EP0290523B1 - Regulateur de decharge et d'ecoulement pour recipients metallurgiques et procede de coulee - Google Patents

Regulateur de decharge et d'ecoulement pour recipients metallurgiques et procede de coulee Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0290523B1
EP0290523B1 EP87907412A EP87907412A EP0290523B1 EP 0290523 B1 EP0290523 B1 EP 0290523B1 EP 87907412 A EP87907412 A EP 87907412A EP 87907412 A EP87907412 A EP 87907412A EP 0290523 B1 EP0290523 B1 EP 0290523B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
stopper
vessel
aperture
pouring
flow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87907412A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0290523B2 (fr
EP0290523A1 (fr
Inventor
Arthur Vaterlaus
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Arva AG
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Arva AG
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Application filed by Arva AG filed Critical Arva AG
Priority to AT87907412T priority Critical patent/ATE57321T1/de
Publication of EP0290523A1 publication Critical patent/EP0290523A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0290523B1 publication Critical patent/EP0290523B1/fr
Publication of EP0290523B2 publication Critical patent/EP0290523B2/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/16—Closures stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an outlet and flow control device for a metallurgical melt-receiving vessel, which has an outlet pipe located on the bottom of the vessel with a pouring opening, with a stopper interacting with the outlet pipe, the stopper in its closed position inserting one into the bore of the Exhaust pipe protruding, at least approximately cylindrical, serving as a shut-off device, which contains at least one radial throttle opening on its circumference, which merges into a longitudinal channel of the pin open at the bottom and between the plug and the outlet pipe above the throttle opening there is a first seal that can be closed by lowering the plug.
  • the invention relates to a casting method for pouring molten metal from a metallurgical vessel, which contains at least one outlet opening located on the bottom of the vessel, which cooperates with a stopper to form sealing elements, the melt in the opened stopper position via an at least approximately horizontal outlet opening in the Plug and its longitudinal channel open at the bottom flows out.
  • a stopper device in which the outlet opening in the bottom of the vessel can be closed by a stopper in the inside of the vessel, which is fastened to the lower end of a rod.
  • the plug can be raised for casting and lowered for closing the spout by means of a lever linkage that can be operated from the outside. Disadvantages are, however, the poor control characteristics of the flow and an unsatisfactory security against closure, for example when there are lugs on the stopper.
  • dome-type rotary valves in which an off-center inlet channel can be brought into communicating connection with an outlet opening by means of a rotary connection.
  • This requires high processing and grinding accuracy of the difficult to manufacture spherical separation point between rotating and stationary components.
  • the melt tends to freeze in the pouring opening.
  • Slider closures are also known at the bottom of the vessel containing the melt.
  • the closure bodies sliding on one another under pretension are exposed to considerable wear and tear since the movement of the adjustable part must take place under the influence of the high temperature of the molten metal.
  • the high acquisition and maintenance costs are also disadvantageous.
  • high machining accuracy of the slide plates made of refractory material is required.
  • a device for regulating the outlet of melts in which there is a stopper that can be actuated by a linkage from below.
  • the plug head is provided with a sealing surface, which forms a seal together with an annular perforated brick.
  • the stopper is provided directly adjacent to the sealing surface with several radial openings which open into a central outlet channel which is open at the bottom.
  • the security of the closure is also unsatisfactory because of the risk of build-up or erosion in the closure area. If the seal fails, a melt breakthrough has catastrophic consequences.
  • the risk of slag entraining cannot be eliminated with this closure device, because together with the trough-shaped depression in the perforated brick an oblique or even essentially vertical flow forms in the melt.
  • There is also a risk of freezing when pouring on since the melt cools rapidly in the cross-sectionally wedge-shaped trough. Since the joint between the movable plug and the stationary perforated brick is connected to ambient air at the bottom, air can be drawn in by the vacuum created during casting, which causes undesired reoxidation of the melt.
  • DE-A 1 558 285 shows a piston lock for ladles.
  • the reciprocating piston is provided with drive means which engage at the bottom and with which a pure axial displacement into the opening and closing position can be effected.
  • a radial opening opens into a central flow opening that is open at the bottom. Since a widened head is missing on the reciprocating piston, the seal is limited to the part located above the radial opening of the reciprocating piston together with the perforated brick hole.
  • the perforated stone sits in a funnel-shaped opening in the bottom of the pan, which is why no predominantly horizontal direction of flow is formed during pouring, but the suction of the flowing melt will propagate in the upward direction and, as a result, parts of the slag can be entrained.
  • the object to be achieved with the invention is to create an outlet and flow control device and a casting method which has a simple, inexpensive to manufacture structure, allows a constant, precise control of the flow of melt, and results in a high degree of sealing reliability and
  • the casting process largely avoids the formation of eddies and prevents slag from running along the flowing melt, while maintaining good flow controllability and sealing reliability.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the stopper is located at the lower end of a height-moving rod projecting into the interior of the vessel from above, the rod is articulated and has radial play with respect to the stopper neck surrounding it, and the pin between its radial throttle opening and the sealing surface located above it contains a ring part closed on the casing, which together with the adjacent part of the bore forms a second seal.
  • the casting method according to the invention is characterized in that the melt is given a predominantly horizontal direction of flow in the area near the stopper, and in that the angle of rotation of the at least approximately horizontal outlet opening of the stopper is continuously changed during the outflow from the vessel.
  • the actuating mechanism can be designed extremely simply. There are no moving fixtures beneath the bottom of the melting pot, which are annoying due to their space requirements and which are endangered in their movement function under the influence of heat and metal splashes. Since the stopper is subjected to pressure in the closing direction, there is a high level of locking security, in contrast to a stopper actuation from below, in which the closing force requires the stopper to be subjected to tensile stress and the refractory materials - compared to their compressive strength - only have a significantly lower tensile strength to have.
  • the plug and the bore in the pouring spout can be precisely manufactured using conventional manufacturing methods. To achieve an effective seal, the plug must fit into the bore of the pouring spout with virtually no play.
  • the high-heat-resistant materials used generally have a high compressive strength, but only a low flexural strength. This gives rise to problems with the plug assembly together with the relatively long rod, since if the actuating rod is not aligned exactly with the pin, bending forces occur which would either cause the plug seat to jam or even lead to the plug being broken off. It should also be noted that heat distortion can occur both in the rod and on the vessel under the heat of fusion, which can, for example, lead to a slight curvature of the rod and thus to its bending stress.
  • a first seal is obtained in a manner known per se, in that, in the closed position, a conical shoulder rests against the edge of the bore of the outflow pipe.
  • the breakthrough security for the melt is greatly increased by a second, cumulative sealing device.
  • This consists in that a ring part which is closed on the jacket and which forms the second seal together with the bore is present on the journal between its throttle opening and the conical sealing surface located above it.
  • This results in improved security against leakage, since the two seals take effect one after the other and only after a stroke movement of the stopper corresponding to the ring width V has been covered.
  • Such plug devices with a reliable sealing function have a longer service life, as a result of which the operating costs can be reduced.
  • a good control characteristic for the flow of the melt results from the fact that the amount of molten metal flowing out per unit of time can be directly adjusted and metered by the stroke of the stopper, which in particular makes casting on easier. In this way, conventional sand filling, which results in an undesired admixture, can be dispensed with.
  • the largely horizontal direction of flow calms the melt, which favors the elimination of non-metallic inclusions that slowly rise to the surface.
  • the melt layer near the bottom of the vessel is removed during casting. This prevents premature slag running above a minimum bath level.
  • the largely horizontal direction of flow is favored by the radial arrangement of the single throttle opening in the stopper together with the possibility of rotation. Since the horizontal pouring opening can be rotated during the pouring process, the flow conditions of the respective vessel shape, the different bath height, the melt temperature and other parameters can be adjusted from case to case.
  • a stopper rod 5 projects into the stopper neck 10, with which the stopper 6 can be moved in the vertical direction and rotated about its axis.
  • the drive is carried out by a drive device 17 located outside the vessel 1.
  • the vertical drive can consist of a mechanical, motor-driven spindle 8 or a hydraulic or pneumatic lifting cylinder.
  • a horizontal arm 23 is connected to the vertical guide member 9 above the edge of the vessel. The connection of the arm 23 to the upper end of the stopper rod 5 and below with the bell-like stopper head 24 takes place by means of a coupling ball 11.
  • the stopper rod 5 held in the stopper neck 10 has radial play.
  • the rotary drive device 17 provided for rotating the plug 6 about its vertical axis is connected to a drive motor (not shown in more detail). This motor can be a servo or stepping motor, with which different rotational positions of the plug 6 can be programmed and reproduced. The rotational position of the plug 6 could also be changed by pneumatic or hydraulic rotary drives.
  • the plug 6 contains a cylindrical pin 13 which engages in a bore 7 of the outlet channel 4.
  • This pin 13 is provided with a horizontal radial throttle opening 14 which opens into an axially open bore part 12 and merges into the pouring channel 4. Since the pin 13 is only open radially on one side, the outflowing metal melt is forced onto a predetermined direction of flow, which is indicated by the line S in FIG. 1.
  • the aim is to achieve a flow that is as horizontal as possible in order to prevent eddy formation of the melt and thus slag suction from above.
  • the direction of flow can also be influenced step by step or continuously during the casting process.
  • the flow cross section of the throttle opening is reduced or completely closed.
  • the stopper rod 23 can be fixed with the upper coupling ball 11 of the stopper rod 5 automatically with a clamping device.
  • the plug rod 5, which is movable with play, and the plug 6 located in its lower end need not be precisely aligned before assembly.
  • a stopper neck 10 surrounding the stopper rod 5 serves as protection against the melt. Since the control forces are fed directly into the head of the plug 6 via the plug rod 23, the plug 6 is protected from bending forces by alignment errors.
  • the otherwise usual alignment work for the plug 6 is dispensed with and the plug can also be used automatically in hot metallurgical vessels, which results in a reduction in the vessel circulation times and thus maintenance costs are saved.
  • the design of an embodiment variant of the stopper 6 in the closed and in the open position is described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the stopper 6 contains a cylindrical or slightly conical spigot 13 projecting into the bore 7 of the pouring tube 3.
  • this spigot 13 contains a plurality of radial throttle openings 14. These are evenly distributed around the circumference of the spigot.
  • the upper and the lower region of these throttle openings 14 are each wedge-shaped, while the middle region of these throttle openings 14 contains parallel vertical side walls 18.
  • the longitudinal axes of the throttle openings 14 extend in the vertical direction, ie in the direction of the stopper movement. As a result, a control characteristic that is more advantageous than round throttle openings can be achieved.
  • the throttle openings 14 open into the central longitudinal bore part 15 of the pin 13 which is open at the bottom. Above the throttle openings 14, the pin 13 merges into a truncated cone-shaped widening 16 which is frustoconical forms a barrier area.
  • the central angle of this shut-off surface forms an angle of 75 ° to 105 °, preferably 90 °. Together with a frustoconical countersink 18 on the upper edge of the bore 7 at the same angle, this results in an annular first seal 20.
  • this ring part 19 together with the adjacent cylindrical bore 7 with the same diameter results in a second seal 21.
  • the lowermost part of the pin 13 is also designed as a ring part 22 closed on the jacket, so that the pin 13 is in the bore 7 remains guided, even if the throttle openings 14 are fully open.
  • the plug head 24 is expanded in a bell-shaped manner.
  • the approximately horizontal lower edge 26 of the widened stopper head 24 is at a relatively large distance from the horizontal surface 28 of the pouring tube 3 projecting beyond the bottom of the vessel, so that a relatively wide annular space 30 for the melt results in front of the first seal 20.
  • This relatively large mass of the melt surrounding the bore 7 reduces its cooling and counteracts blockage.
  • the design of the stopper head 24 also favors, together with the horizontal arrangement of the throttle opening, an approximately horizontal flow of the inflowing melt, as indicated by arrows A in FIG. 3. This prevents eddy formation in the melt even when the melt is low in the vessel, so that slag is not drawn into the spout prematurely.
  • this annulus 30 or the like by argon. be rinsed, which can be supplied via thin feed lines 33 in the plug 6. This feed line 33 can also be used to generate a control signal. As soon as the outlet end emerges from the melt, there is a pressure drop in the gas of the feed line. This allows the casting process to be interrupted before slag is carried along.
  • the second seal (21) can also be kept free of penetrating melt by blowing gas through bores (34).
  • the throttle openings in the stopper 6 are formed from a plurality of relatively small radial holes 14 'on the circumference, which are arranged one above the other in axial rows. This causes the melt to be filtered. When the upper holes 14 'or rows of holes close, the stopper 6 is raised further, so that new, still open holes are released for the flow and the filtering.
  • two throttle openings 14 ′′ are arranged on opposite sides of the pin 13 and are offset with respect to one another with respect to the central axis, so that they run approximately tangentially to the outflow longitudinal opening 15. This causes a swirl in the outflowing melt as shown by the arrows , which prevents deposits on the spout walls, as the lighter inclusions remain in the center of the vortex.
  • the vessel 1 is designed as an intermediate container with a pouring distributor 30 and a plurality of pouring plugs 6 which can be rotated independently of one another.
  • a problem with such distribution vessels or intermediate containers with several pouring openings is that that the melt temperature is different due to different lengths of passageways, which is undesirable.
  • the flow vectors of the pouring and pouring spouts generate a torque in the melt, as a result of which the individual melting elements sink from the hot surface layer near the surface to the colder layer near the ground. Due to the helical flow pattern, a passage path of as long as possible is sought for all throttle openings 14 in order to avoid temperature differences.
  • the flow paths T shown schematically in FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 will not be strictly observable in practice, but due to the mixing of the melt with partial flows, there is a good temperature distribution and the avoidance of dead zones. 7 and 8, only one half of such an intermediate container is shown.
  • the residence time of the melt in the vessel 1 can be influenced by a suitable choice of the angles a and ⁇ . Due to the calming flow, non-metallic inclusions have the opportunity to quickly rise to the surface in the floating slag layer through their own buoyancy, so that they are not dragged into the outlet channel by turbulence. This also applies to slags. Due to the forced, essentially horizontal flow in the pouring area of the metallurgical vessel 1, eddies and thus a premature slag run are avoided. This improves the quality of the end product, reduces scrap and increases production.
  • FIG. 9 shows the cross section through the intermediate container, from which it can be seen that the walls are strongly inclined, as a result of which a preferred flow path is forced.
  • the individual plugs 6 according to FIGS. 7-9 correspond to those according to FIG. 1 and can thus be raised, lowered and rotated, as was explained in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the control can be carried out individually or together by a predetermined program, depending on casting parameters such as temperature, throughput, analysis. Data processing systems can also be used for this.
  • the sprue distributor 30 can also be included in such a program control, i.e. the angle ⁇ and / or its altitude can be changed.
  • the throttle cross sections of the plugs 6 can also be individually regulated by raising or lowering them.

Abstract

Un bouchon (6) fixé à l'extrémité inférieure d'une quenouille comprend un fausset (13) pourvu d'un orifice radial d'étranglement (14). Une surface tronconique de blocage (16) est formée dans le bouchon (6), au-dessus de l'orifice d'étranglement (4). Une surface annulaire du bouchon (13) qui pénètre dans l'alésage d'écoulement permet d'obtenir une étanchéité supplémentaire. On peut faire tourner le bouchon (6), ce qui permet d'orienter l'écoulement de la masse fondue. On peut ainsi régler l'écoulement et obtenir une fermeture très sûre. En outre, on évite la formation de tourbillons dans la masse fondue et l'entraînement de scories.

Claims (17)

1. Dispositif de régulation de la sortie et de l'écoulement pour un récipient qui reçoit un bain métallurgique et qui comporte un tuyau de sortie (3) se trouvant au fond du récipient et ayant un orifice de coulée, comprenant un tampon coopérant avec le tuyau de sortie et ayant un tourillon (13) servant d'organe obturateur, au moins approximativement cylindrique, pénétrant dans l'alésage (7) du tuyau de sortie et comportant à sa périphérie au moins un orifice radial d'étranglement (14), qui se transforme en un canal longitudinal (15) du tourillon (13) ouvert vers le bas et il est prévu, entre le tampon (6) et le tuyau de sortie (3), audessus de l'orifice d'étranglement (14), un premier dispositif d'étanchéité (16, 18) pouvant être fermé par abaissement du tampon (6), caractérisé en ce que le tampon (6) se trouve à l'extrémité inférieure d'une quenouille (5) déplaçable en hauteur et pénétrant par le haut à l'intérieur, la quenouille (5) étant articulée et ayant du jeu radial par rapport au col du tampon (10) qui l'entoure et le tourillon (13) comporte, entre son orifice radial d'étranglement (14) et la surface d'étanchéité (16) se trouvant au-dessus, une partie annulaire (19) dont la face latérale est fermée et qui forme, avec la partie voisine de l'alésage (7), un second dispositif d'étanchéité (21).
2. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu, juste au-dessus de la partie annulaire (19), une surface tronconique d'obturation (16) et la partie supérieure de l'alésage (7) comporte un chanfrein (18) du tuyau de sortie (3), qui forme avec la surface d'obturation (16) le premier dispositif d'étanchéité (20).
3. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le tourillon (13) ne comporte qu'un seul orifice d'étranglement (14), disposé radialement et sensiblement horizontal.
4. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le tourillon (13) comporte plusieurs orifices radiaux d'étranglement (14) horizontaux et répartis sur le pourtour.
5. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'orifice ou les orifices d'étranglement (14) est (ou sont) cunéiforme(s) au moins à leur extrémité supérieure et une région d'ouverture oblongue qui y fait suite est pourvue de surfaces latérales et parallèles (35).
6. Dispositif suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le tampon (6) comporte, au-dessus de la surface tronconique d'obturation (16), une tête de tampon (24) de plus grand diamètre, sensiblement en forme de cloche ou de champignon.
7. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tourillon (13) comporte le long de sa périphérie plusieurs couronnes de trous, qui sont disposées les unes au-dessus des autres et qui sont dégagées au fur et à mesure du mouvement ascendant du tampon (6).
8. Dispositif suivant la revendication 1, 2 ou 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il prévu un ou plusieurs orifices d'étranglement (14), débouchant tangentiellement dans le canal longitudinal (15).
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'à la partie la plus élevée du tuyau de sortie (3) sont prévus des perçages (34) d'insufflation de gaz.
10. Dispositif suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens de déplacement (17) pour faire tourner le tampon (6).
11. Dispositif suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le récipient (1) est un récipient intermédiaire dans lequel pénètre un répartiteur de coulée (30) ayant un orifice de coulée (32) sensiblement horizontal et en ce que le répartiteur de coulée (30) est muni d'un dispositif d'entraînement (25) pour le réglage en hauteur et/ou d'un dispositif d'entraînement (36) pourJa rotation autour de son axe longitudinal.
12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un perçage (33) d'insufflation de gaz ou de poudre débouche dans le tampon (6), au-dessus du tourillon (13).
13. Procédé de coulée pour couler un bain métallique d'un récipient métallurgique (1) comportant au moins un orifice de sortie (14), qui se trouve au fond du récipient et qui coopère avec un tampon (6) avec formation d'organes d'étanchéité, le bain s'écoulant en la position ouverte du tampon par un orifice de sortie (14), au moins sensiblement horizontal et ménagé dans le tampon (6), et par son canal longitudinal (15) ouvert vers le bas, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à donner au bain, dans la région proche du tampon, une direction d'écoulement principalement horizontale et à modifier continuellement la position angulaire en rotation (a) de l'orifice de sortie (14), au moins sensiblement horizontal et ménagé dans le tampon (6), pendant l'écoulement hors du récipient (1).
14. Procédé de coulée suivant la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste, en outre, à diriger le courant de coulée du bain dans le récipient (1) d'une manière principalement horizontale.
15. Procédé de coulée suivant la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à modifier continuellement le niveau et l'angle de rotation (P), par rapport au récipient (1), du courant de coulée pendant la coulée.
16. Procédé de coulée suivant la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à modifier l'angle de rotation (a) de l'orifice de sortie (14) et/ ou l'angle de rotation (13) de l'orifice de coulée (32) automatiquement en fonction d'au moins une grandeur de consigne prescrite ou d'un programme prescrit.
17. Procédé de coulée suivant la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu plusieurs tampons (6) qui sont réglés individuellement en hauteur et/ou en angle de rotation.
EP87907412A 1986-12-01 1987-11-27 Regulateur de decharge et d'ecoulement pour recipients metallurgiques et procede de coulee Expired - Lifetime EP0290523B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87907412T ATE57321T1 (de) 1986-12-01 1987-11-27 Auslass- und durchflussregel-vorrichtung fuer metallurgische gefaesse und giessverfahren.

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH478186 1986-12-01
CH4781/86 1986-12-01
CH3805/87 1987-09-30
CH380587 1987-09-30
PCT/CH1987/000161 WO1988004209A1 (fr) 1986-12-01 1987-11-27 Regulateur de decharge et d'ecoulement pour recipients metallurgiques et procede de coulee

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0290523A1 EP0290523A1 (fr) 1988-11-17
EP0290523B1 true EP0290523B1 (fr) 1990-10-10
EP0290523B2 EP0290523B2 (fr) 1996-08-07

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EP87907412A Expired - Lifetime EP0290523B2 (fr) 1986-12-01 1987-11-27 Regulateur de decharge et d'ecoulement pour recipients metallurgiques et procede de coulee

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Country Link
US (1) US5004130A (fr)
EP (1) EP0290523B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH01502168A (fr)
AU (1) AU602179B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8707558A (fr)
WO (1) WO1988004209A1 (fr)

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DE4032084C1 (fr) * 1990-10-10 1992-05-27 Didier-Werke Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden, De
DE4032083A1 (de) * 1990-10-10 1992-04-16 Didier Werke Ag Verschluss- und/oder regeleinrichtung fuer den ausguss eines metallurgischen gefaesses
JPH0584460U (ja) * 1992-02-19 1993-11-16 メイチュー精機株式会社 溶湯注出部の構造
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AU591889B2 (en) * 1985-03-26 1989-12-21 British Steel Plc Improvements in or relating to outlet valves for metal containing vessels

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH01502168A (ja) 1989-08-03
EP0290523B2 (fr) 1996-08-07
BR8707558A (pt) 1989-02-21
JPH0323263B2 (fr) 1991-03-28
US5004130A (en) 1991-04-02
AU8233187A (en) 1988-06-30
WO1988004209A1 (fr) 1988-06-16
EP0290523A1 (fr) 1988-11-17
AU602179B2 (en) 1990-10-04

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