free path drops to around 10 to 14 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 3 the trend observed in FIG. 2 is accentuated and the mean free path is in the range 3 to 7 ⁇ m.
  • FIG. 4 the rupture of the alloy is essentially internodular and cupular at the level of the ⁇ phase.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 corresponding to test pieces with characteristics superior to those of FIG. 4, it can be seen that the global rupture mode becomes transnodular with rare internodular rupture initiations.
  • FIG. 7 At the level of the microstructure of the ⁇ phase, states of substructures are developed.
  • FIG. 7 there is a restoration structure with rearranged cells of size 0.4 to 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • Figure 8 we observe the polygonized step, step necessary for the transition to the highest characteristics.
  • Figure 9 we see a typical structure of the highest characteristics with development of dislocation microcells from 0.05 to 0.01 ⁇ m.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
EP88420358A 1987-10-23 1988-10-20 Wolfram-Nickel-Eisen-Schwermetallegierungen mit sehr hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Legierungen Expired - Lifetime EP0313484B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88420358T ATE73174T1 (de) 1987-10-23 1988-10-20 Wolfram-nickel-eisen-schwermetallegierungen mit sehr hohen mechanischen eigenschaften und verfahren zur herstellung dieser legierungen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8715315A FR2622209B1 (fr) 1987-10-23 1987-10-23 Alliages lourds de tungstene-nickel-fer a tres hautes caracteristiques mecaniques et procede de fabrication desdits alliages
FR8715315 1987-10-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0313484A1 true EP0313484A1 (de) 1989-04-26
EP0313484B1 EP0313484B1 (de) 1992-03-04

Family

ID=9356493

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88420358A Expired - Lifetime EP0313484B1 (de) 1987-10-23 1988-10-20 Wolfram-Nickel-Eisen-Schwermetallegierungen mit sehr hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften und Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Legierungen

Country Status (21)

Country Link
US (2) US4938799A (de)
EP (1) EP0313484B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01142048A (de)
KR (1) KR950008693B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1019318B (de)
AT (1) ATE73174T1 (de)
AU (1) AU606759B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8805467A (de)
CA (1) CA1340011C (de)
DE (1) DE3868843D1 (de)
DK (1) DK587288A (de)
EG (1) EG19412A (de)
ES (1) ES2032336T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2622209B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3003967T3 (de)
IL (1) IL88062A (de)
IN (1) IN171726B (de)
PT (1) PT88821B (de)
SG (1) SG73092G (de)
YU (1) YU47632B (de)
ZA (1) ZA887893B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0396185A1 (de) * 1989-05-03 1990-11-07 Metallwerk Plansee Gesellschaft M.B.H. Verfahren zur Herstellung von warmkriechfesten Halbfabrikaten oder Formteilen aus hochschmelzendem Metall
US5462576A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-10-31 Nwm De Kruithoorn B.V. Heavy metal alloy and method for its production
EP2372296A1 (de) 2010-03-30 2011-10-05 Nexter Munitions Wuchtgeschoss
EP2372295A1 (de) 2010-03-30 2011-10-05 Nexter Munitions Wuchtgeschoss mit Stufenprofil

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US4986961A (en) * 1988-01-04 1991-01-22 Gte Products Corporation Fine grain tungsten heavy alloys containing additives
FR2633205B1 (fr) * 1988-06-22 1992-04-30 Cime Bocuze Procede de mise en forme directe et d'optimisation des caracteristiques mecaniques de projectiles perforants en alliage de tungstene a haute densite
US5603073A (en) * 1991-04-16 1997-02-11 Southwest Research Institute Heavy alloy based on tungsten-nickel-manganese
US5527376A (en) * 1994-10-18 1996-06-18 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Composite shot
US5713981A (en) * 1992-05-05 1998-02-03 Teledyne Industries, Inc. Composite shot
US5760317A (en) * 1995-10-27 1998-06-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Flow softening tungsten based composites
CN1061698C (zh) * 1997-06-10 2001-02-07 郭庆虎 钨镍铁系高比重合金及其制法
KR100255356B1 (ko) * 1997-08-12 2000-05-01 최동환 텅스텐기 소결합금의 열처리방법
US6136105A (en) * 1998-06-12 2000-10-24 Lockheed Martin Corporation Process for imparting high strength, ductility, and toughness to tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) materials
US6270549B1 (en) 1998-09-04 2001-08-07 Darryl Dean Amick Ductile, high-density, non-toxic shot and other articles and method for producing same
US7267794B2 (en) * 1998-09-04 2007-09-11 Amick Darryl D Ductile medium-and high-density, non-toxic shot and other articles and method for producing the same
US6527880B2 (en) 1998-09-04 2003-03-04 Darryl D. Amick Ductile medium-and high-density, non-toxic shot and other articles and method for producing the same
US6464433B1 (en) * 1998-12-10 2002-10-15 Kennametal Pc Inc. Elongate support member and method of making the same
US6248150B1 (en) 1999-07-20 2001-06-19 Darryl Dean Amick Method for manufacturing tungsten-based materials and articles by mechanical alloying
US6447715B1 (en) * 2000-01-14 2002-09-10 Darryl D. Amick Methods for producing medium-density articles from high-density tungsten alloys
CA2334552C (en) * 2000-02-07 2007-04-24 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. High performance powdered metal mixtures for shaped charge liners
KR100363395B1 (ko) * 2000-04-17 2002-12-02 국방과학연구소 기계적 합금화와 이단계 급속소결에 의한 초미세결정립텅스텐 중합금의 제조방법
KR100390173B1 (ko) * 2000-12-28 2003-07-10 주식회사 래피더스 내환경성이 우수한 고연성 텅스텐 중합금의 제조방법
US7217389B2 (en) * 2001-01-09 2007-05-15 Amick Darryl D Tungsten-containing articles and methods for forming the same
FR2830022B1 (fr) * 2001-09-26 2004-08-27 Cime Bocuze Alliage base tungstene fritte a haute puissance
US6749802B2 (en) 2002-01-30 2004-06-15 Darryl D. Amick Pressing process for tungsten articles
WO2003064961A1 (en) * 2002-01-30 2003-08-07 Amick Darryl D Tungsten-containing articles and methods for forming the same
KR100467393B1 (ko) * 2002-07-13 2005-01-24 주식회사 풍산 파편확산 관통형 텅스텐 중합금 관통자 소재 및 그 제조방법
US7000547B2 (en) 2002-10-31 2006-02-21 Amick Darryl D Tungsten-containing firearm slug
US7059233B2 (en) * 2002-10-31 2006-06-13 Amick Darryl D Tungsten-containing articles and methods for forming the same
US7383776B2 (en) * 2003-04-11 2008-06-10 Amick Darryl D System and method for processing ferrotungsten and other tungsten alloys, articles formed therefrom and methods for detecting the same
US7422720B1 (en) 2004-05-10 2008-09-09 Spherical Precision, Inc. High density nontoxic projectiles and other articles, and methods for making the same
US20100034686A1 (en) * 2005-01-28 2010-02-11 Caldera Engineering, Llc Method for making a non-toxic dense material
US8122832B1 (en) 2006-05-11 2012-02-28 Spherical Precision, Inc. Projectiles for shotgun shells and the like, and methods of manufacturing the same
US20140308536A1 (en) * 2011-12-07 2014-10-16 A.L.M.T. Corp Sintered tungsten alloy
US9046328B2 (en) 2011-12-08 2015-06-02 Environ-Metal, Inc. Shot shells with performance-enhancing absorbers
FR3039266B1 (fr) * 2015-07-22 2017-09-01 Cime Bocuze Penetrateur comportant un coeur entoure d'une gaine ductile et procede de fabrication d'un tel penetrateur
CN105154700A (zh) * 2015-09-24 2015-12-16 瑞声精密制造科技(常州)有限公司 高比重钨合金的烧结工艺
US10260850B2 (en) 2016-03-18 2019-04-16 Environ-Metal, Inc. Frangible firearm projectiles, methods for forming the same, and firearm cartridges containing the same
US10690465B2 (en) 2016-03-18 2020-06-23 Environ-Metal, Inc. Frangible firearm projectiles, methods for forming the same, and firearm cartridges containing the same
CN107058841B (zh) * 2017-06-29 2018-12-21 浙江创特新材科技有限公司 一种高机械强度钨合金材料及其制备方法
CN109518054A (zh) * 2019-01-15 2019-03-26 株洲市美力迪实业有限公司 一种拉刀材料及其制备方法和拉刀

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1558821A1 (de) * 1967-03-25 1970-06-04 Hermsdorf Keramik Veb Verfahren zur Herstellung von duktilem Halbzeug
US3979234A (en) * 1975-09-18 1976-09-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Process for fabricating articles of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy
EP0073384A1 (de) * 1981-08-27 1983-03-09 GTE Products Corporation Splitterbildendes Wolfram-Wuchtgeschoss
EP0209632A2 (de) * 1985-07-10 1987-01-28 GTE Products Corporation Herstellungsverfahren für ein langgestrecktes Produkt aus Wolframhartmetall

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US3888636A (en) * 1971-02-01 1975-06-10 Us Health High density, high ductility, high strength tungsten-nickel-iron alloy & process of making therefor
US3988118A (en) * 1973-05-21 1976-10-26 P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc. Tungsten-nickel-iron-molybdenum alloys
US4090875A (en) * 1973-10-01 1978-05-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy Ductile tungsten-nickel-alloy and method for manufacturing same
JPS5913037A (ja) * 1982-07-09 1984-01-23 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Ｗ−Ｎｉ−Ｆｅ焼結合金の製造方法
DE3336516C2 (de) * 1983-10-07 1985-09-05 Bayerische Metallwerke GmbH, 7530 Pforzheim Auskleidung und Belegung für Hohl-, Flach- und Projektilladungen
JP2531623B2 (ja) * 1986-02-12 1996-09-04 三菱マテリアル株式会社 高靱性を有するｗ基焼結合金製飛翔体の製造方法
US4851042A (en) * 1987-05-12 1989-07-25 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Hardness and strength of heavy alloys by addition of tantalum
US4762559A (en) * 1987-07-30 1988-08-09 Teledyne Industries, Incorporated High density tungsten-nickel-iron-cobalt alloys having improved hardness and method for making same

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DE1558821A1 (de) * 1967-03-25 1970-06-04 Hermsdorf Keramik Veb Verfahren zur Herstellung von duktilem Halbzeug
US3979234A (en) * 1975-09-18 1976-09-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration Process for fabricating articles of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy
EP0073384A1 (de) * 1981-08-27 1983-03-09 GTE Products Corporation Splitterbildendes Wolfram-Wuchtgeschoss
EP0209632A2 (de) * 1985-07-10 1987-01-28 GTE Products Corporation Herstellungsverfahren für ein langgestrecktes Produkt aus Wolframhartmetall

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Title
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0396185A1 (de) * 1989-05-03 1990-11-07 Metallwerk Plansee Gesellschaft M.B.H. Verfahren zur Herstellung von warmkriechfesten Halbfabrikaten oder Formteilen aus hochschmelzendem Metall
US5051139A (en) * 1989-05-03 1991-09-24 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation Process for the manufacture of semi-finished products or preformed parts made of refractory metals and resistant to thermal creep
US5462576A (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-10-31 Nwm De Kruithoorn B.V. Heavy metal alloy and method for its production
EP2372296A1 (de) 2010-03-30 2011-10-05 Nexter Munitions Wuchtgeschoss
EP2372295A1 (de) 2010-03-30 2011-10-05 Nexter Munitions Wuchtgeschoss mit Stufenprofil
FR2958392A1 (fr) * 2010-03-30 2011-10-07 Nexter Munitions Penetrateur a energie cinetique a profil etage.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EG19412A (fr) 1995-01-31
EP0313484B1 (de) 1992-03-04
CA1340011C (fr) 1998-08-25
ZA887893B (en) 1989-07-26
DK587288D0 (da) 1988-10-21
ATE73174T1 (de) 1992-03-15
GR3003967T3 (de) 1993-03-16
YU47632B (sh) 1995-12-04
AU606759B2 (en) 1991-02-14
DK587288A (da) 1989-04-24
JPH0468371B2 (de) 1992-11-02
IN171726B (de) 1992-12-19
IL88062A0 (en) 1989-06-30
US4938799A (en) 1990-07-03
YU197388A (en) 1990-08-31
CN1019318B (zh) 1992-12-02
JPH01142048A (ja) 1989-06-02
CN1033651A (zh) 1989-07-05
AU2408888A (en) 1989-04-27
PT88821B (pt) 1993-01-29
US4960563A (en) 1990-10-02
KR950008693B1 (ko) 1995-08-04
FR2622209B1 (fr) 1990-01-26
DE3868843D1 (de) 1992-04-09
ES2032336T3 (es) 1993-02-01
SG73092G (en) 1992-10-02
FR2622209A1 (fr) 1989-04-28
IL88062A (en) 1992-09-06
KR890006843A (ko) 1989-06-16
BR8805467A (pt) 1989-07-04

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