EP0312072B1 - Sicherheitsvorrichtung für einen Wäschetrockner - Google Patents

Sicherheitsvorrichtung für einen Wäschetrockner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0312072B1
EP0312072B1 EP88117066A EP88117066A EP0312072B1 EP 0312072 B1 EP0312072 B1 EP 0312072B1 EP 88117066 A EP88117066 A EP 88117066A EP 88117066 A EP88117066 A EP 88117066A EP 0312072 B1 EP0312072 B1 EP 0312072B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
input
comparator
heater element
laundry dryer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88117066A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0312072A1 (de
Inventor
Graziello Grandin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Industrie Zanussi SpA
Original Assignee
Industrie Zanussi SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Industrie Zanussi SpA filed Critical Industrie Zanussi SpA
Publication of EP0312072A1 publication Critical patent/EP0312072A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0312072B1 publication Critical patent/EP0312072B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F37/00—Details specific to washing machines covered by groups D06F21/00 - D06F25/00
    • D06F37/42—Safety arrangements, e.g. for stopping rotation of the receptacle upon opening of the casing door
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/28—Air properties
    • D06F2103/32—Temperature
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/38—Time, e.g. duration
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2103/00—Parameters monitored or detected for the control of domestic laundry washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2103/44—Current or voltage
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/28—Electric heating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F2105/00—Systems or parameters controlled or affected by the control systems of washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F2105/62—Stopping or disabling machine operation
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F34/00—Details of control systems for washing machines, washer-dryers or laundry dryers
    • D06F34/08—Control circuits or arrangements thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/32—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers 
    • D06F58/34—Control of operations performed in domestic laundry dryers  characterised by the purpose or target of the control
    • D06F58/50—Responding to irregular working conditions, e.g. malfunctioning of blowers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laundry dryer with a safety circuit which switches off the electric power supply when the filter of the dryer is partially or totally clogged.
  • Known laundry dryers substantially comprise a blower and at least one heater element for circulating a flow of heated air through a conduit equipped with a filter for retaining fluff and any foreign bodies, to the interior of a drum containing the laundry to be dried and adapted to be rotated by the electric motor driving said blower.
  • the heater element is conventionally connected to the electric circuit of the machine, together with a conventional thermostat operating to energize and to deenergize the heater element in response to the temperature of the circulating air.
  • the heater element is thermostatically controlled either by the already mentioned thermostat for the purposes stated above, or by special control thermostats additionally provided in the electric circuit of the machine and calibrated to different response temperatures, these additional thermostats being activated respectively in consideration of the type and the amount of fabrics to be dried.
  • the thermostat Under operating conditions, on the other hand, in which the circulation of air through the machine is hampered by partial clogging of the filter by fluff and any odd foreign bodies, or when such air circulation is completely absent due to complete clogging of the filter, the thermostat operates to energize and to deenergize the heater element at a much higher switching frequency than under normal operating conditions, due to the elevated temperature attained in the interior of the machine. Under these conditions, it is thus difficult to usefully exploit the heat generated by the heater element, so that the machine is not capable of executing satisfactory drying cycles, there being the additional danger of the functional components of the machine being damaged after some time due to overheating and possible scorching. By its operation under abnormal conditions, the danger of the thermostat itself being damaged exists, necessitating its repair or replacement.
  • FR-A-2547327 describes a laundry dryer, including a security thermostat switch that permanently switches off the dryer as soon as the temperature of the hot air exceeds a predetermined value. This value, however, has to be set higher than the highest temperature to be considered allowable. Since rather high temperatures are needed for cotton laundry during normal operation, this known security system will not operate satisfactorily should the laundry dryer be loaded, for example, with synthetic laundry or silk, for which the maximum allowable temperature is set to a low value.
  • the invention as disclosed, is intended to overcome the above drawback.
  • the invention as defined in claim 1, provides for a simple solution for sensing the clogged state of the filter. It is based on the understanding that a clogged filter leads to the effect that the energy consumption is reduced in that the energy produced by the heater can no longer be conveyed to the laundry. This leads to the result that the heater's switch-off durations are increased.
  • the invention senses these durations by means of a timer to switch off the dryer when the duration exceeds a predetermined value.
  • the subclaims include various preferred embodiments.
  • a laundry dryer of conventional construction comprising a housing 4 and a rotatable drum 5 adapted to contain the laundry to be dried and mounted within housing 4 in a per se known manner, said drum being provided with an access opening 6 aligned with a corresponding front opening 7 of housing 4 and adapted to be closed by a door 8 hinged to housing 4 so as to permit the laundry to be dried to be charged and discharged into and from drum 5, respectively.
  • the present laundry dryer further comprises a blower 9 adapted to be rotated by the electric motor (not shown) also used for rotating drum 5, and communicating with a drying air circulation conduit 10 itself communicating with the interior of drum 5 and defined by the walls of housing 4 and drum 5.
  • Conduit 10 is also provided with respective air inlet and outlet openings 11, 12 and contains at least one heater element 13 as well as a filter 14 of conventional type provided respectively for heating the drying air and for retaining fluff and any foreign matter entrained by the air flow generated by blower 9 and circulating through conduit 10 and the interior of drum 5.
  • a protection thermostat 15 Associated to heater element 13 is a protection thermostat 15 of conventional type disposed in conduit 10 and responsive to the temperature of the circulated air.
  • protection thermostat 15 is connected in a manner to be described to the electric circuit of the dryer together with heater element 13, and calibrated so as to consecutively energize and deenergize heater element 13 during each drying cycle so as to maintain the temperature of the circulating air between pre-established levels to thereby avoid the danger of damage to the heater element, to the laundry drier as a whole, and to the laundry contained in the drum.
  • the present laundry dryer finally comprises a number of conventional control elements (shown in Fig. 1 is a rotatable knob 16 associated to a program control unit 17) for selecting the duration of a drying cycle and the maximum temperature in dependence of the type and amount of fabrics charged into drum 5.
  • a number of conventional control elements shown in Fig. 1 is a rotatable knob 16 associated to a program control unit 17 for selecting the duration of a drying cycle and the maximum temperature in dependence of the type and amount of fabrics charged into drum 5.
  • FIG. 2 With reference to Fig. 2, there is shown a circuit diagram incorporating a safety device according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • This device substantially comprises an electronic control circuit including a comparator 18 connected to the electric circuit of the drier together with a switch relay 19 in the manner and for purposes to be described, said electric circuit also including program control unit 17 connected on the one hand to a main conductor 20 via a breaker switch 21 adapted to be operated by switch relay 19, and on the other hand to a second main conductor 22 through the electric motor 23 for rotating blower 9 and drum 5, and/or through heater element 13 and protection thermostat 15 connected in series therewith.
  • program control unit 17 connected on the one hand to a main conductor 20 via a breaker switch 21 adapted to be operated by switch relay 19, and on the other hand to a second main conductor 22 through the electric motor 23 for rotating blower 9 and drum 5, and/or through heater element 13 and protection thermostat 15 connected in series therewith.
  • comparator 18 serves the function, in a manner to be described below, of determining wether or not the resetting of protective thermostat 15 subsequently to its response temperature having been attained occurs within a pre-established time interval corresponding to the operative condition of the drier in which filter 14 is not clogged by fluff or other foreign matter and both blower 9 and drum 5 are properly rotated by motor 23.
  • comparator 18 acts to maintain program control unit 17, and thus all of the other electric components of the machine, in the energized state for executing the selected drying cycle.
  • comparator 18 acts to deenergize program control unit 17 and thus all of the other electric components of the machine to thereby prevent a drying cycle from being executed.
  • comparator 18 causes program control unit 17 to be maintained in the deenergized state it additionally causes the malfunction of the machine to be indicated until it has been attended to.
  • comparator 18 has its first input 24 connected to the junction 25 between heater element 13 and protection thermostat 15 through a rectifying and voltage limiter circuit 26 and a time constant circuit 27 of conventional type.
  • time constant circuit 27 is composed of a series of R-C elements (i.e. resistor-capacitor circuits) interconnected and dimensioned so as to generate, in the presence of a constant input voltage applied to circuit 27 by circuit 26, an exponentially rising DC output voltage to be applied to first input 24 of comparator 18.
  • R-C elements i.e. resistor-capacitor circuits
  • Circuits 26 and 27 are additionally connected parallel to one another to respective energization conductors 28 and 29 themselves connected to main conductor 22 by a common conductor 30.
  • comparator 18 is connected on the one hand to first main conductor 20 by a conductor 32 and a rectifying and voltage limiting circuit 33, and on the other hand to second main conductor 22 by conductors 34 and 30, comparator 18 being finally provided with an energizing conductor 35 connected to conductor 32 at the output side of circuir 33 and to conductor 30.
  • Second input 31 has applied to it a DC reference voltage at a pre-established level determined by circuit 33 and and adapted to be compared to the voltage applied to first input 24 for controlling the energization and deenergization of the machine in the manner to be described below.
  • the output 36, finally, of comparator 18 is connected to main conductor 22 through a transistorized power control circuit 37 of conventional type and switching relay 19, the latter being connected in parallel with a signalling device 38 comprising a warning lamp,an acoustic warning device or any other suitably device of this kind, said power control circuit having an energizing conductor 39 connected to conductor 32 at the output side of circuit 33 and to conductor 30.
  • the thus composed safety device operates as follows: To start the execution of a drying cycle, a main switch 40 of the electric circuit of the machine is closed, and program control unit 17 is adjusted to the maximum temperature and duration of the drying cycle to be executed in accordance with the type and amount of laundered fabrics charged into the drum.
  • switching relay 19 remains deenergized to keep breaker switch 21 closed, so that program control unit 17 is energized to control the energization of motor 23 and heater element 13 with protection thermostat 15 being closed.
  • first input 24 of comparator 18 has no voltage applied thereto so that comparator 18 acts to maintain switching relay 19 as well as signalling device 38 deenergized. The latter device thus indicates the correct execution of the drying cycle.
  • thermostat 15 When the response temperature of protection thermostat 15 is attained, the latter opens, so that the energization through thermostat 15 is interrupted, comparator 18 continuing to be energized from the mains through circuits 26, 27 and conductors 28, 29, 30.
  • time constant circuit 27 acts to generate an exponentially rising DC voltage to be applied to first input 24 of comparator 18 for comparison to the pre-established reference DC voltage applied to second input 31 of comparator 18.
  • time constant circuit 27 is dimensioned so that the voltage generated thereby rises gradually while remaining lower than said reference voltage as long as the protection thermostat remains open and until this thermostat is reset after a time interval within pre-established limits corresponding to the operative condition of the machine with proper circulation of the drying air.
  • comparator 18 automatically causes the power supply to the machine to be interrupted by the energization of switching relay 19 through power control circuit 37, resulting in breaker switch 21 being opened and signalling device 38 being energized to indicate the malfunction of the machine and the need thereof to be attended to.
  • the present safety device is provided with a feedback circuit 41 connected between output 36 and first input 24 of comparator 18.
  • this feedback circuit 41 comprises a diode 42 connected to be conductive in the direction towards first input 24 of comparator 18, and at least one reistor 43 connected in series with said diode for applying to first input 24 a voltage at a level higher than that of the reference voltage applied to second input 31 as long as a voltage appears at output 36 of comparator 18.
  • Fig. 3 there is shown a second embodiment of the present safety device incorporated in an electric circuit comprising the same components as already shown in Fig. 2 and therefore designated by the same reference numerals.
  • the safety device comprises an electronic counter circuit 44 of conventional type performing a similar function as comparator 18 in fig. 2 and energized from the mains through a rectifying and voltage limiter circuit 33 and conductors 32 and 45.
  • An input 46 of counter circuit 44 is connected to the junction 25 between heater element 13 and protection thermostat 15 through a rectifying and voltage limiting circuit 26, the output 47 of counter circuit 44 being connected to transistorized power control circuit 37 itself connected and energized as in the first embodiment.
  • each drying cycle of the machine is controlled by program control unit 17 acting to keep breaker switch 21 closed by maintaining switching relay 19 as well as signalling device 38 in the deenergized state.
  • Program control unit 17 thus controls the energization of motor 23 and heater element 13 in series with protection thermostat 15, the latter being in its closed state.
  • circuit 26 is at zero voltage, so that counter circuit 44 remains inactive and switching relay 19 is not energized.
  • rectifying and voltage limiter circuit 26 acts to generate a constant DC voltage so as to cause start pulses to be applied to input 46 of counter circuit 44.
  • counter circuit 44 is designed to activate transistorized power control circuit 37 only at the end of a time interval comprised within pre-established limits during which protective thermostat 15 is reset under normal operating conditions of the machine with correct circulation of the drying air.
  • counter circuit 44 is repeatedly activated and deactivated as long as the resetting of protection thermostat 15 occurs within these pre-established time limits. Under these conditions power control circuit 37 is therefore not activated, so that switching relay 19 always remains deenergized as does also signalling device 38.
  • counter circuit 44 continues to operate even after expiry of the pre-established time limit as long as protection thermostat 15 remains open. This results in power control circuit 37 being activated to energize switching relay 19, so that breaker switch 21 is opened to interrupt the power supply to the machine, and at the same time to energize signalling device 38 for indicating this abnormal operating state of the machine.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Washing Machine And Dryer (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Wäschetrockner mit einem Gebläse (9), wenigstens einem Heizelement (13) und einem Filter (14), wobei alle diese Komponenten in einem Luftkanal (10) angeordnet sind, welcher in einer Trommel (5) zum Trocknen der Wäsche endet, wobei das Heizelement (13) mit einem Thermostatschalter (15) in Verbindung steht, welcher durch die Temperatur der heißen Luft gesteuert ist und das Heizelement (13) aus- bzw. einschaltet, einem Steuerkreis (18, 19, 27, 37; 19, 26, 37, 44) mit einem Zeitgeber (27; 44), welcher aktiv geschaltet wird, wenn der Thermostatschalter (15) das Heizelement (13) ausschaltet und welcher das Steuersignal abgibt, wenn die gemessene Zeit eine vorgegebene Zeitgrenze überschreitet.
  2. Wäschetrockner nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Steuersignal ein Relais (19) bedient, welches einen Unterbrecherschalter (21) enthält, um den Wäschetrockner nach Erhalt des Steuersignals permanent abzuschalten.
  3. Wäschetrockner nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zeitgeber einen rücksetzbaren R/C-Schaltkreis (27) aufweist, dessen Ausgang mit einem ersten Eingang (24) eines Vergleiches (18) verbunden ist und daß der zweite Eingang (31) des Vergleiches (18) ein Gleichspannungsvergleichssignal von vorgegebener Größe erhält.
  4. Wäschetrockner nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zeitgeber einen elektronischen Zähler (44) aufweist.
  5. Wäschetrockner nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zeitgeber einen Rückkoppelschaltkreis (41) aufweist, der zwischen den Ausgang (36) und den ersten Eingang (24) des Vergleiches (18) geschaltet ist, um den ersten Eingang (24) auf einem Spannungspegel über dem Spannungspegel auf seinem zweiten Eingang (31) nach Erhalt des Kontrollsignals zu halten.
  6. Wäschetrockner nach wenigstens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Anzeigeeinrichtung (38) vorgesehen ist, die nach Erhalt des Kontrollsignals eingeschaltet wird.
EP88117066A 1987-10-14 1988-10-13 Sicherheitsvorrichtung für einen Wäschetrockner Expired - Lifetime EP0312072B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT4574687 1987-10-14
IT45746/87A IT1220063B (it) 1987-10-14 1987-10-14 Dispositivo di sicurezza per macchina asciugabiancheria

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0312072A1 EP0312072A1 (de) 1989-04-19
EP0312072B1 true EP0312072B1 (de) 1993-03-17

Family

ID=11258018

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88117066A Expired - Lifetime EP0312072B1 (de) 1987-10-14 1988-10-13 Sicherheitsvorrichtung für einen Wäschetrockner

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0312072B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3879357T2 (de)
IT (1) IT1220063B (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100000118A1 (en) * 2008-06-27 2010-01-07 Cunningham J Vern Laundry dryer/venting system interlock
US9897377B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2018-02-20 Boemar Inc. Exhaust safety system

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1225129B (it) * 1988-11-29 1990-11-02 Zanussi A Spa Industrie Dispositivo di protezione per macchine asciugatrici di biancheria
DE4034274A1 (de) * 1990-10-27 1992-04-30 Zanker Gmbh Waeschetrockner und verfahren zur temperaturueberwachung bei einem waeschetrockner
DK167066B1 (da) * 1991-05-07 1993-08-23 Nyborg Vaskerimaskiner As Toerretumbler med fnugfilter
DE4337735C2 (de) * 1992-11-25 1998-09-10 Miele & Cie Wäschetrockner mit einer Einrichtung zur Erkennung unzulässiger Betriebszustände sowie Verfahren zur Erkennung solcher Betriebszustände
DE19704213C1 (de) * 1997-02-05 1998-09-17 Miele & Cie System zur Erkennung unzulässiger Betriebszustände in einem Wäschetrockner
DE19728197A1 (de) * 1997-07-02 1999-01-07 Bosch Siemens Hausgeraete Verfahren zur Erkennung unzulässiger Betriebszustände in einem Wäschetrockner sowie Wäschetrockner mit einem solchen Erkennungsverfahren
US6671977B2 (en) 2000-07-12 2004-01-06 Boemar Inc. Appliance attachable to a dryer and a dryer for use therewith
EP1899525B1 (de) * 2005-07-05 2015-03-04 Arçelik Anonim Sirketi Wasch-/trockenvorrichtung und steuerungsverfahren dafür
CA2599353C (en) 2006-09-06 2011-05-24 Lg Electronics Inc. Dryer with clogging detecting function
KR101218031B1 (ko) 2006-10-09 2013-01-02 엘지전자 주식회사 건조기의 제어 방법
CA2610133C (en) * 2006-12-26 2010-09-21 Yang-Hwan Kim Dryer with clogging detecting function
KR100844617B1 (ko) * 2006-12-26 2008-07-07 엘지전자 주식회사 건조기의 안전 장치
KR100872234B1 (ko) 2007-04-18 2008-12-05 엘지전자 주식회사 건조기의 막힘감지방법
KR100872233B1 (ko) * 2007-04-18 2008-12-05 엘지전자 주식회사 건조기
DE102008020556A1 (de) * 2008-04-24 2009-10-29 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Ablufttrockner mit verminderter Kondensatbildung sowie Verfahren zu seinem Betrieb
DE102008041019A1 (de) 2008-08-06 2010-02-11 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Kondensationstrockner mit einer Wärmepumpe und Erkennung eines unzulässigen Betriebszustands sowie Verfahren zu seinem Betrieb
KR101589478B1 (ko) * 2009-10-05 2016-01-28 엘지전자 주식회사 의류건조기의 제어방법
US9435587B2 (en) 2012-03-30 2016-09-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Clothing dryer and blockage detection method thereof

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3109717A (en) * 1959-10-13 1963-11-05 King Sceley Thermos Co Clothes dryer controls
FR2547327B1 (fr) * 1983-06-10 1986-03-21 Thomson Brandt Seche-linge a dispositif de securite thermique

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100000118A1 (en) * 2008-06-27 2010-01-07 Cunningham J Vern Laundry dryer/venting system interlock
US8955232B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2015-02-17 Cube Investments Limited Laundry dryer/venting system interlock
US9897377B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2018-02-20 Boemar Inc. Exhaust safety system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0312072A1 (de) 1989-04-19
DE3879357T2 (de) 1993-06-24
IT1220063B (it) 1990-06-06
IT8745746A0 (it) 1987-10-14
DE3879357D1 (de) 1993-04-22

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