EP0279014A1 - Process for manufacturing rod-shaped articles having at least one protruding end at one side - Google Patents

Abstract

To simplify the manufacture of rod-shaped articles having at least one thickened end on one side, preferably valve bodies of piston machines, by warm-forming of a round rod blank which has been cut to a suitable length, one end region (19) of the round rod blank (20) is formed into a shaft by a reducing process and for this purpose heated in the region to be formed, after which it is heated in the unformed region (21) and subsequently the head (22) is formed there by upsetting. This process requires means for the timed forward movement of separate workpieces between an input station and an output station, means for heating the parts of the workpiece which are to be formed, means for carrying out a reducing process of at least part lengths of the workpiece and means for upsetting an end region of a workpiece up to the finished shape of a workpiece head, and the means for carrying out a reducing process should preferably be designed as a cold extrusion device. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing rod-shaped bodies with at least one one-sided final thickening, preferably valve bodies of piston machines, by hot forming a round rod blank, which is cut to a suitable length, and a device for carrying out the method.

Processes of the type described in the introduction have already become known through a prospectus from Maschinenfabrik Hasenclever GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf 1, Witzelstrasse 55, with the number BM - 56 - D 3/72 - 3000 - K. and through "upsetting and pressing" 2. Edition, Billigmann / Feldmann, Hanser-Verlag, pages 150, 151; 194-200).
In such devices, for example, a workpiece blank for the production of valves in the area to be formed is heated and compressed in an electrical upsetting system by an electrical resistance heating, so that a so-called. Compressed pear is created. The workpiece, which is heated and compressed in this way, is then removed from the electric upsetting machine and inserted into a finished forging press which forms the valve head with the valve disk. Since the finished forging press works much faster than the electric upsetting machine, it is necessary to use several electric upsetting machines to supply the finished forging press to supply the finished forging press in accordance with the performance of the finished forging press. This is done in that an operator stands between the individual electric upsetting machines and the individual forging presses, who removes the workpieces from the electric upsetting machines and inserts them into the finished forging press. However, as can be seen from the brochure mentioned, very complex machines have also been developed for this purpose, in which a corresponding number of upsetting units are arranged on a carousel and rotate in the electric upsetting machine. Here they turn past the forging press and it gets during the Carousel rotation pre-compressed electrically. When driving past the forging press, the pre-compressed workpiece is automatically placed in the forging tool and forged there (see page 12 of the brochure mentioned). This known hot upsetting process is not entirely satisfactory because the electrical resistance heating leads to an inhomogeneous heat distribution and temperature distribution in the heated area. This is also easily understood, because the changing dimensions of the head also change its resistance. Automatic systems are provided which keep the flowing current constant, but the automatic keeping of the flowing current does not guarantee an even distribution of heat and temperature. In particular, an undesirable temperature change occurs on the workpiece at the contact surface of the workpiece face with the corresponding counter surface of the hot upsetting machine. Since the temperature distribution cannot be reliably controlled, the undesired scale formation on the workpiece cannot be prevented satisfactorily.

In order to carry out the known methods described, workpiece blanks are cut to length from bar material as the starting material, the bar material being supplied by any suitable rolling mill. In order to manufacture inexpensive valves, it is necessary to adjust the diameter of the valve stems to the standard dimensions of the rod material. Of course, any diameter can be selected here. However, this requires special dimensions that must be supplied by the rolling mill. Such special dimensions are expensive. The standard dimension is therefore preferred, as a result of which the valve construction is greatly restricted.

Based on this prior art, the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type described above, which enables the manufacture of said workpieces from rod material as a starting workpiece, without having to take care that the shaft diameter of the workpiece to be manufactured corresponds to the diameter of the Rolling stock delivered corresponds to the rod material and yet the ratio of Diameter of the finished head can be improved to the shaft diameter.

A device for carrying out this method is also to be proposed.

In procedural terms, this object is achieved on the basis of a method of the type described at the outset in that an end region of the round rod blank is shaped into a shaft by a reduction process and is heated in the region to be reshaped, whereupon it is heated in the non-deformed region and subsequently the head is formed there by compression . This means that from a round bar blank, the diameter of which may be close to the finished diameter as a standard diameter, a suitably long piece is cut to length and, after heating, is subjected to a reduction process at least over the necessary length range, as a result of which the necessary shank is formed with the desired diameter. It is particularly advantageous if this reduction process is designed as an extrusion process. Through the forming process or the extrusion process, the shaft is molded with the necessary diameter and the desired length. An undeformed area then remains on the workpiece blank. The workpiece blank can then be heated again in this area. Here again, it is particularly advantageous for all heating processes if it is inductive heating. If the undeformed area is heated in the necessary manner, it can be pressed into the required shape, for example into the shape of a valve plate, by an upsetting process. On the one hand, this type of production makes it completely independent of the standard diameters of the round bar blanks supplied by the rolling mill and, on the other hand, allows an extremely large ratio between the diameter of the valve head on the one hand and the stem diameter of the valve on the other. In the prior art, the aim of such valves is to achieve the thinnest possible stem and at the same time to achieve a valve head with the largest possible diameter. Such workpieces should preferably be made in one piece. However, this causes big problems because of the large diameter differences between the valve disc on the one hand and the stem diameter on the other, so that the valve disc and valve stem are usually manufactured individually and later welded together. However, the method according to the invention enables the stem diameter to be produced in one piece from an originally thicker blank, in which the stem is preferably produced by an extrusion process, while the valve head can also be produced from the thicker blank as a more favorable starting diameter. On the one hand, it is possible to become independent of the standard diameters of the rolling mills and, on the other hand, in spite of the very large ratio between the plate diameter on the one hand and the shank diameter on the other hand, such workpieces can be formed in one piece.

Advantageous refinements of the method according to the invention are described in subclaims 2 to 13. According to this, the reduction process, on the one hand, and the upsetting process, on the other hand, can be carried out in several stages, which on the one hand achieves greater independence from the dimensions of the bars that the rolling mill delivers and on the other hand enables even more extreme ratios of head diameter and valve disk diameter to shaft diameter to be achieved despite the one-piece nature of the workpieces to be produced . Furthermore, the design measures are intended to ensure that the workpiece has the desired temperature and heat distribution at least in the region to be formed during each forming operation.
Furthermore, the possibility is to be created not only of heating the entire area to be formed uniformly to the extent necessary, but rather of achieving any desired temperature distribution which is at least expedient for the forming step to be carried out.
Furthermore, it is to be achieved that the compression forces which are known and known per se during an upsetting process are reduced as far as possible, as a result of which a lighter machine construction can be achieved.

The device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention contains means for the cyclical advancement of separated workpieces between an input and output station, means for heating up parts of the workpiece to be reshaped, means for carrying out a reduction process of at least partial lengths of the workpiece and means for upsetting an end region of a workpiece to the finished shape of a workpiece head. It is important to ensure that the means for heating sections of the workpiece to be formed and the means for carrying out the reduction process and for compressing the end area are arranged between the input station and the output station. The workpieces separated by the amount of the cycle spacing can then be fed from the input station in cycles through the means for heating the portion of the workpiece to be formed and then reach the means for carrying out a reduction process during the further cycle. Here the workpiece should preferably be subjected to an extrusion process for reduction. However, only partial lengths of the workpiece are subjected to this extrusion process, whereupon the part which is not subjected to the extrusion process is again heated to the necessary extent by the heating means and deformed by the means for upsetting the end region to the finished shape.

Claims 15 to 63 contain advantageous refinements of the device according to the invention. With these configurations, a clearly arranged, yet easily constructed machine is to be achieved.
The structure should enable problem-free workpiece flow and largely avoid hydraulic elasticities. The controls are intended to enable optimum working speeds and the entire device can be easily converted to different workpiece dimensions. At the same time, it should be possible to achieve a desired heat distribution in the area to be heated and to prevent thermal overloading of extrusion dies in the case of fast cycle sequences.

Furthermore, a particularly simple variant of the device according to the invention as well as a high-performance variant are to be proposed.

The structural design of the machine should also be proposed in such a way that particularly confined spaces within a production line in which such a device can be located can be taken into account.

Devices according to the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, which show exemplary embodiments and functional principles. The method according to the invention is also to be described here.

• Figur 1 und Figur 2 Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Ein­richtung in abgewickelter Form, wobei Figur 1 die Fließpreßeinheit und Figur 2 die Staucheinheit darstellt
• Figur 3 Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils II nach Figur 6 ohne Elektroschaltschrank
• Figur 4 Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B nach Figur 3 90° nach links geschwenkt
• Figur 5 Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A nach Figur 3 90° nach rechts geschwenkt
• Figur 6 Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils I nach Figur 3
• Figur 7 Fließpreßeinheit als Einzeleinheit in Ansicht C-C nach Figur 12 um 90° nach rechts ge­schwenkt
• Figur 8 Staucheinheit als Einzeleinheit in Ansicht nach D-D nach Figur 11 um 90° nach links ge­schwenkt
• Figur 9 und Figur 10 Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles F-F nach den Figuren 11 und 12
• Figur 11 Draufsicht nach Figur 8 um 90° nach rechts geschwenkt
• Figur 12 Draufsicht nach Figur 7 um 90° nach links geschwenkt
• Figur 13 und Figur 14 Schnitt entlang der Linie E-E nach den Figuren 11 und 12
• Figur 15 schematische Darstellung einer Ansicht wie Figur 4
• Figur 16 schematische Darstellung nach Art der Figur 15, jedoch mit sich überlappender Fließpreß- und Staucheinheit
• Figur 17 schematische Darstellung des Funktionsablaufs einer Einrichtung nach Figur 16
• Figur 17A Einrichtung wie Figur 17 jedoch mit veränderter Staucheinheit
• Figur 18 schematische Darstellung des Arbeitsablaufs einer Einrichtung nach Figur 15
• Figur 18A Einrichtung wie Figur 18 jedoch mit veränderter Staucheinheit
• Figur 19 Hydraulikschema
• Figur 20 koaxiale Staucheinheit mit Trageinrichtung im Längsschnitt

Show it:

• Figure 1 and Figure 2 section through a device according to the invention in a developed form, wherein Figure 1 represents the extrusion unit and Figure 2 shows the compression unit
• Figure 3 view in the direction of arrow II of Figure 6 without an electrical cabinet
• Figure 4 section along the line BB of Figure 3 pivoted 90 ° to the left
• Figure 5 section along the line AA of Figure 3 pivoted 90 ° to the right
• FIG. 6 view in the direction of arrow I according to FIG. 3
• Figure 7 extrusion unit as a single unit in view CC of Figure 12 pivoted 90 ° to the right
• Figure 8 upsetting unit as a single unit in view according to DD of Figure 11 pivoted 90 ° to the left
• 9 and FIG. 10 view in the direction of the arrow FF according to FIGS. 11 and 12
• Figure 11 top view of Figure 8 pivoted 90 ° to the right
• Figure 12 top view of Figure 7 pivoted 90 ° to the left
• 13 and FIG. 14 section along the line EE according to FIGS. 11 and 12
• FIG. 15 schematic representation of a view like FIG. 4
• Figure 16 is a schematic representation of the type of Figure 15, but with an overlapping extrusion and compression unit
• FIG. 17 shows a schematic representation of the functional sequence of a device according to FIG. 16
• FIG. 17A device as in FIG. 17, but with a modified compression unit
• FIG. 18 shows a schematic representation of the work flow of a device according to FIG. 15
• FIG. 18A device as in FIG. 18 but with a modified compression unit
• Figure 19 Hydraulic diagram
• Figure 20 coaxial compression unit with support device in longitudinal section

The devices according to FIGS. 1 to 6 are first discussed, in which both an extrusion unit and an upsetting unit are designed as a structural unit.

A machine stand 99 designed as an oil container carries the supporting frameworks 71 and 72, which, in turn, are constructed on the cover plate 74 for the machine stand 99 (see, for example, FIGS. 3 and 6) in the form of vertical walls which are arranged opposite one another at a distance from one another. . Means 26 for moving the workpieces 20 forward in cycles are provided in the support frame with a horizontal axis of rotation. Further means 27 for moving the workpieces 20 forward in cycles are accommodated in the support frame 72 with an axially offset axis. The means 26 are assigned to the extrusion unit, while the means 27 are assigned to the compression unit. The detailed structure of these facilities will be described later.

The means 28 for heating the workpieces are arranged opposite each of the means 26 and the means 27. These means 28 are preferably designed as groups of resonant circuits for inductive heating of the workpiece. Each group can be moved separately along the axis of the workpiece and points to it an assigned traversing drive. Each individual resonant circuit is equipped with a corresponding single-wind or multi-wind induction coil. These units will also be described in more detail later.

Means for carrying out a reduction process in the form of an extrusion device are provided in the device according to the invention and carried by the support frames 71 and 72. In the exemplary embodiment according to the drawings mentioned at the outset, this extrusion device has two independently mounted supports 48 and 49 which can be pivoted via a swivel drive and each carry extrusion dies 23 and 23 'at their free ends. By means of a corresponding swiveling movement, these extrusion dies are assigned to a cycle station, so that in this cycle station a workpiece 20, heated in a necessary manner, faces them and is partially pressed through the extrusion die by a pressing device 31 and can thus be reduced to the desired diameter. These facilities will also be described in more detail later.

A displacement device 93 or 94 is provided adjacent to each pressing device in the cycle interval, the displacement device 93 ensuring that a workpiece machined in a first stage by extrusion after the following cycle step has been moved again so far in the axial direction that the induction coil of a resonant circuit is assigned to an oscillating circuit Heating device can be moved over it again. The displacement device 94, on the other hand, is at the end of the extrusion process and completely pushes the workpiece out of its holder, which will be described below, into the workpiece receiving bushing 76 of a workpiece converter 53, which will be described in more detail below. This translates the workpiece, which now moves from the means 27 in the region of the compression unit cyclical forward movement of the workpieces 20 is taken over. For this purpose, a loading device 95 is provided which axially pushes the workpiece 20 out of the workpiece receiving bush 76 and axially inserts it into the finished form die 24 of the means 27 for cyclical forward movement until the workpiece strikes with its axial end face against a stop 96, which in a corresponding manner Arrangement on the support structure 72 is provided.

The pivot bearing 78 for the workpiece converter 53 is shown in the correct arrangement in FIGS. 3 and 6 (as well as in FIGS. 4 and 5), but is shown in an offset position in FIG. 2 for the sake of illustration. In addition, the pivot bearing 78 is arranged in the support structure 72 in FIG. 2, while it is arranged in the support structure 71 in accordance with FIG. Both embodiments can be carried out without problems. Because of the hydraulic connection, however, an arrangement according to FIG. 3 is preferred.

If the workpiece has now arrived in the region of the compression unit in the manner described, it is now heated there in its undeformed region by assigned means 28 for heating to the desired extent while continuing to cycle. During the cycle, the workpiece arrives in the cycle position to which a striker station SZ 3 with a striker 44 with an associated striker drive 46 is assigned in a stationary arrangement. There the first deformation of the workpiece head or plate is carried out and then the workpiece is clocked further and reheated to the necessary extent during the subsequent cycle stations. It then reaches a further cycle station, to which a further striking station SZ 4 is assigned in a stationary manner. The striking head 45 with the striking head drive 47 is assigned to this further striking station SZ 4. In this station the head or plate of the workpiece is finished molded by Döpper 45. The workpiece subsequently reaches the unloading station and is removed there by an unloading device PZ 4.
The striking stations SZ 3 and SZ 4, which are arranged in the support frame 71, are arranged opposite the push-out devices AZ 3 and AZ 4 in the support frame 72. These serve to axially move the workpiece again after an upsetting process to such an extent that the heating device can reheat the formed head in the necessary manner or that the unloading device can grip the workpiece for unloading. In addition, the push-out device AZ 3, which is assigned to the first striking station SZ 3, can also act as an axial stop for the workpiece during the forming process serve so that the workpiece is not undesirably pressed into the finished form die 4 during the first forming step, so that a complete head could no longer be formed due to the undesired axial displacement of the workpiece and, in addition, a shaft that was too long would result.

While, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 6, an induction circuit SK is assigned to each induction coil, the individual oscillation circuits being combined to form group 69 of oscillation circuits, each of which forms a means of heating, this group 69 being independent of each other such a group is axially movable, according to the embodiment of FIGS. 4 and 5, individual induction coils, each with a separate resonant circuit, are no longer provided, but rather a so-called for several cycle stations located one behind the other. Tunnel coil provided with a single assigned and correspondingly larger resonant circuit SKE. In principle, however, this makes no difference.

The forces occurring during the extrusion process and upsetting process are each transmitted from the associated devices to the supporting structures 71 and 72, which are therefore connected to one another in the same direction via tie rods 73, so that a force short-circuit is thereby created. The machine bed itself therefore does not have to absorb any forces resulting from the extrusion process or the upsetting process.

The schematic sequence is shown again in FIG. 15. At the input station 1, the workpiece is inserted and is clocked further by the support device 34 in the direction of the arrow and is heated in the tunnel coils of the resonant circuits SKE and reaches the area of the extrusion die 23 during the clocking, of which carrier 48 two pieces are provided, which are used alternately. A first extrusion process is carried out on the extrusion die 23 and subsequently the workpieces are clocked again and further heated in the following tunnel coils of the resonant circuits indicated below until they are moved by one Extrusion die 23ʹ of the carrier 49 are taken over. A second extrusion step is then carried out there, whereupon the workpieces are taken over by the workpiece converter 53 and reach the area of the rotating and clocking carrying device 43 and are taken over by the latter. They are then clocked further in the direction of the arrow, which is not specified there, and are also heated to the necessary extent in tunnel coils by resonant circuit devices until they are subjected to a first deformation in the previously deformed part SZ 3 in the previously deformed part. Then, if necessary, they are reheated again and finished in the die station SZ 4, after which they are removed from the dispensing station 18..

The basic elements of an extrusion unit are shown again in FIG. 18 in a schematic arrangement in section to illustrate the extrusion process. Stamp guide bushings 36 are arranged in a guide device 32, which essentially consists of a support device 34, which is rotatable about an axis, not shown. Both the carrying device 34 and the punch guide bushings 36 are also shown in FIG. 1. The carrying device 34 can also be seen in FIGS. 3 and 6.
The punch guide bushes 36 are each arranged at intervals of one another in the support device 34 parallel to their axis of rotation and parallel to one another and have an axial through bore which has a diameter at the front end such that a workpiece 20 fits exactly into it. This hole is expanded in the rear area. A workpiece 20 is inserted into this unspecified bore, which corresponds to the work station 1 in FIG. During the further clocking, the workpiece 20 is then heated in the heat zone 40 by means 28 for heating the workpiece. The means 28 are symbolized in FIG. 18 by the induction coils. The entire FIG. 18 shows the complete extrusion device 29 in a two-stage design, as can also be seen in FIG. 1. After the workpiece 20 has been heated up in the desired area, the carrier 48 is moved axially with an extrusion die 23 until the extrusion die 23 and the end face of one Stamp guide bush 36 have come to rest against each other. Opposite, the piston rod of the support cylinder AZ 1.1 is then extended until it rests on the rear of the extrusion die 23 or on corresponding intermediate pieces, so that the extrusion force can be absorbed completely. This relieves the carrier 48.

An extrusion die 54 (the components in question are all shown in FIG. 1) is then moved into the die guide bushing 36 by the pressing device 31 and the workpiece 20 is pressed by this extrusion die 54 through the extrusion die 23 until a sufficiently long shaft has formed with a smaller diameter. Then an ejector 100, which is arranged opposite the workpiece 20 and the press ram 54, moves into the ejection position shown on the right in FIG. 18, whereupon the extrusion ram 54 retracts, followed by the ejector 100 actuated by a hydraulic cylinder (not yet described here), so that the workpiece 20 is clamped between the extrusion die 54 and the ejector 100. If the workpiece 20 has left the extrusion die 23 as a result of this ejection process, the ejector 100 is moved back into the starting position by means of its actuating cylinder AZ 1.2. The same applies to the piston rod of the support cylinder AZ 1.1 and for the extrusion die 23 with the carrier 48. The support device 34 can now cycle one station further, whereupon an ejector A 11 pushes the workpiece 20 axially out of the punch guide bush 36 again so that reheating is possible via the device 28. The workpiece continues to cycle to the arm 49 with the extrusion die 23ʹ and is finished there in the manner just described in a second stage by an extrusion process in the region of the shaft. It is now, as already described for the ejector 100, pushed back by the ejector 101 into the stamp guide bushing 36 so that it can continue to be clocked for takeover by the workpiece converter 53. For this purpose, the workpiece is again pushed out of the stamp guide bushing 36 by means of the pusher A 18 pushed into the workpiece receiving socket 76 of the workpiece converter 53. This is then in the pivot bearing 78 around its axis of rotation 77 Pivoted 180 ° so that the workpiece now faces a loading device 95 (see also FIG. 2) and can be ejected axially by the loading device 95 into a finished form die 24 which is carried by a carrying device 43. In this case, the carrying device 43 again carries a corresponding number of such finished-form dies 24 arranged in the circumferential direction with respect to one another.

The construction of a corresponding machine can essentially be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2. The support frames 71 and 72 already described are, as can be seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, provided in an opposing arrangement and are essentially constructed from plates 83 and 84 or 81 and 82, which are arranged at a distance from one another and each through a circumferential web 85 and 86 are kept at a distance and stabilized. The parts mentioned can be welded together. In the support frame 71, an axis of rotation 55 is rotatably supported in the usual manner and connected at the rear end to a roller star gear 102, so that the axis of rotation 55 can be driven discontinuously via this roller star gear 102, that is to say in the desired cycle steps. The oil motor HMO.1 provides the necessary drive

In the area between the two support frames 71 and 72, the axis of rotation 55 carries at its corresponding protruding end the support device 34 which is designed as a circular disk and which has uniformly distributed punch guide bushings 36 in the outer region of the circumference, as has already been described for FIG. In Figure 1, these stamp guide bushes are shown in development and are also too close together with regard to the drawing format. The correct distance and thus the cycle distance must be so large that a cycle step corresponds to the center distance between the extrusion die 54 and the pusher A 11.
A press device 31 with an actuating device SZ 1.1 and a further press device 31 with an actuating device SZ 2.1 are also arranged in the support frame 71. These devices are arranged in such a position that their assigned Press ram 54 or P 17 can move into the punch guide bushes 36 in an assigned cycle position.

The shifting devices 93 and 94 with their actuating devices SZ 1.2 and SZ 2.2 are assigned to the above-mentioned actuating devices in the cycle spacing.

Laterally offset in the direction described, the support frame 71 has a loading device 95 and subsequently, in exemplary embodiment 4, in some cases different groups of heating devices 28. Each of these groups has its own traversing motor SM 5-8. With these traversing motors, it is possible to assign the respective one Group 69 of resonant circuits SK to move axially, so that the coils of the resonant circuits for heating a workpiece 20 can be moved accordingly. For example, with the traversing motor S 5 resonant circuit SK 5.1 to resonant circuit SK 5.4. With the traversing motor SM 8 e.g. Oscillating circuit SK 8.1 to oscillating circuit SK 8.3 can be moved. Here too, the coils of the resonant circuits must of course be arranged so that they are assigned to the cycle stations of the workpieces.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, a striking station SZ 3 or SZ 4 is arranged between the heating devices with the traversing motors SM 7 and SM 8 on the one hand and behind the device with the traversing motor SM 8 on the other hand, the hydraulic cylinders 65 and 66 of the striking drives 46 and 47 are welded into the support structure 71. This makes a further contribution to the stability of this supporting structure. The hydraulic cylinders 65 and 66 have piston rods 67 and 68 with associated pistons (not designated in any more detail), the ends of the piston rod lying between the support frames 71 and 72 carrying strikers 44 and 45, respectively. These strikers 44 and 45 are received and centered on the outer cone of corresponding inner cones of the piston rods 67 and 68 and of lengthways through the entire piston rods 67 and 68, which are known as so-called. double piston rods are executed, guided tightening spindles 91 and 92, respectively. The tightening spindles 91 and 92 have a water channel on its outer End is connected to an unspecified water supply. This water serves as cooling water for the strikers and is discharged through them and through the hollow piston rod 67 and 68 around the tightening spindles 91 and 92, respectively.

A discharge device PZ 4 is still attached to the support frame 71 by approximately one cycle distance from the striking station SZ 4.

When describing the parts carried by the support structure 72, they started again in the area of the extrusion unit.
Several groups of heating devices 28 are also provided in the area of the extrusion unit, of which each group is equipped with a travel drive SM 1-4 and can be moved axially along a workpiece axis by means of this travel drive, so that assigned induction coils have a corresponding travel path. The corresponding coils can be excited via individually assigned resonant circuits. These in turn are grouped together. For example, the group of resonant circuits SK 1.1 to SK 1.4 can be moved by the SM 1 traversing motor. For example, the group of oscillating circuits SK 4.1 to SK 4.3 can be moved together by the SM 4 traversing motor. At a suitable point between these heating devices, a traversing drive RZ 1 for a carrier 48 is arranged, the hydraulic cylinder 103 of which is welded into the supporting frame 72. The piston rod assigned to the hydraulic cylinder 103 is designed as a pivot axis 79, one end of which carries the carrier 48 and the double part of which is connected on the outside to a movement drive 50 for a rotary movement in the form of a roller star gear. An HM 1 oil motor provides the necessary drive.

At a suitable distance from the travel drive RZ 1, a further travel drive RZ 2 is provided in the same way, which shows the structure already described for the RZ 1. Here, too, the associated hydraulic cylinder 104 is welded into the support frame 72 and the double piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 104 is designed as a pivot axis 80, the outer projecting end of which is also connected to a movement drive 51 in the form of a roller star gear, which in turn is driven by the HM 2 oil motor. A carrier 49 is also actuated by the pivot axis 80. The carriers 48 and 49 each have two extrusion dies 22 and 23ʹ, which are used alternately for each carrier, so that an extrusion die can cool down while the other extrusion die is working. An associated extrusion die 23 or 23ʹ is brought into the working position by the respective pivoting movement of the carrier 48 or 49. According to FIG. 1, this is the cycle station 10 or 17. In this case, a workpiece 20 inserted in station 1 and heated in stations 2 to 9 in the end region 19 to the necessary extent is subjected to a first stage of an extrusion operation in work station 10. The second and last extrusion operation then takes place in station 17 after the workpiece in stations 11 to 18 has been reheated to the necessary extent in end region 19. The workpiece is then transferred to the workpiece converter 53 in the station 18. As a result, the workpiece 20 is conveyed from the extrusion unit into the compression unit.

During the extrusion process, the carriers 48 and 49 must of course be kept free of the bending load by the extrusion process since they could not take up such a bending load. Corresponding supporting cylinders AZ 1.1 and AZ 2.1 are assigned to the extrusion stations 10 and 17, the cylinder housings 89 and 90 of which are also welded into the supporting frame 72. The ejection cylinders AZ 1.2 and AZ 2.2 with their ejectors 100 and 101 are coaxially housed in the hollow piston rod 105 and 106. These support cylinders AZ 1.1 and AZ 2.1 serve in a manner to be described to generate a counterforce to the extrusion force. The coaxially arranged ejectors push the workpiece out after the respective extrusion process has been carried out.

Between the area of the extrusion unit and the upsetting unit, the workpiece converter 53 (see FIG. 2) is welded into the supporting frame 72 with the rotary bearing 78, which is also discontinuously drivable again via a roller star gear 107, the roller star gear being driven by an HM 3 oil motor.

Arranged in front of the workpiece converter 53, however, is an axially acting stop 96, which is arranged opposite the loading device 95 just described. By means of a pivoting movement of the workpiece converter 53, an associated workpiece receiving bushing can be moved between the loading device 95 and the stop 96, so that the loading device 95 can push out a workpiece located in the workpiece receiving bushing 76 until it is inserted into an assigned finished-form die 24 and against the axially acting stop 96 drove. The workpiece 20 has then reached the correct axial position for the next cycle step.

The finished mold 24 just mentioned is arranged together with seventeen further finished molds of the same type in the circumferential direction on a disk-shaped support device 43 in each case at intervals of one another. This disk-shaped support device 43 is detachably arranged on an axis of rotation 56, which is rotatably mounted in a bearing designed in the usual way. However, it must be ensured that the axis of rotation 56 and with it the support device 43 can be moved axially in the rotary bearing by a small amount. This can e.g. can be achieved by using a plate spring 108, which allows a corresponding axial travel and, after relieving force, cancels this axial travel. Here, too, the axis of rotation 56 is connected at its rear end to a roller star gear 109, which in turn can be driven by an HM 0.2 oil motor. At its rear end, the axis of rotation 56 has a water supply 110, with which the water is guided centrally through the axis of rotation 56 and passed through the support device 43 for cooling the finished-form dies 24 via the corresponding cooling channels 111. The return water is also returned via the water supply 110 dissipated.

In the arrangement described, the support device 43 is now located in the space between the support frames 71 and 72, the finished form dies 24 being arranged in such a way that they are used on the side of the support device 43 opposite the anvils 44 and 45 can. In this case, the finished-form dies 24 are supported on a shaft guide part 112 arranged behind them, which is held in the support device 43 by means of an attachment (not shown in more detail). The respective finished form die 24 with shaft guide part 112 can be held in the axial position by a retaining ring 113 (only shown in FIG. 18).

As already described, the ejection devices AZ 3 and AZ 4 are assigned to the striking stations SZ 3, SZ 4 opposite in the support structure 72, the hydraulic cylinders 63 and 64 of which are also welded into the support structure 72. Here, the push-out device AZ 3 has a push-out 61 designed as a piston rod with a piston, and the push-out device AZ 4 has a push-out device designed as a piston rod with a piston. Each push-out device AZ 3 and AZ can be located between the rear 115 of the carrying device 43 and the front of the plate 82 4 an intermediate piece 14 can be assigned, which is shown in FIG. 2 for simplicity only for the push-out device AZ 3. This intermediate piece 114 is intended to transmit the force of the striker occurring during the upsetting process to the supporting structure 72, so that the supporting device 43 is largely relieved of a corresponding bending force. It is only necessary to absorb a bending force that is generated by the plate spring 108.

In the arrangement described, the axes of rotation 55 and 56 are thus laterally offset from one another in the opposing support frames 71 and 72, respectively, and carry a support device 34 for the punch guide bushings 36 and a support device 43 for the finished-form dies 24 at their inner ends the two support devices are arranged at a distance 70 (FIG. 6) from one another. The distance 70 must be sufficiently large to enable workpiece transfer by means of the workpiece transfer device 53.

For loading the device, a feed device 116 is also provided with the insertion cylinder PZ 2 and a workpiece magazine (not described in more detail) with the separating cylinder PZ 1 with an assigned separating device. The basic structure such feed devices is known per se and is not the subject of the invention.

All the valves and switching element assemblies necessary for the operation of the device, insofar as they control the oil flow and do not only determine the pressure of the hydraulic oil, are arranged below the cover plate 74 in the machine stand 99 designed as a hydraulic container, as indicated in FIG. 19. All supply and discharge lines are therefore drilled through the plate 74 and then passed through the plates 81 and 82 or 83 and 84 to the respective consumers. The same connection designations symbolize connections that belong together. In this way, difficult piping and hose connections which take up space can be saved, as a result of which the hydraulics used here can also be made extremely rigid. This is advantageous because such machines operate at maximum pressures, ie pressures from 400 to 600 bar. In such a high pressure range, every pipe bend and hose ensures elastic behavior of the hydraulic column. However, this elastic behavior is undesirable.
The necessary electrical installation can be accommodated on columns 117 above the entire device in the control cabinet 118. The necessary cabling to the switching elements accommodated in the machine stand 99 can be laid in these columns 117.

According to the previous description, the extrusion unit, on the one hand, and the compression unit, on the other hand, formed a single machine as a unit. However, as can be seen from FIGS. 8 to 14, such a device can also be separated into an independent extrusion unit and into an independent compression unit. This is easily possible because both units can work completely independently and are only connected to one another in their cycle sequence. A structural unit in the manner described so far is therefore not absolutely necessary. However, if the unit is abandoned, the simple workpiece converter 53 previously used can no longer be used, but such a workpiece converter of a suitable design must be provided as a link between the two independent units. Here it may well be an intermediate magazine. For reasons of energy saving, however, it is advisable to choose the conveying paths between the two units as short as possible or to design them in such a way that as little workpiece heat as possible is lost during the conveying process from one unit to the other unit. The separation of the two units can, however, offer advantages if there are particular space difficulties when classifying them into existing production lines. However, since the individual units can remain unchanged per se, a separate description of FIGS. 8 to 14 is unnecessary. In the figures mentioned, the reference numerals of the most important assemblies are entered in accordance with the drawings described so far. Only the electrical control cabinets, in deviation from the previous designation, have the designation 118 Bezeichnung or 118ʺ and the assigned supporting columns have the designation 117ʹ or 117ʺ.

The representation according to FIGS. 8 to 14 can, however, be used to describe another system for the movement of the extrusion dies 23 or 23ʹ. While according to the previous description, the extrusion dies 23 and 23 angeordnet were arranged on a pivotable support 48 and 49, they should now be arranged on a cross-shaped support device 39 and 39ʹ, which is discontinuous in the manner of a turret about the axis of rotation 57 or 58 is movable. For this purpose, a corresponding roller star gear can again be provided. In this way it is possible to provide more than two extrusion dies 23 and 23ʹ, whereby the individual extrusion die has a longer period of time for cooling. In this way, it is possible to avoid special cooling devices for the extrusion dies in the case of highly loaded dies. In the case of a rotatable turret head as the carrier of the extrusion dies, this carrier can in principle carry any number of extrusion dies. In the individual representations, the supply and discharge of the workpieces as well as the cycle direction are indicated by corresponding arrows.

Figures 16 and 17 show a simplified variant of the device described so far, in which a workpiece transfer can be completely dispensed with. Separate extrusion dies are no longer required. However, the rest of the structure is essentially as previously described. The deviations from the simplified embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 16 and 17.

The simplified method is shown schematically in FIG. 17. An extrusion device 30 contains a support device 35 designed as a rotatable disc, in which 35 punch guide bushes 37 are arranged displaceably parallel to the axis of rotation of the support device. For this purpose, the punch guide bushes 37 can essentially be designed as a piston rod with a fixed piston 119. The support device 35, which is designed as a rotatable disk, can be provided at a distance opposite, another support device designed as a rotatable disk, the associated axes of rotation 59 and 60 (FIG. 16). run parallel to each other but laterally offset. In the support device 35 designed as a guide device 33 for the stamp guide bushes 37, the stamp guide bushes are arranged in the circumferential direction at intervals of one another. In the carrying device 38, finished form dies 25 are provided at the same cycle distance from one another in the circumferential direction, which can be supported in the manner already described on a shaft guide part 112 and can be held by a retaining ring 113.

The arrangement described ensures, as can easily be seen in FIG. 16, that when the carrying devices 35 and 38 are rotated in cycles, a punch guide bush 37 is always opposite a finished form die 25 in the overlap region. A workpiece 20 can therefore be entered at the input station 1 in front of the overlap area and clocked from the overlap area in cycles, for example by a tunnel coil of an associated heating device, with a high-frequency resonant circuit and thereby heated. Now comes this workpiece 20, which is in a corresponding axial arrangement in the punch guide bush 37, in overlap area, the stamp guide bushing 37 is extended so far that it comes into contact with the profile surface of the finished form die 25. The extrusion die 54 already described is then advanced and the finished-form die 25 is used as an extrusion die. Here, the extrusion die 54 with its thicker diameter area is guided in the corresponding cylindrical area of the punch guide bushing 37, so that the buckling length of the smaller diameter area, the actual extrusion die, can be minimized. Once the extrusion process has been carried out and the necessary and desired shaft length has been generated, the punch guide bush 37 is first withdrawn while the extrusion punch 54 is still standing. This prevents the workpiece 20 from being dragged along by the retracting punch guide bush 37. Only when the punch guide bush has left the workpiece is the extrusion die 54 also retracted and it can now be seen that an undeformed region 21 of the workpiece 20 remains. The workpiece can now be advanced axially somewhat from the previously described ejector so that it can be reheated by the heating device 28. If necessary, the entire non-deformed area or a part of this area can be regarded as a heat zone 40 (FIG. 2), within which a heating zone 41 (FIG. 2), which is essentially limited by the range of action of the induction coil, in the desired manner, for example, back and forth, as indicated by arrow 42 in Figure 2, so that the undeformed area 21 is heated in the necessary manner for subsequent deformation by a striker 44. It can now be clocked further and the head of the workpiece can be produced by means of the striker 45 in the manner already described, and separate workpiece converters are completely eliminated. Since each extrusion process is carried out with a different pre-form die, there is also no need to fear thermal overload of these pre-form dies working as extrusion dies.

In addition, the workflow of a device in the design of FIGS. 1 and 2 will now be described in a summary below.

For example, ground workpiece blanks 20 are bunkered in the magazine of the feed device 116. These workpiece blanks have already been cut to a suitable length. To separate these workpieces, the separating cylinder PZ 1 is actuated, so that the not shown groove roller in the magazine throws a workpiece blank 20 into a guide prism, also not specified. A proximity initiator I 1.2 is arranged in the guide prism, which reports the presence of the workpiece blank 20 in the guide prism. The separating cylinder PZ 1 then moves back to its starting position and the insertion cylinder PZ 2 is ready for insertion. The cylinder PZ 2 now advances, as a result of which the blank is inserted into the punch guide bush 36 of the carrying device 34 in the region of the work station 1 according to FIG. 1. The stroke of the cylinder PZ 2 determines the insertion depth. A pivoting lever 120 is swung out sideways by the retracting blank and thereby actuates a further proximity initiator I 1.4, as a result of which the insertion is reported. The cylinder PZ 2 then moves back to its starting position, as a result of which the proximity initiator I 1.3 reports that the return has been carried out. The facility is now free to cycle. Here, all systems are in their initial position as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The HM 0.1 oil motor, which is driven by the potential P 0.2, is now switched on for clocking. It is controlled by the initiator I 0.1 so that it makes one revolution. For this purpose, this proximity initiator works together with a machine control (not described in more detail) in such a way that the oil motor HM 0.1 is operated until the proximity initiator moves from the switched position to the switched position via the unswitched position. When the switched position is reached, the device is stopped again. A new clock pulse must then be given to restart. The aforementioned rotary movement adjusts the support device 34 by one cycle step via a roller star gear as a discontinuous gear. The blank is thus transported to work station 2. The work station 2 is the heating point of the high-frequency generator 1.1, which, via its adapted resonant circuit SK 1.1, in the necessary way transmits energy for heating the workpiece. The resonant circuit is together with the Oscillating circuits SK 1.2, SK 1.3 and SK 1.4 arranged as a group in the manner already described on a common carrier, which is shifted with the already mentioned traversing drive SM 1, which is designed as a stepper motor, in such a way that the necessary resonance circuits from the above-mentioned oscillating circuits Energy is transferred to the workpieces. The basic position of the named carriers is characterized by the initiator ISM 1. Step frequency, step count, step direction and switching the high-frequency energy on and off enable the workpiece blanks to be heated, which can generate different temperatures over the heating range. Here, the desired warming takes place with the progressing cycle steps. Thus, preheating takes place in position range 2 to 5 and post-heating in position range 6 to 9 by means of resonant circuits SK 2.1 to SK 2.4 of the corresponding high-frequency generators 2.1 to 2.4. Passing through a single position range means a cycle.

In working position 10, the first forming follows by extrusion. Here, extrusion dies 23 and 23ʹ can be accommodated as tool inserts either on the already described carrier 48 or 49 or on the previously described turret head with four or more positions (see FIG. 9). For each cycle of the support device 34, the tool set changes so that a different one takes its place, so that the tool set previously used can cool down. Here, the switching takes place, starting from a basic position in which the initiator IRZ 1 and the initiator IAZ 1.1 are switched. The necessary rotary movement is generated here by the hydraulic motor AM 1 with the connected roller star gear 50, controlled by the initiator IHM 1.

By actuating the traversing drive RZ 1 (for this purpose the potential PRZ 1 is set to the potential P0.1), the pivot axis 79 is extended axially and the extrusion bushing 23 is thereby centered with the punch guide bushing 36. Because the potential PAZ 1.1 is set to the potential P0.2, the support cylinder AZ 1.1 is also activated, as a result of which the extrusion sleeve 23 is also centered.

The support cylinder mentioned presses simultaneously on the extrusion die 23 on the punch guide bush 36. The support cylinder AZ 1.1 remains in this position even when a large force is exerted against this cylinder. This is because the potential PAZ 1.1 can rise accordingly, since a backflow is prevented by a controllable non-return system. During the forward movement of the cylinders RZ 1 and AZ 1.1, the actuating device SZ 1.1 moves into the position ISZ 1.2. For this purpose, the cylinder of this actuating device is controlled by an axial piston pump with quantity setting using a proportional magnet and by a predetermined pressure cut-off (see FIG. 19). Said pump guides said cylinder only in the forward movement, otherwise the pressure connection of the pump is connected to the tank. In position ISZ 1.2, the delivery rate of the pump mentioned is specified for the extrusion operation. This determines the extrusion speed. If the work is now carried out, the cylinder of the actuating device SZ 1.1 is driven on by an axial piston pump until the position ISZ 1.1 is reached. The device SZ 1.1 can be continued at a constantly changing speed. However, if position ISZ 1.1 is reached, an internal stop of the cylinder is reached, whereby the pressure cut-off of the assigned pump is effective until the cylinder return is initiated after the setpoint time has expired. A brief pause of the device in the end position described is required in order to end the extrusion process with the correct result. The actuating device SZ 1.1 can then only be retracted with the bias potential P0.1. The potential PSZ 1.1 is then equal to the tank potential.
With the initiation of the retracting movement of the actuating device SZ 1.1, the traversing drive RZ 1 and the support cylinder AZ 1.1 are also retracted in that the potentials PRZ 1 and PAZ 1.1 are placed on the tank, so that corresponding cylinders can be retracted by the potential P0.1. During the return of the support cylinder AZ 1.1, the coaxially installed ejection cylinder AZ 1.2 is actuated in that the potential PAZ 1.2 is switched to the potential P0.2, that is to say corresponds to this. This extends the cylinder and it this also extends the ejector 100. As a result, the workpiece 20 is pushed back into the punch guide bush 36. If the basic positions IAZ 1.1 and IRZ 1 are then reached by the assigned components, the ejection cylinder AZ 1.2 is also retracted by switching the potential PAZ 1.2 to the tank. If the actuating device SZ 1.1 has also reached its basic position ISZ 1.3, the cycle can be repeated.

In the working positions 11 to 13, the resonant circuits SK 3 are arranged, which can be moved in the desired manner in a controlled manner via the traversing motor SM 3. These SK 3 resonant circuits take over the further preheating. The actuating device SZ 1.2 axially pushes the workpiece 20 into the correct position in the working position 11. For this purpose the potential PSZ 1.2 is switched equal to the potential P0.2. As a result, the cylinder moves from position ISZ 1.5 to position ISZ 1.4 and thus to a fixed stop. The potential PSZ 1.2 is then placed on the tank so that the cylinder can be retracted from potential P01.

In the working positions 14 to 16, the resonant circuits SK 4 are arranged for the final heating. These are moved in the desired manner by the SM 4 travel motor. In the basic position, the device is in position SM 4. The following extrusion station is constructed like the one already described and is operated in the same way. Here, however, the actuating device SZ 2.2 pushes the workpiece in the work station 18 in the manner already described into the workpiece receiving bush 76 of a workpiece converter 53 which transports the workpiece into the compression unit of the overall device. This unit is also equipped with a roller star gear as a discontinuity gear which is driven by the oil motor HM 3 and queried in its position by the initiator IHM 3 and controlled via the machine control (not shown in more detail). The workpiece is now in the axially correct position in the first station 1ʹ and thus in the finished form die 24. This has been ensured by the insertion cylinder PZ 3, which for this purpose moves to the proximity initiator I 1.5 and is then retracted backwards beyond the position of the proximity initiator ators I 1.6, which confirms that the return has been completed. The first cycle step into the working position 2ʹ can now be carried out in the manner already described. During the further cycle, the workpieces 20 are preheated in the undeformed area 21 up to and including the work station 11ʹ in each cycle station in the manner already described by corresponding actuation of the motors SM 5 to SM 7. In the next cycle, as previously described, this previously undeformed area 21 of the workpiece 20 is deformed by the striker 44. For this purpose, the striker drive 46 is activated by corresponding actuation of the associated hydraulic device, which can be easily extracted from the hydraulic diagram in FIG. 19 using the corresponding designations can drive in the working direction, whereby the initiator ISZ 3.3 confirms that work has started. The gap can now be traversed to the initiator ISZ 3.2 in rapid traverse. In this position, the work movement that is carried out up to the initiator ISZ 3.1 begins. Between the two last-mentioned initiators, the travel speed and the travel force can be controlled via corresponding control devices 52 (FIG. 19). In the work station 12ʹ during the first forming process by the striker 44, the push-out device AZ 3 can be actuated in the manner already described, so that the push-out member 61 serves as a counter-holder in its retracted position. The potential PAZ 3 must therefore be lower than the potential P01. After the first forming step, the potential PAZ 3 is switched so that it is higher than the potential P01, so that the pusher 61 extends and axially displaces the workpiece 20 so that the resonant circuit SK 8.1 to SK 8.3 in the subsequent cycle stations 13ʹ to 15ʹ can effectively reheat the corresponding workpiece area. For the processing by the striker 45 in the work station 16ʹ a counterhold is no longer required. The deformation of the head that has already taken place is large enough to hold the workpiece securely in the correct axial position. The travel of the striker 45 is controlled in the manner already described by the initiators SZ 4.3, 4.2 and 4.1. After the head 22 has been deformed, the unloading device PZ 4 is actuated and the finished workpiece is unloaded into a position as shown in FIG. How unloading works direction and the structure of the unloading device is not the subject of the invention. The mode of operation is readily apparent from the illustration in FIG. 2 in conjunction with the hydraulic plan according to FIG. 19, so that a detailed description of the functional sequence and the structure is unnecessary.

It must finally be pointed out that in the machine stand 99, as indicated in Figure 19, a lifting system, operated by the hydraulic motor HM 03, is housed, with which the entire cover plate 74 with all the structures attached to it can be raised, so that the hydraulic Components and controls become accessible. In the machine stand 99, an oil cooler is also provided for the hydraulic oil, which cooler lowers the oil temperature by means of heat dissipation by water.

The valve group shown in FIG. 19 with the actuating magnets Y 15, Y 25, Y 35, Y 45 is also of great importance. These are switched in order to avoid a relaxation shock in the high pressure potentials P1-P4.

FIGS. 17A and 18A show representations similar to those in FIGS. 17 and 18. However, in FIGS. 17A and 18A, a design of the compression unit that is different from the first-mentioned figures is used.

According to the previous description, at least two strikers were used at two different stations for the production of the finished shape of the valve head 22. This process is now to take place at a station with compression elements arranged coaxially to one another, as is shown schematically in FIGS. 17A and 18A. The overall upsetting unit as used in FIGS. 17A and 18A is shown in longitudinal section in FIG.

In the compression unit according to FIG. 20, a hollow piston rod 124 carries an annular piston 122 as the first compression element at its outer free end. In the annular piston 122 there is a second compression element Press ram 123 guided axially displaceable coaxially to the annular piston 122. The plunger 123 is arranged interchangeably on a piston rod 125, the piston rod 125 being arranged coaxially with the piston rod 124 and axially displaceable therein. The piston rod 124 is axially displaceably guided in an actuating cylinder 126 and has the piston 135 at the inner end. Here, the piston rod 124 is guided on the one hand by a stationary stop sleeve 136 which has an inner stop 130 and on the other hand by a sleeve which forms an adjustable stop 128 and is displaceable in the cylinder 126. The adjustable stop 128 can rest on the one hand with an unspecified ring collar on an inner stop 129 and on the other hand against the stop 130 of the stop sleeve 136. At the other end of the adjustable stop 128, the piston 135 can come to rest. As a result, the piston 135 and thus the annular piston 122 can be moved into two axially clearly defined positions.

In the axial extension of the cylinder 126 and coaxially to this, a further actuating cylinder 127 is arranged, which is separated from the actuating cylinder 126 by the cylinder head 137. The piston rod 125 is inserted through the cylinder head 137 into the actuating cylinder 127 and has the piston 138 there. The actuating cylinder 127 is in turn covered by the cylinder head 139. A further piston rod 140 connected to the piston 138 can be guided through the cylinder head 139 and can be used to measure the axial position of the piston 138 and thus of the ram 123. The actuating cylinder 126 and the parts connected to it are arranged in a support frame 141 which is connected to a cover plate 134, which corresponds, for example, to the cover plate 74 already described.

On the cover plate 134 a support device 43ʹ is further arranged, in which a support plate 142 is rotatably mounted. The axis of rotation 143 of the support plate 142 runs parallel to the direction of displacement of the piston rods 124 and 125. At least two finished-form dies 24ʹ are arranged on the support plate 142, both of which are provided with a cooling water supply. and removal 144 are connected. The support plate 142 is connected to a rotary drive 145 and can be moved into and locked in certain rotational angle positions by means of an indexing device 146. This makes it possible to bring a pre-formed die 24ʹ into a position directly below the annular piston 122 with a press ram 123, while the further pre-formed die 24 Position is in position for the introduction of a workpiece, an area 21 of the workpiece which has not yet been deformed then being similar to that already described by an inductive heating device 133 can be heated with the coil 28 in the desired manner.

In the upset position, the finished form die 24ʹ is assigned a stop device 147 on the back, which can also work as an ejector.

A device according to FIG. 20 is only indicated in FIGS. 17A and 18A. In FIG. 17A, illustration I shows the annular piston 122 extended into the first position with the piston rod 124. In this position, the piston 135 (FIG. 20) lies against the inner adjustable stop 128. This adjustable stop 128, for its part, rests on the stop 129 with the ring collar (not shown). During the downward stroke, the piston rod 125 has been dragged along with the press ram 123. If position I is reached, the piston rod 124 remains at rest, while the piston rod 125 continues to advance until the inner stop surfaces 148 and 149 arranged on the end face have come into mutual contact. The end face of the ram 123 then ends flush with the end face of the annular piston 122 (position II according to FIG. 17A). The balloon 121 is then formed on the workpiece. This position is also shown in Figure 18A. When position II according to FIG. 17A has been reached, both the annular piston 122 and the press ram 123 are moved further downward together while maintaining their relative position to one another until they rest on the free end face of the finished-form die. Here, the balloon 121 is pressed completely into the finished form die and forms the finished valve head 22 in the end position of the annular piston 122 and the press ram 123. When this is achieved, the annular piston 122 and the Press die 123 retracted to its starting position, as indicated by illustration III in FIG. 17A. The workpiece can now be removed.

It should be expressly pointed out that positions I, II and III according to FIG. 17A represent one and the same clock position. The described different work steps are carried out in this single cycle position.

To carry out the various movements of the piston rods and pistons, a control device 52ʹ is provided, which can be integrated into the entire hydraulic system. These are standard motor-pump systems with commercially available valves. The detailed structure therefore does not have to be described and can rather be easily recognized from the following description of the oil flows.

In order to move piston 138 and piston 135 to the rear starting position, the pressure connection pI and pA is relieved and the pressure connection pD and pB is acted upon. With the pressure on pB, the adjustable stop 128, designed as a sleeve, is moved against the stop 129, so that the stop 130 becomes free. When pD is applied, the piston 135 is moved to the left end position. The hydraulic oil in front of the piston can flow out via line pA. However, the oil flowing in via the connection pD also enters the line 150 and from there into the space 151. Via the space 151, the oil reaches the cylinder space 154 via the connection 152 and the line 153 and thus drives the piston 138 to the left. The oil to the left of the piston 138 can flow out via the connection pI. However, the connections pD and pB do not require their own connection to a hydraulic pump. Rather, it is sufficient if the connections are connected to one or more pressure accumulators 156 via a valve unit 155. This becomes clear in the following description of the reverse travel direction of the pistons 138 and 135. If the pistons 138 and 135 are to be moved to the right in the illustration according to FIG. 20, the valve unit 155 associated with the connection pD is first opened to the associated pressure accumulator 156. Then they too Connections pI and pA are pressurized by the control device 52ʹ, the connection pI initially being pressurized with a very low pressure. As a result, the piston 138 moves to the right and displaces the oil located to the right of the piston 135 via the connection pD through the associated valve unit 155 into the associated pressure accumulator 156. At the same time, the piston rod 125 and thus the piston 138 are dragged along so that the oil in the cylinder chamber 154 is also pushed back via the line 153, the connection 152, the chamber 151 and the line 150. This movement is maintained until the piston 135 comes to bear on the adjustable stop 128. Now the connection pI can be subjected to the necessary greater pressure, so that when the piston rod 124 is at a standstill, the piston rod 125 is moved further with the plunger 123 until the inner stop surfaces 148 and 149 bear against each other. In this position, for example, the valve unit 155 assigned to the connection pB can be opened so that the adjustable stop 128 can be pressed to the right until it abuts against the stop 130. This is the end position of both tool units 122 and 123. The pressure accumulators are in this position 156 filled again. So they only act as a hydraulic spring.

The stop device 147 also makes it possible to use completely cylindrical workpiece blanks, that is to say those workpiece blanks which have not previously been subjected to a diameter reduction process in part of their length.

List of reference numbers used

• 1-18 workstation
• 1ʹ-18ʹ workstation
• 19 end region
• 20 round bar blank
• 21 undeformed area
• 22 head
• 23 extrusion die
• 23ʹ extrusion die
• 24, 24ʹ finished form die
• 25 pre-formed die
• 26 Means for moving forward in cycles
• 27 Means for moving forward in cycles
• 28 Means for heating
• 29 extrusion device
• 30 extrusion device
• 31 pressing device
• 32 guide device
• 33 guide device
• 34 carrying device
• 35 carrying device
• 36 punch guide bush
• 37 punch guide bush
• 38 carrying device
• 39 carrying device
• 39ʹ carrying device
• 40 heating zone
• 41 heating zone
• 42 Movement of the heating zone
• 43, 43ʹ carrying device
• 44 strikers
• 45 strikers
• 46 crosscut drive
• 47 Crosscut drive
• 48 carriers
• 49 carriers
• 50 motion drive
• 51 motion drive
• 52, 52ʹ control device
• 53 workpiece transfer
• 54 extrusion dies
• 55 axis of rotation
• 56 axis of rotation
• 57 axis of rotation
• 58 axis of rotation
• 59 axis of rotation
• 60 axis of rotation
• 61 pushers
• 62 pusher
• 63 hydraulic cylinders
• 64 hydraulic cylinders
• 65 hydraulic cylinders
• 66 hydraulic cylinders
• 67 piston rod
• 68 piston rod
• 69 group of resonant circuits
• 70 distance
• 71 shoring
• 72 supporting structure
• 73 tie rods
• 74 cover plate
• 75 swivel arm
• 76 workpiece holder
• 77 axis of rotation
• 78 pivot bearings
• 79 swivel axis
• 80 swivel axis
• 81-84 plate
• 85 all-round bridge
• 86 surrounding web
• 87 cylinders
• 88 cylinders
• 89 cylinders
• 90 cylinders
• 91 tightening spindle
• 92 tightening spindle
• 93 Slider
• 94 slider
• 95 loading device
• 96 stop
• 97, 97ʹ compression unit
• 98 extrusion unit
• 99 machine stands
• 100 ejectors
• 101 ejectors
• 102 star gears
• 103 hydraulic cylinders
• 104 hydraulic cylinders
• 105 piston rod
• 106 piston rod
• 107 roller star gear
• 108 disc spring
• 109 star gears
• 110 water supply
• 111 cooling channels
• 112 shaft guide part
• 113 bracket
• 114 intermediate piece
• 115 back
• 116 feeding device
• 117 columns
• 117ʹ columns
• 117ʺ columns
• 118 control cabinet
• 118ʹ control cabinet
• 118ʺ control cabinet
• 119 pistons
• 120 swivel levers
• 121 balloon
• 122 ring piston
• 123 ram
• 124 piston rod
• 125 piston rod
• 126 actuating cylinders
• 127 actuating cylinders
• 128 adjustable stop
• 129 stop
• 130 stop
• 131 drive
• 132 drive
• 133 inductive heating device
• 134 cover plate
• 135 pistons
• 136 stop bush
• 137 cylinder head
• 138 pistons
• 139 cylinder head
• 140 piston rod
• 141 shoring
• 142 support plate
• 143 axis of rotation
• 144 Cooling water supply and removal
• 145 rotary actuator
• 146 indexing device
• 147 anchor device
• 148 inner stop surface
• 149 inner stop surface
• 150 line
• 151 room
• 152 connection
• 153 line
• 154 cylinder space
• 155 valve unit
• 156 pressure accumulator

Claims (63)

1. A method for producing rod-shaped bodies with at least one one-sided end thickening, preferably valve body of piston machines, by hot forming a round bar blank, which is cut to a suitable length, characterized in that an end region (19) of the round bar blank (20) through a reduction process a shaft is shaped and heated for this purpose in the area to be reshaped, whereupon it is heated in the undeformed area (21) and subsequently the head (22) is formed there by compression. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an extrusion process (Figure 17; 18) is used as a reducing process. 3. The method according to at least one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the heating takes place inductively. 4. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the diameter and length of the round bar blank (20) are dimensioned such that a change in shape up to 70% for the shank forming and a compression ratio of 4.5 - 7 for the head shaping can be adhered to whereby the change in shape means an average percentage change in shape Em = 100 (A1-A0) / A1, in which A1 is the blank diameter and A0 the shaft diameter and in which the compression ratio is the ratio of the length to be immersed to the material diameter. 5. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the reducing process on the one hand and / or the compression on the other hand is carried out in several stages. 6. The method at least according to claim 2, characterized in that the round bar blank (20) is dimensioned so that the reducing process and / or the compression can be carried out in two stages. 7. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a finished form die ((25), Figure 16, 17) is used as the extrusion die for the extrusion process. 8. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the upsetting speed is regulated during the upsetting process in such a way that the upsetting speed always remains below the softening rate of the material to be compressed. 9. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that an inductive heat supply takes place at least before each forming step in the area to be formed. 10. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that at least before an upsetting process, the heat supply is limited to a heating zone (41) which is shorter than the heating zone (40, Figure 2), the heating zone (41) is moved (42) during the supply of heat in the area of the heat zone (40). 11. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the amount of heat supplied in the region of the heat zone (40) is controlled at least in the case of an inductive heating carried out before compression so that a desired temperature distribution is in the heat zone (40) results. 12. The method according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least with the supply of heat before the last upsetting, the immediate end region of the area to be reshaped is left colder than the adjacent area. 13. The method according to at least one of claims 1-8, characterized in that at a single station the undeformed end region (21) of the round bar blank (20) arranged in the finished form die (24) is deformed by a first upsetting process to form a balloon (121) and is brought into the finished form (22) by an immediately following second upsetting process. 14. Device for carrying out the method according to at least one of claims 1 to 13, characterized by means (26, 27) for the cyclical forward movement of separated workpieces (20) between an input (1) and an output station (18ʹ), means (28 ) for heating up parts of the workpiece (20) to be formed, means for carrying out a reduction process of at least partial lengths of the workpiece (20) and means for upsetting an end region of a workpiece (20) to the finished shape of a workpiece head (22). 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the means for carrying out a reduction process are designed as an extrusion device (29,30), at least containing a press device (31), an associated guide device (32, 33) and an associated one , in a carrier (38, 39, 39ʹ, 48, 49) arranged extrusion die (23, 23ʹ, 25). 16. The device according to at least one of claims 14 and 15, characterized in that a first discontinuously rotationally drivable support device (34, 35) is provided as the guide device with arranged in the circumferential direction stamp guide bushings (36, 37) and that as a carrier at least a second, discontinuous rotatably drivable support device (38, 39, 39ʹ, Figure 9) is provided with a plurality of extrusion dies (23, 23ʹ, 25) arranged distributed in the circumferential direction. 17. The device according to at least one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that a further, continuously rotatable drive device (38, 43, 43ʹ) with circumferentially arranged finished form dies (25, 24, 24ʹ) is provided for producing the finished workpiece head ( 22), for which purpose at least two compression elements (44, 45, 122, 123) provided with drives (46, 47, 131, 132) are provided for carrying out the necessary compression. 18. Device according to at least one of claims 14 and 15, characterized in that the carrier (48, 49) is equipped with a movement drive (50, 51) and each has two extrusion dies (23; 23ʹ), which alternately in the extrusion position (Figure 1) can be brought. 19. Device at least according to claim 17, characterized in that the compression elements (44, 45, 122, 123) with their drives (46, 47, 131, 132) are arranged in a stationary manner. 20. The device at least according to claim 19, characterized in that the drives (46, 47, 131, 132) of the compression elements (44, 45, 122, 123) are connected to a control device (52, 52ʹ) for regulating the working speed of the compression elements (46, 47, 122, 123). 21. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 20, characterized in that control means are provided for synchronizing the rotational movement of the existing support devices. 22. The device at least according to claim 21, characterized in that the rotary movement of all the existing supporting devices takes place via a discontinuity drive, all of which are connected to the control means for synchronizing the rotary movement. 23. The device according to at least one of claims 14 to 22, characterized in that finished form matrices (24, 24ʹ, 25) are provided as extrusion dies. 24. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 23, characterized in that three mutually offset support devices (34; 48, 49; 43) are provided, of which a first (34) the punch guide bushes (36) and a second (48 , 49) carries the extrusion dies (23, 23ʹ), while the third (43, 43ʹ) carries the finished form dies (24), a workpiece transfer device (53) for transporting the workpiece (20) to the third disk (43 ) is provided and the first and second support devices (43; 48, 49) overlap so that the punch guide bushing (36) and the extrusion die (23, 23ʹ) can be stacked at least at one point. 25. The device according to at least one of claims 14 to 24, characterized in that at least the coaxially opposite stamp guide bushings (37, 36) and extrusion dies (25, 23, 23ʹ) are movable in the axial direction relative to each other. 26. The device according to at least one of claims 14 to 25, characterized in that the extrusion die located in the extrusion position and the pressing device (31) coaxially opposite a support cylinder (AZ 1.1; AZ 2.1) is assigned, the cylinder housing (89; 90) in the supporting frame 72 is arranged. 27. The device at least according to claim 26, characterized in that the piston rod of the support cylinder (AZ 1.1; AZ 2.1) is designed as a push-out cylinder (AZ 1.2; AZ 2.2) with an ejector (100; 101) as an extendable piston rod. 28. The device at least according to claim 24, characterized in that the second support device (48, 49) has at least two extrusion dies (23; 23ʹ). 29. The device according to at least one of claims 14 to 28, characterized in that means for heating (28) on the one hand the support device (34, 35) with the punch guide bushings (36, 37) and, on the other hand, are assigned to the carrying device (38, 43) with the finished-form dies (25, 24). 30. The device according to at least one of claims 17 to 29, characterized in that the coaxial extrusion die with a die guide bush is coaxially associated with a stationary press device (31) with extrusion die (54, P 17) driven in the extrusion direction and vice versa . 31. The device at least according to claim 29, characterized in that the heating devices (28) are designed as inductive heating devices. 32. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 31, characterized in that each support device (43, 43ʹ, 39, 39ʹ; 35, 38,34) in cycle steps around an axis of rotation (55, 56; 57, 58; 59, 60 ) is rotatably driven and has bushings (36, 37) or dies (23, 23ʹ, 25) arranged at a distance from one another in the circumferential direction. 33. A device according to at least one of claims 14 to 32, characterized in that strikers (44, 45) are provided as compression elements in striking stations (SZ3, SZ4), each striking station (SZ 3, SZ 4) having at least one push-out device (AZ 3, AZ 4) for the workpieces (20) is assigned. 34. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 33, characterized in that the push-out device (AZ 3, AZ 4) has a push-out (61, 62) which can be moved at least between an extended position and a retracted position (Figure 2). 35. Device at least according to claim 34, characterized in that the push-out device has a hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod of which forms the push-out device (61, 62). 36. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 35, characterized in that striker drives (46, 47) are provided, each having a hydraulic cylinder (65, 66) with piston rod (67, 68). 37. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 36, characterized in that at least one inductive heating device (28) is equipped with a traversing drive (FM 1-8) at least for moving along the workpiece axis or for moving between a working position and a rest position ( Figure 1, 2). 38. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 37, characterized in that at least one cycle station (11ʹ, 15ʹ), which is immediately in front of a striking station (SZ 3, SZ 4), an inductive heating device (28 / SK 7.3, SK 8.3, Figure 2) is provided. 39. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 38, characterized in that at least one inductive heating device carries a single resonant circuit (SK E) or a group of resonant circuits (69). 40. Device at least according to claim 37, characterized in that the traversing drive (SM 1-8) can be preset or programmed in its travel-time function. 41. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 40, characterized in that the support device (34, 35) for the stamp guide bushing (36, 37) and the support device (38, 43) for the finished form dies (24, 25) are offset and with The spacing (79) from one another in an opposing arrangement is rotatably supported at least in increments in oppositely arranged supporting frames (71, 72), which are connected to one another via tie rods (73) and each on a cover plate (74) of a machine frame (75) designed as a hydraulic container are attached. 42. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 41, characterized in that the workpiece converter (53) has a rotary arm (75) which carries a workpiece receiving bushing (76) on each of its two arm ends and about an axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation of the supporting devices ( 77) is rotatably driven in a rotary bearing (78). 43. Device at least according to claim 42, characterized in that the pivot bearing (78) is arranged in a supporting frame (71). 44. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 43, characterized in that in addition to the supporting devices (34, 43) for the punch guide bushes (36) and the finished form dies (24) at least one at least pivotable at a distance (70) between them ( 48, 49) with a pivot axis (79, 80) parallel to the axes of rotation (55, 56) of the supporting devices (34, 43) is provided, each with at least two extrusion dies (23, 23ʹ), the pivot drive (50, 51) each extrusion die (23 ,; 23ʹ) can move in an alternating sequence in the extrusion position or in the cooling position. 45. Device at least according to claim 44, characterized in that the pivot axes (79, 80) with the carriers (48, 49) are arranged axially movable and each have a travel drive (RZ 1, RZ 2) are connected. 46. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 45, characterized in that the push-out devices (AZ 3, AZ 4) and the striking stations (SZ 3, SZ 4) with the strikers (44, 45) opposite each other in one of the supporting structures (71, 72) are arranged. 47. Device at least according to claim 46, characterized in that each support frame (71, 72) is designed as a support platform, essentially each consisting of two plates (81, 82; 83, 84) arranged parallel to one another, which by means of a circumferential web ( 85, 86) are kept at a distance from each other. 48. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 47, characterized in that the support device (43) in the bearing of its axis of rotation (56) is axially displaceable by a small amount and at least during the work on the support platform (72), in which it is supported. 49. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 48, characterized in that at least the cylinders (63, 64, 65, 66, 87 - 90) are welded into the support platform (71, 72). 50. Device at least according to claim 47, characterized in that the hydraulic lines at least for the extension cylinders (AZ 3, AZ 4) and for the striking stations (SZ 3, SZ 4) and for the cylinders SZ 1.1 and SZ 2.1 of the pressing devices (31) and for the cylinders (89, 90) as channels (eg P 0.1) through these components and the adjacent plates (81 - 84) and the associated cover plate (74), at least all oil for consumer-controlling hydraulic components or assemblies below are arranged on the cover plate (74). 51. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 50, characterized in that the strikers (44, 45) are received via an outer cone of a corresponding inner cone of the piston rods (67, 68), so that at least the essential part of the engraving of each striker (44, 45) runs within the associated piston rod (67, 68). 52. Device at least according to claim 51, characterized in that each striker (44, 45) is drawn into the inner cone of the piston rod (67, 68) by means of a tightening spindle (91, 92) running longitudinally through the entire piston rod (67, 68) . 53. Device at least according to claim 52, characterized in that the tightening spindle (91, 92) is hollow and serves as a water guide for cooling the strikers (44, 45), the cooling water through the hollow piston rod (67,68) around Tightening spindle (91,92) is returned around. 54. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 53, characterized in that at least one support device (53) is detachably connected to the associated axis of rotation (56). 55. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 23 and 25 to 53, characterized in that two mutually offset support devices (35, 38) are provided, of which the first (35) punch guide bushes (37) and the second designed as a finished form die Extrusion dies (25) are supported, the first and second support devices overlapping one another in such a way that the punch guide bushing (35) and the extrusion die (25) can be stacked on top of one another. 56. Device according to at least one of claims 14 to 55, characterized in that each pressing device (31) is associated with a displacement device (93, 94) adjacent to the pitch. 57. Device according to at least one of claims 13 to 55, characterized in that the workpiece converter (53) has a loading device (95) for loading the work station (1ʹ) with a workpiece (20) and opposite a stop (96) for the workpiece ( 20) is assigned. 58. Device at least according to claim 14, characterized in that the means for upsetting an end region (19, 21) of the workpiece until the finished shape of the workpiece head (22) at least contain a power-operated annular piston (122) with a power-operated arranged coaxially inside Press ram (123), the press ram (123) being axially displaceable both together with the annular piston (122) and relative thereto. 59. Device at least according to claim 58, characterized in that both the annular piston (122) and the extrusion die (123) are designed as interchangeable inserts on associated piston rods (124, 125) of coaxially arranged actuating cylinders (126, 127). 60. Device at least according to claim 59, characterized in that an adjustable stop (128) is provided which enables the piston rod (124) to be retracted with the annular piston (122) into two different end positions. 61. Device at least according to claim 60, characterized in that the piston rod (124) is provided as an adjustable stop (128) which is arranged in the actuating cylinder (126) between two stops, displaceably. 62. Device according to at least one of claims 13 to 56, characterized in that the overall device consists of an independent compression unit (97, 97ʹ) and an independent extrusion unit (98) which are linked to one another via a suitable workpiece transport device (53). 63. Device at least according to claim 58, characterized in that an inductive heating device (28, 133) is provided on at least one cycle station which is located directly in front of the means for upsetting (122, 124; 123, 125; 126.127).

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