EP0281443A1 - Fernbetätigter Ein-/Aus-Schutzschalter - Google Patents

Fernbetätigter Ein-/Aus-Schutzschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0281443A1
EP0281443A1 EP88400265A EP88400265A EP0281443A1 EP 0281443 A1 EP0281443 A1 EP 0281443A1 EP 88400265 A EP88400265 A EP 88400265A EP 88400265 A EP88400265 A EP 88400265A EP 0281443 A1 EP0281443 A1 EP 0281443A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
electromagnet
plane
movable
contacts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88400265A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0281443B1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Cohen
Pierre Lemarquand
Christian Pichard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telemecanique SA
Original Assignee
La Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by La Telemecanique Electrique SA filed Critical La Telemecanique Electrique SA
Publication of EP0281443A1 publication Critical patent/EP0281443A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0281443B1 publication Critical patent/EP0281443B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H89/00—Combinations of two or more different basic types of electric switches, relays, selectors and emergency protective devices, not covered by any single one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H01H89/06—Combination of a manual reset circuit with a contactor, i.e. the same circuit controlled by both a protective and a remote control device
    • H01H89/08—Combination of a manual reset circuit with a contactor, i.e. the same circuit controlled by both a protective and a remote control device with both devices using the same contact pair
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H75/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of power reset mechanism

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromechanical protection switch device with remote-controlled opening and closing of the contacts.
  • Such a device is not conveniently adaptable to a multi-pole protective switch device provided with contact bridges because of the volume occupied by the bridges and by the contact-holding part which houses the bridges, which volume is added to the occupied volume. by the trigger mechanism and the electromagnet.
  • the object of the present invention is in particular to provide a protective switch device with remote-controlled opening and closing of at least one contact bridge by using a simple arrangement and the space requirement of which is minimized, particularly in a direction parallel to (x) contact bridge (s).
  • Another purpose is to separate, in a very simple manner, the circuit breaker part and the contactor part of a protective switch device provided with at least one contact bridge.
  • the protective switch device comprises, in a multi-pole housing at least one interruptible current path, a manual triggering device or overcurrent device provided with a triggering mechanism connected, on the one hand, to the set of contacts and, on the other hand, a magnetic and / or thermal trip device, the latter controlling said mechanism for opening the set of contacts, a reclosing member for closing the set of contacts and an electrical control device remotely comprising an electromagnet provided with a movable element in response to an electric command for opening or closing and a drive member subject to the movable element and capable of causing at least one pseudo-fixed contact or of the contact assembly.
  • the set of contacts comprises at least two fixed contacts each connected to a respective terminal of connection and at least two movable contacts each associated with one of the fixed contacts and carried by a respective bridge of contact of plane of symmetry XX movable in a direction contained in this plane of symmetry;
  • the trigger mechanism extends in the vicinity of the plane of symmetry XX and the electromagnet of the electrical control device and the magnetic and / or thermal trigger are respectively housed in the housing on either side of the trigger mechanism in a direction YY perpendicular to the plane of symmetry.
  • the protective switch device thus arranged is particularly simple and compact.
  • the electrical control electromagnet may have an axis of symmetry X1-X1 parallel or perpendicular to the plane of symmetry X-X.
  • the trigger mechanism is housed in a compartment which is narrow in the direction YY perpendicular to the plane of symmetry and from which protrude from the housing a start button and a stop button movable parallel to the plane XX, and the electromagnet electric control unit housed laterally to the compartment has an axis of symmetry X1-X1 parallel to the plane XX and has its smallest dimension in the direction YY perpendicular to the plane of symmetry.
  • the electric control electromagnet determines a simple cut;
  • the bridge contact capable of being moved by the drive member in contactor mode is one of the fixed contacts - or pseudo-fixed contact - whose retraction by the electromagnet causes the opening desired contacts and limited tilting of the contact bridge.
  • This limitation of the tilting of the contact bridge can be provided by a fixed stop relative to the housing or can, in a very simple manner, be provided by the contact holder itself.
  • the electric control electromagnet still determines a simple breaking; the contact of the bridge displaceable by the drive member in contactor mode is one of the movable contacts of the bridge; the thrust of the contact bridge by the drive member at a point offset from the plane X-X then produces the desired cut, while the contact bridge undergoes a limited tilting.
  • the electrical control electromagnet comprises a frame or a movable core of axis X1-X1 parallel or perpendicular to the plane XX, coupled directly or by means of a lever to a slide in the form of a comb, the fingers each pass through a narrow space formed between the contact carrier and a fixed contact piece.
  • the remote control electromagnet determines a double cut;
  • the drive member is constituted by a lever applicable against the contact carrier to drive the latter, while the contact carrier comprises an elastically extensible rod to allow the drive of said contact carrier in contactor mode while ensuring the independence sought from movements of the circuit breaker lock and lever.
  • the protective switch device 10 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 is a multipole device - in this three-pole example - but which can also be two- or four-pole.
  • the device is double cut in the event of manual tripping or on fault (circuit breaker mode) and it is single cut in the event of remote-controlled opening (contactor mode).
  • Each pole has a molded housing 11 provided with a base 12 and a cover 13 having a nose 13a having a normalized width L of 45 mm usual for low voltage electrical equipment.
  • Each pole includes an interruptible current path between two terminals 14,15 suitable for the connection of external conductors not shown.
  • To the terminals 14,15 are connected respective flat connection pieces 16,17 which are electrically connected each to a fixed contact 18,19 disposed on a respective fixed contact piece which ends in a C shape.
  • the current flow between the two contacts 18,19 is ensured or interrupted by means of a mobile contact bridge 22 of plane of symmetry XX carrying two mobile contacts 20,21 cooperating with the fixed contacts 18, respectively 19.
  • the movable bridges 22 of the various poles are housed in a contact-carrying part 23 and are each biased by a respective contact pressure spring 24; the contact carrier is movable in a direction contained in the plane X-X.
  • each side of the bridge there is provided on each side of the bridge a block of fins 26, 27 for arc cutting.
  • Each connection piece 17 is linked to a bimetal thermal trip device 30 arranged in series with a magnetic trip device 31.
  • the mobile element 32 of the trip device 31 can actuate a lifting beam 33 common to the various poles and integral with a pivoting lever 34 which penetrates in a compartment 35 housing a trigger lock mechanism 36 in order to actuate the latter; the compartment 35 allows the mounting of a trigger push-button or stop button 37 and a reset / reset push-button or start button 38.
  • Each bimetallic strip 30 is capable of actuating a common spreader 39 having a lever 39a which enters the compartment 35 to act on the lock 36.
  • Two housings A, B substantially of the same volume are formed between, on the one hand, the compartment 35 and, on the other hand, the modular nose 13a of the housing 11. It should be noted that the compartment 35 is narrow in the direction YY perpendicular to the plane XX.
  • the housing A In the housing A are arranged the thermal and magnetic triggers 31 and the corresponding horns 33, 39.
  • an electromagnet 40 for electrical control having an axis of symmetry X1-X1 parallel to X-X.
  • the electromagnet 40 is of flat shape parallel to the plane X-X (FIG. 1) and it is provided with a coil 47 and a movable armature of magnetic circuit, in this case a movable flat core 41.
  • the core is integral with a mobile assembly or insulating slide 42 urged by at least one spring 43 towards an open position of the contacts (see FIG. 4).
  • the frame could also be connected to the slide via a pivoting lever.
  • the electromagnet 40 shown in the remote-controlled closed position of the contacts, is of the bistable type and comprises a fixed U-shaped magnetic circuit, 44 on the core of which is fixed a magnet pad. permanent 45.
  • the latter allows the mobile core 41 to be hung in the base position in FIG. 4- and to immobilize the slide 42 against the force of the springs 43 in the indicated position for closing the contacts.
  • the slider 42 is, for this purpose, directly coupled to pseudo-fixed contact pieces 18a which constitute all or part of the fixed contact pieces of the various poles.
  • a flexible electrical connection 46 such as a braid is provided between the connection piece 16 and the pseudo-fixed contact piece 18a.
  • the mobile core 42 lifts after being detached from the magnet 45 after having received a current pulse producing a flux antagonistic to that of the magnet; in this way, the slide 42 rises with the pseudo-fixed contact 18a which separates from the movable contact 20. The latter is raised in fact slightly up to the stop of the contact bridges 22 against the contact carrier 23.
  • the electromagnet 40 comprises two opposite attachment magnets and it is then devoid of the springs 43.
  • the switching device is simple cut-off in the case of a remote control and has an advantageously bistable electromagnet with permanent magnet and "high" hooking which will be described with reference to FIG. 9.
  • the slider 42 is coupled to or secured to an angled drive comb 50 provided with insulating pushers 51 parallel to the plane X1-X1 and located between the latter and the plane XX; each pusher 51 is associated with a respective contact bridge and passes through a narrow space 52 formed between the contact carrier 23 and the respective fixed contact 18; another pusher 51 can be assigned to the control of an additive switch.
  • the remote-controlled opening of the contacts is caused by the displacement of the core 41 and takes place with a tilting of the contact bridge 22 around the fixed contact bridge 19 situated opposite the electromagnet 40 relative to on plane XX.
  • the tilting of the bridge is accompanied by the crushing of the contact pressure spring 24.
  • the springs 43 exert a force greater than the contact pressure, so that each release of the electromagnet corresponds to the opening of the contacts.
  • the circuit breaker device is double cut in the event of a remote control and has a flat electromagnet, for example of the type illustrated in FIG. 9.
  • the slide 42 of the electromagnet is articulated at its lower end to a lever 60 mounted pivoting about an axis 61 fixed relative to the housing.
  • the lever 60 is applied at an intermediate point along its length to a surface 62 of the contact carrier 23.
  • the carrier contact has the particularity of comprising an elastically extensible rod to ensure the independence of the movements of the circuit breaker lock and of lever 60.
  • the elastic rod comprises in the present embodiment, two mutually displaceable parts of the contact carrier and an intermediate spring of compression 63.
  • the spring 63 is housed in a guide 64 of the lower part 65 of the contact carrier between a support 66 of this lower part and a support 67 of the upper part 68 of the contact carrier.
  • This upper part is a link surrounded by the spring 63 and guided by the lower part 65 and it has a head 69 for connection with the lock of the circuit breaker device.
  • This embodiment of the contact carrier makes it possible to obtain the desired separation while being compact.
  • the flat electromagnet shown in Figure 9 is suitable for the two embodiments of Figures 5,6 and 7,8. It is shown in the open state of the contacts and differs slightly from the electromagnet of Figure 4 in that the core is hung in the high position in the operating state of the device and is pushed back in the low position. in the device off state.
  • the permanent attachment magnet 45 is therefore located in the upper part of the electromagnet against the core of the inverted U of the fixed magnetic circuit, while the springs 43 tend to push the moving element 42 down.
  • Figures 10 to 13 show in a bipolar circuit breaker device according to Figures 7 and 8 the contact carrier 23 and the lever 60 in the following respective states: open contacts with closed circuit breaker and open contactor (Figure 10); contacts closed with circuit breaker closed and contactor closed ( Figure 11); open contacts with open circuit breaker and open contactor (Figure 12); contacts open with circuit breaker open and contactor closed ( Figure 13).
  • the lever 60 comprises two parallel arms 70, 71 applicable on the bearing surfaces 62 of the lower part 65 of the contact carrier on either side of the guide 64 of the spring 63. It is of course possible to design carriers contacts with different elastic connecting rods, for example with central lever and two lateral springs; the compression spring 63 can be replaced by a tension spring.
  • circuit breaker of Figures 7 and 8 operates as described below.
  • Figure 12 shows the case where an opening remote control is added to a manual trigger or overcurrent.
  • the contact carrier being brought to the same position as in FIG. 13, the lever 60 descends without coming to bear on it because the stroke of the contact carrier in circuit breaker mode is slightly greater than its stroke in contactor mode.
  • a member for forcing the core 41 of the electromagnet can be provided.
  • This member is constituted for example by a part of the slide 42 accessible by a recess 70 of the front face of the device. It makes it possible to force the opening of the contact bridges 22.
  • a similar device can be provided in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 by means of the provision of an appropriate return lever to transform a downward movement exerted via the recess 70 in upward movement of the slide.
  • the accessible slide part can also serve as a visible status display element via the recess 70.
  • a device for electrical control by pulses of the previously described bistable electromagnet can be integrated into the housing 11 and arranged to transmit bidirectional control pulses to the coil of the electromagnet.
  • the electromagnet can be monostable in order to keep the contacts closed or open when its coil is energized.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 Two embodiments of the apparatus using monostable electromagnets are thus represented in FIGS. 14 and 15.
  • a monostable electromagnet requires a larger magnetic circuit and a coil than a bistable electromagnet due holding current.
  • the electromagnet 80 is not housed in the nose of the device, but has a core mobile 81 of axis XI-XI parallel to the plane XX and integral with a comb-shaped slide 82 whose fingers 83 pass parallel to the plane XX in a narrow space 84 between the contact carrier 23 and the contact piece 18.
  • the electromagnet 90 is not housed in the nose of the device and has a movable core 91 of axis X2-X2 perpendicular to the plane XX and actuating via a return lever 94 a slide in comb shape 92, the fingers 93 of which pass parallel to the plane XX in the narrow space 84.
  • the slides or the pushing fingers are of course suitably guided in their movement parallel to the plane X-X.
  • the slides 42, 82, 92 especially when they are formed in one piece with the tilting fingers of the contact bridges, are advantageously constituted by thin pieces, for example strips or blades, whose thinness allows the fingers to cross the spaces 52 without damaging repercussions on the size of the device.

Landscapes

  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Switch Cases, Indication, And Locking (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
EP88400265A 1987-02-13 1988-02-05 Fernbetätigter Ein-/Aus-Schutzschalter Expired - Lifetime EP0281443B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8701818A FR2611082B1 (fr) 1987-02-13 1987-02-13 Appareil interrupteur de protection a ouverture et fermeture telecommandables
FR8701818 1987-02-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0281443A1 true EP0281443A1 (de) 1988-09-07
EP0281443B1 EP0281443B1 (de) 1992-09-02

Family

ID=9347886

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88400265A Expired - Lifetime EP0281443B1 (de) 1987-02-13 1988-02-05 Fernbetätigter Ein-/Aus-Schutzschalter

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4855698A (de)
EP (1) EP0281443B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS63202816A (de)
KR (1) KR910005758B1 (de)
BR (1) BR8800616A (de)
DE (1) DE3874168T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2034284T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2611082B1 (de)
HK (1) HK138393A (de)
IN (1) IN171859B (de)
MX (1) MX163243B (de)
SG (1) SG57293G (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2234396A (en) * 1989-07-27 1991-01-30 Telemecanique Double cut-off contact maker/breaker
EP0501844A1 (de) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-02 Schneider Electric Sa Schutzschalter mit einer thermomagnetischer Unterbaugruppe
DE4208716A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-24 Telemecanique Electrique Schutzschalter zur ankopplung an ein betaetigungsmodul und/oder ein meldemodul
FR2799574A1 (fr) * 1999-10-11 2001-04-13 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Contacteur-disjoncteur
FR2940515A1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-25 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de telecommande et disjoncteur telecommande equipe d'un tel dispositif
WO2010076403A1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2010-07-08 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Dispositif de télécommande et disjoncteur télécommandé equipe d'un tel dispositif
CN104319126A (zh) * 2014-11-12 2015-01-28 上海奇佳电子有限公司 一种二合一开关

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2628260B1 (fr) * 1988-03-04 1990-07-20 Telemecanique Electrique Appareil de protection a contacts commandables par un electroaimant
US5041805A (en) * 1988-10-06 1991-08-20 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Remote-controlled circuit breaker
JPH02100230A (ja) * 1988-10-06 1990-04-12 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 遠隔操作式回路遮断器
KR920003958B1 (ko) * 1988-10-06 1992-05-18 미쓰비시전기 주식회사 원격조작식 회로차단기
KR920003957B1 (ko) * 1988-10-17 1992-05-18 미쯔비시 덴끼 가부시기가이샤 원격조작식 회로차단기
JP2763573B2 (ja) * 1989-03-28 1998-06-11 松下電工株式会社 リモコンブレーカ
FR2669463B1 (fr) * 1990-11-15 1995-05-12 Telemecanique Interrupteur de protection.
FR2676592B1 (fr) * 1991-05-13 1993-07-23 Telemecanique Appareil interrupteur de courant a protection thermique et magnetique.
KR20030058755A (ko) * 2001-12-31 2003-07-07 엘지산전 주식회사 회로 차단기의 원격 제어장치
KR100623931B1 (ko) * 2005-05-23 2006-09-15 강필구 분전함에 내장된 차단기의 스위치 원격 개폐장치
DE102006055007A1 (de) * 2006-11-22 2008-05-29 Abb Ag Installationsschaltgerät mit einer Doppelunterbrechung
US7936239B2 (en) * 2008-04-15 2011-05-03 General Electric Company Breaker interlock system and method
US7982564B2 (en) * 2008-06-30 2011-07-19 Remy Technologies, Llc Starter solenoid with vibration resistant features
JP2011014313A (ja) * 2009-06-30 2011-01-20 Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd 直流遮断器
DE102016105341B4 (de) * 2016-03-22 2022-05-25 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Schutzschaltgerät
DE102017109210B4 (de) * 2017-04-28 2023-10-12 Tdk Electronics Ag Relais
DE102020200993B4 (de) 2020-01-28 2023-06-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Fernantrieb, Anordnung mit einem Fernantrieb sowie Verfahren

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3308404A (en) * 1964-02-10 1967-03-07 Fujita Teizo Electric switch responsive to predetermined or abnormal current condition
FR2003575A1 (de) * 1968-03-09 1969-11-07 Stotz Kontakt Gmbh
EP0103022A1 (de) * 1982-01-29 1984-03-21 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Ferngesteuerter ausschalter
EP0179677A1 (de) * 1984-09-27 1986-04-30 Telemecanique Schaltvorrichtung mit variabler Zusammensetzung
FR2577071A1 (fr) * 1985-02-01 1986-08-08 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Disjoncteur telecommande
EP0237607A1 (de) * 1986-03-21 1987-09-23 Square D Company (Deutschland) Gmbh Schütz

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5347799Y2 (de) * 1973-07-16 1978-11-15
US4164719A (en) * 1978-04-03 1979-08-14 Gould Inc. Load management apparatus for residential load centers
US4725794A (en) * 1985-06-27 1988-02-16 Barczys Daniel A Receiver multicoupler using no-loss signal splitter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3308404A (en) * 1964-02-10 1967-03-07 Fujita Teizo Electric switch responsive to predetermined or abnormal current condition
FR2003575A1 (de) * 1968-03-09 1969-11-07 Stotz Kontakt Gmbh
EP0103022A1 (de) * 1982-01-29 1984-03-21 Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. Ferngesteuerter ausschalter
EP0179677A1 (de) * 1984-09-27 1986-04-30 Telemecanique Schaltvorrichtung mit variabler Zusammensetzung
FR2577071A1 (fr) * 1985-02-01 1986-08-08 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Disjoncteur telecommande
EP0237607A1 (de) * 1986-03-21 1987-09-23 Square D Company (Deutschland) Gmbh Schütz

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1004482A3 (fr) * 1989-07-27 1992-12-01 Telemecanique Contacteur-disjoncteur a double coupure.
FR2650437A1 (fr) * 1989-07-27 1991-02-01 Telemecanique Contacteur-disjoncteur a double coupure
GB2234396B (en) * 1989-07-27 1994-02-02 Telemecanique Contact maker-breaker with double cut-off
GB2234396A (en) * 1989-07-27 1991-01-30 Telemecanique Double cut-off contact maker/breaker
FR2673487A1 (fr) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-04 Telemecanique Interrupteur de protection incorporant un sous-ensemble magnetothermique de declenchement.
EP0501844A1 (de) * 1991-02-28 1992-09-02 Schneider Electric Sa Schutzschalter mit einer thermomagnetischer Unterbaugruppe
DE4208716A1 (de) * 1991-03-21 1992-09-24 Telemecanique Electrique Schutzschalter zur ankopplung an ein betaetigungsmodul und/oder ein meldemodul
DE4208716C2 (de) * 1991-03-21 1998-06-04 Telemecanique Electrique Schutzschaltgerät
FR2799574A1 (fr) * 1999-10-11 2001-04-13 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Contacteur-disjoncteur
FR2940515A1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-25 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de telecommande et disjoncteur telecommande equipe d'un tel dispositif
WO2010076403A1 (fr) * 2008-12-19 2010-07-08 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Dispositif de télécommande et disjoncteur télécommandé equipe d'un tel dispositif
CN104319126A (zh) * 2014-11-12 2015-01-28 上海奇佳电子有限公司 一种二合一开关
CN104319126B (zh) * 2014-11-12 2018-12-21 上海奇佳电子有限公司 一种二合一开关

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0281443B1 (de) 1992-09-02
MX163243B (es) 1992-03-23
ES2034284T3 (es) 1993-04-01
HK138393A (en) 1993-12-24
FR2611082B1 (fr) 1993-05-28
KR880010451A (ko) 1988-10-08
SG57293G (en) 1993-07-09
FR2611082A1 (fr) 1988-08-19
DE3874168T2 (de) 1993-01-21
US4855698A (en) 1989-08-08
DE3874168D1 (de) 1992-10-08
IN171859B (de) 1993-01-23
JPS63202816A (ja) 1988-08-22
KR910005758B1 (ko) 1991-08-02
BR8800616A (pt) 1988-09-27

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