EP0310478B1 - Schalenkonstruktion und Herstellungsverfahren einer solchen Konstruktion - Google Patents

Schalenkonstruktion und Herstellungsverfahren einer solchen Konstruktion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0310478B1
EP0310478B1 EP88402389A EP88402389A EP0310478B1 EP 0310478 B1 EP0310478 B1 EP 0310478B1 EP 88402389 A EP88402389 A EP 88402389A EP 88402389 A EP88402389 A EP 88402389A EP 0310478 B1 EP0310478 B1 EP 0310478B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
bars
veil
structure according
nodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88402389A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0310478A1 (de
Inventor
Pierre Bozetto
Jean-Marc Truchet
Marcel Barret
Guy Chauvier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricite de France SA
Original Assignee
Electricite de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8713375A external-priority patent/FR2621062B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8808833A external-priority patent/FR2633649B1/fr
Application filed by Electricite de France SA filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Publication of EP0310478A1 publication Critical patent/EP0310478A1/de
Priority to FR8912345A priority Critical patent/FR2636718B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0310478B1 publication Critical patent/EP0310478B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
    • E04H5/10—Buildings forming part of cooling plants
    • E04H5/12—Cooling towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
    • Y10S261/11—Cooling towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to shell structures of the type comprising a frame resting on foundations and a veil carried by the frame and delimiting a chimney. It finds a particularly important application in the field of atmospheric refrigerants, used in particular in power plants.
  • structures have been proposed comprising a frame, often metallic, and a veil constituted by panels of various materials, such as composites consisting of an organic matrix and reinforcements, of metal or concrete.
  • the panels are assembled together by mechanical means such as bolts.
  • the present invention aims to provide a shell structure that better meets those previously known to the requirements of practice, in particular in that it allows a simple and relatively economical manufacture and optimizes the shape of the air duct in the chimney. .
  • the veil will generally consist of sections, for example in the form of rings, connected to each other on site.
  • the veil can in particular be hung on the knots.
  • the veil will stop at a distance from foundations for providing, in the lower part of the structure, an air inlet passage when the structure constitutes the chimney of an atmospheric exchanger.
  • the lower end of the veil can be fixed to a lintel secured to the frame. It is also possible to provide hooking at a variable level to obtain an adjustable passage section, in particular as a function of the ambient temperature and / or of the power at which the power station equipped with the exchanger operates.
  • junction nodes between bars may in particular comprise two coaxial flanges provided with means intended to bring them closer together, each flange comprising at least two cells regularly distributed around the axis and cooperating with the cells of the other flange to constitute housings intended trapping terminal bulges in the bars.
  • the terminal bulges and the cells can then have a shape allowing the orientation of the bars to be chosen, at least within a determined angular range.
  • the terminal bulges must be of revolution as well as the housing which traps them, in order to provide the desired degrees of freedom.
  • the terminal bulges will be in the form of a sphere and the internal surfaces of the cells will be in the form of a spherical cap with a diameter corresponding to that of the ball within the dimensional tolerances.
  • the flanges are advantageously identical to each other, which reduces the number of different parts to be provided and also allows all the flanges to be manufactured in the same mold, when they are made from molded material, for example from composite material such as a fiber-loaded resin.
  • the structure shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1 is intended to constitute the chimney of an atmospheric refrigerant which can be of any of the types commonly used at present (dispersed and / or trickling, with cross currents or against -current).
  • This structure comprises a veil placed inside a frame which rests on foundations (not shown in FIG. 1) anchored in the ground and it is constituted by a trellis comprising two sets of slashes 2 and 4; the bars of one set have an opposite inclination to that of the bars of the other set on the vertical, this inclination being approximately 60 ° and dependent on the geometry of the structure.
  • a third busbar 6 consists of horizontal bars assembled in circumferential circles and constituting, with the other busbars, a mesh structure in the shape of an approximately equilateral triangle.
  • the bars can be connected by assembly nodes having the constitution shown in Figures 2 to 6, provided so that the node can receive six bars 8 belonging to sets 2, 4 and 6. It comprises two identical flanges 10 and 12 one to the other and having a symmetry of revolution of order 6. Each flange is advantageously constituted by a single piece formed of composite material, such as resin reinforced with glass or carbon fibers.
  • Each flange can be viewed as having a plate 14, the peripheral part of which is curved to form cells 16.
  • the central part of the plate is connected to a projection of revolution 18 pierced in its center with a bore for receiving a bolt of axial tightening 20.
  • the periphery of the plate is pierced with holes 22 placed between the cells 16 and intended to receive additional bolts 24.
  • the bolts 20 and 24 constitute means making it possible to tighten the two flanges 10 and 12 one towards the other and to tighten terminal bulges of the connecting bars 8 between the flanges, as will be seen below.
  • Stiffening ribs 21 (FIGS. 2 and 6) advantageously connect the projection to the bottom of the cells 16.
  • two facing cells 16 constitute a housing for trapping a terminal bulge 26 belonging to a bar 8.
  • the internal surfaces of the cells 16 are in the form of a spherical cap, of diameter corresponding to that of the bulges 26, in the form of a truncated ball, to within the design tolerances.
  • the dimensions of the opening of the housing and the diameter of the bar 8 set the maximum angle a that the bar can take relative to the perpendicular to the axis of the node. In practice, an angle a of about 10 ° in all directions of space will generally be sufficient.
  • connecting bars 8 having a diameter ranging from 100 to 200 mm, from 2 to 6 m in length. At the upper part of the hull, where the efforts to support are less important, some of the hoops can be omitted.
  • the bars 8 can, like the flanges, be made of composite material (thermosetting product reinforced with fibers).
  • composite material thermosetting product reinforced with fibers.
  • each bar has a section of tubular beam, manufactured for example by pultrusion, filament winding, mold injection, etc. ... and a ball 26 pierced with a cylindrical hole and glued to the section beam. If the use of an identical cross section for all the bars is abandoned (advantageous from the point of view of standardization), the diameter and / or the thickness can be adapted to the forces supported at each level.
  • the bars may have terminal ball-shaped bulges of 300 mm in diameter for example.
  • the flanges 10 and 12 can have a diameter of about 880 mm.
  • the bars can be in the form of a 20 mm thick tube, made up of a thermosetting matrix (polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy or phenolic resin for example) containing a fibrous reinforcing filler (fiberglass, carbon , aramid or metallic for example).
  • the content of reinforcing filler will generally be between 50 and 70% by weight.
  • a composition of the same kind can be used to constitute the flanges.
  • One and the same type of node can be used to constitute spatial framework structures having a variable curvature.
  • the sealing veil 30 placed inside the frame constitutes a continuous flow guide chimney.
  • this veil consists of several annular bands 32 whose edges are fixed to horizontal rows of nodes by substantially sealed connecting means.
  • the connection between a node and two successive bands 32 comprises a link 34 having an articulated connection with the corresponding bolt 20 and a connection belt 36 forming a ball joint.
  • the position of the belt 36 on the link 34 is adjustable using nuts 38, which makes it possible to adjust the shape and the tension of the bands 32.
  • These bands have end beads 40 trapped in grooves of the belt .
  • This arrangement makes it possible to give the chimney a slightly different form from that of the frame and therefore to optimize the law of variation of the cross section offered to the flow along the structure.
  • the canvas will generally be produced by weaving threads of plastic materials such as polyesters, then coating with thermo-plastic materials or thermosetting to waterproof the canvas.
  • the veil does not extend downward beyond the lower row of bars 6, so as to leave free an air inlet passage. It is possible to provide an additional strip of canvas, weighted so as to be stretched, which can be unwound more or less below the lower row of bars 6 so as to allow the adjustment of the passage section.
  • the frame is susceptible of numerous variants. It can be doubled, in the areas bearing particularly great efforts, by tying together two nodes using bolts 20 of great length. To make it possible to adopt a section along a meridian plane which widens widely downwards, it is possible to provide a fork construction of the frame at the bottom, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 7.
  • a variant consists in providing a central mast used for the various maintenance and monitoring needs of the structure. It supports mobile arms that can carry nacelles, tools or any other necessary intervention device.
  • the veil is provided with wires, structural or not, provided for passing a heating current through it with a view to defrosting or to avoid icing.
  • the internal structures of a refrigerant according to the invention can be practically identical to those of the refrigerants existing at present, which are moreover to a very large extent independent of the shell.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Schalenkonstruktion, insbesondere zur Herstellung eines Kühlturms mit einem Traggerüst, das auf Fundamenten aufliegt, die im Boden verankert sind, und einer Bespannung (30), die getragen wird von dem Traggerüst und einen Turm gegrenzt, wobei das Traggerüst gebildet wird von einem Netzwerk mit Maschen in Form eines annähernd gleichseitigen Dreiecks und drei Sätzen von Stangen (2, 4, 6), wobei die Sätze von Stangen eine Symmetrie bilden in Bezug auf eine Ebene, die durch die vertikale Asche der Konstruktion verläuft, und die Stangen verbunden sind durch knotenpunkte, die an den Spitzen des Dreiecks liegen, während die Bespannung (30), die einen durchgehenden Turm bildet, im Inneren des Traggerüsts angeordnet ist und gespannt ist durch Verbindung mit dem Traggerüst an auf dem Traggerüst verteilten Punkten mit einem Abstand, der größer ist als der der Knotenpunkte.
2. Schalenkonstruktion nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stangen gebildet sind aus warmaushärtendem Material, das von Fasern verstäkt wird.
3. Schalenkonstruktion nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Stange gebildet wird durch Zieh-Srangpressen, ein Wickelverfahren, Einspritzen in eine Gießform oder jedes andere kunststofftechnologische Verfahren.
4. Schalenkonstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bespannung von horizontalen Streifen gebildet wird, die im wesentlichen dicht miteinander verbunden und gespannt sind bezüglich der Knoten nur bestimmer horizontaler Knotenreihen.
5. Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Verbindungsknoten zwischen den Stangen zwei koaxiale Flansche (10, 12) aufweist, die mit Einrichtungen (18-24) versehen sind, um sie in Achsrichtung zusammenzuziehen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Flansch wenigstens zwei Zellen (16) aufweist, die gleichmäßig um die Achse verteilt sind und mit den Zellen des anderen Flansches zusammenwirken, um Lagerungen zu bilden, die dazu bestimmt sind, Verdickungen (26) an den Enden der Stangen festzuhalten.
6. Konstruktion nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Innenflächen der Zellen (16) in Kugelkalottenform ausgebildet sind die eine Kugel mit einem Durchmesser begrenzen, der mit engen Abmessungstoleranzen dem der Verdickung von gleicher Kugelform entspricht.
7. Konstruktion nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtungen zum Zusammenziehen eine zentrale Hülse aufweisen, die an jedem Flansch angeordnet ist und dazu bestimmt ist, einen Bolzen (20) zur zentralen Befestigung aufzunehmen, sowie Löcher (22), die auf dem Umfang der Flansche zwischen den Lagerungen angeordnet und dazu bestimmt sind, Befestigungsbolzen (24) aufzunehmen, wobei die Befestigungsbolzen versehen sind mit Einrichtungen zum Verbinden mit der Bespannung und zum Spannen der letzteren.
8. Konstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bespannung versehen ist mit strukturierten oder nichtstruktrurierten Fäden, die vorgesehen sind, um dort einen Heizstrom passieren zu lassen im Hinblick auf Einteisung oder zum Verhindern des Vereisens.
9. Verfahren zum Montieren einer Schalenkonstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß man die Stangen fortschreitend von oben nach unten zusammenbaut, indem der bereits hergestellte Teil mit Hilfe von Winden angehoben wird, bevor er nach unten hin verlängert wird, um ein Traggerüst zu bilden, und daß eine innenliegende durchgehende Bespannung gebildet wird durch Befestigen der ringförmigen Bespannungsbänder an den Knoten des Traggerüsts.
EP88402389A 1987-09-28 1988-09-22 Schalenkonstruktion und Herstellungsverfahren einer solchen Konstruktion Expired - Lifetime EP0310478B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8912345A FR2636718B1 (fr) 1988-09-22 1989-09-20 Structure en coque et procede de fabrication d'une telle structure

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8713375A FR2621062B1 (fr) 1987-09-28 1987-09-28 Structure en coque et procede de fabrication d'une telle structure
FR8713375 1987-09-28
FR8808833A FR2633649B1 (fr) 1988-06-30 1988-06-30 Noeud de jonction pour structure et structure de coque pour refrigerant atmospherique en comportant application
FR8808833 1988-06-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0310478A1 EP0310478A1 (de) 1989-04-05
EP0310478B1 true EP0310478B1 (de) 1991-04-24

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88402389A Expired - Lifetime EP0310478B1 (de) 1987-09-28 1988-09-22 Schalenkonstruktion und Herstellungsverfahren einer solchen Konstruktion

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5072553A (de)
EP (1) EP0310478B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH01158180A (de)
DE (1) DE3862555D1 (de)

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FR2779459B1 (fr) * 1998-06-08 2000-08-04 Jean Francois Verney Procede de construction de batiments
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US7303078B2 (en) * 2003-05-30 2007-12-04 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Screen panel
ES2350991B1 (es) * 2009-06-03 2011-10-14 Abengoa Solar New Technologies S.A. Planta de concentracion solar de tecnologia de torre con tiro natural.
EA030097B1 (ru) * 2011-03-23 2018-06-29 Йосси Амир Башенная конструкция
SE536447C2 (sv) * 2012-03-27 2013-11-05 Induflex AB Spännanordning för att spänna ut en radomduk
BR112015002426A2 (pt) * 2012-08-03 2017-07-04 D Lockwood James torre de turbina de vento segmentada protendida de concreto pré-moldado
US9366480B2 (en) * 2013-12-24 2016-06-14 Rosenwach Tank Co., Llc Cooling tower with geodesic shell
EP2921600B1 (de) * 2014-03-19 2016-05-18 Airbus Operations GmbH Drehverbindung, Rahmenwerkkonstruktionskit und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Rahmenwerks
US9634386B2 (en) 2015-01-19 2017-04-25 Christopher C. Dundorf Apparatus for safely securing radiation-transparent panels covering the antenna service bays of wireless telecommunication towers and methods of installing the same
US9731773B2 (en) * 2015-03-11 2017-08-15 Caterpillar Inc. Node for a space frame
CN105927002B (zh) * 2016-06-29 2018-11-27 北京市建筑设计研究院有限公司 一种由带支撑的三角形网格构成的钢结构冷却塔
WO2021064763A1 (en) * 2019-10-01 2021-04-08 Seikaly Abeer A multi-layered structural and material system assembly
CN211597897U (zh) * 2019-12-20 2020-09-29 南京航空航天大学 一种抗强台风的自适应钢结构冷却塔

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5072553A (en) 1991-12-17
EP0310478A1 (de) 1989-04-05
DE3862555D1 (de) 1991-05-29
JPH01158180A (ja) 1989-06-21

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