EP0262475B1 - Printing machine - Google Patents
Printing machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0262475B1 EP0262475B1 EP87113140A EP87113140A EP0262475B1 EP 0262475 B1 EP0262475 B1 EP 0262475B1 EP 87113140 A EP87113140 A EP 87113140A EP 87113140 A EP87113140 A EP 87113140A EP 0262475 B1 EP0262475 B1 EP 0262475B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- printing
- machine according
- printing machine
- ferroelectric
- printing forme
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
- B41C1/00—Forme preparation
- B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
- B41C1/1058—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by providing a magnetic pattern, a ferroelectric pattern or a semiconductive pattern, e.g. by electrophotography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
- B41N1/006—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor made entirely of inorganic materials other than natural stone or metals, e.g. ceramics, carbide materials, ferroelectric materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a printing press which is equipped with a printing form on which an image to be printed can be represented by corresponding phydrophobic and hydrophilic areas and means are provided with which the hydrophobic or hydrophilic areas can be reconfigured.
- printing forms are used which are distinguished by the fact that the surface properties of the printing form material differ between printing and non-printing areas.
- water-accepting (hydrophilic) and water-repellent (hydrophobic) areas are created, which after moistening and coloring with oleophilic printing ink are transferred to the print material using a rubber blanket.
- the printing forms are formed as thin plates which are produced outside the printing press in several photolithographic process steps. They have to be inserted, adjusted and retracted into the press before printing. This results in downtimes and waste during the run-in process. Changes to the pattern to be printed on the printed matter can only be achieved by changing the printing form.
- a printing form has become known (EP 101266) which consists of a hydrophilic layer and a hydrophobic layer which can be applied in the printing press.
- a controlled with the help of coded print information Laser beam removes the areas of the hydrophobic layer corresponding to the image to be printed.
- the hydrophobic layer is newly formed with every image change within the printing press.
- the invention has for its object to find a method for producing a printing form, in which the wetting properties of the printing form can be selectively switched in a simple, quick and as often as possible repeatable manner, these properties should not change during a repeated printing process.
- Ferroelectric materials have the property that, owing to their structural molecular structure, they have a permanent, electrical dipole moment which is aligned in the field direction in an external field. Macroscopically, this property shows up as electrical Polarization, which can only be changed in its direction by applying a correspondingly large opposing field.
- Curie point the point of maximum temperature for the ferroelectrics, at which the ferroelectric properties disappear due to thermal movement and an element that is non-polar to the outside is formed.
- hydrophilization or rehydrophilization of a printing form with ferroelectric properties is therefore carried out by means of a polarizing or depolarizing mechanism, which is reversible and can be carried out unlimited times within the printing press.
- Another advantage of the invention is that the wetting effect is not based on monomolecular surface properties, but on far-reaching electrostatic attractive forces. Thin, dielectric contamination or paint layers therefore do not pose any difficulties in the reversal process, since the electrical field strength is only insignificantly influenced thereby.
- the printing form can consist of a thin film or a layer on a printing form support, which is vapor-deposited or applied to the printing form by other known methods.
- a ferroelectric material which is designed as a film or layer is suitable as the material.
- a composite material mixed with ferroelectric microcrystals can be used.
- a printing form is also suitable which contains a ferroelectric layer to which a thin layer of hydrophobic material is applied.
- a pair of electrodes and a heat source are provided for the transformation of the polarization areas of the printing form, which can be controlled by means of an information transmission unit.
- the information transmission unit includes known systems, such as full-page electrical, full-page assembly systems, facsimile transmission systems, computer control, microprocessors, which output signals for controlling the heat source and the electrode pairs in accordance with the image information.
- the pair of electrodes can be designed in a variety of ways. Simple designs consist in the fact that a line electrode or one or more point electrodes cooperate with the printing form carrier designed as a counter electrode. With such pairs of electrodes, the printing form is polarized line by line or point by point. Depending on the type of polarization process, the associated heat source is used, which is used for depolarization. IR lasers, lasers, concentrated light sources, heated pens and the like can be used as heat sources. A selective heat source is used in conjunction with a linear electrode, ie previous printing patterns are deleted with the electrode. With the selective heat source, a new print pattern is introduced. However, the opposite way is also possible, ie the deletion is carried out with a linear heat source, while the rewriting is carried out with a punctiform electrode.
- the depolarization can take place by the action of a larger alternating electrical field.
- a further possibility of being able to carry out the rewriting process without a heat source is to use an electrode for generating an electrical field which polarizes the ferroelectric film of the printing form and a second electrode with which a corresponding field can be generated for the polarization of the ferroelectric layer.
- This electrode is punctiform and is used to mark the print pattern.
- the property is used that in areas of different polarization the outward free interfacial energy is changed in such a way that the wetting properties of the ferroelectric for polar (e.g. water) or non-polar fluids (e.g. printing ink) change drastically will.
- Another solution is to use two pen electrodes, one for selective "erasing” and the other for selective "writing”. This also allows partial changes to be made to the printing pattern on the printing form. This can also be achieved with a point electrode in cooperation with a point heat source.
- ink transfer cylinders of a printing press are shown in cross section, which works according to the flat printing or offset printing process.
- the paper (10) to be printed is guided between a printing cylinder (11) and a rubber cylinder (12) and takes up the printing ink applied to the rubber cylinder (12).
- the color distributed according to a typeface or a graphic representation is transferred from a printing form (13) to the rubber cylinder (12).
- the printing form (13) is located on a likewise rotatable form cylinder (14).
- the printing form (13) consists of a ferroelectric material, such as. B. barium titanate, which is applied as a coating on the forme cylinder (14).
- the ferroelectric layer can be applied to a film and to apply this coated film as a printing form to the forme cylinder (14).
- the printing form can also be produced as a film made of ferroelectric material.
- Another way of producing a printing form with ferroelectric properties is to use a base material, e.g. B. a composite material with hydrophobic properties, such as. B. soft plastic mats are included in the ferroelectric microcrystallites.
- the wetting properties of a ferroelectric for polar and nonpolar fluids is determined by the polarization of the ferroelectric.
- the polarization of the ferroelectric can be aligned or the ferroelectric can be depolarized by a suitable choice of the field properties.
- Depolarization can also be achieved by heating the ferroelectric material above the Curie point.
- the Curie temperature is at 120 ° C.
- a flat electrode (15) with a line tip (16) is provided which interacts with the forme cylinder (14) designed as a counter electrode.
- a controllable voltage (20) is present at the pair of electrodes (14, 15), which is controlled by an information transmission unit (21).
- the information transmission unit (21) consists, in a known manner, of information carriers (22) located in the editorial office and a control unit (23) located in the printing press.
- the voltage (20) is applied to the electrodes (14, 15) without switching off the printing press. Due to the electrical field building up between the line tip (16) and the counterelectrode (14), the printing form that roams this field is polarized, ie a continuous hydrophilic area (24) is created.
- a point beam is applied to the printing form (13) by means of a heat source (25) arranged in the direction of rotation of the forme cylinder (14) after the electrode (15) and designed as a radiation source (26) directed, which heats the irradiated point above the Curie temperature of the corresponding ferroelectric material and thus depolarizes or converts it into a hydrophobic state.
- the radiation source (25) is also controlled by the information transmission unit (21) in such a way that the radiation source (25) is moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the forme cylinder (14) and only there according to the pressure information from the system (22) outputs a beam on which a pixel is provided.
- the rewriting process can be reversed by rotating the forme cylinder (14) in the opposite direction, forming the heat source as a line jet and the electrode in a punctiform manner. In such a case, a previous print pattern with the heat source is deleted by creating a continuous depolarized or hydrophobic area on the printing form and the hydrophilic areas are generated by correspondingly controlling the electrode pin.
- FIG 3 shows an embodiment in which, instead of a heat source, a second electrode (30) is provided, with which the transcriptions are made in cooperation with the first electrode (15) and the forme cylinder designed as a counter electrode.
- the tip of one electrode is point-shaped for the "writing process” and the other is linear for the "erasing process”.
- the two electrodes (15 and 30) can be controlled such that the ferroelectric layer is continuously polarized with the quenching electrode, while the second, pin-like electrode with a correspondingly high voltage reverses polarization is performed, which lead to hydrophilic areas.
- Another way to create the hydrophilic pattern is to use a high frequency AC voltage. The alternating field generated in this way depolarizes the polarized ferroelectric layer at the relevant points.
- both electrodes (15 and (30)) would have a punctiform design.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
- Rotary Presses (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Druckmaschine, die mit einer Druckform ausgestattet ist, auf der ein zu druckendes Bild durch entsprechende phydrophobe und hydrophile Bereiche darstellbar ist und wobei Mittel vorgesehen sind, mit denen die hydrophoben bzw. hydrophilen Bereiche umgestaltet werden können.The invention relates to a printing press which is equipped with a printing form on which an image to be printed can be represented by corresponding phydrophobic and hydrophilic areas and means are provided with which the hydrophobic or hydrophilic areas can be reconfigured.
Beim Flachdruck werden Druckformen verwendet, die sich dadurch auszeichnen, daß die Oberflächeneigenschaften des Druckformmaterials zwischen druckenden und nichtdruckenden Bereichen verschieden sind. Insbesondere beim Offset-Druck mit Feuchtwerk werden wasserannehmende (hydrophile) und wasserabstoßende (hydrophobe) Bereiche erzeugt, die nach Anfeuchtung und Einfärbung mit oleophiler Druckfarbe über ein Gummituch auf das Druckgut übertragen werden.In the case of planographic printing, printing forms are used which are distinguished by the fact that the surface properties of the printing form material differ between printing and non-printing areas. Particularly in offset printing with a dampening system, water-accepting (hydrophilic) and water-repellent (hydrophobic) areas are created, which after moistening and coloring with oleophilic printing ink are transferred to the print material using a rubber blanket.
Bei den bisher üblichen Druckverfahren im Flachdruck werden die Druckformen als dünne Platten ausgebildet, die außerhalb der Druckmaschine in mehreren fotolithografischen Verfahrensschritten hergestellt werden. Sie müssen vor dem Druck in die Druckmaschine eingebracht, justiert und eingefahren werden. Dadurch entstehen Stillstandzeiten und Makulatur während des Einfahrprozesses. Änderungen des zu druckenden Musters auf dem Druckgut können nur durch Wechseln der Druckform erreicht werden.In the printing processes previously used in planographic printing, the printing forms are formed as thin plates which are produced outside the printing press in several photolithographic process steps. They have to be inserted, adjusted and retracted into the press before printing. This results in downtimes and waste during the run-in process. Changes to the pattern to be printed on the printed matter can only be achieved by changing the printing form.
Es gibt daher Bemühungen, Verfahren zur direkten Beschreibung der Druckform in der Druckmaschine zu entwickeln. In dieser Hinsicht ist eine Druckform bekannt geworden (EP 101266), die aus einer hydrophilen und einer in der Druckmaschine auftragbaren hydrophoben Schicht besteht. Ein mit Hilfe von codierten Druckinformationen gesteuerter Laserstrahl entfernt die dem zu druckenden Bild entsprechenden Bereiche der hydrophoben Schicht. Die hydrophobe Schicht wird bei jedem Bildwechsel innerhalb der Druckmaschine neu gebildet.There are therefore efforts to develop methods for the direct description of the printing form in the printing press. In this regard, a printing form has become known (EP 101266) which consists of a hydrophilic layer and a hydrophobic layer which can be applied in the printing press. A controlled with the help of coded print information Laser beam removes the areas of the hydrophobic layer corresponding to the image to be printed. The hydrophobic layer is newly formed with every image change within the printing press.
Es sind ferner Lösungen bekannt, bei denen die Hydrophilierung der Druckformoberfläche durch elektrische Ladungen (DE 33 11 237), durch eine Aktivierung von Foto-oder Thermochromen (US 3,422,759) oder durch eine Strukturänderung halbleitender Gläser (DE 21 11 561) erfolgt.Solutions are also known in which the printing plate surface is hydrophilized by electrical charges (DE 33 11 237), by activation of photo or thermochromes (US 3,422,759) or by a change in the structure of semiconducting glasses (DE 21 11 561).
Diese bekannten Verfahren benötigen entweder die Einschaltung eng definierter Verfahrensparameter oder hohe Ansteuerungsenergie zur Änderung der Druckform. Es bestehen darüberhinaus Zweifel, ob bei diesen Verfahren eine mehrfach reversible Änderung der Druckform möglich ist und ob die Beständigkeit für höhere Druckauflagen gegeben ist.These known processes require either the activation of narrowly defined process parameters or high control energy to change the printing form. Furthermore, there are doubts as to whether a multiple reversible change of the printing form is possible with these processes and whether the resistance for longer print runs is given.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Druckform zu finden, bei der in einfacher, schneller und möglichst oft wiederholbarer Weise die Benetzungseigenschaften der Druckform selektiv umgeschaltet werden können, wobei diese Eigenschaften während eines wiederholten Druckvorganges sich nicht ändern sollen.The invention has for its object to find a method for producing a printing form, in which the wetting properties of the printing form can be selectively switched in a simple, quick and as often as possible repeatable manner, these properties should not change during a repeated printing process.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved by the features characterized in claim 1.
Ferroelektrische Materialien besitzen die Eigenschaft, daß sie infolge ihres strukturellen Molekülaufbaues ein permanentes, elektrisches Dipolmoment besitzen, das sich in einem außen angelegten Feld in Feldrichtung ausrichtet. Makroskopisch zeigt sich diese Eigenschaft als elektrische Polarisation, die nur durch Anlegen eines entsprechend großen Gegenfeldes in ihrer Richtung geändert werden kann. In Analogie zu Ferromagnetika existiert bei den Ferroelektrika als Punkt maximaler Temperatur ein sogenannter Curie-Punkt, bei dem infolge thermischer Bewegung die ferroelektrischen Eigenschaften verschwinden und ein nach außen unpolares Element entsteht.Ferroelectric materials have the property that, owing to their structural molecular structure, they have a permanent, electrical dipole moment which is aligned in the field direction in an external field. Macroscopically, this property shows up as electrical Polarization, which can only be changed in its direction by applying a correspondingly large opposing field. In analogy to ferromagnetics, there is a so-called Curie point as the point of maximum temperature for the ferroelectrics, at which the ferroelectric properties disappear due to thermal movement and an element that is non-polar to the outside is formed.
Die Hydrophilierung bzw. Umhydrophilierung einer Druckform mit ferroelektrischen Eigenschaften erfolgt daher durch einen Polarisier- bzw. Depolarisier-Mechanismus, der innerhalb der Druckmaschine reversibel und unbegrenzte Male durchführbar ist.The hydrophilization or rehydrophilization of a printing form with ferroelectric properties is therefore carried out by means of a polarizing or depolarizing mechanism, which is reversible and can be carried out unlimited times within the printing press.
Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung besteht dahin, daß der Benetzungseffekt nicht auf monomolekularen Oberflächeneigenschaften beruht, sondern auf weitreichenden elektrostatischen Anziehungskräften. Dünne, dielektrische Verschmutzungs- bzw. Farbschichten bereiten daher keine Schwierigkeiten beim Umsteuerungsvorgang, da die elektrische Feldstärke dadurch nur unwesentlich beeinflußt wird.Another advantage of the invention is that the wetting effect is not based on monomolecular surface properties, but on far-reaching electrostatic attractive forces. Thin, dielectric contamination or paint layers therefore do not pose any difficulties in the reversal process, since the electrical field strength is only insignificantly influenced thereby.
Die Druckform kann aus einer dünnen Folie oder einer Schicht auf einem Druckformträger bestehen, die aufgedampft oder mit anderen bekannten Verfahren auf die Druckform aufgebracht ist. Als Material eignet sich ein ferroelektrisches Material, das als Folie oder Schicht ausgebildet ist. Für Anwendungen, bei denen weiche Druckformen erforderlich sind, kann ein mit ferroelektrischen Mikrokristallen versetztes Verbundmaterial verwendet werden. In diesem Fall ist auch eine Druckform geeignet, die eine ferroelektrische Schicht enthält, auf die eine dünne Schicht von hydrophobem Material aufgebracht ist.The printing form can consist of a thin film or a layer on a printing form support, which is vapor-deposited or applied to the printing form by other known methods. A ferroelectric material which is designed as a film or layer is suitable as the material. For applications where soft printing forms are required, a composite material mixed with ferroelectric microcrystals can be used. In this case, a printing form is also suitable which contains a ferroelectric layer to which a thin layer of hydrophobic material is applied.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist für die Umgestaltung der Polarisationsbereiche der Druckform ein Elektrodenpaar und eine Wärmequelle vorgesehen, die mittels einer Informationsübertragungseinheit ansteuerbar sind. Die Informationsübertragungseinheit schließt bekannte Systeme ein, wie elektrische Ganzseitenumbruch-, Ganzseitenmontage-Systeme, Faksimile-Übertragungssysteme, Computersteuerung, Mikroprozessoren, die Signale zur Ansteuerung der Wärmequelle und der Elektrodenpaare entsprechend der Bildinformationen ausgeben.According to one embodiment of the invention, a pair of electrodes and a heat source are provided for the transformation of the polarization areas of the printing form, which can be controlled by means of an information transmission unit. The information transmission unit includes known systems, such as full-page electrical, full-page assembly systems, facsimile transmission systems, computer control, microprocessors, which output signals for controlling the heat source and the electrode pairs in accordance with the image information.
Das Elektrodenpaar kann vielseitig ausgestaltet werden. Einfache Ausführungen bestehen darin, daß eine Linienelektrode oder eine oder mehrere Punktelektroden mit dem als Gegenelektrode ausgebildeten Druckformträger zusammenwirken. Mit derartigen Elektrodenpaaren wird die Druckform zeilenweise bzw. punktweise polarisiert. Je nach der Art des Polarisationsvorganges wird die zugehörige Wärmequelle ausgestaltet, die zur Depolarisation dient. Als Wärmequellen können IR-Laser, Laser, konzentrierte Lichtquellen, geheizte Stifte und dergleichen verwendet werden. Eine punktuelle Wärmequelle wird in Verbindung mit einer linienförmigen Elektrode verwendet, d. h. mit der Elektrode werden vorhergehende Druckmuster gelöscht. Mit der punktuellen Wärmequelle wird ein neues Druckmuster eingebracht. Es ist aber auch der umgekehrte Weg möglich, d. h., daß die Löschung mit einer linienförmigen Wärmequelle erfolgt, während die Umschreibung mit einer punktuellen Elektrode durchgeführt wird.The pair of electrodes can be designed in a variety of ways. Simple designs consist in the fact that a line electrode or one or more point electrodes cooperate with the printing form carrier designed as a counter electrode. With such pairs of electrodes, the printing form is polarized line by line or point by point. Depending on the type of polarization process, the associated heat source is used, which is used for depolarization. IR lasers, lasers, concentrated light sources, heated pens and the like can be used as heat sources. A selective heat source is used in conjunction with a linear electrode, ie previous printing patterns are deleted with the electrode. With the selective heat source, a new print pattern is introduced. However, the opposite way is also possible, ie the deletion is carried out with a linear heat source, while the rewriting is carried out with a punctiform electrode.
Wenn die für die Depolarisation erforderliche Aufheizung innerhalb einer Druckmaschine unerwünscht ist, dann kann die Depolarisation durch Einwirkung eines größeren elektrischen Wechselfeldes erfolgen.If the heating required for the depolarization within a printing press is undesirable, then the depolarization can take place by the action of a larger alternating electrical field.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit, den Umschreibungsvorgang ohne Wärmequelle durchführen zu können, besteht in der Verwendung einer Elektrode zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes, das den ferroelektrischen Film der Druckform polarisiert und einer zweiten Elektrode, mit der ein entsprechendes Feld zur Umpolarisierung der ferroelektrischen Schicht erzeugbar ist. Diese Elektrode ist punktuell und dient zum Abzeichnen des Druckmusters. Bei diesem Verfahren wird die Eigenschaft genützt, daß an Bereichen unterschiedlicher Polarisation die nach außen wirksame freie Grenzflächenenergie derart verändert wird, daß die Benetzungseigenschaften des Ferroelektrikums für polare (z. B. Wasser) bzw. unpolare Fluide (z. B. Druckfarbe) drastisch geändert werden. Inbesondere an sogenannten Domänengrenzen, an denen sich die Polarisationsrichtung umkehrt, entstehen so starke elektrische Felder, daß polare Fluide direkt angezogen werden. Mit der Umpolarisierung werden demzufolge den Domänenwänden entsprechende hydrophile Bereiche erzeugt. Mit diesem Verfahren läßt sich ein Druck mit außerordentlich hoher Auflösung erreichen.A further possibility of being able to carry out the rewriting process without a heat source is to use an electrode for generating an electrical field which polarizes the ferroelectric film of the printing form and a second electrode with which a corresponding field can be generated for the polarization of the ferroelectric layer. This electrode is punctiform and is used to mark the print pattern. In this method, the property is used that in areas of different polarization the outward free interfacial energy is changed in such a way that the wetting properties of the ferroelectric for polar (e.g. water) or non-polar fluids (e.g. printing ink) change drastically will. In particular at so-called domain boundaries at which the direction of polarization is reversed, such strong electric fields arise that polar fluids are attracted directly. Accordingly, the hydrophilic regions corresponding to the domain walls are generated with the polarity reversal. With this method, an extremely high resolution print can be achieved.
Eine weitere Lösung besteht darin, zwei Stiftelektroden zu verwenden, wobei eine zum selektiven "Löschen" und die andere zum selektiven "Beschreiben" verwendet werden. Damit können auch Teiländerungen des Druckmusters an der Druckform durchgeführt werden. Dieses ist auch mit einer punktuellen Elektrode in Zusammenwirkung mit einer punktuellen Wärmequelle erreichbar.Another solution is to use two pen electrodes, one for selective "erasing" and the other for selective "writing". This also allows partial changes to be made to the printing pattern on the printing form. This can also be achieved with a point electrode in cooperation with a point heat source.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel,
- Fig. 2
- ein Detail aus Fig. 1 und
- Fig. 3
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel.
- Fig. 1
- a first embodiment,
- Fig. 2
- a detail from Fig. 1 and
- Fig. 3
- another embodiment.
In Fig. 1 sind Farbübertragungszylinder einer Druckmaschine im Querschnitt dargestellt, die nach dem Flachdruck bzw. Offset-Druckverfahren arbeitet. Das zu bedruckende Papier (10) wird zwischen einem Druckzylinder (11) und einem Gummizylinder (12) geführt und nimmt dabei die auf den Gummizylinder (12) aufgebrachte Druckfarbe auf. Die entsprechend einem Schriftbild oder einer graphischen Darstellung verteilte Farbe wird von einer Druckform (13) auf den Gummizylinder (12) übertragen. Die Druckform (13) befindet sich auf einem ebenfalls drehbaren Formzylinder (14). Die Druckform (13) besteht aus einem ferroelektrischen Material, wie z. B. Bariumtitanat, das als eine Beschichtung auf den Formzylinder (14) aufgebracht ist. Es ist aber auch möglich, die ferroelektrische Schicht auf eine Folie aufzubringen und diese beschichtete Folie als Druckform an den Formzylinder (14) anzubringen. Die Druckform kann auch als Folie aus ferroelektrischem Material hergestellt werden. Eine andere Möglichkeit, eine Druckform mit ferroelektrischen Eigenschaften herzustellen, ist die Verwendung eines Grundmaterials, z. B. ein Verbundmaterial mit hydrophoben Eigenschaften, wie z. B. weichplastische Matten, in die ferroelektrische Mikrokristallite eingeschlossen werden.In Fig. 1, ink transfer cylinders of a printing press are shown in cross section, which works according to the flat printing or offset printing process. The paper (10) to be printed is guided between a printing cylinder (11) and a rubber cylinder (12) and takes up the printing ink applied to the rubber cylinder (12). The color distributed according to a typeface or a graphic representation is transferred from a printing form (13) to the rubber cylinder (12). The printing form (13) is located on a likewise rotatable form cylinder (14). The printing form (13) consists of a ferroelectric material, such as. B. barium titanate, which is applied as a coating on the forme cylinder (14). However, it is also possible to apply the ferroelectric layer to a film and to apply this coated film as a printing form to the forme cylinder (14). The printing form can also be produced as a film made of ferroelectric material. Another way of producing a printing form with ferroelectric properties is to use a base material, e.g. B. a composite material with hydrophobic properties, such as. B. soft plastic mats are included in the ferroelectric microcrystallites.
Die Benetzungseigenschafen eines Ferroelekrikums für polare und unpolare Fluide wird durch die Polarisation des Ferroelektrikums bestimmt. Durch Anbringung eines entsprechend starken elektrischen Feldes läßt sich die Polarisation des Ferroelektrikums durch geeignete Wahl der Feldeigenschaften ausrichten bzw. das Ferroelektrikum depolarisieren. Eine Depolarisation läßt sich auch durch Erwärmung des ferroelektrischen Materials über den Curie-Punkt erreichen. Bei Bariumtitanat legt die Curie-Temperatur bei 120°C.The wetting properties of a ferroelectric for polar and nonpolar fluids is determined by the polarization of the ferroelectric. By applying a correspondingly strong electric field, the polarization of the ferroelectric can be aligned or the ferroelectric can be depolarized by a suitable choice of the field properties. Depolarization can also be achieved by heating the ferroelectric material above the Curie point. For barium titanate, the Curie temperature is at 120 ° C.
Gemäß Fig. 1 ist eine flache Elektrode (15) mit einer Linienspitze (16) vorgesehen, die zusammen mit dem als Gegenelektrode ausgebildeten Formzylinder (14) zusammenwirkt.According to FIG. 1, a flat electrode (15) with a line tip (16) is provided which interacts with the forme cylinder (14) designed as a counter electrode.
Wie in Fig. 2 schematisch dargestellt ist, liegt an dem Elektrodenpaar (14, 15) eine steuerbare Spannung (20) an, die von einer Informationsübertragungseinheit (21) gesteuert wird. Die Informationsübertragungseinheit (21) besteht in bekannter Weise aus in der Redaktion befindlichen Infomormationsträgern (22) und einem in der Druckmaschine befindlichen Steuergerät (23).As shown schematically in FIG. 2, a controllable voltage (20) is present at the pair of electrodes (14, 15), which is controlled by an information transmission unit (21). The information transmission unit (21) consists, in a known manner, of information carriers (22) located in the editorial office and a control unit (23) located in the printing press.
Zur Einleitung eines Umschreibvorganges wird, ohne die Druckmaschine abzustellen, die Spannung (20) an die Elektroden (14, 15) angelegt. Aufgrund des zwischen der Linienspitze (16) und der Gegenelektrode (14) sich aufbauenden elektrischen Feldes wird die dieses Feld durchstreifende Druckform polarisiert, d. h. es entsteht ein durchgehender hydrophiler Bereich (24). Mittels einer in Drehrichtung des Formzylinders (14) nach der Elektrode (15) angeordneten und als Strahlenquelle ausgebildeten Wärmequelle (25) wird auf die Druckform (13) ein Punktstrahl (26) gerichtet, der den bestrahlten Punkt über die Curie-Temperatur des entsprechenden ferroelektrischen Materials aufheizt und damit depolarisiert bzw. in einen hydrophoben Zustand überführt. Auf diese Weise werden die hydrophoben Bildbereiche (27), die die Druckfarbe aufnehmen sollen, erzeugt. Die Strahlenquelle (25) wird ebenfalls von der Informationsübertragungseinheit (21) angesteuert, und zwar derart, daß die Strahlenquelle (25) in Längsrichtung des Formzylinders (14) hin- und herbewegt wird und dabei entsprechend den Druckinformationen aus dem System (22) nur dort einen Strahl ausgibt, an dem ein Bildpunkt vorgesehen ist. Der Umschreibvorgang läßt sich umkehren, indem der Formzylinder (14) in umgekehrter Richtung gedreht, die Wärmequelle als Linienstrahl und die Elektrode punktförmig ausgebildet werden. In so einem Fall wird ein vorhergehendes Druckmuster mit der Wärmequelle gelöscht, indem ein durchgehender depolarisierter bzw. hydrophober Bereich an der Druckform erzeugt wird und die hydrophilen Bereiche durch entsprechende Steuerung des Elektrodenstiftes erzeugt werden.To initiate a rewriting process, the voltage (20) is applied to the electrodes (14, 15) without switching off the printing press. Due to the electrical field building up between the line tip (16) and the counterelectrode (14), the printing form that roams this field is polarized, ie a continuous hydrophilic area (24) is created. A point beam is applied to the printing form (13) by means of a heat source (25) arranged in the direction of rotation of the forme cylinder (14) after the electrode (15) and designed as a radiation source (26) directed, which heats the irradiated point above the Curie temperature of the corresponding ferroelectric material and thus depolarizes or converts it into a hydrophobic state. In this way, the hydrophobic image areas (27), which are to receive the printing ink, are generated. The radiation source (25) is also controlled by the information transmission unit (21) in such a way that the radiation source (25) is moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the forme cylinder (14) and only there according to the pressure information from the system (22) outputs a beam on which a pixel is provided. The rewriting process can be reversed by rotating the forme cylinder (14) in the opposite direction, forming the heat source as a line jet and the electrode in a punctiform manner. In such a case, a previous print pattern with the heat source is deleted by creating a continuous depolarized or hydrophobic area on the printing form and the hydrophilic areas are generated by correspondingly controlling the electrode pin.
In Fig. 3 ist eine Ausführung gezeigt, bei der anstelle einer Wärmequelle eine zweite Elektrode (30) vorgesehen ist, mit der in Zusammenwirkung mit der ersten Elektrode (15) und dem als Gegenelektrode ausgebildeten Formzylinder (14) die Umschreibungen vorgenommen werden. Dabei ist die Spitze der einen Elektrode punktförmig für den "Schreibvorgang" und die andere linienförmig für den "Löschvorgang" ausgebildet. Die beiden Elektroden (15 und 30) können dabei so angesteuert werden, daß mit der Löschelektrode die ferroelektrische Schicht durchgehend polarisiert wird, während mit der zweiten, stiftartigen Elektrode mit einer entsprechend hohen Spannung eine Umpolarisierung durchgeführt wird, die zu hydrophilen Bereichen führen. Eine andere Möglichkeit, das hydrophile Muster zu erzeugen, ist die Verwendung einer hochfrequenten Wechselspannung. Durch das damit erzeugte Wechselfeld wird an den betreffenden Stellen die polarisierte ferroelektrische Schicht depolarisiert.3 shows an embodiment in which, instead of a heat source, a second electrode (30) is provided, with which the transcriptions are made in cooperation with the first electrode (15) and the forme cylinder designed as a counter electrode. The tip of one electrode is point-shaped for the "writing process" and the other is linear for the "erasing process". The two electrodes (15 and 30) can be controlled such that the ferroelectric layer is continuously polarized with the quenching electrode, while the second, pin-like electrode with a correspondingly high voltage reverses polarization is performed, which lead to hydrophilic areas. Another way to create the hydrophilic pattern is to use a high frequency AC voltage. The alternating field generated in this way depolarizes the polarized ferroelectric layer at the relevant points.
Es ist auch denkbar, die Elektrode (15) aus Fig. 2 punktförmig auszubilden, wobei entweder eine Reihe von Punktelektroden oder eine einzige Stiftelektrode verwendet werden. Damit ist gleichzeitig eine selektive Löschung möglich. Im Fall des Beispieles nach Fig. 3 würden beide Elektroden (15 und (30) punktförmig ausgebildet sein.It is also conceivable to design the electrode (15) from FIG. 2 in a punctiform manner, wherein either a row of point electrodes or a single pin electrode are used. This enables selective deletion at the same time. In the case of the example according to FIG. 3, both electrodes (15 and (30)) would have a punctiform design.
Claims (14)
- Printing machine equipped with a printing forme (13) on which an image to be printed can be represented by corresponding hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas, and wherein means are provided whereby the hydrophobic or hydrophilic areas can be reversed, characterised in that the printing forme (13) contains material with ferroelectric properties which can be locally polarised or depolarised by the means.
- Printing machine according to claim 1,
characterised in that the printing forme (13) is a film (13) of ferroelectric material. - Printing machine according to claim 1,
characterised in that the printing forme (13) has a coating of ferroelectric material. - Printing machine according to claim 1,
characterised in that the printing forme (13) comprises a composite material compounded with ferroelectric crystals. - Printing forme according to one of claims 1 and 4,
characterised in that the printing forme is a layer (13) applied to a printing forme carrier (14). - Printing machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a pair of electrodes (14, 15) and a heat source (25) controllable by means of an information transfer unit (21) are provided as the means for reversing the polarisation areas (24, 27).
- Printing machine according to claim 6,
characterised in that a flat electrode (15) with a linear electrode tip (16) is provided, the length of which corresponds to the width of the printing forme (13) and which co-operates with a printing forme carrier (14) constructed as a counter electrode. - Printing machine according to claim 6,
characterised in that a pointed electrode is provided which co-operates with a printing forme carrier constructed as a counter electrode. - Printing machine according to one of claims 6 to 8,
characterised in that the heat source radiates a linear beam. - Printing machine according to claim 9,
characterised in that the linear beam can be controlled point-by-point. - Printing machine according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that a heat source (25) with a point-focal beam (26) is provided.
- Printing machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that electrodes (14, 15, 30) controllable by means of information transfer systems (21) are provided as the means for reversing the polarisation areas (24, 27).
- Printing machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the or a pair of electrodes is acted on by alternating current.
- Printing machine according to claim 1,
characterised in that the printing forme contains a ferroelectric layer over which a thin layer of hydrophobic material is applied.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19863633758 DE3633758A1 (en) | 1986-10-03 | 1986-10-03 | PRINTING MACHINE |
| DE3633758 | 1986-10-03 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0262475A2 EP0262475A2 (en) | 1988-04-06 |
| EP0262475A3 EP0262475A3 (en) | 1990-11-22 |
| EP0262475B1 true EP0262475B1 (en) | 1993-11-10 |
Family
ID=6311013
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP87113140A Expired - Lifetime EP0262475B1 (en) | 1986-10-03 | 1987-09-09 | Printing machine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4833990A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0262475B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH0751349B2 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD262396A5 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3633758A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3705439A1 (en) * | 1987-02-20 | 1988-09-01 | Man Technologie Gmbh | PRINTING MACHINE |
| US5041843A (en) * | 1988-10-04 | 1991-08-20 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method and apparatus for transferring an adhesive viscous substance corresponding to the ratio of the area of an electroconduction portion of a pattern on one electrode to the area of an insulating portion of the pattern of the electrode |
| EP0364144A3 (en) * | 1988-10-04 | 1990-08-08 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of transferring viscous substance and process for producing the same |
| US5191834A (en) * | 1988-10-14 | 1993-03-09 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Printing system with printing form having a ferro-electric layer |
| DE3835091A1 (en) * | 1988-10-14 | 1990-04-19 | Roland Man Druckmasch | PRINTING FORM |
| DE3836931C2 (en) * | 1988-10-29 | 1993-11-04 | Roland Man Druckmasch | PRINT FORM FOR A PRINTING MACHINE WITH REPEATABLE ACTIVATIBLE AND DELETABLE AREAS |
| EP0392826A3 (en) * | 1989-04-12 | 1991-03-27 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming method and image forming apparatus |
| DE3911934C2 (en) * | 1989-04-12 | 1995-08-24 | Krause Biagosch Gmbh | Offset printing form and method for producing this printing form |
| EP0409570A3 (en) * | 1989-07-21 | 1991-09-18 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of supplying viscous substance |
| DE3930584A1 (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-03-14 | Basf Ag | OFFSET PRINTING PLATE PRODUCED ON ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC WAY WITH HYDROPHILIC CONCRETE AREAS AND OLEOPHILIC UNCOVERAGE AREAS |
| DE4039105C2 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1994-12-08 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Device for the pictorial description of a printing form |
| DE4039107B4 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 2004-08-26 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Device for the pictorial writing and erasing of a printing form |
| US5188033A (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1993-02-23 | Rockwell International Corporation | Direct-to-press imaging system for use in lithographic printing |
| US5129321A (en) * | 1991-07-08 | 1992-07-14 | Rockwell International Corporation | Direct-to-press imaging system for use in lithographic printing |
| JP3311408B2 (en) * | 1992-04-20 | 2002-08-05 | 株式会社リコー | Image forming method and image forming apparatus |
| DE9218056U1 (en) * | 1992-04-21 | 1993-06-03 | Albert-Frankenthal Ag, 6710 Frankenthal | Device for producing a printing pattern on a printing form sleeve |
| DE4235242C1 (en) * | 1992-10-20 | 1993-11-11 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Erasable print form |
| DE4303282C2 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 2002-02-28 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Device for dampening solution supply in an offset printing machine |
| DE4328037A1 (en) * | 1993-08-20 | 1995-03-02 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Printing process with ferroelectrics |
| DE4426012C2 (en) | 1994-07-22 | 1998-05-20 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Erasable printing form, its use and methods for erasing and regenerating the printing form |
| US5816161A (en) * | 1994-07-22 | 1998-10-06 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Erasable printing plate having a smooth pore free metallic surface |
| US5713287A (en) * | 1995-05-11 | 1998-02-03 | Creo Products Inc. | Direct-to-Press imaging method using surface modification of a single layer coating |
| WO1997036746A1 (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-10-09 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Process for printing a carrier material |
| DE19624395A1 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1998-01-02 | Roland Man Druckmasch | Web rotary printing machine |
| US5927206A (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 1999-07-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | Ferroelectric imaging member and methods of use |
| DE19826377A1 (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 1999-12-16 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Printing press and printing process |
| DE19932071A1 (en) * | 1998-07-22 | 2000-01-27 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Simple and robust imaging head preparing surface of offset printing plate, has fine matrix of insulated pins selectively connected to HF power source |
| DE19945847A1 (en) * | 1998-10-10 | 2000-06-21 | Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag | Changing the wetting characteristics of a printing mold used in offset printing comprises putting the surface of a semiconductor in one chemical state, and putting parts of all regions of the semiconductor surface in a second chemical state |
| AT407859B (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2001-07-25 | Weber Casper Urban | Planographic printing process |
| DE10125257B4 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2005-08-11 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Short inking unit for a rotary printing press and method for improving the ink splitting in such a short inking unit |
| US7121209B2 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2006-10-17 | Nandakumar Vaidyanathan | Digital semiconductor based printing system and method |
| EP1995060A1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-26 | Ernst-Rudolf Dr. Weidlich | Method for influencing the colour content and/or colour dispensing ability of printing plates and printing device |
| DE102008028675A1 (en) * | 2008-06-17 | 2009-12-24 | Wifag Maschinenfabrik Ag | Electro or magnetorheological printing machine |
| US9545785B2 (en) | 2008-09-12 | 2017-01-17 | J P Imaging Limited | Method of printing using a reimageable printing plate with an aluminum oxide surface |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3406060A (en) * | 1964-04-08 | 1968-10-15 | Nashua Corp | Electrophotographic process |
| US3358081A (en) * | 1964-10-20 | 1967-12-12 | Xerox Corp | Facsimile printer with ferroelectric modulator |
| US3643014A (en) * | 1967-03-07 | 1972-02-15 | Molins Ltd | Pip recording apparatus |
| US3550155A (en) * | 1968-01-18 | 1970-12-22 | Itt | Printer using a solid state semiconductor material as a switch |
| US3530441A (en) * | 1969-01-15 | 1970-09-22 | Energy Conversion Devices Inc | Method and apparatus for storing and retrieving information |
| US3698006A (en) * | 1969-05-29 | 1972-10-10 | Energy Conversion Devices Inc | High speed printer of multiple copies for output information |
| US3651281A (en) * | 1969-06-06 | 1972-03-21 | Carl H Becker | Laser recording system using photomagnetically magnetizable storage medium |
| US3659936A (en) * | 1970-01-07 | 1972-05-02 | Energy Conversion Devices Inc | Apparatus for electrostatic printing |
| US3654864A (en) * | 1970-01-16 | 1972-04-11 | Energy Conversion Devices Inc | Printing employing materials with variable volume |
| US3678852A (en) * | 1970-04-10 | 1972-07-25 | Energy Conversion Devices Inc | Printing and copying employing materials with surface variations |
| US3651488A (en) * | 1970-06-08 | 1972-03-21 | Rca Corp | Information storage system employing optical entry and removal of information |
| US3832718A (en) * | 1973-01-19 | 1974-08-27 | Gen Electric | Non-impact, curie point printer |
| DE2340323C2 (en) * | 1973-08-09 | 1984-09-13 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Process for the production of planographic printing forms |
| US3951533A (en) * | 1974-09-20 | 1976-04-20 | Xerox Corporation | Color image reproduction system |
| AU4413585A (en) * | 1984-06-28 | 1986-01-02 | Milliken Research Corporation | Fine resolution corona for lithographic imaging |
-
1986
- 1986-10-03 DE DE19863633758 patent/DE3633758A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1987
- 1987-09-09 DE DE87113140T patent/DE3788102D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-09-09 EP EP87113140A patent/EP0262475B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-09-30 US US07/103,428 patent/US4833990A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-10-02 JP JP24965887A patent/JPH0751349B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-10-02 DD DD87307561A patent/DD262396A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0751349B2 (en) | 1995-06-05 |
| DD262396A5 (en) | 1988-11-30 |
| DE3633758A1 (en) | 1988-04-07 |
| US4833990A (en) | 1989-05-30 |
| JPS63102937A (en) | 1988-05-07 |
| EP0262475A2 (en) | 1988-04-06 |
| DE3788102D1 (en) | 1993-12-16 |
| EP0262475A3 (en) | 1990-11-22 |
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