EP0284639A1 - Dispositif pour mesurer la résistance au tirage d'un boudin de tabac - Google Patents

Dispositif pour mesurer la résistance au tirage d'un boudin de tabac Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0284639A1
EP0284639A1 EP87104881A EP87104881A EP0284639A1 EP 0284639 A1 EP0284639 A1 EP 0284639A1 EP 87104881 A EP87104881 A EP 87104881A EP 87104881 A EP87104881 A EP 87104881A EP 0284639 A1 EP0284639 A1 EP 0284639A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
opening
strand
gas
cigarette
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87104881A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0284639B1 (fr
Inventor
Jörn Dr. Ulrich
Friedrich Dr. Weinhold
Meinhard Dipl.-Ing. Meyer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
British American Tobacco Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH filed Critical BAT Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Priority to DE8787104881T priority Critical patent/DE3777631D1/de
Priority to EP87104881A priority patent/EP0284639B1/fr
Priority to CA000562026A priority patent/CA1322874C/fr
Priority to US07/171,343 priority patent/US4811744A/en
Publication of EP0284639A1 publication Critical patent/EP0284639A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0284639B1 publication Critical patent/EP0284639B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/32—Separating, ordering, counting or examining cigarettes; Regulating the feeding of tobacco according to rod or cigarette condition
    • A24C5/34—Examining cigarettes or the rod, e.g. for regulating the feeding of tobacco; Removing defective cigarettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/14—Machines of the continuous-rod type
    • A24C5/18—Forming the rod
    • A24C5/1871—Devices for regulating the tobacco quantity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S131/00—Tobacco
    • Y10S131/904—Pneumatic means for sensing condition or characteristic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for measuring the tensile resistance of a strand of tobacco fibers of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the draw resistance of the cigarette is of great importance, since it can be determined relatively easily from a draw resistance measurement whether a cigarette enables the desired draw volume.
  • the draw volume of a cigarette is in turn determined on the one hand by the smoking habits of the smoker and on the other hand by its draw resistance.
  • a device for measuring the tensile resistance of a strand of filter fibers is known, with which the pressure drop at the Strand is detected in an area where the strand has almost reached its final cross section.
  • the aim is to record the pressure drop at a point behind the smallest cross section of the strand of filter material, because the filter fibers have reached their final position there and can therefore no longer be displaced by the air passing through the strand.
  • the main compression of the strand is carried out by means of a wheel, while the shaping and subsequent compression is carried out by a format finger which is arranged behind the wheel in the direction of movement of the strand.
  • a device for measuring the tensile resistance of a strand of tobacco fibers of the type specified emerges from DE-AS 1 166 069 and has a source for a gas stream passing through the strand and a transducer for determining the pressure loss of the gas stream occurring at the strand with a constant gas volume or of the gas volume passing the line with constant pressure loss.
  • a pump guides the air through the tobacco stream into a defined space of constant volume, which is formed between a trough through which the format tape pulls the tobacco stream and a part opposite it, such as a press shoe or tongue known per se.
  • the continuous measurement of the tensile resistance of a strand of tobacco fibers is possible; the value determined in this way is also specific to the strand of tobacco fibers, so that the tensile resistance determined in this way can be used for process control.
  • the tensile resistance of the rod of tobacco fibers determined in this way does not correlate with the tensile resistance of the finished cigarette, which represents a very important product parameter because it is an essential characteristic for a specific cigarette type.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a device for measuring the tensile resistance of a strand of tobacco fibers of the type specified, in which the disadvantages mentioned above do not occur.
  • a measuring device is to be proposed, the measured value of which is correlated in a precisely defined manner with the draw resistance of the finished cigarettes produced from the tobacco rod.
  • the advantages achieved with the invention are based on the following mode of operation, which is to be explained using the example of the continuous production of cigarettes:
  • the tobacco stream coming from a distributor is conveyed in an air stream to a perforated suction belt, which creates a continuous tobacco rod.
  • this tobacco rod is brought to its target weight in a weight-controlled machine and conveyed to a transfer point with the aid of the suction belt.
  • the tobacco rod, which is still undensified at this point is taken over by a format tape, which is covered with the cigarette paper.
  • the tobacco rod which has an approximately circular cross section, is continuously compressed from the present diameter of approximately 11 mm to a diameter of approximately 6.8 mm. This compression of the tobacco rod beyond the diameter of the finished cigarette, which is approximately 8 mm, is necessary for the wrapping of the tobacco rod with the cigarette paper beginning at the end of the format finger.
  • This wrapping of the tobacco rod with the cigarette paper takes place by the lateral erection of the format tape, one end of the cigarette paper protruding from this format device and being provided with a layer of glue. In a subsequent heated device, the glued end of the cigarette paper is folded over and glued.
  • the endless strand thus produced, coated with the cigarette paper, passes through a diameter testing device and is then cut to the desired cigarette length.
  • the diameter of the compacted strand is approximately 7.85 mm, which is the same as the diameter of the finished cigarette, but without the double thickness of the cigarette paper.
  • the pulling resistance of the cigarettes can be calculated from the pressure drop in the usual way Tobacco rod are produced.
  • the flow volume is extremely constant, as is necessary for the exact determination of the pressure loss on the line .
  • the nozzle with a critical flow is able to deliver the constant gas volume regardless of the back pressure that may arise.
  • format fingers made of hardened steel are not suitable as a "sensor base” because, on the one hand, the desired design of the opening (s) to be explained becomes problematic, and on the other hand, these format fingers do not withstand the loads that occur.
  • the formation of several openings in the format finger leads to a reduction in the mechanical strength, so that format fingers made of hard metal are used, that is to say alloys of high hardness based on carbides produced by pressing and sintering, as sold, for example, under the trademark "WIDIA" will.
  • the usual pressure transducers which are suitable for measuring gaseous media and have a suitable measuring range, can be used to record the pressure drop on the line.
  • the pressure transducer should be arranged axially to the direction of inflow of the gas flow into the line, so that even short-term density fluctuations of the line, which lead to a change in the pressure drop and generate a pressure wave in the gas flow, can be detected and taken into account.
  • the pressure sensor should be arranged perpendicular to the direction of flow of the gas flow into the strand. It is also possible to set up the pressure sensor outside of the actual machine area.
  • the shape, size and number of openings in the format finger through which the gas flow is applied to the strand depend on the design of the format finger and on the properties of the strand.
  • the edges of the opening do not hinder the smooth, shock-free movement of the strand and also have a favorable influence on the inflow of gas into the strand. This can be achieved if the entry area of the opening in the format finger is designed like a diffuser or a nozzle, in particular of the Venturi or Laval nozzle type.
  • a further influence on the inflow behavior is possible via the corresponding selection of the direction of entry of the gas flow into the line.
  • the flow volume that occurs depends on the one hand on the area of the opening (s) and on the other hand on the properties of the tobacco rod. A small increase in the flow volume can therefore lead to a large drop in pressure. By adjusting the flow volume accordingly, pressure drop values can be obtained which are very well suited for signal amplification, as is sometimes required for regulating the process sequence.
  • FIG. 1 shows the part of a conventional cigarette machine in which the approximately cylindrical tobacco rod, which is transported in the direction of the arrow and has a diameter of approximately 11 mm, is compressed to a diameter of approximately 6.8 mm; the transported tobacco rod lying on a format belt 10 is compressed to the desired diameter by a format finger 12, which has approximately the shape of a hollow half cylinder.
  • the format finger 12 is attached to a vertically arranged, relatively rigid plate 14, which in turn is attached to a horizontal support 16.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a device for the continuous measurement of the draw resistance of this tobacco rod, which is provided on the format finger 12; if it is assumed that the tobacco rod has a diameter of 11 mm at the inlet into the format finger 12 and a diameter of 6.8 mm at the outlet, then there is a distance between the format at the point indicated in FIG. 1 (not shown) and format finger 12, which is 7.85 mm. Due to the lateral limitation of the tobacco rod by the format tape 10 covered with cigarette paper and the format finger 12, a plug density results for this location which corresponds to the plug density of the finished cigarette. Such a finished cigarette has a diameter of the tobacco rod of 7.85 mm and a paper thickness of approximately 0.1 mm.
  • the format finger If one now forms the format finger at the point at which the tobacco rod has a diameter of 7.85 mm, it has a through opening 18 through which a gas flow of constant volume flows in the direction of the arrow from a constant pressure 17 via a source Hose or pipe line 20 is supplied with a critical nozzle 19, the flow resistance of the strand results in a pressure drop in the gas stream, which can be determined by a pressure transducer P which is connected to the hose or pipe line 20.
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment in which the hose or pipe 20 for feeding the gas flow into the opening 18 of the format finger 12 is located on the front of the rigid plate 14 and with a slight deviation from the perpendicular to the format finger 12 and thus runs on the transported tobacco rod, namely at an angle of approximately 80 to 83 ° to the tobacco rod.
  • a slight deviation from the perpendicular to the format finger 12 and thus runs on the transported tobacco rod namely at an angle of approximately 80 to 83 ° to the tobacco rod.
  • it is also possible to work with somewhat larger deviations from the vertical namely with an angle of 70 to 87 °, in particular of 78 to 85 °.
  • the opening 18 can have a circular or elliptical shape as required.
  • the opening 18 should be designed so that on the one hand it does not affect the inflow of the gas flow and also does not interfere with the transport of the tobacco rod. In particular, it is expedient to round off the lower edges of the opening 18 resting on the tobacco rod so as not to disturb the proper transport of the tobacco rod.
  • the entry region of the opening 18 should be designed similar to a diffuser or a nozzle, in particular of the Venturi or Laval nozzle type.
  • the area of the opening 18 in the format finger 12 should have a size of 0.5 to 12 mm2, in particular 0.6 to 2.0 mm2, since the pressure drop deviates greatly with smaller opening areas. Larger areas can lead to disturbances in the inlet area. Good results were achieved with an area of 0.8 mm2.
  • the constant volume of the gas flow can be varied in the range from 4 to 600 ml / s, in particular between 8 and 140 ml / s, without there being any noticeable deviations from the desired correlation with the static tensile resistance measurement.
  • a plurality of openings 18 can be provided in the format finger 12, which makes it possible, for example, to form an average value for the tensile resistance.
  • the tensile resistance can also be determined from the variable volume with a constant pressure drop on the line, the source setting the volume flow so that the pressure drop is kept at a predetermined value.
  • the pressure sensor P must then be replaced by a volume meter.

Landscapes

  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Measuring Arrangements Characterized By The Use Of Fluids (AREA)
EP87104881A 1987-04-02 1987-04-02 Dispositif pour mesurer la résistance au tirage d'un boudin de tabac Expired - Lifetime EP0284639B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8787104881T DE3777631D1 (de) 1987-04-02 1987-04-02 Vorrichtung zur messung des zugwiderstandes eines strangs von tabakfasern.
EP87104881A EP0284639B1 (fr) 1987-04-02 1987-04-02 Dispositif pour mesurer la résistance au tirage d'un boudin de tabac
CA000562026A CA1322874C (fr) 1987-04-02 1988-03-21 Appareil de mesure de la resistance a l'etirement d'une tige de fibres de tabac
US07/171,343 US4811744A (en) 1987-04-02 1988-03-21 Apparatus for measuring the draw resistance of a rod of tobacco fibers

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87104881A EP0284639B1 (fr) 1987-04-02 1987-04-02 Dispositif pour mesurer la résistance au tirage d'un boudin de tabac

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0284639A1 true EP0284639A1 (fr) 1988-10-05
EP0284639B1 EP0284639B1 (fr) 1992-03-18

Family

ID=8196890

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87104881A Expired - Lifetime EP0284639B1 (fr) 1987-04-02 1987-04-02 Dispositif pour mesurer la résistance au tirage d'un boudin de tabac

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4811744A (fr)
EP (1) EP0284639B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1322874C (fr)
DE (1) DE3777631D1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU651016B2 (en) * 1991-11-16 1994-07-07 British-American Tobacco Company Limited Improvements relating to measuring cigarette pressure drop
CN110793881A (zh) * 2019-11-06 2020-02-14 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种抽吸过程中滤棒压降的快速测定方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106018168B (zh) * 2016-05-16 2018-07-31 江苏中烟工业有限责任公司 一种在线测量卷烟吸阻的方法
CN114002120A (zh) * 2021-10-14 2022-02-01 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司 加热卷烟主流烟气温度、滤嘴吸阻及截留效率的测量装置

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1166069B (de) * 1960-06-29 1964-03-19 Molins Machine Co Ltd Zigarettenstrangmaschine od. dgl.
GB982001A (en) * 1961-05-05 1965-02-03 Korber Kurt Improvements relating to the measurement of tobacco quantities
DE1902954A1 (de) * 1969-01-22 1970-08-20 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Filterstaeben
DE2332384A1 (de) * 1973-06-26 1975-01-23 Franz Ringlschwendtner Einlauffinger an strangzigaretten und aehnlichen maschinen
UST941011I4 (en) * 1974-05-06 1975-12-02 Automatic controlled apparatus for producing tobacco smoke filter rods
GB1588506A (en) * 1976-07-02 1981-04-23 Molins Ltd Manufacture of filters for cigarettes

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US941011A (en) * 1902-12-12 1909-11-23 Victor Talking Machine Co Apparatus for recording sound.
US3411513A (en) * 1966-11-18 1968-11-19 Knobel Max Method and apparatus for gauging and controlling firmness in cigarettes and the like
US3921644A (en) * 1967-10-09 1975-11-25 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Apparatus for determining the firmness of fillers in cigarette rods or the like
GB1251051A (fr) * 1967-10-09 1971-10-27
GB1304343A (fr) * 1969-01-31 1973-01-24
US4103535A (en) * 1977-08-04 1978-08-01 Philip Morris Incorporated Method and apparatus for examining rod-shaped articles
GB2151024B (en) * 1983-12-10 1987-01-14 British American Tobacco Co Improvements relating to monitoring rod
DE3404635C2 (de) * 1984-02-09 1986-07-03 B.A.T. Cigaretten-Fabriken Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Bestimmung der Härte eines rauchbaren Artikels

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1166069B (de) * 1960-06-29 1964-03-19 Molins Machine Co Ltd Zigarettenstrangmaschine od. dgl.
GB982001A (en) * 1961-05-05 1965-02-03 Korber Kurt Improvements relating to the measurement of tobacco quantities
DE1902954A1 (de) * 1969-01-22 1970-08-20 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Filterstaeben
DE2332384A1 (de) * 1973-06-26 1975-01-23 Franz Ringlschwendtner Einlauffinger an strangzigaretten und aehnlichen maschinen
UST941011I4 (en) * 1974-05-06 1975-12-02 Automatic controlled apparatus for producing tobacco smoke filter rods
GB1588506A (en) * 1976-07-02 1981-04-23 Molins Ltd Manufacture of filters for cigarettes

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU651016B2 (en) * 1991-11-16 1994-07-07 British-American Tobacco Company Limited Improvements relating to measuring cigarette pressure drop
CN110793881A (zh) * 2019-11-06 2020-02-14 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种抽吸过程中滤棒压降的快速测定方法
CN110793881B (zh) * 2019-11-06 2022-07-01 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种抽吸过程中滤棒压降的快速测定方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4811744A (en) 1989-03-14
DE3777631D1 (de) 1992-04-23
CA1322874C (fr) 1993-10-12
EP0284639B1 (fr) 1992-03-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0626472B2 (fr) Dispositif pour mesurer l'épaisseur d'une matière fibreuse avec un guide-mèche pour guider la mèche à l'entrée du système d'étirage
DE19751598A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Behandeln eines Filtertowstreifens
DE2440821C3 (de) Zigarettenfilter und Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu seiner Herstellung
DE4320317C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Fasersträngen
EP0631136B1 (fr) Appareil pour la mesure de la masse ou de la densité transversale de rubans de fibres textiles, et utilisation de l'appareil
DE19528484A1 (de) Vorrichtung an einer Strecke zur Messung der Stärke eines Faserverbandes
DE3414247C2 (de) Vorrichtung zum Messen des Durchmessers von strang- oder stabförmigen Erzeugnissen der tabakverarbeitenden Industrie
DE1532046B2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von nicht umhüllten kontinuierlichen Strängen aus faden- oder faserförmigem Material, vorzugsweise für Tabakfilter
EP1106087B1 (fr) Méthode et appareil pour appliquer une additive préférablement liquide
EP0284639B1 (fr) Dispositif pour mesurer la résistance au tirage d'un boudin de tabac
EP1649764B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour la production de filtres
DE2815025A1 (de) Verfahren und anordnung zum bilden eines filterstranges
EP0284640B1 (fr) Dispositif pour déterminer en continu deux propriétés physiques des éléments d'un article fumable
DE3404635C2 (de) Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Bestimmung der Härte eines rauchbaren Artikels
EP1227925B1 (fr) Dispositif pour determiner l'etat de marche d'une extrudeuse
DE2003691B2 (de) Vorrichtung zum pruefen des fuellgrades von zigaretten
EP1332682A1 (fr) Méthode et dispositif pour la mesure du diamètre d'une tige de cigarette ou d'un article en forme de tige de l'industrie du tabac
DE3738983C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Faserstrangs der tabakverarbeitenden Industrie
DE2728797C2 (de) Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Zigarettenfiltern aus Filterwerg
WO1988009492A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de determination de la teneur en suie de gaz de fumee
EP1247462A2 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de génération d'une information concernant les propriétés d'un courant de fibres
DE19909040A1 (de) Vorrichtung am Ausgang einer Strecke
DE2241774A1 (de) Messanordnung zur erfassung der fuellkraft einen tabakstranges
EP1532876A1 (fr) disposiif de refroidissement pour une paroi à guider une tige dans l'industrie du tabac
DE1902954C3 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Filterstäben

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE GB IT LI NL

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19881103

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19900718

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO MILANO S.P.A.

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE CH DE GB IT LI NL

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3777631

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19920423

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19940317

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19940408

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19940430

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19940506

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19940519

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19950402

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19950430

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19950430

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19950430

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: BAT CIGARETTEN-FABRIKEN G.M.B.H.

Effective date: 19950430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19951101

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19950402

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19951101

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19960103

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050402