EP0289884B1 - Method and apparatus for making strands with one or more layers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for making single- and multi-layered steel wire strands where the individual wires (2) are taken off from unwinding systems disposed stationarily outside the ropemaking train and, without back-twisting, are incorporated into the rope by the indirect double twist method; that is, the strand is in its final precise geometric form before reaching the rotating system (4) comprising take-off (5) and take-up (6). The purpose of the invention was to make the abovementioned steel wire strands in high quality, in particular with a precise geometric shape, using a minimum of machinery and a minimum of space for the machinery. The object of developing the abovementioned method and apparatus is achieved when the material which is to be made into a rope is guided over specially disposed and constructed and also specifically acting guiding and ropemaking elements, so that the disadvantages described in the state of the art are eliminated. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing single and multi-layer steel wire strands, in which the individual wires are drawn off from stationary drainage systems arranged outside the stranding device and stranded without turning back according to the indirect double lay stranding principle, i. that is, the strand is ready in its exact geometric shape before reaching the rotating system with trigger and rewinder.

The currently most commonly used form for the production of steel wire strands is the stranding of wires on high-speed stranding machines. The quality of the strands produced on these machines is good.
The productivity of the high-speed stranding machines is mainly determined by the speed of the elongated stranding rotors. Due to the constant technical improvement of this assembly, including its storage, rotor speeds have now been reached which strain the available materials to their permissible limit, ie further increases in speed and thus increases in performance of the fast-stranding machines are no longer possible.
An attempt has therefore been made to use the double-lay principle which is frequently used for stranding plastic materials such as copper and aluminum. So in the DE-AS 15 10 062 discloses a method and a device in which the wires are drawn off from stationary drain racks, twisted individually in a torsion device, stranded in layers and finally fed to a take-off and rewinder located within the rotating system of a double-twist stranding machine.

Compared to a high-speed stranding machine, this device enables significantly higher stranding speeds, and at the same time the mechanical engineering effort drops considerably.
The main disadvantage of this method is that the twisting is based on the previously known double lay principle, ie the entire twisting is not concentrated in one point. As a result, exact compliance with the stranding geometry and compliance with constant length ratios and thus uniform load capacity of the wires in the individual layers of the stranded strand are not guaranteed.
In DD-A-143 279 it was therefore proposed to use a turning device to carry out the stranding before the double-twist stranding machine. The two different stranding points of the double lay principle are concentrated in one point.
This proposed solution enables the production of strands with constant length ratios of the wires in the individual layers. In practical operation, however, it has been shown that due to the non-existent backward rotation of the wires before the stranding, with slight fluctuations in the braking force in the pay-off spools, individual wires twist with each other before the stranding point, and therefore exact compliance with the stranding geometry is not ensured.
Furthermore, this device does not ensure that the strand produced in the turning device runs into the The double twist twisting machine is partially turned up again due to the number of twists that is basically available at this point and its geometry is therefore completely destroyed.

The aim of the invention is to produce single and multi-layer steel wire strands with the least mechanical engineering effort, with minimal space requirements for the equipment, in high quality, in particular compliance with the exact geometry of the strand.

The invention has for its object to develop a method and an apparatus for producing single and multi-layer steel wire strands, in which the strand according to the indirect double-twist principle is completed before entry into the take-off and take-up device in its exact geometric structure and torsional stresses are reduced and this condition is maintained exactly on the way of the strand leading up to the rewinder.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the individual wires are drawn off in a known manner from stationary drain systems arranged outside the stranding device, stranded in layers in succession, identical stranding sections arranged in accordance with the indirect double-twist stranding principle, and fed to the take-off and rewinder arranged within the rotating system, in accordance with the invention the wires of each corresponding position within the associated stranding section individually via a braking device and according to their later arrangement in the assembly of the finished stranded wire through an associated stranding disk at a very narrow angle of 10 - 20 ° over one at the associated stranding point arranged guide pin with coaxially arranged stranding nipple and an associated twisting device and then the strand, finished in its geometrical shape, is guided to a further twisting device and then via specially arranged and executed guide and deflection rollers to the take-off and rewinder.
Furthermore, it is according to the invention that both the twisting devices and the rotating system have the same direction of rotation, the twisting devices of the individual stranding points are in synchronization with one another and rotate at twice the speed of the rotating system, and the last twisting device in front of the rotating system is a function of the strength of the stranded material 10 - 25% higher speed than the twisting devices of the individual stranding points.
The device according to the invention for the production of single and multi-layer steel wire strands according to the indirect double lay stranding principle is known to consist of stationary drainage systems arranged outside the stranding device, corresponding to the number of layers in the stranding direction one after the other identical stranding sections and a rotating system to which a take-off and a winder are assigned, whereby according to the invention Each individual stranding section immediately before the stranding point corresponding to the number of wires to be stranded, braking devices and a stranding disk designed in a known manner and furthermore in the stranding direction in the stranding point a guide pin with coaxially arranged stranding nipple and an associated twisting device are allocated between the stranding sections and the rotating system Twisting device and within the rotating system to maintain the exact geometric condition of the strand in Abha tightness of the direction of rotation at an angle by Max. 18 ° swiveling and lockable guide and deflection rollers are arranged.
According to the invention, it is furthermore the case that each brake device consists of a pair of rollers which are wrapped several times by the associated wire and braked by any known brake, each roller having V-shaped grooves with an opening angle β of 60 °, the guide pin at the respective stranding point with a Cone is provided at an angle α of 10 - 20 ° and has grooves for guiding each individual wire, the grooves are arranged at an angle of 15 ° according to the direction of rotation and at the end have a radius that is 10 - 20 times larger than that stranded wire diameter.
Furthermore, it is considered to be according to the invention that the stranding nipple arranged coaxially to the guide pin has a bore in the stranding direction with a diameter of 1.2 to 1.3 times the strand diameter, the inlet radius of the stranding nipple corresponds to 30 to 50 times the wire diameter to be stranded and the distance between Guide pin and stranding nipple can be adjusted depending on the diameter of the wires to be stranded.
Furthermore, four rollers with V-shaped groove profiles, over which the strand is passed, are arranged in all twisting devices, the opening angle β of the groove profile being 60 °.
Furthermore, according to the invention, each guide and deflecting roller within the rotating system has trapezoidal grooves with a cylindrical base, which are made of unhardened, wear-resistant material.

Fig. 1:

Darstellung der gesamten Vorrichtung am Beispiel einer zweilagigen Litze

Fig. 2:

Schnittdarstellung einer Bremseinrichtung

Fig. 3:

Schnittdarstellung des Fuehrungsstiftes mit Verseilnippel im beliebigen Verseilpunkt

Fig. 4:

Schnittdarstellung einer Dralliereinrichtung

Fig. 5:

Schnittdarstellung einer Fuehrungs- und Umlenkrolle

The invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:

Fig. 1:

Representation of the entire device using the example of a two-layer strand

Fig. 2:

Sectional view of a braking device

Fig. 3:

Sectional view of the guide pin with stranding nipple at any stranding point

Fig. 4:

Sectional view of a swirl device

Fig. 5:

Sectional view of a guide and deflection roller

1 consists of the drainage system 1 arranged outside the stranding device, from which the individual wires 2 are drawn off, stranded in layers in succession, identical stranding sections 3 arranged one after the other, according to the indirect double lay stranding principle, and the like arranged in a rotating system 4 take-off 5 and rewinder 6 are fed. Each individual stranding section 3 is immediately in front of the stranding point 7 corresponding to the number of wires to be stranded 2 braking devices 8 to give the wires 2 the required retention force and a stranding disk 9 executed in a known manner and furthermore in the stranding direction at the stranding point 7 a guide pin 10 with coaxial arranged stranding nipple 11 and an associated twisting device 12 assigned.
Between the stranding sections 3 and the rotating system 4 there is also a twisting device 13, which is equipped with any variable drive, which realizes speeds that are 10 to 25% above the speed of the twisting devices 12 associated with the twisting points 7. To maintain the exact geometric shape of the finished strand 14, the guide and guide rollers 15 are within the rotating system 4 depending on the direction of rotation of the strand 14 at an angle of up to 18 ° pivotally and lockable.
2, each braking device 8 consists of a pair of rollers wrapped several times by the associated wire 2 and braked by any known brake, each roller having 16 V-shaped grooves 17 with an opening angle β of 60 °.
The repeated wrapping of the pair of rollers in V-shaped grooves 17 prevents the torsion stresses arising in the stranding process from flowing back into the wires 2 to the drain system 1.
Furthermore, due to the short stranding distance (distance between braking device 8 and stranding point 7), the high plastic state of tension of the individual wires 2 is limited to a very short area, i.e. disturbances of any kind in the structure of the stranded material run very quickly through this area of high torsional stresses and can thus do not have a major negative impact. The risk of tearing of the wires 2 or the strand 14 is thus reduced.
Due to the further exact routing of the wires 2 acc. Fig. 3 in the grooves 18 of the provided with a cone at an angle α of 10 -20 ° guide pin 10 to the point of impact, which are arranged according to the direction of rotation at an angle of 15 ° and have a radius at the end of a size of 10 to 20 times the wire diameter to be stranded and the deformation of the wires 2 at the end of the guide pin 10 by the outlet radius of the grooves 18 and the inlet radius 19 of the stranding nipple 11 arranged coaxially to the guide pin 10, the exact geometric shape of the strand 14 is ensured, ie, skipping of wires 2 within one layer is impossible.
The strand 14 is guided further through a bore 20 arranged in the stranding direction through the stranding nipple 11 with a diameter of 1.2 to 1.3 times the strand diameter to the twisting device 12 belonging to the stranding system 3, which according to FIG. 1 and 4 has four rollers 21 with a V-shaped groove profile 22, the opening angle β of the groove profile 22 being 60 °.
The strand 14 produced so far is not yet twist-free, ie it would dissolve when severed.
For this reason, it is turned over in another twisting device 13 and the torsional stresses still present are reduced.
The strand 14, which runs into the rotating system 4, which rotates less than half as quickly as a result of the over-rotation in the last twisting device with high self-rotation, is gem. Fig. 5 is supported by the obliquely arranged guide and deflection rollers 15 in their own rotation, so that the stranded bandage is not broken up by the low twist number at the entry point of the rotating system 4, but is retained in its geometric shape and thus in the required high quality the trigger 5 reaches the rewinder 6.
Each guide and deflection roller 15 here has trapezoidal grooves 23 with a cylindrical base, which are made of unhardened, wear-resistant material.

The advantages of this invention are that the disadvantages described in the prior art have been eliminated, that is to say, the special arrangement and the mode of operation of the listed components mean that the stranding geometry is adhered to exactly and the length ratios are kept constant, and thus the load capacity of the wires 2 in the individual is uniform Layers of the braid association guaranteed. The single and multi-layer steel wire strands can thus be manufactured in high quality.

List of the reference numerals used

1 -

Drain system

2 -

Wires

3 -

Stranding sections

4 -

rotating system

5 -

Deduction

6 -

Rewinder

7 -

Stranding points

8th -

Braking devices

9 -

Stranding washers

10 -

Guide pins

11 -

Stranding nipple

12 -

Swirl devices

13 -

Swirl device

14 -

Strand

15 -

Guide and pulleys

16 -

roll

17 -

Grooving the rollers 16

18 -

Grooves

19 -

Inlet radius of the stranding nipple

20 -

drilling

21 -

role

22 -

Grooved profile of roller 21

23 -

Grooving of the guide and guide rollers 15

α -

Angle of the cone of the guide pin 10

β -

Opening angle of the grooves 17 and the groove profile 22

Claims (10)

1. A process for the production of single-layer and multi-layer stranded steel wires (14) wherein the individual wires (2) are drawn off feed systems (1), stranded in a layer-wise manner using the indirect double-lay stranding principle and fed to the draw-off means (5) and winding means (6) arranged within a rotating system (4), characterised in that the wires (2) of the corresponding layers are individually passed in stranding portions (3) by way of respective brake means (8) and in a fashion corresponding to their subsequent arrangement in the structure of the finished stranded wire (14) through a stranding disc (9) which is associated with them at a very narrow angle α of 10 - 20° by way of a guide pin (10) arranged in the associated stranding point (7) with a coaxially arranged stranding nipple (11) and an associated twisting means (12), and
      that the stranded wire (14) which is finished in its geometrical form is passed to a further twisting means (13) and thereafter by way of specially arranged and designed guide and direction-changing rollers (15) to the draw-off means (5) and the winding means (6).
2. A process according to claim 1 characterised in that both all twisting means (12, 13) and also the rotating system (4) rotate in the same direction.
3. A process according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterised in that the twisting means (12) of the individual stranding points (7) rotate synchronously with respect to each other and rotate at double the speed of the rotating system (4).
4. A process according to claim 1 characterised in that the last twisting means (13) before the rotating system (4), depending on the strength of the material being stranded, rotates at a speed of rotation which is 10 - 25% higher than the twisting means (12) of the individual stranding points (7).
5. Apparatus for the production of single-layer and multi-layer stranded steel wires (14) using the indirect double-lay stranding principle, comprising feed systems (1) arranged stationarily outside the stranding arrangement, identical stranding portions (3) which are arranged in succession in the stranding arrangement in a manner corresponding to the number of layers, and a rotating system (4) with which a draw-off means (5) and a winding means (6) are associated, characterised in that associated with each individual stranding portion (3) immediately in front of the stranding point (7), and corresponding to the number of wires (2) to be stranded, are brake means (8) and a stranding disc (9) of known design, and further in the stranding direction in the stranding point (7) a guide pin (10) with coaxially arranged stranding nipple (11) and an associated twisting bans (12), a further twisting means (13) is arranged between the stranding portions (3) and the rotating system (4), and guide and direction-changing rollers (15) which can be pivoted at an angle of a maximum of 18° and arrested, in dependence on the direction of twisting of the stranded wire (14), are arranged within the rotating system (4) to maintain the exact geometrical form of the stranded wire (14).
6. Apparatus according to claim 5 characterised in that each brake means (8) includes a pair of rollers around which the associated wire (2) passes a plurality of times and which is braked by means of a brake, wherein each roller (16) has V-shaped grooves (17) with an aperture angle β of 60°.
7. Apparatus according to claim 5 or claim 6 characterised in that the guide pin (10) at the respective stranding point (7) has a cone with an angle α of 10 - 20° and grooves (18) for guiding each individual wire (2), wherein the grooves (18) are arranged in accordance with the twisting direction at an angle of 15° and the radius at the end is of a value of 10 to 20 times the wire diameter to be stranded.
8. Apparatus according to claim 5 or claim 7 characterised in that the stranding nipple (11) which is arranged coaxially with respect to the guide pin (10) has a bore (20) in the stranding direction of a diameter of 1.2 to 1.3 times the stranded wire diameter, the entry radius (19) of the stranding nipple (11) corresponds to 30 to 50 times the wire diameter to be stranded and the distance between the guide pin (10) and the stranding nipple (11) is adjustable in dependence on the diameter of the wires (2) to be stranded.
9. Apparatus according to one of claims 5 to 8 characterised in that arranged in all twisting means (12, 13) are four respective rollers (21) with a V-shaped groove profile (22) over which the stranded wire (14) is guided, wherein the aperture angle β of the groove profile (22) is 60°.
10. Apparatus according to one of claims 5 to 9 characterised in that each guide and direction-changing roller (15) within the rotating system (4) has grooves (23) of a trapezoidal configuration with a cylindrical floor, and the grooves (23) comprise unhardened wear-resistant material.

Images