EP0295503B1 - Boîte verseuse avec une paroi avant rabattable - Google Patents

Boîte verseuse avec une paroi avant rabattable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0295503B1
EP0295503B1 EP88108825A EP88108825A EP0295503B1 EP 0295503 B1 EP0295503 B1 EP 0295503B1 EP 88108825 A EP88108825 A EP 88108825A EP 88108825 A EP88108825 A EP 88108825A EP 0295503 B1 EP0295503 B1 EP 0295503B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flap
folding
peripheral wall
material strip
box
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88108825A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0295503A1 (fr
Inventor
Helmut Sachse
Armin Bippus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EFKADRUCK GmbH
Original Assignee
EFKADRUCK GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EFKADRUCK GmbH filed Critical EFKADRUCK GmbH
Priority to AT88108825T priority Critical patent/ATE66657T1/de
Publication of EP0295503A1 publication Critical patent/EP0295503A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0295503B1 publication Critical patent/EP0295503B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/72Contents-dispensing means
    • B65D5/721Contents-dispensing means consisting of mobile elements forming part of the containers or attached to the containers
    • B65D5/722Contents-dispensing means consisting of mobile elements forming part of the containers or attached to the containers having an alternating movement co-operating with incised or scored openings near the bottom-edges of the bodies of tubular containers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/02Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body
    • B65D5/16Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body the tubular body being formed with an aperture or removable portion arranged to allow removal or insertion of contents through one or more sides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a folding box blank of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • folding box blanks formed from a one-piece blank in a first type the four peripheral walls are connected by folding lines or adhesive tabs, so that the peripheral walls form a "standing" box tube after being unfolded from a flat shape intended for shipping, which may be by a Bottom wall and a ceiling wall can be closed; in a second type, a blank is formed in which the bottom wall and the ceiling wall and two opposite side walls, after being unfolded, constitute a "lying" box tube, the other two side walls of which are closed by tabs.
  • the US-A-3593908 already shows a folding box blank of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the folding box blank or blank is of the second type, ie it is designed so that the front and the rear peripheral wall as well as the bottom and the cover over folding edges parallel to the floor and connected to one another using an overlap adhesive arranged on one of these folding edges; the side circumferential walls and other reinforcing bottom and top flaps are folded into their correct position after the flat folding box has been unfolded and fastened by inserting it.
  • the dimensional stability of the known folding boxes of the second type, especially against upsetting pressures from above is considerably less than the dimensional stability of folding boxes of the first type, in which the peripheral walls are connected to one another in an articulated manner by longitudinal edges are. They are therefore generally less stackable, which is a major disadvantage for storage and transportation.
  • Folding box blanks of the first type generally have satisfactory crush resistance.
  • the folding boxes of this type which are often preferred for this reason, with circumferential walls connected by longitudinal edges, however, it is no longer readily possible to remove the material strip during the first folding and gluing process, in which the box tube is formed, to be placed on the inside of the removal flap and glued to it, since none of the bottom flaps is connected to the front circumferential wall by gluing in this operation.
  • the bottom flaps are generally only folded from their initial position into their operating position when the box is unfolded, i.e. the material strip could only be placed on the inside of the removal flap and glued to it when the box was unfolded and when the bottom was formed, for example with an automatic one Filling mode is not acceptable.
  • the desired compression stability results in the manner already described in that a folding box blank of the first type is selected.
  • the floor is designed as a so-called folding adhesive floor; during the first folding and gluing process, the base flaps are folded onto the peripheral walls in a special manner, which is described in more detail using an exemplary embodiment, and glued to one another. This gives the opportunity to strip the material with one of the bottom tabs that are on the front peripheral wall is folded to connect and glue to the removal flap during this folding process.
  • the third measure is to form the connecting line between the material strip and the assigned bottom flap as a tear edge, which makes it possible when the bottom is formed, the material strips remain on the removal flap.
  • the formation of the bottom as a folding adhesive base not only enables the connection of the material strip to a base flap in a box blank of the first type, but also has the advantage that this base does not have to be formed manually by inserting base flaps, so that this technical solution for the User is easier and faster to use.
  • the removal flap is punched out directly from the front circumferential wall, so that the removal flap and the removal opening are produced in one operation with one tool.
  • the removal flap lies within the outline of the front circumferential wall, so that no separate annex which enlarges the utility format has to be provided.
  • the pouring flap is completed by gluing on the material strip with the opening limiting tabs attached to it, for example, via folded edges. It is located by itself in the intended position of use after the strip of material has been stuck on, so that in this respect a very extensive degree of production is achieved and the completion work still to be carried out by the user is low.
  • the secured opening limiting tab is held by engagement between the associated adjacent peripheral wall and an overlap adhesive tab of the rear peripheral wall glued to it.
  • the gluing area between the overlap adhesive flap and the peripheral wall can be interrupted in the area of the engagement of the opening limiting flap, so that it is only held in a form-fitting manner.
  • the strip of material is produced in a continuous manner with the bottom flap of the front peripheral wall and can be torn off automatically by this when the jacket is first unfolded.
  • the strip of material is brought into its desired position and glued together with the bottom flap of the front peripheral wall, which has to be folded anyway for the purpose of forming a folding adhesive base. It remains connected to this bottom flap as long as the folding box blank maintains its flat folded state.
  • the tear edge is designed so that when the folding box is unfolded, i.e. when the bottom flap is pivoted from its position parallel to the front circumferential wall into the bottom plane, the strip of material is separated from this bottom flap.
  • the folding box 2 shown in FIG. 1 has a casing which is formed from the front peripheral wall 4, the lateral peripheral wall 6, the rear peripheral wall 8 and the further lateral peripheral wall 10.
  • a bottom 12 closes the lower end face, a cover 14 the upper end face of the folding box 2.
  • the bottom 12 can be designed in a known manner as a plug-in base or as a folding adhesive base; cover 14 is generally a plug-in cover with inner cover flaps 16 and an outer cover flap 18 provided with a plug-in flap 20.
  • a removal opening 22 is formed, which can be closed by a removal flap 24 of the same shape and dimension.
  • the removal flap 24 can be pivoted about a folding edge 26 near the floor between the open position shown and a position lying in the plane of the front peripheral wall 4.
  • Opening limiting tabs 28, 30 are arranged on the side edges of the removal flap 24 and slide against the inside of the respectively assigned lateral peripheral walls 6 and 10.
  • the opening limitation tabs 28, 30 together with the removal flap 24 form a pouring flap 32 and form the side walls thereof.
  • stop lugs 34, 36 are formed which, in the open position of the pouring flap 32 shown in FIG. 1, bear against the front peripheral wall 4 on the inside and thus limit the opening path of the pouring flap 32.
  • the opening limitation tabs 28, 30 are formed in one piece with a material strip 38 glued to the inside of the removal flap 24 and connected to the latter via folded edges 80, 82 which allow the opening limitation tabs 28, 30 to be folded over 90 ° from the plane of the material strip 38.
  • the material strip 38 with the attached opening limiting tabs 28, 30 can, for example, be produced as a separate part and glued to the blank blank lying flat. 2 to 5, however, a folding box and a method for producing the same are described, which enable the material strip 38 and the attached opening limiting tabs 28, 30 to be produced in one piece with the folding box blank and processed further in a particularly simple manner.
  • the folding box blank or use 44 shown in FIG. 2 is used to produce a folding box according to FIG. 1. All parts corresponding in the two figures are therefore provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the lateral circumferential wall 6, the front circumferential wall 4, the lateral circumferential wall 10 and the rear circumferential wall 8 are articulated via common longitudinal edges 46, 48, 50 designed as folded edges.
  • the inner cover flaps 16 are connected to the lateral peripheral walls 6 and 10 via folded edges 52.
  • the outer cover flap 18 is connected to the front circumferential wall 4 via a folded edge 54 and in turn carries the plug-in flap 20 via a folded edge 56.
  • an overlap adhesive flap 60 is articulated via a folding edge 58.
  • Bottom flaps 70, 72, 74 and 76 are arranged on the lower edges of the lateral peripheral wall 6, the front peripheral wall 4, the lateral peripheral wall 10 and the rear peripheral wall 8 via the articulated folding edges 62, 64, 66 and 68, respectively.
  • the bottom flaps 70, 72, 74, 76 are designed in such a way that they can form a folding adhesive base, as will be described in more detail below.
  • the bottom flap 72 is connected via a tear-off edge 78 to the material strip 38, on which the opening-limiting flaps 28 and 30 hang over the articulated folding edges 80 and 82, respectively.
  • FIG. 3 shows the blank 44 according to FIG. 2 after it has passed through a gluing station and a first folding station.
  • the areas to be glued together are shown hatched, whereby it can remain open which area of each area pair receives the glue application and how the glue application looks like, for example, punctiform, stripe-like or the like.
  • the dashed hatching means that the lower side of this surface with respect to the drawing plane is glued to the counter surface; the continuous hatching means that the upper side of the corresponding surface with respect to the drawing plane represents an adhesive surface.
  • Fig. 3 it can be seen that the underside of the overlap adhesive flap 60 and the left edge region 61 of the lateral peripheral wall 6 form a pair of adhesive surfaces.
  • the bottom flap 70 consists of a main part and a flap 70a attached to it via a folded edge 71.
  • the bottom tabs 76 consist of a main part and a tab 76a attached to it via a folded edge 77.
  • the bottom flaps 70, 72, 74 and 76 are folded in one operation around the respective folding edges 62, 64, 66 and 68 and placed flat on the peripheral walls 6, 4, 10 and 8 respectively.
  • the flap 70a connected to the bottom flap 70 is folded back around the folded edge 71, so that the side of the flap 70a lying above in FIG. 2 also lies above in the arrangement according to FIG. 3.
  • the tab 76a connected to the bottom tab 76 is folded back around the folded edge 77, so that the constellation of the bottom tabs 70 and 76 with the attached tabs 70a and 76a is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the material strip 38 is folded over together with the bottom flap 72 so that it lies on the inside of the removal flap 24.
  • the opening limitation tabs 28 and 30 lie on the associated lateral peripheral walls 6 and 10, respectively.
  • the folded edges 80 and 82 are flush with the folded edges 46 and 48.
  • the rear peripheral wall 8 is folded around the folded edge 50 so that it lies on the lateral peripheral wall 10 and on part of the front peripheral wall 4.
  • the lateral peripheral wall 6 is folded around the folded edge 46 so that it also lies on the front peripheral wall 4, the adhesive region 61 being placed on the overlap adhesive flap 60 and being glued to it.
  • the opening limiting tab 28 when opening the lateral peripheral wall 6, the opening limiting tab 28 is also taken along and placed flat on the material strip 38. Since the end of the opening limitation tab 28, which is designed as a stop lug 34, projects into the adhesive area 61, it is clamped between this adhesive area 61 and the overlap adhesive tab 60. So that the stop lug 34 is not glued to the peripheral wall 6 or the overlap adhesive tab 60, the gluing is in the Area in which the stop nose is pinched is interrupted, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 4 shows a folding box according to FIG. 1 during the unfolding from its flat folded state into the box shape. If, for example, the folding box 2 is loaded by a folding device in the direction of the arrows P1 and P2, the lateral peripheral walls 6 and 10 straighten up from their flat lying position, so that the folding box 2 has the desired box shape over a state with an approximately diamond-shaped outline with a rectangular floor plan.
  • the bottom tabs 70 and 72 glued to one another, and the bottom tabs 74 and 76, on the other hand, extend into the floor plane and thereby form a closed, partially multi-layer overlapping bottom, the tab 76a engaging under that part of the bottom tab 72, the main part of the bottom Bottom flap 76, on the other hand, lies over that part of the bottom flap 72 which is close to it, with additional locking of the folding adhesive base taking place additionally on the bottom flap 72, on the one hand, and on the bottom flap 76, on the other, engaging latching projections 84 and 86 when unfolded.
  • the base flap 72 is lifted off the front circumferential wall 4 on which it previously rested. Since the material strip 38 is glued to the front peripheral wall, the tear-off edge 78 tears off, so that the unfolding of the bottom flap 72 is not hindered.
  • the opening-limiting flap 28 Since the opening-limiting flap 28 is clamped between the adhesive region 61 of the peripheral wall 6 and the overlap adhesive flap 60 in the manner described with reference to FIG. 3, it is secured against lifting off from the peripheral wall 6 and is consequently when the folding box 2 is unfolded into that perpendicular to the material strip 38 standing position taken. This measure is necessary because the tendency to fold the opening limiting flap by 180 ° straightening itself up, may get lost.
  • the removal flap 24 is opened for the first time, the pinched end 34 is automatically released from the fuse described, so that the opening of the removal flap is not hindered.
  • Fig. 5 shows a view into the open top of the folding box according to the arrow IV in Fig. 1.
  • the peripheral walls 4, 6, 8 and 10 are shown separately from each other, so that the bottom flaps overlapping several times in the unfolded state 72, 70, 76 and 74 are fully visible.
  • dashed hatching means that the lower side with respect to the plane of the drawing represents an adhesive surface, while the continuous hatching indicates that the upper side with respect to the plane of the drawing is an adhesive surface.
  • the hatched area of the bottom flap 74 lies on the tab 76a of the bottom flap 76 and overlaps with this in the congruent hatched areas.
  • the hatched area of the bottom flap 72 lies on the hatched area of the flap 70a and overlaps with this in the respective hatched areas.
  • the tab 76a and the bottom flap 74 glued to it grip under the left part of the bottom flap 72, while the right part of the bottom flap 76 extends over the right part of the bottom bracket 72 and the bottom bracket 70, 70a glued to it engages.
  • the projections 84, 86 clamp together.
  • the overlap adhesive flap 60, the material strip 38 and the two opening-limiting flaps 28, 30 can also be seen in FIG. 5.
  • the material strip 38 not only serves to hold the opening limitation tabs 28 and 30, but at the same time forms an advantageous reinforcement of the removal flap 24.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Claims (3)

1. Ebauche de boîte pliante pré-encollée, formée à partir d'une découpe d'une seule-pièce avec quatre parois d'enceinte (4, 6, 8, 10), un couvercle et un fond, dans laquelle une paroi d'enceinte (4) avant présente un volet de prélèvement (24) pivotant autour d'un bord de rabattement (26) parallèle au fond, découpé dans cette paroi d'enceinte (4) avant, sur la face intérieure duquel est collée une bande de matière (38) dont les parties terminales, s'appliquant chacune sur une paroi d'enceinte (6, 10) latérale, forment des pattes de limitation d'ouverture (28, 30) et dans laquelle la bande de matière (38) s'articule, par une ligne d'affaiblissement (78), sur une patte de fond (72), reliée à une paroi d'enceinte (4) par une arête de pliage (64), caractérisée en ce que
a)   les parois d'enceinte (6, 4, 10, 8) s'articulent l'une sur l'autre par des lignes de pliage (46, 48, 50, 58) en formant un tuyau de boîte et sont assemblées entre elles par une patte adhésive (60),
b)   le fond est un fond pliant adhésif avec des pattes de fond (70, 72, 74, 76) s'articulant sur les bords inférieurs (62, 64, 66, 68) des parois d'enceinte (6, 4, 10, 8) et collées entre elles,
c)   la ligne d'affaiblissement entre la bande de matière (38) et la patte de fond (72), s'articulant sur la paroi avant (4), est une arête d'arrachage (78).

2. Ebauche de boîte pliante selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'une extrémité (34) d'une patte de limitation d'ouverture (28) est fixée sur la paroi d'enceinte (6) latérale adjacente, en vue d'un déplacement commun lors du dépliage ultérieur.
3. Boîte pliante formée à partir d'une ébauche de boîte pliante selon la revendication 1, par pressage, dans laquelle le tuyau de boîte est déplié, le fond tendu et l'arête d'arrachage sectionnée.
EP88108825A 1987-06-15 1988-06-01 Boîte verseuse avec une paroi avant rabattable Expired - Lifetime EP0295503B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88108825T ATE66657T1 (de) 1987-06-15 1988-06-01 Faltschachtel mit einer aus der vorderen umfangswand herausschwenkbaren entnahmeklappe.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3720007 1987-06-15
DE19873720007 DE3720007A1 (de) 1987-06-15 1987-06-15 Faltschachtel mit einer aus der vorderen umfangswand herausschwenkbaren entnahmeklappe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0295503A1 EP0295503A1 (fr) 1988-12-21
EP0295503B1 true EP0295503B1 (fr) 1991-08-28

Family

ID=6329775

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88108825A Expired - Lifetime EP0295503B1 (fr) 1987-06-15 1988-06-01 Boîte verseuse avec une paroi avant rabattable

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0295503B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE66657T1 (fr)
DE (3) DE8717437U1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990009324A1 (fr) * 1989-02-13 1990-08-23 Professional Packaging Limited Nouvel emballage a bec verseur refermable
EP0640308A2 (fr) * 1993-08-26 1995-03-01 TOX-DÜBEL-WERK RICHARD W. HECKHAUSEN GmbH Armoires de vente libre-service
EP0664207A2 (fr) * 1994-01-20 1995-07-26 I.M.A. Industria Macchine Automatiche S.p.A. Appareil pour détacher et rattacher und partie d'un flan de carton d'une ligne d'emballage à avance cadencée
EP1122178A1 (fr) * 2000-02-03 2001-08-08 CPC Packaging S.A. Boíte munie d'un bec verseur de grande largeur
WO2017023685A1 (fr) * 2015-07-31 2017-02-09 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Carton avec distributeur

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0622303A1 (fr) * 1993-04-30 1994-11-02 I.M.A. INDUSTRIA MACCHINE AUTOMATICHE S.p.A. Procédé pour fabriquer un empallage, ébauche pour cette fabrication et emballage ainsi réalisé
FR2731981A1 (fr) * 1995-03-20 1996-09-27 Saurou Michel Boite pour le conditionnement et la distribution de produits solides en morceaux, tels que des produits alimentaires
DE50105845D1 (de) * 2001-10-25 2005-05-12 Rondo Ag Allschwil Verpackung, bestehend aus einer durch Falz- und Klebeoperationen hergestellten, quaderförmigen Schachtel
US6910579B2 (en) 2002-05-28 2005-06-28 Georgia-Pacific Corporation Refillable flexible sheet dispenser
EP1538956A1 (fr) 2002-07-24 2005-06-15 Mars, Incorporated Support pour recipients modulaires a panneaux d'acces s'etendant vers l'exterieur
US7089872B2 (en) 2002-07-24 2006-08-15 Mars, Incorporated Support for modular containers with outwardly-extending access panels
AU2003268021A1 (en) 2002-07-24 2004-02-09 Mars, Incorporated Carton with outwardly-extending access panel
JP5076350B2 (ja) * 2006-04-18 2012-11-21 大日本印刷株式会社 サック貼りカートン
DE202008017280U1 (de) * 2008-07-21 2009-06-04 Bb-Stanz- Und Umformtechnik Gmbh Aufbewahrungskasten

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3237835A (en) * 1961-09-19 1966-03-01 Leo Stanger Pouring spout
US3593908A (en) * 1969-01-17 1971-07-20 Container Corp Dispenser bin carton
US3536247A (en) * 1969-03-19 1970-10-27 Intern Graphics & Packaging Co Pouch pack
DE2720591C2 (de) * 1977-05-07 1984-11-08 Hammerlit Gmbh, 2950 Leer Sammelbehälter aus Karton oder dergleichen für Kleingegenstände
DE8310611U1 (de) * 1983-04-12 1987-04-16 Fa. Dr. August Oetker, 4800 Bielefeld Verpackung mit Schüttvorrichtung
DE8427244U1 (de) * 1984-09-15 1984-10-31 Altenloh, Brinck & Co, 5828 Ennepetal Verpackungsbehaelter

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990009324A1 (fr) * 1989-02-13 1990-08-23 Professional Packaging Limited Nouvel emballage a bec verseur refermable
EP0640308A2 (fr) * 1993-08-26 1995-03-01 TOX-DÜBEL-WERK RICHARD W. HECKHAUSEN GmbH Armoires de vente libre-service
EP0664207A2 (fr) * 1994-01-20 1995-07-26 I.M.A. Industria Macchine Automatiche S.p.A. Appareil pour détacher et rattacher und partie d'un flan de carton d'une ligne d'emballage à avance cadencée
EP1122178A1 (fr) * 2000-02-03 2001-08-08 CPC Packaging S.A. Boíte munie d'un bec verseur de grande largeur
FR2804656A1 (fr) * 2000-02-03 2001-08-10 C P C Packaging Boites munies d'un bec verseur de grande largeur
WO2017023685A1 (fr) * 2015-07-31 2017-02-09 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Carton avec distributeur
US10479549B2 (en) 2015-07-31 2019-11-19 Graphic Packaging International, Llc Carton with dispenser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE66657T1 (de) 1991-09-15
DE3864454D1 (de) 1991-10-02
DE3720007A1 (de) 1988-12-29
DE8717437U1 (de) 1988-11-10
EP0295503A1 (fr) 1988-12-21

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