EP0308933A1 - Process and device for the atomization of at least one jet of a liquid, preferably molten metal - Google Patents

Process and device for the atomization of at least one jet of a liquid, preferably molten metal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0308933A1
EP0308933A1 EP19880115595 EP88115595A EP0308933A1 EP 0308933 A1 EP0308933 A1 EP 0308933A1 EP 19880115595 EP19880115595 EP 19880115595 EP 88115595 A EP88115595 A EP 88115595A EP 0308933 A1 EP0308933 A1 EP 0308933A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
nozzle
crucible
metal particles
atomizing
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP19880115595
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0308933B1 (en
Inventor
Klaus Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bauckhage
Norbert Kunert
Peter Dipl.-Ing. Schreckenberg
Hermann Dr. Phil. Vetters
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Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung der Emerson Technologies GmbH and Co OHG
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Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung der Emerson Technologies GmbH and Co OHG
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Priority to AT88115595T priority Critical patent/ATE61261T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
    • B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
    • B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
    • B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
    • B05B17/0623—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for atomizing at least one jet of a liquid substance, preferably molten metal, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for atomizing according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • the low ultrasound power when atomizing liquid metals means that the associated cooling of the melt to temperatures below the solidus point cannot take place quickly enough. This results in an uncontrolled cooling of the atomized particles and the associated unfavorable grain sizes and properties.
  • the object of the invention is to create a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset, as a result of which an increased atomization capacity and better atomization of the atomized metal particles is ensured when atomizing liquid metal.
  • this object is achieved by claim 1.
  • the generation of the ultrasound field in a compressed medium that is to say under excess pressure, enables a higher energy transfer. This leads to the fact that an ultrasound field with higher energy density can be used for the atomization and thus a greater atomization performance can be achieved is.
  • the atomization capacity increased by the method according to the invention also results in a better quenching of the atomized metal particles, since the energy-rich ultrasonic field gives them a greater momentum, which leads to an increased "slippage" of the metal particles in the pressurized medium in which the atomization takes place. This prevents a veil of heated gas from forming around the metal particles; rather, the metal particles can be brought into constant contact with fresh, not yet preheated, ambient gas due to their action by a higher impulse.
  • the method it is proposed to compact the atomized metal particles immediately after quenching and atomizing to form a semi-finished product or a desired molded part.
  • the quenched metal particles are preferably "shot" onto a corresponding base using their superplastic properties with the aid of pressure, the individual metal particles being welded together.
  • the compacting is expediently carried out when the atomized metal particles have reached a solid phase and have cooled to such an extent that, on the one hand, a structural change no longer takes place and, on the other hand, the metal particles are still warm enough to be welded.
  • the device-related solution to the problem can be found in claim 7.
  • the use of at least two (active) transducers i.e. a pair of transducers, creates a particularly high-energy ultrasound field.
  • further pairs of transducers can be provided, which expediently have the same data and also superpositionable parameters with regard to power, frequency and amplitude of the transducers and are arranged such that their standing ultrasound field has one or more common node areas. By passing the melt jet generated in the crucible through this node area, the atomization takes place where the ultrasound fields are superpositioned, that is to say the greatest energy density is present.
  • the device according to the invention enables a considerably larger flow of melt mass to be atomized and a more economical use associated therewith.
  • the superposition of several ultrasound fields despite an increased throughput of melt to be atomized, also achieves a rapid quenching required to form a microstructure.
  • the use of two active transducers also effectively prevents atomized particles from sticking to the transducer surface.
  • the position of the ultrasonic transducers is changed jointly in such a way that the (horizontal) transducer axis is given any inclinations. This makes it possible to specifically deflect the atomized particles from a vertical path. It is thus advantageously possible to compact complex workpieces.
  • a nozzle is arranged downstream of the melt exit from the crucible, which nozzle is preferably designed like a Laval nozzle.
  • the oscillators are assigned to the nozzle in such a way that the node area of the superpositioned ultrasonic fields is slightly offset towards the crucible compared to the narrowest cross section of the nozzle. This not only accelerates the substances due to atomization in the node area of the ultrasonic fields, but also assigns a direction through the nozzle, which narrows after the node area.
  • a (pressure) container behind the nozzle.
  • a (pressure) container is also particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention described at the outset, because it enables the gaseous carrier medium for the ultrasonic wave to be compressed in a simple manner both in the region of the nozzle and in the region of the pressure vessel.
  • the energy density in the ultrasound node area serving for atomization is thus optimally designed by a combination of several narrow-casting measures, namely the superposition of several ultrasound fields and the increase in energy transmission in the compressed medium.
  • the pressure vessel can be used to hold an application surface or application form for compacting the atomized and quenched micro-metal particles.
  • the entire device can also be accommodated in a pressure vessel. This results in particular in pressure relief in the crucible.
  • the material produced by the method according to the invention with the aid of the device described above has particularly favorable properties, since this produces a particularly homogeneous crystalline or amorphous structure with globular grains, which can be ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m.
  • Such a material has superplastic properties that enable isotropic deformability.
  • the rapid cooling also leads to the Verunreini being integrated in the globular microgranules formed from the atomized metal particles.
  • the device shown here is used to atomize a jet of liquid metal for the production of a metallic powder, tools, semi-finished products and finished parts.
  • the device is composed of a crucible 10, an adjoining nozzle 11 and, in the present exemplary embodiment, two ultrasonic vibrators 12 and a pressure vessel 13 arranged downstream of the latter.
  • the crucible 10 at the upper area of the device is bottle-shaped with a downwardly tapering opening 14.
  • the crucible 10 is filled to the level 15 with the raw material to be melted and atomized from powdered or granular metallic granulate 16.
  • the opening 14 of the crucible 10 which is arranged centrally with respect to an upright longitudinal central axis 18 of the device, opens into an upright inlet funnel 19 of the nozzle 11.
  • This is designed here in a laval nozzle-like manner, namely has an upper acceleration section 20 tapering along a circumferential arc adjoining taper section 21 and a lower frustoconical outlet section 22.
  • a gas supply channel opens from the side, which in the present exemplary embodiment is designed as a radially circumferential annular channel 23.
  • a gaseous process medium preferably an inert or reaction gas cooled to a temperature below room temperature, can be fed through this under pressure of the device.
  • the two ultrasonic vibrators 12 are arranged opposite the central narrowing section 21 of the nozzle 11, in such a way that they lie on a common, horizontal vibrator axis 24 which intersects the longitudinal central axis 18 of the device.
  • the front sections of the ultrasonic vibrators 12 are inserted into the constriction section 21 of the nozzle through corresponding through openings 25.
  • the through openings 25 each provided with a corresponding circumferential collar 26.
  • the ultrasound transducers 12 are fixed separately in a suitable manner, not shown, outside the front heads of the ultrasound transducers 12, to be precise in terms of vibration.
  • the relative position of the oscillator axis 24 with respect to the individual sections of the nozzle 11 is here such that the oscillator axis 24 is located somewhat above the narrowing section 21, that is to say approximately in the end region of the acceleration section 20.
  • the two ultrasonic vibrators 12 are of identical design, in particular they have the same powers, frequencies and amplitudes, namely they produce the same, superimposed ultrasonic fields 27 of approximately 20 KHz with a vibrating power of 250 to 3000 W.
  • the two ultrasonic vibrators 12 a distance of six quarter waves, whereby they form three node regions 28 and 29, of which the middle node region 29, which lies on the oscillator axis 24 and the longitudinal central axis 18, serves to atomize the jet of the melt to be atomized, which emerges from the crucible 10.
  • the nozzle 11 has at its lower edge an annular flange 30 to which the pressure vessel 13 can be fastened with a corresponding connecting flange 31, preferably releasably by means of screws, not shown.
  • the pressure vessel can - as shown - consist of a cylindrical jacket 32 and a flat, horizontal bottom 33.
  • the bottom 33 can serve to receive a carrier plate 34 shown in FIG. 1, onto which the atomized Metal particles can be applied, preferably for compacting.
  • FIG. 2 shows a negative mold 35 arranged on the bottom 33 of the pressure vessel 13.
  • finished workpieces of any shape can be produced in the pressure vessel by compacting in the superplastic state of the metal particles.
  • rotationally symmetrical parts can preferably be produced. So that they get an almost uniform wall thickness, the negative mold 35 in the pressure vessel 13 can be rotated continuously about its (vertical) axis of rotation by a suitable drive.
  • Fig. 3 shows an alternative arrangement of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 12, such that a plurality of pairs of transducers from opposing ultrasonic transducers 12 are provided to further increase performance.
  • the pair of oscillators from the two ultrasonic oscillators 12 are assigned three further pairs of oscillators, shown in dash-dot lines, whose oscillator axes 24 lie in a common horizontal plane for generating further ultrasonic fields, all of which lie in the (central) node region 29 on the longitudinal central axis 18 of the device .
  • the device shown enables a particularly high atomization performance and high quenching rates by a plurality of ultrasonic vibrators 12, each of which generates the same ultrasonic field 27, results in a high energy density in the node region 29 and, moreover, the ultrasonic wave 27 is passed through a compressed gaseous medium with high energy transmission properties.
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 operates as follows:
  • the granulate or the like made of metallic material heated in the crucible 10 by the heating coil 17 passes through the opening 14 of the crucible 10 in the form of a liquid jet into the acceleration section 20 of the nozzle 11, where it is atomized by the ultrasonic wave 27 in the node region 29 before reaching the constriction section 21.
  • the acceleration of the metal particles due to the atomization and the subsequent further constriction of the nozzle 11 onto the constriction section 21 causes the metal particles to "slip" in the gaseous medium. This results in a rapid quenching of the metal particles that are first soaked.
  • the rapid quenching is further increased according to the invention in that, on the one hand, the atomization takes place in a compressed gaseous medium, which means that a higher energy can be applied by the ultrasonic wave 27 and, on the other hand, the nozzle 11 through the ring channel 23 with excess pressure of inert gas (nitrogen) or reaction gas (hydrogen ) which can be cooled down to -200 ° C.
  • inert gas nitrogen
  • reaction gas hydrogen
  • the metal particles atomized and quickly quenched in the manner described above have very small, predominantly globular grains ( ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ m) which have cooled to such an extent that no structural change takes place, but the grains are welded using the superplastic properties, if they are compacted, that is to say applied to the carrier plate 34 or the negative mold 35 on the bottom 33 of the pressure vessel 13 in a pressure-assisted manner.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention, which differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 3 in that the ultrasonic oscillators 12 are assigned to the nozzle 11 in a variable position.
  • the position of the ultrasonic transducers can be changed in the same way, but in opposite directions relative to the nozzle 11 or with part of it, in such a way that the transducer axis 24 can be pivoted out of the (normal) horizontal.
  • the atomized metal particles can be deflected in a direction deviating from the vertical after reaching the node region 29 with respect to the longitudinal central axis 18.
  • the cone formed by the atomized metal particles and originating in the node 29 can thus be pivoted out of the longitudinal central axis 18 as a whole.
  • the ultrasonic vibrators 12 are arranged wholly or partially in a section of the nozzle 11 designed as a bellows 36.
  • the bellows 36 In the present exemplary embodiment, only the upper half of the ultrasonic vibrators 12 is assigned to the bellows 36, so that it forms the acceleration section 20 or the narrowing section 21 of the nozzle 11.
  • the lower half of the ultrasonic vibrators 12 is assigned to a fixed section of the nozzle 11, namely approximately the outlet section 22, which can be pivoted together with the ultrasonic vibrators 12.
  • Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the device.
  • This device enables a particularly high atomization capacity, in which all the node regions 28 and 29 of the ultrasound field 27 serve to atomize the jets of liquid metal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

1. Process and device for the atomisation of at least one jet of a liquid, preferably molten metal. <??>2.1. Known methods and devices of the type concerned here have poor atomisation performance and consequently slow cooling of the atomised metal particles or the like. This leads to unfavourable grain formations. The process according to the invention and a corresponding device are intended to obviate these disadvantages. <??>2.2. As regards the process, it is proposed to atomise the molten metal particles or the like in a compressed gaseous medium, which offers a higher energy transfer for the ultrasound employed. It is furthermore proposed, as regards the device, to employ a plurality of ultrasonic oscillators (12). By superposition, these produce a (common) ultrasonic field (27) with a high energy density in the nodal region (29). This gives more intensive atomisation and an associated improvement in the quenching rate. <??>2.3. The method proposed and the corresponding device are particularly suitable for producing specific materials or objects composed of these materials. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Zerstäuben min­destens eines Strahls eines flüssigen Stoffs, vorzugs­weise geschmolzenen Metalls, gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 7.The invention relates to a method for atomizing at least one jet of a liquid substance, preferably molten metal, according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device for atomizing according to the preamble of claim 7.

Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Zerstäuben flüssiger Stoffe bzw. geschmolzenen Metalls sind grundsätzlich be­kannt. In zunehmendem Maße finden solche Verfahren auch auf dem Werkstoffsektor zur Herstellung bestimmter Werk­stoffe, insbesondere solcher mit spezifischen Eigen­schaften Verwendung. Das Zerstäuben des aus einem Tiegel austretenden Strahls mit bis auf Temperaturen oberhalb des Liquiduspunktes erhitzten Metallpartikeln, also der Schmelze, erfolgt dabei durch ein stehendes Ultraschall­feld, das zwischen einem Schwinger und einem (nicht ak­tiven) Reflektor gebildet wird. Nachteilig hieran ist die begrenzte Ultraschall-Leistung. Das führt dazu, daß bekannte Vorrichtungen und Verfahren zum Ultraschall-Zer­stäuben geschmolzener Metalle bisher nur in geringem Um­fange eingesetzt worden sind, und zwar meist das Labor­stadium nicht überschritten haben. Auch im Zusammenhang mit anderen Einsatzzwecken, beispielsweise beim Zerstäu­ben von Flüssigkeitsstrahlen mit Ultraschall, hat sich die nur begrenzt verfügbare Ultraschall-Leistung als Hemmnis für eine gerwerbsmäßige Anwendung herausge­stellt.Methods and devices for atomizing liquid substances or molten metal are known in principle. Such processes are also increasingly being used in the materials sector for producing certain materials, in particular those with specific properties. The atomization of the jet emerging from a crucible with temperatures up to above metal particles heated at the liquidus point, ie the melt, is carried out by a standing ultrasound field, which is formed between a vibrator and a (non-active) reflector. The disadvantage here is the limited ultrasound power. As a result, known devices and methods for ultrasonically atomizing molten metals have so far only been used to a limited extent, and in most cases have not exceeded the laboratory stage. Also in connection with other uses, for example when atomizing liquid jets with ultrasound, the ultrasound power, which is only available to a limited extent, has proven to be an obstacle to commercial use.

Des weiteren führt die geringe Ultraschall-Leistung beim Zerstäuben von flüssigen Metallen dazu, daß die damit gleichzeitig einhergehende Abkühlung der Schmelze auf Temperaturen unterhalb des Soliduspunktes nicht rasch genug erfolgen kann. Das hat ein unkontrolliertes Abkühlen der zerstäubten Teilpartikelchen und damit verbundenen ungünstigen Korngrößen und -eigenschaften zur Folge.Furthermore, the low ultrasound power when atomizing liquid metals means that the associated cooling of the melt to temperatures below the solidus point cannot take place quickly enough. This results in an uncontrolled cooling of the atomized particles and the associated unfavorable grain sizes and properties.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrun­de, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung der eingangs ge­nannten Art zu schaffen, wodurch eine erhöhte Zerstäu­bungsleistung und beim Zerstäuben von flüssigem Metall eine bessere Abschreckung der zerstäubten Metallpartikel gewährleistet ist.Proceeding from this, the object of the invention is to create a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset, as a result of which an increased atomization capacity and better atomization of the atomized metal particles is ensured when atomizing liquid metal.

Verfahrensmäßig wird diese Aufgabe durch den Anspruch 1 gelöst. Durch die Erzeugung des Ultraschallfeldes in einem verdichteten, also unter Überdruck stehenden Medium, wird eine höhere Energie-Übertragung ermöglicht. Das führt dazu, daß mit einem Ultraschallfeld höherer Energiedichte bei der Zerstäubung gearbeitet werden kann und damit eine größere Zerstäubungsleistung erreichbar ist.In procedural terms, this object is achieved by claim 1. The generation of the ultrasound field in a compressed medium, that is to say under excess pressure, enables a higher energy transfer. This leads to the fact that an ultrasound field with higher energy density can be used for the atomization and thus a greater atomization performance can be achieved is.

Aus der durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erhöhten Zerstäubungsleistung resultiert darüber hinaus eine bessere Abschreckung der zerstäubten Metallpartikel, da diese durch das energiereichere Ultraschallfeld einen größeren Impuls erhalten, der zu einem vergrößerten "Schlupf" der Metallpartikel im druckbeaufschlagten Medium, in der die Zerstäubung stattfindet, führt. Hier­durch wird verhindert, daß sich um die Metallpartikel herum jeweils ein Schleier angewärmten Gases bildet; vielmehr können die Metallpartikel aufgrund ihrer Beauf­schlagung durch einen höheren Impuls in ständigen Kon­takt mit frischem, noch nicht vorgewärmten Umgebungsgas gebracht werden.The atomization capacity increased by the method according to the invention also results in a better quenching of the atomized metal particles, since the energy-rich ultrasonic field gives them a greater momentum, which leads to an increased "slippage" of the metal particles in the pressurized medium in which the atomization takes place. This prevents a veil of heated gas from forming around the metal particles; rather, the metal particles can be brought into constant contact with fresh, not yet preheated, ambient gas due to their action by a higher impulse.

Des weiteren wird vorgeschlagen, das druckbeaufschlagte gasförmige Medium auf eine Temperatur unterhalb des Liquiduspunktes der Metallpartikel abzukühlen, vozugs­weise auf Temperaturen bis minimal -200° C., wodurch Abkühlraten von > 10⁷K/s erreicht werden können. Diese Maßnahme führt ohne einen nennenswerten zusätzlichen Aufwand zu einer Schnellabschreckung.Furthermore, it is proposed to cool the pressurized gaseous medium to a temperature below the liquidus point of the metal particles, preferably to temperatures down to a minimum of -200 ° C., whereby cooling rates of> 10⁷K / s can be achieved. This measure leads to rapid deterrence without any significant additional effort.

Des weiteren wird verfahrensgemäß vorgeschlagen, die zer­stäubten Metallpartikel zur Bildung eines Halbzeuges oder eines gewünschten Formteiles unmittelbar nach dem Abschrecken und Zerstäuben zu kompaktieren. Hierdurch werden die abgeschreckten Metallpartikel unter Ausnut­zung ihrer superplastischen Eigenschaften vorzugsweise druckunterstützt auf eine entsprechende Unterlage "auf­geschossen", wobei eine Verschweißung der einzelnen Me­talpartikel erfolgt. Das Kompaktieren wird zweckmäßiger­weise dann vorgenommen, wenn die zerstäubten Metallparti­kel eine feste Phase erlangt haben und soweit abgekühlt sind, daß einerseits eine Gefügeumwandlung nicht mehr stattfindet und andererseits die Metallpartikel noch warm genug zum Verschweißen sind.Furthermore, according to the method it is proposed to compact the atomized metal particles immediately after quenching and atomizing to form a semi-finished product or a desired molded part. As a result, the quenched metal particles are preferably "shot" onto a corresponding base using their superplastic properties with the aid of pressure, the individual metal particles being welded together. The compacting is expediently carried out when the atomized metal particles have reached a solid phase and have cooled to such an extent that, on the one hand, a structural change no longer takes place and, on the other hand, the metal particles are still warm enough to be welded.

Die vorrichtungsmäßige Lösung der Aufgabe ist dem An­spruch 7 zu entnehmen. Durch die Verwendung mindestens zweier (aktiver) Schwinger, also eines Schwingerpaares, entsteht ein besonders energiereiches Ultraschallfeld. Zur weiteren Leistungssteigerung können weitere Schwin­gerpaare vorgesehen werden, die zweckmäßigerweise gleiche Daten sowie auch superpositionsfähige Parameter hinsichtlich Leistung, Frequenz sowie Amplitude der Schwinger aufweisen und derart angeordnet sind, daß ihr stehendes Ultraschallfeld einen oder auch mehrere gemein­same Knotenbereiche aufweist. Durch Hindurchleiten des im Tiegel erzeugten Schmelzstrahls durch diesen Knotenbe­reich findet die Zerstäubung dort statt, wo eine Super­position der Ultraschallfelder erfolgt, das heißt die größte Engergiedichte vorhanden ist. Verglichen zu her­kömmlichen Vorrichtungen ermöglicht die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung einen erheblich größeren Durchfluß an zu zerstäubender Schmelzmasse und einem damit verbundenen wirtschaftlicheren Einsatz. Gleichzeitig wird durch die Superposition mehrerer Ultraschallfelder trotz eines erhöhten Durchsatzes zu zerstäubender Schmelze auch noch eine geforderte Schnellabschreckung zur Bildung eines Feinstgefüges erreicht. Auch wird durch die Verwendung zweier aktiver Schwinger ein Ankleben zerstäubter Par­tikel an die Schwingerfläche wirksam vermieden.The device-related solution to the problem can be found in claim 7. The use of at least two (active) transducers, i.e. a pair of transducers, creates a particularly high-energy ultrasound field. To further increase the power, further pairs of transducers can be provided, which expediently have the same data and also superpositionable parameters with regard to power, frequency and amplitude of the transducers and are arranged such that their standing ultrasound field has one or more common node areas. By passing the melt jet generated in the crucible through this node area, the atomization takes place where the ultrasound fields are superpositioned, that is to say the greatest energy density is present. Compared to conventional devices, the device according to the invention enables a considerably larger flow of melt mass to be atomized and a more economical use associated therewith. At the same time, the superposition of several ultrasound fields, despite an increased throughput of melt to be atomized, also achieves a rapid quenching required to form a microstructure. The use of two active transducers also effectively prevents atomized particles from sticking to the transducer surface.

Nach einer besonder vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Vor­richtung ist vorgesehen, die Ultraschallschwinger in ihrer Lage derart gemeinsam zu verändern, daß die (hori­zontale) Schwingerachse beliebige Neigungen erhält. Da­mit ist es möglich, die zerstäubten Partikel aus einer vertikalen Bahn gezielt abzulenken. Es ist so ein Kom­paktieren komplexer Werkstücke vorteilhaft durchführbar.According to a particularly advantageous development of the device, it is provided that the position of the ultrasonic transducers is changed jointly in such a way that the (horizontal) transducer axis is given any inclinations. This makes it possible to specifically deflect the atomized particles from a vertical path. It is thus advantageously possible to compact complex workpieces.

Nach einem weiteren Vorschlag der Erfindung ist dem Aus­tritt der Schmelze aus dem Tiegel eine Düse nachgeord­net, die vorzugsweise lavaldüsenartig ausgebildet ist.According to a further proposal of the invention, a nozzle is arranged downstream of the melt exit from the crucible, which nozzle is preferably designed like a Laval nozzle.

Die Schwinger sind dabei derart der Düse zugeordnet, daß der Knotenbereich der superpositionierten Ultraschall­felder gegenüber dem engsten Querschnitt der Düse gering­fügig zum Tiegel hin versetzt ist. Dadurch erfolgt nicht nur eine Beschleunigung der Stoffe durch die Zerstäubung im Knotenbereich der Ultraschallfelder, sondern zusätz­lich auch eine Richtungszuweisung durch die sich nach dem Knotenbereich noch verengende Düse.The oscillators are assigned to the nozzle in such a way that the node area of the superpositioned ultrasonic fields is slightly offset towards the crucible compared to the narrowest cross section of the nozzle. This not only accelerates the substances due to atomization in the node area of the ultrasonic fields, but also assigns a direction through the nozzle, which narrows after the node area.

Schließlich wird vorgeschlagen, der Düse einen (Druck-) Behälter nachzuordnen. Eine solche vorrichtung eignet sich besonders auch zur Durchführung des eingangs geschilderten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, weil dadurch sowohl im Bereich der Düse als auch im Bereich des Druck­behälters in einfacher Weise eine Verdichtung des gas­förmigen Trägermediums für die Ultraschallwelle möglich ist. Die Energiedichte im zur Zerstäubung dienenden Ultraschall-Knotenbereich wird somit durch eine Kombina­tion mehrerer engergiesteigernder Maßnahmen, nämlich die Superposition mehrerer Ultraschallfelder und die Erhö­gung der Energieübertragung im verdichteten Medium opti­mal gestaltet. Weiterhin kann der Druckbehälter genutzt werden zur Aufnahme einer Auftragfläche bzw. Auftragform zur Kompaktierung der zerstäubten und abgeschreckten Mikro-Metallpartikel. Alternativ kann auch die gesamte Vorrichtung in einem Druckbehälter untergebracht sein. Dies hat insbesondere eine Druckentlastung im Tiegel zur Folge.Finally, it is proposed to place a (pressure) container behind the nozzle. Such a device is also particularly suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention described at the outset, because it enables the gaseous carrier medium for the ultrasonic wave to be compressed in a simple manner both in the region of the nozzle and in the region of the pressure vessel. The energy density in the ultrasound node area serving for atomization is thus optimally designed by a combination of several narrow-casting measures, namely the superposition of several ultrasound fields and the increase in energy transmission in the compressed medium. Furthermore, the pressure vessel can be used to hold an application surface or application form for compacting the atomized and quenched micro-metal particles. Alternatively, the entire device can also be accommodated in a pressure vessel. This results in particular in pressure relief in the crucible.

Der nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren unter Zuhilfe­nahme der vorstehend beschriebenen Vorrichtung entstehen­de Werkstoff verfügt über besonders günstige Eigen­schaften, da hierdurch ein besonders homogenes kristallines bzw. amorphes Gefüge mit globularen Kör­nern, die < 0,1 µm sein können, entsteht. Ein solches Material verfügt über superplastische Eigenschaften, die eine isotrope Verformbarkeit ermöglichen. Das schnelle Abkühlen führt auch zu einer Einbindung der Verunreini­ gungen in die aus den zerstäubten Metallpartikel ent­stehenden globularen Mikrokörnern.The material produced by the method according to the invention with the aid of the device described above has particularly favorable properties, since this produces a particularly homogeneous crystalline or amorphous structure with globular grains, which can be <0.1 μm. Such a material has superplastic properties that enable isotropic deformability. The rapid cooling also leads to the Verunreini being integrated in the globular microgranules formed from the atomized metal particles.

Ausführungsbeispiele der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen vereinfacht dargestellten Vertikal­schnitt durch die Vorrichtung,
  • Fig. 2 einen unteren Abschnitt eines Druckbe­hälters mit einem darin angeordneten Formenträger,
  • Fig. 3 einen horizontalen Querschnitt III-III durch die Vorrichtung gemäß der Fig. 1 im Bereich zweier Schwinger,
  • Fig. 4 einen teilweisen Vertikalschnitt gemäß der Fig. 1 durch eine zweite Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung, und
  • Fig. 5 einen teilweise dargestellten Vertikal­schnitt gemäß der Fig. 1 durch ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel der Vorrichtung.
Exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. In this show:
  • 1 is a simplified vertical section through the device,
  • 2 shows a lower section of a pressure vessel with a mold carrier arranged therein,
  • 3 shows a horizontal cross section III-III through the device according to FIG. 1 in the region of two oscillators,
  • Fig. 4 is a partial vertical section according to FIG. 1 through a second embodiment of the device, and
  • Fig. 5 is a partially shown vertical section according to FIG. 1 through a third embodiment of the device.

Die hier gezeigte Vorrichtung dient zur Zerstäubung eines Strahls flüssigen Metalls für die Herstellung eines metallischen Pulvers, von Werkzeugen, Halbzeugen und Fertigteilen.The device shown here is used to atomize a jet of liquid metal for the production of a metallic powder, tools, semi-finished products and finished parts.

Wie insbesondere aus der Fig. 1 entnehmbar, setzt sich die Vorrichtung zusammen aus einem Tiegel 10, einer sich daran anschließenden Düse 11 und im vorliegenden Aus­führungsbeispiel zwei Ultraschallschwingern 12 sowie einem letzteren nachgeordneten Druckbehälter 13.As can be seen in particular from FIG. 1, the device is composed of a crucible 10, an adjoining nozzle 11 and, in the present exemplary embodiment, two ultrasonic vibrators 12 and a pressure vessel 13 arranged downstream of the latter.

Der Tiegel 10 am oberen Bereich der Vorrichtung ist hier flaschenförmig ausgebildet mit einer nach unten weisenden, sich verjüngenden Öffnung 14. Gefüllt ist der Tiegel 10 im vorliegenden Falle bis zum Pegelstand 15 mit dem zu schmelzenden und verdüsenden Rohmaterial aus pulver- bzw. körnchenförmigem metallischen Granulat 16. Durch eine in der Fig. 1 punktstrichliniert dargestellte Heizspirale 17 um den Tiegel 10 erfolgt ein Schmelzen des darin enthaltenen Granulats 16 auf eine Temperatur oberhalb des Liquiduspunktes.The crucible 10 at the upper area of the device is bottle-shaped with a downwardly tapering opening 14. In the present case, the crucible 10 is filled to the level 15 with the raw material to be melted and atomized from powdered or granular metallic granulate 16. The heating coil 17 around the crucible 10, shown in dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1, melts the granules 16 contained therein to a temperature above the liquidus point.

Die mittig in bezug auf eine aufrechte Längsmittelachse 18 der Vorrichtung angeordnete Öffnung 14 des Tiegels 10 mündet in einen aufrechten Eintrittstrichter 19 der Düse 11. Diese ist hier etwa lavaldüsenartig ausgebildet, verfügt nämlich über einen oberen längs eines umlaufen­den Bogens sich verjüngenden Beschleunigungsabschnitt 20, einen sich daran anschließenden Verjüngungsabschnitt 21 und einen unteren kegelstumpfartigen Austrittsab­schnitt 22.The opening 14 of the crucible 10, which is arranged centrally with respect to an upright longitudinal central axis 18 of the device, opens into an upright inlet funnel 19 of the nozzle 11. This is designed here in a laval nozzle-like manner, namely has an upper acceleration section 20 tapering along a circumferential arc adjoining taper section 21 and a lower frustoconical outlet section 22.

Im oberen Bereich des Beschleunigungsabschnitts 20 mün­det von der Seite her ein Gaszufuhrkanal, der im vorlie­genden Ausführungsbeispiel als radial umlaufender Ring­kanal 23 ausgebildet ist. Durch diesen ist ein gasförmi­ges Prozeßmedium, vorzugsweise ein auf eine Temperatur unterhalb der Raumtemperatur abgekühltes Inert- oder Re­aktionsgas, unter Druck der Vorrichtung zuführbar.In the upper area of the acceleration section 20, a gas supply channel opens from the side, which in the present exemplary embodiment is designed as a radially circumferential annular channel 23. A gaseous process medium, preferably an inert or reaction gas cooled to a temperature below room temperature, can be fed through this under pressure of the device.

Dem mittleren Verengungsabschnitt 21 der Düse 11 sind im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel die beiden Ultraschall­schwinger 12 gegenüberliegend angeordnet, und zwar der­art, daß sie auf einer gemeinsamen, horizontalen Schwin­gerachse 24 liegen, die die Längsmittelachse 18 der Vorrichtung schneidet. Die Ultraschallschwinger 12 sind mit ihren vorderen Abschnitten durch entsprechende Durch­führungsöffnungen 25 in den Verengungsabschnitt 21 der Düse eingeführt. Dazu sind die Durchführungsöffnungen 25 mit jeweils einem korrespondierenden, umlaufenden Kragen 26 versehen. Die Fixierung der Ultraschallschwinger 12 erfolgt separat in geeigneter, nicht dargestellter Weise außerhalb der vorderen Köpfe der Ultraschallschwinger 12, und zwar schwingungsmäßig entkoppelt.In the present exemplary embodiment, the two ultrasonic vibrators 12 are arranged opposite the central narrowing section 21 of the nozzle 11, in such a way that they lie on a common, horizontal vibrator axis 24 which intersects the longitudinal central axis 18 of the device. The front sections of the ultrasonic vibrators 12 are inserted into the constriction section 21 of the nozzle through corresponding through openings 25. For this purpose, the through openings 25 each provided with a corresponding circumferential collar 26. The ultrasound transducers 12 are fixed separately in a suitable manner, not shown, outside the front heads of the ultrasound transducers 12, to be precise in terms of vibration.

Die Relativlage der Schwingerachse 24 in bezug auf die einzelnen Abschnitte der Düse 11 ist hier derart ge­troffen, daß die Schwingerachse 24 etwas oberhalb des Verengungsabschnitts 21 sich befindet, also etwa im End­bereich des Beschleunigungsabschnitts 20.The relative position of the oscillator axis 24 with respect to the individual sections of the nozzle 11 is here such that the oscillator axis 24 is located somewhat above the narrowing section 21, that is to say approximately in the end region of the acceleration section 20.

Die beiden Ultraschallschwinger 12 sind im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel gleich ausgebildet, verfügen insbe­sondere über gleiche Leistungen, Frequenzen und Amplitu­den, erzeugen nämlich gleiche, einander überlagerte Ultraschallfelder 27 von etwa 20 KHz bei einer Schwinger­leistung von 250 bis zu 3000 W. Im gezeigten Ausführungs­beispiel haben die beiden Ultraschallschwinger 12 einen Abstand von sechs Viertelwellen, wobei sie drei Knoten­bereiche 28 bzw. 29 bilden, von denen der mittlere, auf der Schwingerachse 24 und der Längsmittelachse 18 liegende Knotenbereich 29 zur Zerstäubung des aus dem Tiegel 10 austretenden Strahls der zu zerstäubenden Schmelze dient.In the present exemplary embodiment, the two ultrasonic vibrators 12 are of identical design, in particular they have the same powers, frequencies and amplitudes, namely they produce the same, superimposed ultrasonic fields 27 of approximately 20 KHz with a vibrating power of 250 to 3000 W. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the two ultrasonic vibrators 12 a distance of six quarter waves, whereby they form three node regions 28 and 29, of which the middle node region 29, which lies on the oscillator axis 24 and the longitudinal central axis 18, serves to atomize the jet of the melt to be atomized, which emerges from the crucible 10.

Wie weiterhin der Fig. 1 entnommen werden kann, verfügt die Düse 11 an ihrem unteren Rand über einen kreisring­förmigen Flansch 30, an den der Druckbehälter 13 mit einem korrespondierenden Anschlußflansch 31 befestigbar ist, vorzugsweise lösbar durch nicht dargestellte Schrau­ben.1, the nozzle 11 has at its lower edge an annular flange 30 to which the pressure vessel 13 can be fastened with a corresponding connecting flange 31, preferably releasably by means of screws, not shown.

Der Druckbehälter kann im einfachsten Falle - wie ge­zeigt - aus einem zylindrischen Mantel 32 und einem ebenen, horizontalen Boden 33 bestehen. In diesem Falle kann der Boden 33 zur Aufnahme einer in der Fig. 1 ge­zeigten Trägerplatte 34 dienen, auf die die zerstäubten Metallpartikel aufbringbar sind, und zwar vorzugsweise zum Kompaktieren.In the simplest case, the pressure vessel can - as shown - consist of a cylindrical jacket 32 and a flat, horizontal bottom 33. In this case, the bottom 33 can serve to receive a carrier plate 34 shown in FIG. 1, onto which the atomized Metal particles can be applied, preferably for compacting.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine auf dem Boden 33 des Druckbehäl­ters 13 angeordnete Negativform 35. Dadurch können im Druckbehälter bereits fertige Werkstücke beliebiger Ge­stalt durch Kompaktieren im superplastischen Zustand der Metallpartikel hergestellt werden. Vorzugsweise lassen sich so rotationssymmetrische Teile herstellen. Damit diese eine nahezu gleichmäßige Wandstärke erhalten, kann die Negativform 35 im Druckbehälter 13 um ihre (senk­rechte) Rotationsachse durch einen geeigneten Antrieb kontinuierlich gedreht werden.FIG. 2 shows a negative mold 35 arranged on the bottom 33 of the pressure vessel 13. As a result, finished workpieces of any shape can be produced in the pressure vessel by compacting in the superplastic state of the metal particles. In this way, rotationally symmetrical parts can preferably be produced. So that they get an almost uniform wall thickness, the negative mold 35 in the pressure vessel 13 can be rotated continuously about its (vertical) axis of rotation by a suitable drive.

Alternativ ist es auch denkbar, abweichend vom gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel den Druckbehälter so groß auszubil­den, daß in diesem der Tiegel 10 mit der Düse 11 und den Ultraschallschwingern 12 vollständig eingesetzt werden kann, beispielsweise hängend unter einem den Druckbehäl­ter verschließenden Deckel. Diese alternative Ausbildung des Druckbehälters ist in der Fig. 1 strichpunktiert an­gedeutet.Alternatively, it is also conceivable, deviating from the embodiment shown, to design the pressure vessel so large that the crucible 10 with the nozzle 11 and the ultrasonic transducers 12 can be fully inserted therein, for example hanging under a lid closing the pressure vessel. This alternative design of the pressure vessel is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt eine alternative Anordnung einer Viel­zahl von Ultraschallschwinger 12, derart, daß zur weiteren Leistungssteigerung mehrere Schwingerpaare aus einander gegenüberliegenden Ultraschallschwingern 12 vorgesehen sind. Dementsprechend sind in der Fig. 3 dem Schwingerpaar aus den beiden Ultraschallschwingern 12 drei weitere strichpunktiert dargestellte Schwingerpaare zugeordnet, deren Schwingerachsen 24 in einer gemeinsamen horizontalen Ebene liegen zur Erzeugung weiterer Ultraschallfelder, die allesamt im (mittigen) Knotenbereich 29 auf der Längsmittelachse 18 der Vorrichtung liegen.Fig. 3 shows an alternative arrangement of a plurality of ultrasonic transducers 12, such that a plurality of pairs of transducers from opposing ultrasonic transducers 12 are provided to further increase performance. Accordingly, in FIG. 3, the pair of oscillators from the two ultrasonic oscillators 12 are assigned three further pairs of oscillators, shown in dash-dot lines, whose oscillator axes 24 lie in a common horizontal plane for generating further ultrasonic fields, all of which lie in the (central) node region 29 on the longitudinal central axis 18 of the device .

Die gezeigte Vorrichtung ermöglicht eine besonders hohe Zerstäubungsleistung und hohe Abschreckraten, indem durch mehrere Ultraschallschwinger 12, die jeweils ein gleiches Ultraschallfeld 27 erzeugen, eine hohe Energie­dichte im Knotenbereich 29 entsteht und darüber hinaus die Ultraschallwelle 27 durch ein verdichtetes gas­förmiges Medium mit hohen Energieübertragungseigen­schaften hindurchgeleitet wird. Es ist aber auch mög­lich, eine Verbesserung der Zerstäubungsleistung bekannter Vorrichtungen bzw. Verfahren dieser Art schon dadurch zu erreichen, daß entweder (wie beim Stand der Technik) mit nur einem Ultraschallschwinger die Zerstäu­bung in einem unter Druck stehenden gasförmigen Medium, also im Druckbehälter 13 erfolgt, oder mit einer Mehr­zahl von Ultraschallschwingern in einem unter (normalen) atmosphärischen Druck stehenden gasförmigen Medium das Zerstäuben des geschmolzenen Metalls erfolgt. In diesem Fall kann der Druckbehälter 13 oder der strichpunktiert dargestellte Druckbehälter entfallen.The device shown enables a particularly high atomization performance and high quenching rates by a plurality of ultrasonic vibrators 12, each of which generates the same ultrasonic field 27, results in a high energy density in the node region 29 and, moreover, the ultrasonic wave 27 is passed through a compressed gaseous medium with high energy transmission properties. However, it is also possible to achieve an improvement in the atomization performance of known devices or methods of this type in that, either (as in the prior art), atomization takes place in a pressurized gaseous medium, that is to say in the pressure container 13, using only one ultrasonic oscillator , or with a plurality of ultrasonic vibrators in a gaseous medium under (normal) atmospheric pressure, the atomization of the molten metal is carried out. In this case, the pressure vessel 13 or the pressure vessel shown in broken lines can be omitted.

Die in der Fig. 1 gezeigte Vorrichtung arbeitet wie folgt: Das im Tiegel 10 durch die Heizspirale 17 er­hitzte Granulat oder dergleichen aus metallischem Werk­stoff gelangt durch die Öffnung 14 des Tiegels 10 in Form eines flüssigen Strahls in den Beschleunigungs­abschnitt 20 der Düse 11, wo es vor Erreichen des Veren­gungsabschnitts 21 im Knotenbereich 29 durch die Ultra­schallwelle 27 zerstäubt wird. Die durch das Zerstäuben und die anschließende weitere Verengung der Düse 11 auf den Verengungsabschnitt 21 erfolgende Beschleunigung der Metallpartikel bewirkt einen "Schlupf" desselben im gas­förmigen Medium. Das hat eine Schnellabschreckung der zuerstäubten Metallpartikel zur Folge. Die Schnellab­schreckung wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch noch erhöht, daß zum einen das Zerstäuben in einem verdichteten gasförmi­gen Medium stattfindet, woduch eine höhrere Energie von der Ultraschallwelle 27 aufbringbar ist und zum anderen der Düse 11 durch den Ringkanal 23 mit Überdruck Inert­gas (Stickstoff) oder Reaktionsgas (Wasserstoff) zuführ­bar ist, welches bis zum -200° C abgekühlt sein kann.The device shown in FIG. 1 operates as follows: The granulate or the like made of metallic material heated in the crucible 10 by the heating coil 17 passes through the opening 14 of the crucible 10 in the form of a liquid jet into the acceleration section 20 of the nozzle 11, where it is atomized by the ultrasonic wave 27 in the node region 29 before reaching the constriction section 21. The acceleration of the metal particles due to the atomization and the subsequent further constriction of the nozzle 11 onto the constriction section 21 causes the metal particles to "slip" in the gaseous medium. This results in a rapid quenching of the metal particles that are first soaked. The rapid quenching is further increased according to the invention in that, on the one hand, the atomization takes place in a compressed gaseous medium, which means that a higher energy can be applied by the ultrasonic wave 27 and, on the other hand, the nozzle 11 through the ring channel 23 with excess pressure of inert gas (nitrogen) or reaction gas (hydrogen ) which can be cooled down to -200 ° C.

Die in der vorstehend beschriebenen Weise zerstäubten und schnell abgeschreckten Metallpartikel verfügen über sehr kleine, überwiegend globulare Körner (< 0,1 µm), die soweit abgekühlt sind, daß keine Gefügeumwandlung mehr stattfindet, aber unter Ausnutzung der super­plastischen Eigenschaften eine Verschweißung der Körner erfolgt, wenn diese kompaktiert werden, also auf die Trä­gerplatte 34 oder die Negativform 35 auf dem Boden 33 des Druckbehälters 13 druckunterstützt aufgebracht wer­den.The metal particles atomized and quickly quenched in the manner described above have very small, predominantly globular grains (<0.1 µm) which have cooled to such an extent that no structural change takes place, but the grains are welded using the superplastic properties, if they are compacted, that is to say applied to the carrier plate 34 or the negative mold 35 on the bottom 33 of the pressure vessel 13 in a pressure-assisted manner.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel der er­findungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, welches sich von demjenigen der Fig. 1 bis 3 dadurch unterscheidet, daß die Ultra­schallschwinger 12 lageveränderlich der Düse 11 zugeord­net sind. Dazu sind die Ultraschallschwinger gleicher­maßen, aber in entgegengesetzten Richtungen derart gegen­über der Düse 11 bzw. mit einem Teil derselben in ihrer Lage veränderlich, daß die Schwingerachse 24 aus der (normalen) Horizontalen herausschwenkbar ist. Dadurch lassen sich die zerstäubten Metallpartikel nach Errei­chen des Knotenbereichs 29 gegenüber der Längsmittel­achse 18 ablenken in eine aus der Vertikalen abweichende Richtung. Der von den zerstäubten Metallpartikeln gebil­dete Kegel mit Ursprung im Knotenpunkt 29 ist damit als Ganzes aus der Längsmittelachse 18 herausschwenkbar.FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention, which differs from that of FIGS. 1 to 3 in that the ultrasonic oscillators 12 are assigned to the nozzle 11 in a variable position. For this purpose, the position of the ultrasonic transducers can be changed in the same way, but in opposite directions relative to the nozzle 11 or with part of it, in such a way that the transducer axis 24 can be pivoted out of the (normal) horizontal. As a result, the atomized metal particles can be deflected in a direction deviating from the vertical after reaching the node region 29 with respect to the longitudinal central axis 18. The cone formed by the atomized metal particles and originating in the node 29 can thus be pivoted out of the longitudinal central axis 18 as a whole.

Darüber hinaus ist es denkbar, die Ultraschallschwinger 12 bei gleichbleibendem Abstand in Richtung längs zur Schwingerachse 24 zu verschieben, wodurch der Knotenbe­reich 29 sich exakt mit der Längsmittelachse 18 zur Deckung bringen läßt, bzw. bei einem von der Längsmittel­achse 18 abweichenden Knotenbereich 29 mit dem aus dem Tiegel 10 austretenden Strahl flüssigen Metalls wieder zur Deckung bringen läßt. Auch sind so Abweichungen der Lage des Knotenbereichs 29 zwischen den Ultraschall­schwingern 12 so ausgleichbar, daß der Knotenbereich 29 wiederum vom Strahl getroffen wird.In addition, it is conceivable to move the ultrasonic transducers 12 at a constant distance in the direction of the transducer axis 24, as a result of which the node region 29 can be made to coincide exactly with the longitudinal central axis 18, or with a node region 29 which deviates from the longitudinal central axis 18 can bring the crucible 10 emerging jet of liquid metal to cover again. Deviations in the position of the node area 29 between the ultrasonic vibrators 12 can also be compensated for in such a way that the node area 29 is again hit by the beam.

Bei dieser Vorrichtung sind die Ultraschallschwinger 12 ganz oder teilweise in einem als Faltenbalg 36 ausgebil­deten Abschnitt der Düse 11 angeordnet. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist nur der oberen Hälfte der Ultra­schallschwinger 12 der Faltenbalg 36 zugeordnet, so daß dieser den Beschleunigungsabschnitt 20 bzw. den Ver­engnungsabschnitt 21 der Düse 11 bildet. Die untere Hälfte der Ultraschallschwinger 12 ist einem festen Ab­schnitt der Düse 11, nämlich etwa dem Austrittsabschnitt 22 zugeordnet, der zusammen mit den Ultraschallschwin­gern 12 verschwenkbar ist.In this device, the ultrasonic vibrators 12 are arranged wholly or partially in a section of the nozzle 11 designed as a bellows 36. In the present exemplary embodiment, only the upper half of the ultrasonic vibrators 12 is assigned to the bellows 36, so that it forms the acceleration section 20 or the narrowing section 21 of the nozzle 11. The lower half of the ultrasonic vibrators 12 is assigned to a fixed section of the nozzle 11, namely approximately the outlet section 22, which can be pivoted together with the ultrasonic vibrators 12.

Schließlich zeigt die Fig. 3 ein drittes Ausführungsbei­spiel der Vorrichtung. Diese weicht dadurch von den vor­stehenden Ausführungsbeispielen der Vorrichtung ab, daß drei vorzugsweise in einer gemeinsamen vertikalen Ebene nebeneinanderliegende Tiegel 10 der Düse 11 zugeordnet sind. Der Abstand diese drei Tiegel 10 ist derart ge­wählt, daß die drei aus demselben austretenden Strahlen geschmolzenen Metalls auf jeweils einen der drei Knoten­bereiche 28 bzw. 29 des Ultraschallfeldes 27 gerichtet sind. Diese Vorrichtung ermöglicht eine besonders hohe Zerstäubungsleistung, in dem sämtliche Knotenbereiche 28 und 29 des Ultraschallfeldes 27 zur Zerstäubung der Strahlen flüssigen Metalls dienen.Finally, Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of the device. This differs from the above exemplary embodiments of the device in that three crucibles 10 which are preferably adjacent to one another in a common vertical plane are assigned to the nozzle 11. The distance between these three crucibles 10 is selected such that the three molten metals emerging from the same are directed at one of the three node areas 28 and 29 of the ultrasonic field 27. This device enables a particularly high atomization capacity, in which all the node regions 28 and 29 of the ultrasound field 27 serve to atomize the jets of liquid metal.

Die Arbeitsweisen dieser alternativen Ausführungsbei­spiele der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gemäß der Fig. 1 sind prinzipiell mit der weiter oben beschriebenen Ar­beitsweise der in der Fig. 1 gezeigten Vorrichtung ver­gleichbar.The working methods of these alternative exemplary embodiments of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1 are in principle comparable to the working method of the device shown in FIG. 1 described above.

Claims (22)

1. Verfahren zum Zerstäuben mindestens eines Strahls eines flüssigen Stoffs, vorzugsweise geschmolzenen Metalls , wobei der Strahl durch ein Ultraschallfeld ge­leitet wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die flüssigen Stoffe (geschmolzene Metalle) innerhalb eines verdichte­ten gasförmigen Mediums durch das Ultraschallfeld (27) hindurchgeleitet werden.1. A method for atomizing at least one jet of a liquid substance, preferably molten metal, the beam being passed through an ultrasound field, characterized in that the liquid substances (molten metals) are passed through the ultrasound field (27) within a compressed gaseous medium. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als gasförmiges Medium ein Inertgas (Stickstoff) oder ein Reaktionsgas (Wasserstoff) verwendet wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an inert gas (nitrogen) or a reaction gas (hydrogen) is used as the gaseous medium. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das gasförmige Medium auf eine Temperatur unterhalb des Liquiduspunktes des zu zerstäubenden Metalls ge­bracht wird zur Schnellabschreckung desselben.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaseous medium is brought to a temperature below the liquidus point of the metal to be atomized for rapid quenching of the same. 4. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß unmittelbar nach dem Zerstäuben die Stoffpartikel, insbesondere Metallparti­kel, kompaktiert werden.4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the substance particles, in particular metal particles, are compacted immediately after atomization. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kompaktieren in dem zur Zerstäubung dienenden, verdichteten gasförmigen Medium durchgeführt wird.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the compacting is carried out in the atomizing, compressed gaseous medium. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß das Kompaktieren druckunterstützt durchgeführt wird, insbesondere unter Ausnutzung der superplastischen Eigenschaft der Metallpartikel.6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the compacting is carried out with the aid of pressure, in particular using the superplastic property of the metal particles. 7. Vorrichtung zum Zerstäuben mindestens eines Strahls eines flüssigen Stoffs, vorzugsweise geschmolzenen Me­talls, mit einem Tiegel zum Schmelzen des zu zerstäuben­den Stoffs bzw. Metalls und wenigstens einem Ultra­schall-Zerstäubungsorgan, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ultraschall-Zerstäubungsorgan mindestens zwei Ultra­schallschwinger (12) aufweist.7. Device for atomizing at least one jet of a liquid substance, preferably molten metal, with a crucible for melting the substance or metal to be atomized and at least one ultrasonic atomizing element, characterized in that the ultrasonic atomizing element has at least two ultrasonic vibrators (12) . 8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ultraschall-Zerstäubungsorgan zwei auf einer ge­meinsamen Schwingerachse (24) einander mit Abstand gegen­überliegende Ultraschallschwinger (12) aufweist.8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the ultrasonic atomizing element has two on a common oscillator axis (24) mutually opposite ultrasonic oscillators (12). 9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß beide Ultraschallschwinger (12) über die gleichen Kenngrößen, insbesondere gleiche Leistung, ver­fügen.9. Apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that both ultrasonic vibrators (12) have the same parameters, in particular the same power. 10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, sowie einem oder mehre­ ren der weiteren Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ultraschallschwinger (12) derart relativ zum Tiegel (10) angeordnet sind, daß ein von den Ultraschallschwin­gern (12) erzeugtes (stehendes) Ultraschallfeld (27) sowohl senkrecht als auch in einer kegelförmigen Ablenk­bahn mit variablen Winkel zu einer Längsmittelachse (18) verläuft.10. The device according to claim 7, and one or more Ren of the further claims, characterized in that the ultrasonic vibrators (12) are arranged relative to the crucible (10) such that an (standing) ultrasonic field (27) generated by the ultrasonic vibrators (12) both vertically and in a conical deflection path with variable Angle to a longitudinal central axis (18). 11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schwingerachse (24) durch entsprechende Lagever­änderung beider Ultraschallschwinger (12) in der Lage veränderbar ist, insbesondere aus der Horizontalen (Nor­mallage) herausschwenkbar ist, derart, daß das Ultra­schallfeld (27) sowohl senkrecht als auch in einer kegel­förmigen Ablenkbahn mit variablem Winkel zu der Längs­mittelachse (18) des Schmelzstrahls verläuft.11. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the oscillator axis (24) by changing the position of the two ultrasonic oscillators (12) in the position can be changed, in particular from the horizontal (normal position) can be swung out, such that the ultrasonic field (27) both vertically and also runs in a conical deflection path with a variable angle to the longitudinal central axis (18) of the melt jet. 12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, sowie einem oder mehre­ren der weiteren Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Austritt (Öffnung 14) der Schmelze aus dem Tiegel (10) eine Düse (11) angeordnet ist.12. The apparatus according to claim 7, as well as one or more of the further claims, characterized in that a nozzle (11) is arranged at the outlet (opening 14) of the melt from the crucible (10). 13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß im Bereich des engsten Querschnitts der Düse (11) die Ultraschallschwinger (12) angeordnet sind, vor­zugsweise derart, daß die Schwingerachse (24) derselben kurz vor dem engsten Querschnitt (Verengungsabschnitt) der Düse (11) (vom Tiegel 10 aus gesehen) sich befindet.13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that in the region of the narrowest cross section of the nozzle (11), the ultrasonic vibrators (12) are arranged, preferably such that the oscillator axis (24) thereof just before the narrowest cross section (constriction section) of the nozzle ( 11) (seen from crucible 10). 14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß die Düse (11) lavaldüsenartig ausgebildet ist.14. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the nozzle (11) is designed like a Laval nozzle. 15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, sowie einem oder mehre­ren der weiteren Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Düse (11) wenigstens eine Gas-Zufuhrleitung (Ring­kanal 23) zugeordnet ist.15. The apparatus according to claim 7, as well as one or more of the further claims, characterized in that the nozzle (11) is assigned at least one gas supply line (ring channel 23). 16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, daß die Gas-Zufuhrleitung als ein an der zum Tiegel (10) gerichteten (Zufluß-)Seite der Düse (11) angeord­neter Ringkanal (23) ausgebildet ist.16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in net that the gas supply line is formed as an on the crucible (10) directed (inflow) side of the nozzle (11) arranged annular channel (23). 17. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, sowie einem oder mehre­ren der weiteren Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Düse (11) ein Druckbehälter (13) nachgeordnet ist.17. The apparatus according to claim 11, as well as one or more of the further claims, characterized in that the nozzle (11) is followed by a pressure vessel (13). 18. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, sowie einem oder mehre­ren der weiteren Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens die Ultraschallschwinger (12), die Düse (11) und der Tiegel (10) innerhalb eines (gemeinsamen) Druck­behälters (13) angeordnet sind.18. The apparatus according to claim 11, as well as one or more of the further claims, characterized in that at least the ultrasonic vibrators (12), the nozzle (11) and the crucible (10) are arranged within a (common) pressure vessel (13). 19. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß im Druckbehälter (13) Einrichtungen zum Formen der zerstäubten Metallpartikel angeordnet sind.19. The apparatus according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that means for forming the atomized metal particles are arranged in the pressure vessel (13). 20. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, sowie einem oder mehre­ren der weiteren Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ultraschall-Zerstäubungsorgan mehrere Paare auf einer gemeinsamen Schwingerachse mit Abstand gegenüber­liegend angeordneter Ultraschallschwinger (12) aufweist.20. The apparatus according to claim 7, as well as one or more of the further claims, characterized in that the ultrasonic atomizing member has a plurality of pairs on a common oscillator axis at a distance from each other arranged ultrasonic oscillator (12). 21. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß sämtliche Paare gegenüberliegender Ultraschall­schwinger (12) ein festgelegtes Ultraschallfeld (27) bil­den, in dem sich ein oder mehrere Knotenbereiche (28, 29) ausbilden mit sich in einem gemeinsamen Knoten­bereich (29) kreuzenden Schwingerachsen angeordnet sind.21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that all pairs of opposing ultrasonic vibrators (12) form a fixed ultrasonic field (27), in which one or more node areas (28, 29) form with oscillating axes crossing in a common node area (29) are arranged. 22. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeich­net, daß mehreren, insbesondere jedem Knotenbereich (28, 29), wenigstens ein Tiegel (10) und vorzugsweise auch eine Düse (11) zugeordnet sind zum gleichzeitigen Zer­stäuben mehrerer Strahlen.22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that several, in particular each node area (28, 29), at least one crucible (10) and preferably also a nozzle (11) are assigned for the simultaneous atomization of several jets.
EP88115595A 1987-09-22 1988-09-22 Process and device for the atomization of at least one jet of a liquid, preferably molten metal Expired - Lifetime EP0308933B1 (en)

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AT88115595T ATE61261T1 (en) 1987-09-22 1988-09-22 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR ATOMIZING AT LEAST ONE JET OF LIQUID SUBSTANCE, PREFERABLY MOLTEN METAL.

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DE3731866 1987-09-22
DE3731866 1987-09-22
DE3735787 1987-10-10
DE19873735787 DE3735787A1 (en) 1987-09-22 1987-10-22 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SPRAYING AT LEAST ONE JET OF A LIQUID, PREFERABLY MOLTED METAL

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Also Published As

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DE3735787A1 (en) 1989-03-30
DE3861942D1 (en) 1991-04-11
DE3735787C2 (en) 1992-02-27
JPH01301810A (en) 1989-12-06
EP0308933B1 (en) 1991-03-06
US5164198A (en) 1992-11-17

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