EP0279066A2 - Printing machine - Google Patents

Printing machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0279066A2
EP0279066A2 EP87118998A EP87118998A EP0279066A2 EP 0279066 A2 EP0279066 A2 EP 0279066A2 EP 87118998 A EP87118998 A EP 87118998A EP 87118998 A EP87118998 A EP 87118998A EP 0279066 A2 EP0279066 A2 EP 0279066A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
printing
electrode
machine according
printing machine
printing form
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87118998A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0279066A3 (en
EP0279066B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Scheer
Hartmut Dipl.-Phys. Fuhrmann
Gerhard Prof. Dipl.-Chem. Kossmehl
Matthias Dipl.-Chem. Niemitz
Detlef Dipl.-Chem. Kabbeck-Kupijai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manroland AG
Original Assignee
MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
MAN Technologie AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG, MAN Technologie AG filed Critical MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
Publication of EP0279066A2 publication Critical patent/EP0279066A2/en
Publication of EP0279066A3 publication Critical patent/EP0279066A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0279066B1 publication Critical patent/EP0279066B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • B41C1/1041—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by modification of the lithographic properties without removal or addition of material, e.g. by the mere generation of a lithographic pattern
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/20—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein using electric current

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a printing press which works in the planographic printing process and is equipped with a printing form which has wettable and non-wettable areas corresponding to an image to be printed, means being provided which, under computer control, circumscribe the printing form for an image change within the printing press or remodel.
  • printing forms are used which are clamped on a printing form cylinder and which are used for image transmission for the printing process.
  • the printing form contains two areas, namely the water-repellent area representing the image parts and the water-accepting area representing the non-image parts.
  • the printing form is wetted by means of a so-called dampening system with dampening solution, such as a water / alcohol mixture, the dampening solution being bound to the surface of the printing form in the non-image areas.
  • dampening solution such as a water / alcohol mixture
  • the dampening solution is thus only displaced or emulsified into the hydrophobic image areas by the printing ink subsequently applied to the printing form.
  • the color thus applied to the printing form is finally printed on a sheet of paper using a rubber cylinder.
  • the printing form is produced outside the printing press with the respective image, so that there are downtimes and personnel costs for the machine for the replacement of printing forms.
  • electronically stored data can be used today, which contain all of the information to be printed.
  • a printing press is known from EP-A 101266 with which such electronically coded printing information is used in order to carry out a direct production or new production of the printing form located in the printing press. As a result, it is no longer necessary to change the printing form and the associated downtime of the machine and the personnel expenditure.
  • the known printing press is characterized in that the printing form cylinder surface has a hydrophilic surface forming the printing form, which is washed by means provided in the printing press, coated with a hydrophobic layer and then, for. B. can be acted upon by a laser steel.
  • the redesign of the printing form requires a brief interruption in the printing process by switching on the washing, coating and laser device when the image changes while the machine is in operation.
  • the previous color layer is washed off and the hydrophobic layer is renewed, which is removed locally with the laser beam in accordance with the image to be printed.
  • the laser beam is controlled using the coded print information.
  • the invention has for its object to find another solution for a printing press of the type mentioned, with which the printing area can be converted in a simple manner and with simple manufacturing technology.
  • the printing form can be designed in the form of a film which is clamped onto a plate or a cylinder, wherein either the entire film or only the film surface consists of the electrically controllable material. But it is also possible to design the plate or cylinder surface as a printing form, i. i.e. to coat with the material.
  • controllable material With selectively applied electrical currents or fields from different directions, the controllable material is selectively brought into one or the other state.
  • the sum of the points in one state represents the image areas and that of the other the non-image areas.
  • the state of the associated material point can be reversed by reversing the polarity of the electrical signal.
  • the control can also be carried out electrochemically with a suitable electrolyte solution.
  • the material is an electrically conductive polymer.
  • electrically conductive polymers can be produced by electrochemical polymerization of aromatics and heteroaromatics or their substitution products.
  • flexible, electrically conductive polymer films are formed on the anode, which contain positively charged polymer chains and negative counterions from the electrolyte solution.
  • the polymer formed on the anode by electrochemical oxidation is hydrophilic due to its salt-like character. Polymers charged in this way can be reversibly converted into an uncharged state which is hydrophobic by a simple electrochemical reduction. From this state, it can be returned to the charged state by electrochemical oxidation.
  • the properties of this material can be repeated and partially varied between the two states by partial oxidation or reduction.
  • Appropriate local control means that the information to be printed can be transferred to the polymer forming the printing form in such a way that uncharged areas and non-image areas are created for the image parts.
  • a suitable polymer for a printing form is, for example, polypyrrole, which has the following structure:
  • the polypyrrole is hydrophobic.
  • this polymer changes into a salt-like state, which, using e.g. B. NH4Br as the electrolyte has the following structure for a polymer unit:
  • Aromatics and heteroaromatics such as thiophene, pyrrole, furan, indole, carbazole, benzothiophenes and their substitution products such as 3-alkyl-, especially 3-methyl-, 3-alkyloxy are particularly suitable as monomers which can be converted into suitable polymers by oxidative polymerization -, 3,4-dialkyloxy-, mainly 3-methoxy-, 3,4-dimethoxy-, 3-alkylthio-, especially 3-methylthio-, 3,4-bis (methylthio) -thiophene, -pyrrole, -furan, 2,2 ⁇ -bithienyl, 2,2 ⁇ , 5 ⁇ , 2 ⁇ -terthienyl, di-2-thienyl sulfide, methane, 1,2-di-2-thienylethylene, aniline, substituted anilines, p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, 4,4 ⁇ -diaminodiphenylmethane, ether
  • Inert salts are used as conductive salts under the conditions of the electrochemical reaction, in particular inorganic conductive salts such as ammonium, lithium, sodium tetrafluoroborates, -perchlorates, -sulfates, -hydrogen sulfates; quaternary ammonium salts such as tetraalkylammonium perchlorates, tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphates, hexafluoroantimonates, hexafluoroarsenates, methanesulfonates, toluenesulfonates, trifluoromethanesulfonates, trifluoroacetates; other alkyl sulfonates and sulfates such as lauryl sulfate and other anionic surfactants such.
  • inorganic conductive salts such as ammonium, lithium, sodium tetrafluoroborates, -perchlorates, -
  • B. alkyl carboxylates These salts are dissolved in solvents which are also inert under the conditions of the electrochemical reaction, such as acetonitrile, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, methanesulfonic acid, dichloromethane, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, nitrobenzene, nitroethane, nitromethane, dichloromethane, propionitrile, propylene carbonate, Tetrahydrofuran, benzonitrile and sulfolane.
  • solvents which are also inert under the conditions of the electrochemical reaction, such as acetonitrile, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, methanesulfonic acid, dichloromethane, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, nitrobenzene, nitroethane, nitromethane, dichloromethane, propionitrile, propylene carbonate, Tetrahydrofuran, benzonitrile and sulfolane.
  • the printing form is assigned an electrolyte solution and electrodes, which are integrated into the printing press.
  • the electrolyte solution preferably contains conductive salts which are inert under the conditions of the electrochemical reaction and have sufficient solubility in the solvent used in each case.
  • Organic solvents such as acetonitrile, nitromethane, but also water with conductive salts such as tetrabutylammonium and tetraethylammonium salts can be used as solvents.
  • conductive salts such as tetrabutylammonium and tetraethylammonium salts
  • Alkali metal salts and alkyl sulfonates are best used for aqueous solvents.
  • the surface of the forme cylinder which forms or receives the printing form can be used as the first electrode, in that it is designed accordingly and configured either as a homogeneous or matrix-like electrode.
  • the counterelectrode is an electrode provided as an additional component in the printing press, which, depending on the configuration of the first electrode, is designed in a matrix-like or homogeneous manner, in such a way that one electrode is homogeneous and the other is matrix-like.
  • the counterelectrode can be designed as a metal roller with a slightly roughened surface, which is rotatably mounted in a tub with electrolyte solution and serves to convey the electrolyte solution.
  • This function can also be performed with a counter electrode, which has a sieve-like outer surface, but which can also have a cleaning effect on the printing plate if the counter electrode is designed so that the sieve-like outer surface provides electrolyte solution under sufficient pressure in the contact zone between the printing plate and Counter electrode can be pressed.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the printing form is simultaneously freed from the color of the previous printing process during a rewriting process.
  • counter electrodes can be designed in the form of electrode strips, each with a width of one or more grid spacings.
  • a single electrode strip is also conceivable, which is controlled anew for each new line.
  • the microprocessors required to control the rewriting process can preferably be attached to the rear of the matrix electrode.
  • the invention extends to a method for producing a printing form, which is characterized by the features of claims 13 to 18.
  • Fig. 1 the image transfer cylinders of a printing press are shown, which work according to the flat printing or offset printing method.
  • the paper (10) to be printed is guided between a printing cylinder (11) and a rubber cylinder (12) and takes up the printing ink applied to the rubber cylinder (12).
  • the color distributed according to a typeface or a graphic image is transferred from a printing form (13), which is clamped on a likewise rotatable form cylinder (14), to the rubber cylinder (12).
  • the image to be printed is imaged on the printing form (13) by areas which are water-repellent, i.e. H. are hydrophobic.
  • the printing form (13) passes through a dampening unit (15).
  • the hydrophobic areas are not wetted by the dampening solution on the surface, while the dampening solution is bound to the hydrophilic areas.
  • the moistened surface then passes through an inking unit (16) with which the printing ink is applied.
  • the hydrophilic areas do not accept any printing ink. In contrast, the color is assumed at the hydrophobic areas representing the image parts.
  • the printing form (13) can be produced from any material which can assume both a water-absorbing and a water-repellent state, a change in state in one or the other direction being able to be brought about by means of electrical or electrochemical pulses.
  • Examples of such materials are electrically conductive polymers that can be produced by electrochemical polymerization.
  • An electrically conductive polymer can be produced, for example, as follows:
  • a polymer is deposited on the anode by using a current density of 0.1 to 1 mA / cm2.
  • Medium-polar organic solvents such as acetonitrile, nitromethane or dichloromethane can be used as solvents, which are suitable for less polar monomers, such as.
  • B. thiophene and its derivatives and tetrabutylammonium or tetraethylammonium salts are suitable as a monomer or conductive salt.
  • Other solvents are water or water / organic solvent mixtures, for which polar monomers such as pyrrole, aniline and their derivatives and salts such as alkali metal salts or alkyl sulfonates are suitable.
  • the printing form (13) is formed according to FIG. 1 as a layer up to about 10 ⁇ m thick, which is applied to the form cylinder (14).
  • the layer (13) is preferably deposited by electrochemical polymerization directly onto the forme cylinder (14) designed as an anode.
  • the layer can also be applied to a carrier film (eg made of aluminum) and stretched onto the forme cylinder with this film.
  • a washing system (17) and an electrolyte system (18) are also provided in the printing press. After the printing sequence of an original has ended, the washing system (17) and the electrolyte system (18) are switched on without switching off the printing machine. After the printing ink has been delivered to the rubber cylinder (12), the printing form (13) passes through the washing system (17), with which the ink residues are washed off the printing form, in order then to be acted upon by the electric field of the electrolyte system (18). This is where the printing form (13) is reversed to produce a new image, as will be described below.
  • the printing form (13) is in contact with an electrolyte solution (20) and is located with it between a first electrode (21), which is formed by the forme cylinder (14), and a counter electrode (22), which is designed as an electrode roller according to FIG. 1 is.
  • the electrolyte solution (20) consists of a conductive salt dissolved in a sufficient amount in a solvent.
  • the substances used in the production of the polymer can be used as conductive salts and solvents. Water is preferably used as the solvent of the conductive salt for the reversal in the machine.
  • an information transmission unit (24) which consists of an information distribution system (25) located in the editorial office and a control unit (26) located on or in the printing press.
  • an information distribution system (25) located in the editorial office
  • a control unit (26) located on or in the printing press.
  • This information is passed on via interface to a machine computer, which processes the information into control signals (27) with which voltage or current pulses (23) are applied to the electrodes (21, 22) via microprocessors (28).
  • the polymer forming the printing form (13) is reversibly charged or discharged, i. that is, a transfer or rewriting of the printing form (13) takes place by reversing the voltage.
  • the image is broken down into halftone dots, as is customary in printing technology.
  • a grid of 30 / cm is common in newspaper printing, and a grid of 120 / cm in high-quality illustration printing.
  • Each of these halftone dots must be separately controllable in order to produce the print areas by reversing them according to the image.
  • the electrode (21) located on the surface of the forme cylinder (14) is designed as an electrode matrix, each electrode element being assigned to a grid point.
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view of the greatly enlarged electrode matrix (21).
  • a large number of microprocessors (28) are provided for controlling the individual electrode elements (30), a certain number of electrode elements (30) being assigned to a microprocessor (28).
  • the microprocessors are arranged in the forme cylinder (14) on the back of the electrode (21), as shown in cross section in FIG. 1 and with thicker lines in FIG. 3. For example, a 1 cm2 grid area could be controlled by a microprocessor (28).
  • the electrode elements (30) (Fig. 3) are controlled or not controlled with the control device, depending on whether the point in question already has the state desired for the new image or not .
  • the electrode elements (30) can be activated in sequence or line by line at the same time.
  • the electrolyte solution (20) in a container is conveyed by the counter-electrode roller (22), which is designed as a homogeneous electrode with a rough surface.
  • the electrolyte solution can also be introduced into the reversing zone with a separate feed device.
  • the counter-electrode roller (22) is rotated, which entrains an electrolyte film (40) over the rough surface and into the gap (29) between the printing form (13) and counter-electrode (22) promoted.
  • Another variant is the formation of an electrode with a sieve-like outer surface, through which electrolyte solution is pressed into the contact zone (29) under sufficient pressure during the rewriting process and the color is thereby kept out of the gap. This makes it possible to save a separate cleaning process with a separate washing system (17).
  • the electrode on the forme cylinder (14) can be homogeneous and the counterelectrode (22) can be designed in a matrix.
  • a matrix electrode as the counter electrode, it can also be made in several parts. If several counter electrodes are used, the grid density can be reduced. It is conceivable to produce the matrix electrode from electrode strips in single or multiple grid spacing or to use only one electrode row with which the entire printing form is treated line by line by the printing form (13) passing through the forming zone.
  • Another way of producing the matrix electrode is to use a homogeneous electrode, for example a metal roller, which is coated with a photoconductor.
  • a homogeneous electrode for example a metal roller, which is coated with a photoconductor.
  • 5 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the forme cylinder (51) receiving the printing form (50) is designed as a homogeneous electrode, while the counter electrode (52) takes over the function of the matrix electrode.
  • the counter electrode consists of a homogeneous electrode jacket, for example made of metal, which is coated with a photoconductor (53).
  • the photoconductor is exposed imagewise on a surface line of the counterelectrode (52) by means of a radiation source (54).
  • the photoconductor (53) becomes conductive at the exposed points (55), so that when the conductive point (55) enters the contact zone (56) to the forme cylinder (51), the required current between the forme cylinder electrode (51) and the counter electrode (52 ) can flow to reverse the printing form (50).
  • the information to be transmitted is controlled via the light source (54) and briefly stored on the photoconductor (53).
  • the photoconductor preferably has the property of only briefly maintaining the conductivity introduced by the exposure.
  • the conductivity should be maintained up to the contact zone (56). After the line to be transferred has left the contact zone (56) again, the conductive points (55) do not have to become conductive again in order to allow a new description for the next rotation of the counter electrode (52).
  • Organic photoconductors can in particular be used as the photoconductor (53).
  • the desired opening and closing requirements of the photoconductor (53) can be influenced by applying or introducing afterglow substances in such a way that the conductive state is extended over time.
  • a thermal treatment is also conceivable with which the exposed areas (57) after passing through the contact area (56) accelerated to be made non-conductive. Otherwise, the diameter of a drum-like counterelectrode (52) and the arrangement of the radiation source (54) will be determined in accordance with the switch-on and switch-on characteristics of the selected photoconductor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)

Abstract

Im Flachdruckverfahren arbeitende Druckmaschine mit einer Druckform (13), die ein zu druckendes Abbild in der Form von wasserabweisenden und wasserannehmenden Bereichen darstellt. Um eine Umschreibung des zu druckenden Bildes direkt in der Druckmaschine vornehmen zu können, wird vorgeschlagen, eine Druckform aus einem Material, beispielsweise einem Polymer, herzustellen, das bereichsweise durch elektrische Steuerungen von einem wasserabweisenden in einen wasserannehmenden Zustand und umgekehrt überführbar ist. Die Ansteuerung erfolgt durch einen elektrochemischen Prozeß, wobei die eine Elektrode der Formzylinder (14) und die Gegenelektrode (22) eine in einen Elektrolytbehälter (20) drehbar gelagerte Walze ist. Eine der beiden Elektroden (21) ist matrixartig ausgeführt und wird mit einem üblichen Bildraster angesteuert.Printing machine working in the planographic printing process with a printing form (13) which represents an image to be printed in the form of water-repellent and water-accepting areas. In order to be able to make a description of the image to be printed directly in the printing press, it is proposed to produce a printing form from a material, for example a polymer, which can be converted from a water-repellent to a water-accepting state and vice versa by electrical controls. The control takes place by means of an electrochemical process, the one electrode of the forme cylinder (14) and the counter electrode (22) being a roller rotatably mounted in an electrolyte container (20). One of the two electrodes (21) is designed like a matrix and is controlled with a conventional image grid.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Druckmaschine, die im Flachdruckverfahren arbeitet und mit einer Druckform ausgestattet ist, die entsprechend einem zu druckenden Bild benetzbare und nicht benetzbare Bereiche aufweist, wobei Mittel vorgesehen sind, die computergesteuert die Druckform für einen Bildwechsel innerhalb der Druckmaschine umschreiben bzw. umgestalten.The invention relates to a printing press which works in the planographic printing process and is equipped with a printing form which has wettable and non-wettable areas corresponding to an image to be printed, means being provided which, under computer control, circumscribe the printing form for an image change within the printing press or remodel.

Bei Druckmaschinen, die nach dem Flachdruckverfahren arbeiten, werden Druckformen verwendet, die auf einem Druckform­zylinder aufgespannt werden und die zur Bildübertragung für den Druckvorgang dienen. Dazu enthält die Druckform jeweils zwei Bereiche, nämlich den die Bildteile darstellenden, wasserab­weisenden Bereich und den die Nichtbildteile darstellenden, wasserannehmenden Bereich.In printing machines that work according to the planographic printing process, printing forms are used which are clamped on a printing form cylinder and which are used for image transmission for the printing process. For this purpose, the printing form contains two areas, namely the water-repellent area representing the image parts and the water-accepting area representing the non-image parts.

Beim Druckvorgang wird die Druckform mittels eines soge­nannten Feuchtwerks mit Feuchtmittel, wie Wasser/Alkohol-­Gemisch benetzt, wobei das Feuchtmittel in den Nicht-­Bildbereichen an der Druckformoberfläche gebunden wird. Das Feuchtmittel wird somit nur auf den hydrophoben Bildbe­reichen von der anschließend auf die Druckform aufgebrachten Druckfarbe verdrängt bzw. in diese emulgiert. Die auf diese Weise auf die Druckform aufgebrachte Farbe wird schließlich über einen Gummizylinder auf einen Papierbogen abgedruckt.During the printing process, the printing form is wetted by means of a so-called dampening system with dampening solution, such as a water / alcohol mixture, the dampening solution being bound to the surface of the printing form in the non-image areas. The dampening solution is thus only displaced or emulsified into the hydrophobic image areas by the printing ink subsequently applied to the printing form. The color thus applied to the printing form is finally printed on a sheet of paper using a rubber cylinder.

Im allgemeinen wird die Druckform außerhalb der Druck­maschine mit dem jeweiligen Abbild hergestellt, so daß sich Standzeiten und Personalkosten der Maschine für das Aus­wechseln von Druckformen ergeben. Für die Herstellung der Druck­formen können heute elektronisch gespeicherte Daten verwendet werden, die die gesamte und zu druckende Information enthalten.In general, the printing form is produced outside the printing press with the respective image, so that there are downtimes and personnel costs for the machine for the replacement of printing forms. For the production of the printing forms, electronically stored data can be used today, which contain all of the information to be printed.

Aus der EP-A 101266 ist eine Druckmaschine bekannt, mit der derartige elektronisch codiert vorliegende Druck­informationen genutzt werden, um eine direkte Herstellung bzw. Neuherstellung der in der Druckmaschine befindlichen Druckform vorzunehmen. Hierdurch ist ein Auswechseln der Druckform und die damit verbundene Standzeit der Maschine und der Personalaufwand nicht mehr nötig.A printing press is known from EP-A 101266 with which such electronically coded printing information is used in order to carry out a direct production or new production of the printing form located in the printing press. As a result, it is no longer necessary to change the printing form and the associated downtime of the machine and the personnel expenditure.

Die bekannte Druckmaschine zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Druckformzylinder-Oberfläche eine die Druckform bildende hydrophile Oberfläche hat, die mittels in der Druckmaschine vorhandenen Einrichtungen gewaschen, mit einer hydrophoben Schicht beschichtet und anschließend, z. B. von einem Laser­stahl, beaufschlagt werden kann. Die Neugestaltung der Druckform erfordert eine kurze Unterbrechung des Druckprozesses, indem bei Bildwechsel während des Betriebes der Maschine die Wasch-, Beschichtungs- und Lasereinrichtung eingeschaltet werden. Dabei wird die vorhergehende Farbschicht abgewaschen und die hydro­phobe Schicht erneuert, die mit dem Laserstrahl örtlich ent­sprechend dem zu druckenden Bild entfernt wird. Der Laserstrahl wird mit Hilfe der codierten Druckinformationen gesteuert.The known printing press is characterized in that the printing form cylinder surface has a hydrophilic surface forming the printing form, which is washed by means provided in the printing press, coated with a hydrophobic layer and then, for. B. can be acted upon by a laser steel. The redesign of the printing form requires a brief interruption in the printing process by switching on the washing, coating and laser device when the image changes while the machine is in operation. The previous color layer is washed off and the hydrophobic layer is renewed, which is removed locally with the laser beam in accordance with the image to be printed. The laser beam is controlled using the coded print information.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine andere Lösung für eine Druckmaschine der eingangs genannten Art zu finden, mit der in einer einfachen Art und mit fertigungstechnisch einfachen Mitteln die Druckbereich-Umbildung durchführbar ist.The invention has for its object to find another solution for a printing press of the type mentioned, with which the printing area can be converted in a simple manner and with simple manufacturing technology.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmalen gelöst.The object is achieved with the features characterized in claim 1.

Hiermit ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, die Druckvorlage innerhalb der Druckmaschine auf der Druckform zu erzeugen oder zu verändern, ohne die Druckmaschine anhalten und die Druckform austauschen zu müssen. Die Übertragung der codierten Informationen erfolgt vielmehr über eine elek­trische Ansteuerung der Druckform, womit sich gegenüber der bekannten Einrichtung eine wesentliche Platzeinsparung und Verfahrensvereinfachung erzielen läßt. Außerdem werden keine kostspieligen Beschichtungs- und Strahleneinrichtungen benötigt und es findet keine Materialübertragung statt, die vor jeder Bilderneuerung wieder entfernt werden muß.This results in the possibility of creating or changing the printing template within the printing press on the printing form without having to stop the printing press and having to replace the printing form. Rather, the coded information is transmitted via an electrical control of the printing form, which means that a significant saving in space and simplification of the process can be achieved compared to the known device. In addition, no expensive coating and blasting devices are required and there is no material transfer that has to be removed before each image renewal.

Die Druckform kann dabei in Form einer Folie ausgebildet sein, die auf eine Platte oder einen Zylinder aufgespannt wird, wobei entweder die gesamte Folie oder nur die Folienoberfläche aus dem elektrisch ansteuerbaren Material besteht. Es ist aber auch möglich, die Platten- bzw. Zylinderoberfläche als Druckform auszugestalten, d. h., mit dem Material zu beschichten.The printing form can be designed in the form of a film which is clamped onto a plate or a cylinder, wherein either the entire film or only the film surface consists of the electrically controllable material. But it is also possible to design the plate or cylinder surface as a printing form, i. i.e. to coat with the material.

Mit punktuell angelegten elektrischen Strömen oder Feldern von unterschiedlichen Richtungen wird das ansteuerbare Material punktuell in den einen oder den anderen Zustand gebracht. Die Summe der Punkte in dem einen Zustand stellen die Bildbereiche und die der anderen die Nichtbildbereiche dar. Durch Umpolen des elektrischen Signals ist der Zustand des zugehörigen Materialpunktes umkehrbar. Die Ansteuerung kann auch elektrochemisch mit einer geeigneten Elektrolyt­lösung erfolgen.With selectively applied electrical currents or fields from different directions, the controllable material is selectively brought into one or the other state. The sum of the points in one state represents the image areas and that of the other the non-image areas. The state of the associated material point can be reversed by reversing the polarity of the electrical signal. The control can also be carried out electrochemically with a suitable electrolyte solution.

Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist das Material ein elektrisch leitfähiges Polymer.According to one embodiment of the invention, the material is an electrically conductive polymer.

Elektrisch leitfähige Polymere können bekannterweise durch elektrochemische Polymerisation von Aromaten und Heteroaro­maten bzw. ihren Substitutionsprodukten hergestellt werden. Bei der Polymerisation entstehen auf der Anode flexible, elektrisch leitfähige Polymerfilme, die positiv geladene Polymerketten und negative Gegenionen aus der Elektrolyt­lösung enthalten. Das auf der Anode durch elektrochemische Oxidation entstandene Polymer ist aufgrund seines salzartigen Charakters hydrophil. Derartig geladene Polymere lassen sich durch eine einfache elektrochemische Reduktion reversibel in einen ungeladenen Zustand, der hydrophob ist, überführen. Von diesem Zustand kann es durch eine elektrochemische Oxidation wieder in den geladenen Zustand überführt werden.As is known, electrically conductive polymers can be produced by electrochemical polymerization of aromatics and heteroaromatics or their substitution products. During the polymerization, flexible, electrically conductive polymer films are formed on the anode, which contain positively charged polymer chains and negative counterions from the electrolyte solution. The polymer formed on the anode by electrochemical oxidation is hydrophilic due to its salt-like character. Polymers charged in this way can be reversibly converted into an uncharged state which is hydrophobic by a simple electrochemical reduction. From this state, it can be returned to the charged state by electrochemical oxidation.

Durch eine elektrische Ansteuerung, d. h. durch partielle Oxidation bzw. Reduktion können die Eigenschaften dieses Materials wiederholt und beliebig zwischen den beiden Zuständen variiert werden. Durch entsprechende örtliche Ansteuerung läßt sich die zu druckende Information auf das die Druckform bildende Polymer in der Weise übertragen, daß für die Bildteile ungeladene Bereiche und die Nichtbildteile geladene Bereiche erzeugt werden.By electrical control, i.e. H. the properties of this material can be repeated and partially varied between the two states by partial oxidation or reduction. Appropriate local control means that the information to be printed can be transferred to the polymer forming the printing form in such a way that uncharged areas and non-image areas are created for the image parts.

Ein für eine Druckform geeignetes Polymer ist z.B. Polypyrrol, das die folgende Struktur hat:

Figure imgb0001
A suitable polymer for a printing form is, for example, polypyrrole, which has the following structure:
Figure imgb0001

In diesem Zustand ist das Polypyrrol hydrophob. Durch anodische Oxidation in einer Elektrolytlösung geht dieses Polymer in einen salzartigen Zustand über, der unter Anwendung von z. B. NH₄Br als Elektrolyt die nachstehende Struktur für eine Polymerbaueinheit erhält:

Figure imgb0002
In this state the polypyrrole is hydrophobic. By anodic oxidation in an electrolytic solution, this polymer changes into a salt-like state, which, using e.g. B. NH₄Br as the electrolyte has the following structure for a polymer unit:
Figure imgb0002

Durch diese Oxidation wird das Polypyrrol in einen hydrophilen Zustand gebracht.This oxidation brings the polypyrrole into a hydrophilic state.

Als Monomere, die durch oxidative Polymerisation in geeignete Polymere überführt werden können, eignen sich insbesondere Aromaten und Heteroaromaten wie Thiophen, Pyrrol, Furan, Indol, Carbazol, Benzothiophene und ihre Substitutionsprodukte wie 3-Alkyl-, vornehmlich 3-Methyl-, 3-Alkyloxy-, 3,4-Dialkyloxy-, vornehmlich 3-Methoxy-, 3,4-Dimethoxy-, 3-Alkylthio-, besonders 3-Methylthio-, 3,4-Bis(methylthio)-thiophen, -pyrrol, -furan, 2,2ʹ-Bithienyl, 2,2ʹ,5ʹ,2ʺ-Terthienyl, Di-2-thienylsulfid, -methan, 1,2-Di-2-thienylethylen, Anilin, substituierte Aniline, p-Phenylendiamin, Diphenylamin, 4,4ʹ-Diaminodiphenylmethan, -ether, -sulfid.Aromatics and heteroaromatics such as thiophene, pyrrole, furan, indole, carbazole, benzothiophenes and their substitution products such as 3-alkyl-, especially 3-methyl-, 3-alkyloxy are particularly suitable as monomers which can be converted into suitable polymers by oxidative polymerization -, 3,4-dialkyloxy-, mainly 3-methoxy-, 3,4-dimethoxy-, 3-alkylthio-, especially 3-methylthio-, 3,4-bis (methylthio) -thiophene, -pyrrole, -furan, 2,2ʹ-bithienyl, 2,2ʹ , 5ʹ, 2ʺ-terthienyl, di-2-thienyl sulfide, methane, 1,2-di-2-thienylethylene, aniline, substituted anilines, p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, 4,4ʹ-diaminodiphenylmethane, ether, sulfide.

Als Leitsalze werden unter den Bedingungen der elektro­chemischen Reaktion inerte Salze verwendet, insbesondere anorganische Leitsalze wie Ammonium-, Lithium-, Natrium­tetrafluoroborate, -perchlorate, -sulfate, -hydrogensulfate; quartäre Ammoniumsalze wie Tetraalkylammoniumperchlorate, -tetrafluoroborate, -hexafluorophosphate, -hexafluoroanti­monate, -hexafluoroarsenate, -methansulfonate, -toluolsul­fonate, -trifluormethansulfonate, -trifluoracetate; andere Alkylsulfonate und -sulfate wie Laurylsulfat und andere anionische Tenside wie z. B. Alkylcarboxylate. Diese Salze werden in Lösungsmitteln gelöst, die ebenfalls unter den Bedingungen der elektrochemischen Reaktion inert sind wie Acetonitril, 1,2-Dimethoxyethan, Methansulfonsäure, Dichlor­methan, 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidon, Nitrobenzol, Nitroethan, Nitro­methan, Dichlormethan, Propionitril, Propylencarbonat, Tetrahy­drofuran, Benzonitril und Sulfolan.Inert salts are used as conductive salts under the conditions of the electrochemical reaction, in particular inorganic conductive salts such as ammonium, lithium, sodium tetrafluoroborates, -perchlorates, -sulfates, -hydrogen sulfates; quaternary ammonium salts such as tetraalkylammonium perchlorates, tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphates, hexafluoroantimonates, hexafluoroarsenates, methanesulfonates, toluenesulfonates, trifluoromethanesulfonates, trifluoroacetates; other alkyl sulfonates and sulfates such as lauryl sulfate and other anionic surfactants such. B. alkyl carboxylates. These salts are dissolved in solvents which are also inert under the conditions of the electrochemical reaction, such as acetonitrile, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, methanesulfonic acid, dichloromethane, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, nitrobenzene, nitroethane, nitromethane, dichloromethane, propionitrile, propylene carbonate, Tetrahydrofuran, benzonitrile and sulfolane.

Zur Durchführung der Umwandlung werden der Druckform eine Elektrolytlösung und Elektroden zugeordnet, die in die Druckmaschine integriert werden. Die Elektrolytlösung ent­hält vorzugsweise Leitsalze, die unter den Bedingungen der elektrochemischen Reaktion inert sind und eine ausreichende Löslichkeit in dem jeweils verwendeten Lösungsmittel besitzen.To carry out the conversion, the printing form is assigned an electrolyte solution and electrodes, which are integrated into the printing press. The electrolyte solution preferably contains conductive salts which are inert under the conditions of the electrochemical reaction and have sufficient solubility in the solvent used in each case.

Als Lösungsmittel können organische Lösungsmittel, wie Acetonitril, Nitromethan,aber auch Wasser mit Leitsalzen, wie Tetrabutylammonium- und Tetraethylammoniumsalze verwendet werden. Für wässrige Lösungsmittel finden am besten Alkalimetallsalze und Alkylsulfonate Verwendung.Organic solvents such as acetonitrile, nitromethane, but also water with conductive salts such as tetrabutylammonium and tetraethylammonium salts can be used as solvents. Alkali metal salts and alkyl sulfonates are best used for aqueous solvents.

Als erste Elektrode kann die die Druckform bildende oder aufnehmende Oberfläche des Formzylinders benutzt werden, indem diese entsprechend ausgebildet und entweder als homogene oder matrixartige Elektrode ausgestaltet wird. Die Gegenelektrode ist dabei eine in der Druckmaschine als zusätzliches Bauteil vorgesehene Elektrode, die je nach der Ausgestaltung der ersten Elektrode matrixartig oder homogen ausgebildet ist,und zwar so, daß eine Elektrode homogen und die andere matrixartig ist.The surface of the forme cylinder which forms or receives the printing form can be used as the first electrode, in that it is designed accordingly and configured either as a homogeneous or matrix-like electrode. The counterelectrode is an electrode provided as an additional component in the printing press, which, depending on the configuration of the first electrode, is designed in a matrix-like or homogeneous manner, in such a way that one electrode is homogeneous and the other is matrix-like.

Bei der Verwendung einer matrixartigen ersten Elektrode kann die Gegenelektrode als Metallwalze mit leicht ange­rauhter Oberfläche ausgebildet eine, die in einer Wanne mit Elektrolytlösung drehbar gelagert ist und zur Förderung der Elektrolytlösung dient. Diese Funktion kann ebenfalls mit einer Gegenelektrode erfüllt werden, die eine siebartige Mantelfläche hat, die aber gleichzeitig eine die Druckform reinigende Wirkung haben kann, wenn die Gegenelektrode dabei so ausgeführt ist, daß durch die siebartige Mantelfläche Elektrolytlösung unter ausreichendem Druck in die Kontakt­zone zwischen Druckform und Gegenelektrode gepreßt werden kann. Diese Ausführung hat den Vorteil, daß während eines Umschreibvorganges die Druckform gleichzeitig von der Farbe des vorhergehenden Druckvorganges befreit wird.When using a matrix-like first electrode, the counterelectrode can be designed as a metal roller with a slightly roughened surface, which is rotatably mounted in a tub with electrolyte solution and serves to convey the electrolyte solution. This function can also be performed with a counter electrode, which has a sieve-like outer surface, but which can also have a cleaning effect on the printing plate if the counter electrode is designed so that the sieve-like outer surface provides electrolyte solution under sufficient pressure in the contact zone between the printing plate and Counter electrode can be pressed. This embodiment has the advantage that the printing form is simultaneously freed from the color of the previous printing process during a rewriting process.

Bei der Verwendung einer homogenen ersten Elektrode ist es möglich, eine oder mehrere Gegenelektroden vorzusehen. Bei der Verwendung von mehreren Gegenelektroden ist eine Ver­ringerung der Rasterdichte auf der Gegenelektrode möglich.When using a homogeneous first electrode, it is possible to provide one or more counter electrodes. If multiple counter electrodes are used, a reduction in the grid density on the counter electrode is possible.

Mehrere Gegenelektroden können in der Form von Elektroden­streifen ausgeführt werden, die jeweils eine Breite von einem einfachen oder mehrfachen Rasterabstand haben. Auch ein einziger Elektrodenstreifen ist denkbar, der für jede neue Zeile neu angesteuert wird.Several counter electrodes can be designed in the form of electrode strips, each with a width of one or more grid spacings. A single electrode strip is also conceivable, which is controlled anew for each new line.

Die für die Ansteuerung des Umschreibvorganges erforder­lichen Mikroprozessoren können vorzugsweise an die Rück­seite der Matrixelektrode angebracht werden.The microprocessors required to control the rewriting process can preferably be attached to the rear of the matrix electrode.

Die Erfindung erstreckt sich auf ein Verfahren zur Her­stellung einer Druckform, das durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 13 bis 18 gekennzeichnet ist.The invention extends to a method for producing a printing form, which is characterized by the features of claims 13 to 18.

Die Erfindung wird anhand von in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 die Druckwalzen einer Druckmaschine im Querschnitt,
  • Fig. 2 eine Steuereinheit im Blockschaltbild,
  • Fig. 3 ein Detail aus Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel.
The invention is explained in more detail with reference to exemplary embodiments schematically shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 shows the printing rollers of a printing machine in cross section,
  • 2 shows a control unit in a block diagram,
  • 3 shows a detail from FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment.

In Fig. 1 sind die Bildübertragungszylinder einer Druck­maschine dargestellt, die nach dem Flachdruck- bzw. Offset­druck-Verfahren arbeiten. Das zu bedruckende Papier (10) wird zwischen einem Druckzylinder (11) und einem Gummi­zylinder (12) geführt und nimmt dabei die auf den Gummi­zylinder (12) aufgebrachte Druckfarbe auf. Die entsprechend einem Schriftbild oder einem graphischen Bild verteilte Farbe wird von einer Druckform (13), die auf einem ebenfalls drehbaren Formzylinder (14) aufgespannt ist, auf den Gummi­zylinder (12) übertragen. Das zu druckende Bild ist auf der Druckform (13) durch Bereiche abgebildet, die wasserabweisend, d. h. hydrophob sind. Im Druckvorgang durchläuft die Druck­form (13) ein Feuchtwerk (15). Die hydrophoben Bereiche werden dabei vom Feuchtmittel auf der Oberfläche nicht benetzt, während an den hydrophilen Bereichen das Feuchtmittel gebunden wird. Die angefeuchtete Oberfläche durchläuft anschließend ein Farb­werk (16) womit die Druckfarbe aufgetragen wird. Die hydrophilen Bereiche nehmen dabei keine Druckfarbe an. Dagegen wird an den die Bildteile darstellenden hydrophoben Bereichen die Farbe angenommen.In Fig. 1, the image transfer cylinders of a printing press are shown, which work according to the flat printing or offset printing method. The paper (10) to be printed is guided between a printing cylinder (11) and a rubber cylinder (12) and takes up the printing ink applied to the rubber cylinder (12). The color distributed according to a typeface or a graphic image is transferred from a printing form (13), which is clamped on a likewise rotatable form cylinder (14), to the rubber cylinder (12). The image to be printed is imaged on the printing form (13) by areas which are water-repellent, i.e. H. are hydrophobic. During the printing process, the printing form (13) passes through a dampening unit (15). The hydrophobic areas are not wetted by the dampening solution on the surface, while the dampening solution is bound to the hydrophilic areas. The moistened surface then passes through an inking unit (16) with which the printing ink is applied. The hydrophilic areas do not accept any printing ink. In contrast, the color is assumed at the hydrophobic areas representing the image parts.

Die Druckform (13) kann aus jedem Material hergestellt werden, das sowohl einen wasseraufnehmenden als auch einen wasserabweisenden Zustand annehmen kann, wobei eine Zustands­änderung in eine oder die andere Richtung über elektrische bzw. elektrochemische Impulse herbeiführbar ist. Beispiele für derartige Materialien sind elektrisch leitfähige Polymere, die durch elektrochemische Polymerisation herge­stellt werden können.The printing form (13) can be produced from any material which can assume both a water-absorbing and a water-repellent state, a change in state in one or the other direction being able to be brought about by means of electrical or electrochemical pulses. Examples of such materials are electrically conductive polymers that can be produced by electrochemical polymerization.

Ein elektrisch leitfähiges Polymer kann beispielsweise wie folgt hergestellt werden:An electrically conductive polymer can be produced, for example, as follows:

In einem Lösungsmittel werden 0,05 bis 0,1 mol/l Monomer und 0,1 bis 1 mol/l eines Leitsalzes, beispielsweise ein Alkalimetallsalz gelöst. Durch Anwendung einer Stromdichte von 0,1 bis 1 mA/cm² scheidet sich auf der Anode ein Polymer ab.0.05 to 0.1 mol / l of monomer and 0.1 to 1 mol / l of a conducting salt, for example an alkali metal salt, are dissolved in a solvent. A polymer is deposited on the anode by using a current density of 0.1 to 1 mA / cm².

Als Lösungsmittel können mittelpolare organische Lösungs­mittel wie Acetonitril, Nitromethan oder Dichlormethan verwendet werden, die für wenig polare Monomere, wie z. B. Thiophen und seine Derivate und Tetrabutylammonium- oder Tetraethylammoniumsalze als Monomer bzw. Leitsalz geeignet sind. Andere Lösungsmittel sind Wasser oder Mischungen Wasser/organische Lösungsmittel, für die sich polare Monomere, wie Pyrrol, Anilin und ihre Derivate und Salze, wie Alkalimetallsalze oder Alkylsulfonate eignen. Als Leitsalze kommen grundsätzlich alle Salze in Frage, die unter den jeweils angewendeten Bedingungen der elektrochemischen Reaktion inert sind und die eine ausreichende Löslichkeit in dem jeweils verwendeten Lösungsmittel besitzen. Ferner sollten bei der elektrochemischen Polymerisation das Leitsalz und Monomer in ausreichender Menge gelöst vorliegen, während das entstehende Polymer in dem verwendeten Lösungs­mittel unlöslich sein sollte.Medium-polar organic solvents such as acetonitrile, nitromethane or dichloromethane can be used as solvents, which are suitable for less polar monomers, such as. B. thiophene and its derivatives and tetrabutylammonium or tetraethylammonium salts are suitable as a monomer or conductive salt. Other solvents are water or water / organic solvent mixtures, for which polar monomers such as pyrrole, aniline and their derivatives and salts such as alkali metal salts or alkyl sulfonates are suitable. In principle, all salts which are inert under the conditions of the electrochemical reaction used and which have sufficient solubility in the solvent used in each case are suitable as conductive salts. In addition, in the case of electrochemical polymerization, the conductive salt and monomer should be present in a sufficient amount in solution, while the resulting polymer should be insoluble in the solvent used.

Die Druckform (13) ist gemäß Fig. 1 als eine bis etwa 10 µm dicke Schicht ausgebildet, die auf den Formzylinder (14) aufgebracht ist. Vorzugsweise wird die Schicht (13) durch elektrochemische Polymerisation direkt auf den als Anode ausgebildeten Form­zylinder (14) abgeschieden. Die Schicht kann auch auf eine Trägerfolie (z. B. aus Aluminium) aufgebracht und mit dieser Folie auf den Formzylinder aufgespannt werden.The printing form (13) is formed according to FIG. 1 as a layer up to about 10 μm thick, which is applied to the form cylinder (14). The layer (13) is preferably deposited by electrochemical polymerization directly onto the forme cylinder (14) designed as an anode. The layer can also be applied to a carrier film (eg made of aluminum) and stretched onto the forme cylinder with this film.

In der Druckmaschine ist ferner eine Waschanlage (17) und eine Elektrolytanlage (18) vorgesehen. Nach Beendigung der Druckfolge einer Bildvorlage wird, ohne die Druckmaschine abzuschalten, die Waschanlage (17) und die Elektrolyt­anlage (18) eingeschaltet. Dabei durchläuft die Druck­form (13) nach der Druckfarbenabgabe an den Gummi­zylinder (12) die Waschanlage (17), mit der die Farbreste von der Druckform abgewaschen werden, um anschließend vom elektrischen Feld der Elektrolytanlage (18) beaufschlagt zu werden. Hier erfolgt die Umsteuerung der Druckform (13) zur Erzeugung eines neuen Bildes, wie im folgenden beschrie­ben wird.A washing system (17) and an electrolyte system (18) are also provided in the printing press. After the printing sequence of an original has ended, the washing system (17) and the electrolyte system (18) are switched on without switching off the printing machine. After the printing ink has been delivered to the rubber cylinder (12), the printing form (13) passes through the washing system (17), with which the ink residues are washed off the printing form, in order then to be acted upon by the electric field of the electrolyte system (18). This is where the printing form (13) is reversed to produce a new image, as will be described below.

In Fig. 2 ist eine prinzipielle Anordnung für die Umsteuerung dargestellt. Die Druckform (13) steht in Kontakt mit einer Elektrolytlösung (20) und befindet sich mit dieser zwischen einer ersten Elektrode (21), die vom Formzylinder (14) gebildet wird und einer Gegenelek­trode (22), die gemäß Fig. 1 als Elektrodenwalze ausgebildet ist. Die Elektrolytlösung (20) besteht aus einem in aus­reichender Menge in einem Lösungsmittel gelösten Leitsalz. Als Leitsalze und Lösungsmittel können die bei der Her­stellung des Polymers eingesetzten Substanzen verwendet werden. Vorzugsweise wird für die Umsteuerung in der Maschine Wasser als Lösungsmittel des Leitsalzes eingesetzt.2 shows a basic arrangement for the reversal. The printing form (13) is in contact with an electrolyte solution (20) and is located with it between a first electrode (21), which is formed by the forme cylinder (14), and a counter electrode (22), which is designed as an electrode roller according to FIG. 1 is. The electrolyte solution (20) consists of a conductive salt dissolved in a sufficient amount in a solvent. The substances used in the production of the polymer can be used as conductive salts and solvents. Water is preferably used as the solvent of the conductive salt for the reversal in the machine.

Zur Einleitung des Elektrolytprozesses ist eine Informa­tionsübertragungseinheit (24) vorgesehen, die aus einem in der Redaktion befindlichen Informationsaufteilungs­system (25) und einer an bzw. in der Druckmaschine be­findlichen Steuereinheit (26) besteht. In der Redaktion werden die gesamten für einen Druck vorgesehenen Informatio­nen über sogenannte Ganzseitenumbruch-Systeme bzw. Ganzseitenmontage-Systeme für Zeitungs- und Illustrations­druck elektronisch eingespeichert oder auf dem Weg über Faksimile-Übertragungssysteme elektronisch codiert. Diese Informationen werden über Interface an einen Maschinencompu­ter weitergegeben, der die Informationen in Steuer­signale (27) umarbeitet, mit denen über Mikroprozessoren (28) die Elektroden (21, 22) mit Spannungs- bzw. Stromimpulsen (23) beaufschlagt werden.To initiate the electrolyte process, an information transmission unit (24) is provided, which consists of an information distribution system (25) located in the editorial office and a control unit (26) located on or in the printing press. In the editorial office the entire information intended for printing is electronically stored via so-called full-page wrap systems or full-page assembly systems for newspaper and illustration printing or electronically encoded on the way via facsimile transmission systems. This information is passed on via interface to a machine computer, which processes the information into control signals (27) with which voltage or current pulses (23) are applied to the electrodes (21, 22) via microprocessors (28).

Je nach der Spannungsrichtung wird das die Druckform (13) bildende Polymer reversibel geladen oder entladen, d. h., eine Umladung bzw. Umschreibung der Druckform (13) erfolgt durch Spannungsumkehr.Depending on the direction of tension, the polymer forming the printing form (13) is reversibly charged or discharged, i. that is, a transfer or rewriting of the printing form (13) takes place by reversing the voltage.

Um die Bildbereiche an der Druckform (13) herstellen zu können, wird das Bild, wie in der Drucktechnik üblich, in Rasterpunkte zerlegt. Im Zeitungsdruck ist beispielsweise ein Raster 30/cm üblich, im qualitativ hochwertigen Illustrationsdruck ein Raster von 120/cm. Jeder dieser Rasterpunkte muß getrennt ansteuerbar sein, um die Druck­bereiche durch Umsteuerung entsprechend dem Bild herzu­stellen. Hierzu ist die an der Oberfläche des Formzylin­ders (14) befindliche Elektrode (21) als Elektrodenmatrix ausgebildet, wobei jedes Elektrodenelement jeweils einem Rasterpunkt zugeordnet ist.In order to be able to produce the image areas on the printing form (13), the image is broken down into halftone dots, as is customary in printing technology. For example, a grid of 30 / cm is common in newspaper printing, and a grid of 120 / cm in high-quality illustration printing. Each of these halftone dots must be separately controllable in order to produce the print areas by reversing them according to the image. For this purpose, the electrode (21) located on the surface of the forme cylinder (14) is designed as an electrode matrix, each electrode element being assigned to a grid point.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Draufsicht der stark vergrößerten Elektro­denmatrix (21). Zur Ansteuerung der einzelnen Elektroden­elemente (30) sind eine Vielzahl von Mikroprozessoren (28) vorgesehen, wobei einem Mikroprozessor (28) eine bestimmte Zahl von Elektrodenelementen (30) zugeordnet werden. Die Mikroprozessoren sind in dem Formzylinder (14) an der Rück­seite der Elektrode (21) angeordnet, wie es in Fig. 1 im Querschnitt und in Fig. 3 mit stärkeren Linien dargestellt ist. Dabei könnte beispielsweise eine 1 cm²-Rasterfläche jeweils von einem Mikroprozessor (28) angesteuert werden.3 shows a top view of the greatly enlarged electrode matrix (21). A large number of microprocessors (28) are provided for controlling the individual electrode elements (30), a certain number of electrode elements (30) being assigned to a microprocessor (28). The microprocessors are arranged in the forme cylinder (14) on the back of the electrode (21), as shown in cross section in FIG. 1 and with thicker lines in FIG. 3. For example, a 1 cm² grid area could be controlled by a microprocessor (28).

Zur Herstellung eines Druckmusters (31) auf der Druck­form (13) werden die Elektrodenelemente (30) (Fig. 3) mit der Steuereinrichtung angesteuert oder nicht angesteuert, je nachdem,ob der betreffende Punkt bereits den für das neue Bild erwünschten Zustand hat oder nicht. Die Elektroden­elemente (30) können der Reihe nach oder zeilenweise gleich­zeitig angesteuert werden.To produce a print pattern (31) on the printing form (13), the electrode elements (30) (Fig. 3) are controlled or not controlled with the control device, depending on whether the point in question already has the state desired for the new image or not . The electrode elements (30) can be activated in sequence or line by line at the same time.

Gemäß Fig. 1 erfolgt die Förderung der in einem Behälter befindlichen Elektrolytlösung (20) durch die Gegenelektroden­walze (22), die als homogene Elektrode mit rauher Oberfläche ausgebildet ist. Die Elektrolytlösung kann auch mit einer separaten Zuführungseinrichtung in die Umsteuerzone einge­bracht werden.1, the electrolyte solution (20) in a container is conveyed by the counter-electrode roller (22), which is designed as a homogeneous electrode with a rough surface. The electrolyte solution can also be introduced into the reversing zone with a separate feed device.

Für einen Umsteuerungsvorgang, bei der die Eletrolytanlage (18) in Betrieb genommen wird, wird die Gegenelektroden­walze (22) gedreht, womit sie über die rauhe Oberfläche einen Elektrolytfilm (40) mitreißt und in den Spalt (29) zwischen Druckform (13) und Gegenelektrode (22) befördert.For a reversing process in which the electrolytic system (18) is put into operation, the counter-electrode roller (22) is rotated, which entrains an electrolyte film (40) over the rough surface and into the gap (29) between the printing form (13) and counter-electrode (22) promoted.

Eine weitere Variante ist die Ausbildung einer Elektrode mit einer siebartigen Mantelfläche, durch die während des Umschreibvorganges Elektrolytlösung unter ausreichendem Druck in die Kontaktzone (29) gepreßt und dabei die Farbe aus dem Spalt herausgehalten wird. Hierdurch ist es möglich, einen getrennten Reinigungsvorgang mit einer gesonderten Waschanlage (17) einzusparen.Another variant is the formation of an electrode with a sieve-like outer surface, through which electrolyte solution is pressed into the contact zone (29) under sufficient pressure during the rewriting process and the color is thereby kept out of the gap. This makes it possible to save a separate cleaning process with a separate washing system (17).

Die Anordung und Ausgestaltung der homogenen bzw. matrix­artigen Elektroden kann beliebig ausgeführt werden. So kann selbstverständlich die Elektrode an dem Formzylinder (14) homogen und die Gegenelektrode (22) matrixartig ausgeführt sein. Bei einer Matrixelektrode als Gegenelektrode kann diese auch mehrteilig ausgeführt werden. Bei der Verwendung von mehreren Gegenelektroden ist eine Verringerung der Rasterdichte möglich. Es ist vorstellbar, die Matrixelek­trode aus Elektrodenstreifen im einfachen oder mehrfachen Rasterabstand herzustellen oder nur eine Elektrodenzeile zu verwenden, mit der zeilenweise die gesamte Druckform behandelt wird, indem die Druckform (13) die Umformzone durchläuft.The arrangement and configuration of the homogeneous or matrix-like electrodes can be carried out as desired. Of course, the electrode on the forme cylinder (14) can be homogeneous and the counterelectrode (22) can be designed in a matrix. With a matrix electrode as the counter electrode, it can also be made in several parts. If several counter electrodes are used, the grid density can be reduced. It is conceivable to produce the matrix electrode from electrode strips in single or multiple grid spacing or to use only one electrode row with which the entire printing form is treated line by line by the printing form (13) passing through the forming zone.

Eine weitere Art, die Matrixelektrode herzustellen, ist die Verwendung einer homogenen Elektrode, beispielsweise einer Metallwalze, die mit einem Fotoleiter beschichtet ist. In Fig. 5 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel hierzu gezeigt, bei dem der die Druckform (50) aufnehmende Formzylinder (51) als homogene Elektrode ausgebildet ist, während die Gegenelek­trode (52) die Funktion der Matrixelektrode übernimmt.Another way of producing the matrix electrode is to use a homogeneous electrode, for example a metal roller, which is coated with a photoconductor. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the forme cylinder (51) receiving the printing form (50) is designed as a homogeneous electrode, while the counter electrode (52) takes over the function of the matrix electrode.

Die Gegenelektrode besteht aus einem homogenen Elektroden­mantel, beispielsweise aus Metall, der mit einem Foto­leiter (53) beschichtet ist. Der Fotoleiter wird an einer Mantellinie der Gegenelektrode (52) bildmäßig mittels einer Strahlenquelle (54) belichtet. Der Fotoleiter (53) wird an den belichteten Stellen (55) leitend, so daß bei Eintritt der leitenden Stelle (55) in die Kontaktzone (56) zum Formzylinder (51) der erforderliche Strom zwischen der Formzylinderelektrode (51) und der Gegenelektrode (52) zum Umsteuern der Druckform (50) fließen kann. Die zu über­tragende Information wird hierbei über die Lichtquelle (54) eingesteuert und auf den Fotoleiter (53) kurzzeitig einge­speichert.The counter electrode consists of a homogeneous electrode jacket, for example made of metal, which is coated with a photoconductor (53). The photoconductor is exposed imagewise on a surface line of the counterelectrode (52) by means of a radiation source (54). The photoconductor (53) becomes conductive at the exposed points (55), so that when the conductive point (55) enters the contact zone (56) to the forme cylinder (51), the required current between the forme cylinder electrode (51) and the counter electrode (52 ) can flow to reverse the printing form (50). The information to be transmitted is controlled via the light source (54) and briefly stored on the photoconductor (53).

Der Fotoleiter hat vorzugsweise die Eigenschaft, die durch die Belichtung eingebrachte Leitfähigkeit nur kurzzeitig aufrecht zu erhalten. Dabei soll die Leitfähigkeit bis zur Kontaktzone (56) beibehalten werden. Nachdem die gerade zu übertragende Zeile die Kontaktzone (56) wieder verlassen hat, müssen die leitfähigen Stellen (55) wieder nicht leitend werden, um eine erneute Beschreibung für die nächste Umdrehung der Gegenelektrode (52) zu ermöglichen. Als Foto­leiter (53) können insbesondere organische Fotoleiter ver­wendet werden.The photoconductor preferably has the property of only briefly maintaining the conductivity introduced by the exposure. The conductivity should be maintained up to the contact zone (56). After the line to be transferred has left the contact zone (56) again, the conductive points (55) do not have to become conductive again in order to allow a new description for the next rotation of the counter electrode (52). Organic photoconductors can in particular be used as the photoconductor (53).

Die gewünschten Auf- und Zuschalterfordernisse des Foto­leiters (53) können durch Auf- oder Einbringen nachleuch­tender Stoffe derart beeinflußt werden, daß der leitfähige Zustand zeitlich verlängert wird. Es ist auch eine ther­mische Behandlung vorstellbar, mit der die belichteten Stellen (57) nach dem Durchfahren der Kontaktstelle (56) beschleunigt nichtleitend gemacht werden. Im übrigen wird man den Durchmesser einer trommelartigen Gegenelektrode (52) sowie die Anordnung der Strahlenquelle (54) entsprechend der Auf- und Zuschaltcharakteristik des gewählten Fotoleiters bestimmen.The desired opening and closing requirements of the photoconductor (53) can be influenced by applying or introducing afterglow substances in such a way that the conductive state is extended over time. A thermal treatment is also conceivable with which the exposed areas (57) after passing through the contact area (56) accelerated to be made non-conductive. Otherwise, the diameter of a drum-like counterelectrode (52) and the arrangement of the radiation source (54) will be determined in accordance with the switch-on and switch-on characteristics of the selected photoconductor.

Claims (21)

1. Druckmaschine, die im Flachdruckverfahren arbeitet und mit einer Druckform ausgestattet ist, die hydrophobe und hydrophile Bereiche entsprechend einem zu druckenden Bild aufweist, wobei Mittel vorgesehen sind, mit denen diese Bereiche der Druckform für einen Bild­wechsel örtlich und ohne die Druckform aus der Druck­maschine entfernen zu müssen, umsteuerbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckform (13, 50) ein Material enthält, das durch elektrische Steuerungen von einem hydrophoben Zustand in einen hydrophilen Zustand und umgekehrt überführbar ist,und daß der Druckmaschine eine Steuereinrichtung zugeordnet ist, mit der die elektrischen Steuersignale zur örtlichen Beeinflussung der Druckform erzeugbar sind.1. Printing machine which works in the planographic printing process and is equipped with a printing form which has hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas corresponding to an image to be printed, means being provided with which these areas of the printing form for changing the image are removed locally and without the printing form from the printing press to be reversible, characterized in that the printing form (13, 50) contains a material which can be converted from a hydrophobic state into a hydrophilic state and vice versa by electrical controls, and in that the printing press is assigned a control device with which the electrical control signals for local influencing of the printing form can be generated. 2. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine elektrochemische Ansteuerung (20 bis 23) vorgesehen ist.2. Printing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that an electrochemical control (20 to 23) is provided. 3. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das umsteuerbare Material (13) ein elektrisch leitfähiges Polymer ist.3. Printing machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reversible material (13) is an electrically conductive polymer. 4. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material ein durch oxidative Polymerisation von Aromaten oder Heteroaromaten hergestelltes Polymer ist.4. Printing machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the material is a polymer produced by oxidative polymerization of aromatics or heteroaromatics. 5. Druckmaschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druckform (13) Elektroden (21, 22) zugeordnet sind, die zur Beein­flussung der Druckform auf elektrochemischem Wege von den Steuersignalen (23) örtlich ansteuerbar sind.5. Printing machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the printing form (13) electrodes (21, 22) are assigned, which can be controlled locally by the control signals (23) to influence the printing form by electrochemical means. 6. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elektrolytlösung (20) für den elektrochemischen Prozeß Leitsalze enthält, die unter den Bedingungen der elektrochemischen Reaktion inert sind.6. Printing machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the electrolyte solution (20) for the electrochemical process contains conductive salts which are inert under the conditions of the electrochemical reaction. 7. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Druckplatte bzw. die Oberfläche des die Druck­form (13) aufnehmenden Formzylinders (14) als Elektrode (21) ausgebildet ist, und daß eine in der Elektrolyt­lösung (20) angeordnete und gegenüber dem Form­zylinder (14) verschiebbar angebrachte Gegenelek­trode (22) vorgesehen ist.7. Printing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the printing plate or the surface of the printing form (13) receiving forme cylinder (14) is designed as an electrode (21), and that one in the electrolytic solution (20) arranged and opposite the forme cylinder (14) slidably attached counter electrode (22) is provided. 8. Druckmaschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine der Elektroden (21) rasterartig ansteuerbar ausgebildet ist.8. Printing machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the electrodes (21) is designed to be controlled in a grid-like manner. 9. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die rasterartig ansteuerbare Elektrode aus einer Elektrodenreihe besteht, die für jede Zeile neu an­steuerbar ist.9. Printing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the grid-like controllable electrode consists of an electrode row which can be controlled anew for each line. 10. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Oberfläche der Druckplatte bzw. des Form­zylinders (14) oder die Gegenelektrode (22) als Elek­trodenmatrix ausgebildet ist.10. Printing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the surface of the printing plate or the forme cylinder (14) or the counter electrode (22) is designed as an electrode matrix. 11. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gegenelektrode (22) als rotierbarer Zylinder ausgebildet ist, der die Elektrolytlösung an die Druck­form (13) fördert.11. Printing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the counter electrode (22) is designed as a rotatable cylinder which conveys the electrolyte solution to the printing form (13). 12. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Mittel vorgesehen sind, mit denen die Elektrolyt­lösung in die Umsteuerzone preßbar ist.12. Printing machine according to claim 5, characterized in that means are provided with which the electrolyte solution can be pressed into the reversing zone. 13. Druckmaschine nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gegenelektrode (52) mit einem Fotoleiter (53) beschichtet ist, und daß eine zur punktuellen Belichtung des Fotoleiters dienende Strahlenquelle (54) der Gegenelektrode zuge­ordnet ist.13. Printing machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the counterelectrode (52) is coated with a photoconductor (53), and in that a radiation source (54) serving for selective exposure of the photoconductor is assigned to the counterelectrode. 14. Druckmaschine nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Rückseite der Matrixelektrode (21) Mikro­prozessoren (28) zur Ansteuerung der Matrixelektroden­elemente (30) angeordnet sind.14. Printing machine according to claim 8, characterized in that on the back of the matrix electrode (21) microprocessors (28) for controlling the matrix electrode elements (30) are arranged. 15. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Druckform, die mit elektrischer oder elektrochemischer Ansteuerung von einm hydrophoben in einen hydrophilen Zustand und umgekehrt überführbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein zumindest die Druckformoberfläche bildendes Polymer durch elektrochemische Reaktion eines Monomers in einer Elektrolytlösung, das außer dem Monomer ein Leitsalz enthält, erzeugt wird.15. A process for the production of a printing form which can be converted from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic state and vice versa with electrical or electrochemical control, characterized in that an at least the printing form surface-forming polymer by electrochemical reaction of a monomer in an electrolyte solution which, in addition to the monomer Contains conductive salt, is generated. 16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Monomer Aromaten oder Heteroaromaten wie Thiophen, Pyrrol, Furan, Indol, Carbazol, Benzothio­phene oder ihre Substitutionsprodukte verwendet werden, die in Lösungsmitteln gelöst werden, die unter den Bedingungen der elektrochemischen Reaktion inert sind.16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that aromatics or heteroaromatics such as thiophene, pyrrole, furan, indole, carbazole, benzothiophenes or their substitution products are used as the monomer, which are dissolved in solvents which are inert under the conditions of the electrochemical reaction. 17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Lösungsmittel Acetonitril, Nitrobenzol, Dichlormethan, Sulfolan der dergleichen verwendet werden.17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that acetonitrile, nitrobenzene, dichloromethane, sulfolane or the like are used as solvents. 18. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Leitsalz anorganische Leit­salze, quartäre Ammoniumsalze, Alkylsulfonate oder anionische Tenside verwendet werden, die unter den Bedingungen der elektrochemischen Reaktion inert sind.18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that inorganic conductive salts, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl sulfonates or anionic surfactants are used as the conductive salt, which are inert under the conditions of the electrochemical reaction. 19. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Elektroden verwendet werden, die unter den Reaktionsbedingungen inert sind.19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that electrodes are used which are inert under the reaction conditions. 20. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Elektroden verwendet werden, die zumindest oberflächig aus Metalloxid bestehen.20. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that electrodes are used which consist at least on the surface of metal oxide. 21. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 15 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Elektroden aus Kohlenstoff, insbe­sondere Faserkohlenstoff, verwendet werden.21. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that electrodes made of carbon, in particular carbon fiber, are used.
EP87118998A 1987-02-20 1987-12-22 Printing machine Expired - Lifetime EP0279066B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE19873705439 DE3705439A1 (en) 1987-02-20 1987-02-20 PRINTING MACHINE
DE3705439 1987-02-20

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EP0279066A2 true EP0279066A2 (en) 1988-08-24
EP0279066A3 EP0279066A3 (en) 1990-02-28
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EP0352612A1 (en) * 1988-07-29 1990-01-31 M.A.N.-ROLAND Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of a printing plate
EP0367048A2 (en) * 1988-10-29 1990-05-09 M.A.N.-ROLAND Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Printing form with parts that can be repeatedly activated and removed
DE19748295A1 (en) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-06 Max Planck Gesellschaft Element with extremely water-repellent drying zones on the surface
EP2236289A3 (en) * 2009-04-01 2013-06-05 Xerox Corporation Imaging member

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US5129321A (en) * 1991-07-08 1992-07-14 Rockwell International Corporation Direct-to-press imaging system for use in lithographic printing
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US6890363B1 (en) 1999-05-24 2005-05-10 Showa Denko K.K. Solid electrolytic capacitor and method for producing the same
US6610458B2 (en) 2001-07-23 2003-08-26 Kodak Polychrome Graphics Llc Method and system for direct-to-press imaging
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EP0352612A1 (en) * 1988-07-29 1990-01-31 M.A.N.-ROLAND Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Process for the production of a printing plate
EP0367048A2 (en) * 1988-10-29 1990-05-09 M.A.N.-ROLAND Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Printing form with parts that can be repeatedly activated and removed
EP0367048A3 (en) * 1988-10-29 1992-04-15 M.A.N.-ROLAND Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Printing form with parts that can be repeatedly activated and removed
DE19748295A1 (en) * 1997-10-31 1999-05-06 Max Planck Gesellschaft Element with extremely water-repellent drying zones on the surface
EP2236289A3 (en) * 2009-04-01 2013-06-05 Xerox Corporation Imaging member

Also Published As

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EP0279066A3 (en) 1990-02-28
DE3705439A1 (en) 1988-09-01
EP0279066B1 (en) 1992-12-09
DE3783027D1 (en) 1993-01-21
JPS63239057A (en) 1988-10-05
DD279848A5 (en) 1990-06-20
US4872962A (en) 1989-10-10

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