EP3359316B1 - Spindle press and method for shaping workpieces - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a spindle press for the forming processing of workpieces and a method for the forming processing of workpieces using such a device.

Impact forming machines such as hammers and screw presses, in particular flywheel screw presses, are known for forming workpieces. For example, on the DE 78 22 648 U1 referenced, from which a generic spindle press for forging a shaft flange is known, wherein a trained with lower dies for receiving workpieces turntable, which has different approach positions, is arranged aligned below a attached to a ram and several upper dies having tool plate.

In such screw presses, the forming energy required for forming the workpiece can be generated via a spindle and a percussion tool or a ram and transferred to the workpiece. The spindle can be motor-driven directly with a motor or with a positively or non-positively connected flywheel. The rotary movement of the spindle is converted into a linear ram movement via a steep multiple thread. When the ram suddenly hits the workpiece, the kinetic energy of the flywheel, spindle and ram is completely converted into useful and lost work. As a rule, an electric drive motor is used to drive the spindle or the flywheel. With a like eg from DE 78 22 648 U1 known rotary table, workpieces can be rotated within the machining area of the upper dies between different approach positions.

The US 2003/0167938 A1 describes a hydraulic press with a movable tool carrier, for the production of, for example, compacts, whereby the tool carrier can be designed as a turntable for the production of no components, and the tool carrier for the production of comparatively large components can be designed as a sliding carriage.

document US 5,095,731A describes a hydraulic press for the production of cartridge cases, wherein several different die machining stations can be arranged on a rotary table.

The DE 1 627 688 A describes a press for the production of head-profiled elements such as bolts, pins, punches and the like. On matrices, it being possible for several matrices to be arranged on a rotary table.

In " DOUBLE PRESSURE COLD PRESSING HC WITH ROTATING DIE HOLDER FOR PRODUCTION OF SCREWS; RIVETS AND OTHER MOLDINGS", WIRE, MEISENBACH, BAMBERG, DE, Vol. 38, No. 3, March 1, 1987, page 211/212 describes a double-pressure cold press for the production of screws, rivets and the like. The double-pressure cold press comprises a rotating tool holder with three press dies, in which the pre-upset, finish upset and ejector can be operated simultaneously.

The DE 883 552 A describes a die-changing device for open-die forging presses, in which case, for example, two forging saddles, for example a flat saddle and a pointed saddle for carrying out different forging operations, can be arranged on a turntable.

Proceeding from this, it is an object of the invention to specify a novel spindle press and a novel method for forming a workpiece, which in particular enable improved workpiece guidance and, optionally, improved workpiece throughput.

This object is achieved by a screw press according to claim 1 and a method for forming a workpiece according to claim 11. Advantageous refinements and developments result in particular from the dependent claims and from the following description.

According to an embodiment of the invention according to claim 1, a spindle press is proposed which comprises a machining head with a plurality of different machining tools that is guided or mounted so that it can move along a movement axis for the forming machining of at least one workpiece.

The processing head is attached to a ram or ram of the screw press or designed to be integrated therewith. The processing head comprises a tool plate which is designed to hold the plurality of different processing tools thereon, e.g. The movement axis can, for example, be collinear with the trajectory resulting from the operation of the screw press, i.e. the central movement axis, of the machining head or of a ram or ram coupled thereto.

The proposed spindle press also includes a processing area located opposite the processing head with at least one processing station designed to receive and reshape the workpiece.

The proposed screw press of the embodiment according to claim 1 further comprises a rotary table having a rotation axis true parallel to the moving direction. The rotary table also includes a plurality of lower tools which are offset relative to one another in the circumferential direction with respect to the axis of rotation. In total For example, there can be three, four or more lower tools in the circumferential direction along a circular line on the turntable.

The turntable is designed or arranged and rotatably mounted according to the embodiment of claim 1 such that it is possible by rotating the turntable about the axis of rotation to transfer each of the lower tools into at least one first working position located within the machining area. The workpiece located in the respective first working position can be formed by moving one of the lower tools into a first working position and subsequent operation or subsequent activation of the machining head.

Furthermore, the turntable of the embodiment according to claim 1 is designed or arranged and rotatably mounted such that it is possible by rotating the turntable about the axis of rotation to transfer each of the lower tools into at least one, second working position, which is lateral in axial projection with respect to the axis of movement is located outside a or the cross-sectional area of the processing head. The rotary table and the machining head can be arranged and mounted relative to one another in such a way that, viewed in axial projection parallel to the axis of movement of the machining head, the second working position(s) are located such that a lower tool located in a respective second working position is in a direction transverse to the axis of movement is located outside the cross-sectional area. For example, the arrangement of rotary table and machining head and their design can be implemented in such a way that a central axis or an assembly opening designed for feeding and/or holding a workpiece on the lower tool is located laterally outside the cross-sectional area.

The axis of movement can, for example, run parallel to the vertical direction, which means in particular that the processing head, and possibly a connected or coupled ram or ram, can be mounted and arranged such that it can move up and down, for example with respect to an upper crosshead.

A ram of the screw press may be arranged to be movable back and forth in the axial direction thereof, i.e. along the movement axis, for example periodically, and it may be driven or moved in the axial direction by a screw. Via the spindle, in particular a threaded spindle, which in turn can be driven by a suitable actuator, e.g. a motor or a motor coupled to a flywheel, forming energy can be transferred to a workpiece via the machining tools, in particular in cooperation with corresponding counter-tools of the lower tools .

When the machining head, i.e. the machining tools, hits the workpiece, particularly abruptly, kinetic energy of the machining tools of the machining head and/or the ram or a ram can be converted into useful and lost work for forming the workpiece.

The processing area, in particular a base area thereof, can have the shape of a circular ring segment or a circular segment with a central angle of at least 180°, preferably a central angle of more than 180°, for example more than 270°. Accordingly the first working positions can/can be located within such a circular ring segment. The second or second working position(s) can be located within a circular ring segment or a circular segment with a central angle of less than 180°, for example less than 90°.

The machining tools can be embodied symmetrically with respect to a center plane of the spindle of the spindle press that is parallel to the axis of movement. For example, it is possible that two machining tools are arranged or can be arranged in such a way that, seen in axial projection, the connecting axis of the centers of two, in particular adjacent, machining tools or machining tool holders run through the center of the spindle circle defined in axial projection by the outer circumference of the spindle. In such configurations, but also in other configurations described herein, seen in axial projection with respect to the axis of movement, the axis of rotation of the rotary table can be located laterally outside the spindle circle.

The processing head is formed or attached to the ram. The at least one second working position is located at least partially laterally outside a cross-sectional area of the ram, as seen in axial projection with respect to the axis of movement. The cross-sectional area of the ram can, for example, be a cross-sectional area which is defined by the dimensions of the ram at the end facing the machining area.

The axis of rotation of the turntable is spaced from a ram axis, or spindle axis, parallel to the axis of movement in a direction transverse to the axis of rotation.

An offset or distance between the axis of rotation of the rotary table and the, in particular central, ram axis or spindle axis can be, for example, between 360 mm and 375 mm, wherein in configurations a spindle diameter of the spindle can be 600 mm and a diameter of the turntable can be approximately 1400 mm.

In configurations it can be provided that the spindle axis, viewed in axial projection, is located within that circular line on which the center points of the lower tools of the turntable are located. In other words, it can be provided in configurations that the distance between the axis of rotation and the centers of the lower tools is greater than the distance between the axis of rotation and the ram or spindle axis. A distance between the circular line and the spindle or ram axis can be, for example, in the range between 50 mm and 65 mm, in particular around 57 mm.

In configurations it can be provided that exactly three lower tools are formed on the rotary table and that, facing the lower tools, exactly four forming positions or stations are formed on the machining head or ram.

The lower tools and machining ozw. Forming stations can be set up in such a way that central axes (or: longitudinal axes) of the processing stations or processing tools running parallel to the movement axis, in particular the ram axis, intersect a circular line defined by the axes or central axes of the lower tools.

In configurations, in particular according to one of the preceding or subsequent configurations, the lower tools on the turntable can Spindle press can be arranged along a circular line, i.e. in a circle with respect to the axis of rotation M _D , and can have predetermined angular distances from one another with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotary table, wherein an angular distance between two directly adjacent lower tools can be 60 degrees, 90 degrees or 120 degrees, for example, and where the angular distances can optionally be selected in such a way that the sub-tools are arranged evenly distributed along the circular line.

In variants, for example, the axes running parallel to the axis of rotation of the turntable or central axes of four processing stations can be located on one half or a semicircle of the circular line. For example, two of the central axes may intersect the center of the circle, and two more of the central axes may intersect a secant of the circle.

In configurations, in the proposed arrangement of the rotary table, an axis of rotation of the rotary table, about which it is rotatably mounted on the screw press, can be offset parallel to the central axis of the ram and offset parallel to the central axis of the machining head running in the axial direction. It should be noted at this point that the central axis of the ram and the central axis of the machining head do not necessarily have to be aligned with one another. In both of the aforementioned cases, the axis of rotation of the rotary table is set up and positioned in such a way that a lower tool can be transferred to a first working position located in the area of coverage or action of the axial projection of the machining head and/or the ram, and that by rotating the rotary table the lower tool can be moved into a second working position outside, in particular outside the coverage or effective area, of the processing area and different from the first second working position can be transferred.

In variants, the turntable can be disk-shaped, with an axis of rotation arranged radially offset relative to the longitudinal axis of the ram and/or the machining head. In configurations it can be provided that a radius of curvature of the turntable is greater, for example at least twice as large as the cross-sectional radius of the ram and/or the machining head and/or the spindle.

In variants, it is possible that the turntable is mounted around an axis of rotation, for example on a forming table, in such a way that the turntable, in particular with regard to its axis of rotation, is located eccentrically to the machining area defined on the forming table by the ram and/or the machining head.

With the proposed rotary table arrangement, for example in the manner of a turret plate, it is advantageously possible to equip the lower tools working positions outside the axial projection of the machining head and/or the ram, and preferably outside the effective range of the machining head, or to carry out other actions on or .to perform with them.

The processing head can have several upper tools as processing tools for forming workpiece processing, it being possible for the upper tools to be provided on the processing head, for example, in a symmetrical arrangement with respect to one another. For example, the upper tools can be arranged along an arc of a circle and/or located within a circular ring segment.

The turntable has several lower tools. The lower tools, in particular the middle points or centers thereof, can be arranged on the rotary table, for example, along a circular line when viewed in axial projection with respect to the axis of movement. B. upper tools, defined circular arc at least partially, for example along a circular arc with a central angle greater than 180 °, or greater than 270 °, together with the defined by the vverKstUcKaurnanmen circular line.

In configurations, it can be provided that the processing area is essentially congruent when viewed in axial projection with respect to the axis of movement is the cross-sectional area of the machining head and/or ram. In the case of a screw press, the dimensions of the machining area can be defined, for example, by the circular diameter of the spindle and/or the ram and/or the machining head. The machining area, in particular the extent of the machining area, can be defined or fixed, for example, by the axial projection of the circumference of the ram and/or the circumference of the machining head and/or the circumference of the spindle. In configurations, the machining head circumference, viewed in axial projection with respect to the axis of movement, can lie completely within the circumference of the ram or be congruent with it.

In particular in the case of configurations as mentioned above, it can be achieved that the at least one second working position is located outside the effective area or effective volume or stroke area or stroke volume taken up by the axial movement of the ram or machining head. In particular, in such cases, workpieces in the second working position can be fed in comparatively easily or removed from the turntable comparatively simply, without being adversely affected by any axial movements and moving masses of the ram and/or machining head.

In configurations it can be provided that the spindle diameter measured transversely to the movement axis and/or the machining head diameter is/are smaller than or at most equal to the radius or diameter of the turntable.

The midpoints or centers of the machining tools and the further tools in axial projection can lie on a common path, in particular a circular path, when viewed with respect to the movement axis.

An angular distance measured with respect to the axial direction between two immediately adjacent upper tools or lower tools can, for example, and in particular in each case, be in the range between 30 degrees and 120 degrees, in particular 30 degrees, 60 degrees or, for example, 90 degrees.

In configurations it can be provided that the angular distance between adjacent machining tools, e.g. upper tools, is an integer fraction of the angular distance between adjacent lower tools. In other words, the angular distance between two immediately adjacent lower tools on the rotary table can be an integer multiple of the angular distance between two adjacent machining tools on the machining head. The machining tools and/or sub-tools are preferably evenly distributed, each arranged with the same angular distances from one another. For example, the angular distance between directly adjacent lower tools on the rotary table can be 120 degrees, and an angular distance between directly adjacent machining tools on the machining head can be 60 degrees.

In configurations it can be provided that at least one of the at least one second working position is provided and designed for care measures to be carried out on a lower tool located in a second working position.

In further configurations, the spindle press can include a care device designed to carry out at least one corresponding care measure, wherein the care device can be designed, for example, to carry out lubrication, cleaning and/or cooling on the respective lower tool

In further variants of the configurations described above and below, it can be provided that the screw press comprises at least one axial drive or at least one lifting unit, which is designed to lift the rotary table of the screw press and/or at least one lower tool and/or at least one coupled to a lower tool To move tool and / or at least one located in a lower tool of the turntable workpiece parallel to the axis of movement of the machining head of the spindle press.

In configurations, the axial drive or the lifting unit can be installed or mounted, for example, at least partially on or in a forming table, on or in a turntable receptacle designed for mounting the turntable on the forming table and/or on or in the turntable. The axial drive or the lifting unit can, for example, comprise at least one, for example motor-driven, reciprocatingly mounted drive ram, through which the turntable, the lower tool and/or the workpiece can be moved parallel to the movement axis. In the case of a vertically moving machining head, the axial drive can be designed in such a way that a workpiece located in a lower tool, for example, in individual machining stations relative to the Lower tool or raised against the turntable and / or lowered or is. For example, the axial drive can be designed for this be to provide the workpiece in a lowered state in one working position and in a raised state in another, for example subsequent working position.

Such an axial drive makes it possible to raise the rotary table, the lower tool and/or a workpiece during, before or after a forming step and/or when moving or turning the rotary table between different working positions.

Lifting, for example when changing the working position, can be used, for example, to reduce the friction that occurs during twisting between components that are moved relative to one another, for example between the rotary table and the forming table. A corresponding stroke of the axial drive, in particular of a drive ram, ejector or lifting bar or ram of the axial drive, can be in the range of approximately 2 mm, for example.

In configurations it can be provided that the drive ram or rams of the axial drive in the forming table, in or on which the turntable is rotatably mounted, are present at at least a first and/or second working position. The drive rams can be longitudinally displaceable in the forming table, e.g. parallel to the axis of movement of the machining head or to the axis of rotation of the turntable. The rotary table, in particular its lower tools, can be designed in such a way that they have one or more openings on the side facing the forming table, through which, when positioned in a working position equipped with a driving ram, the driving ram can be moved or reach through in order to relatively to be able to move to the rotary table or the lower tool.

In configurations, the axial drive can also be designed in such a way that in at least one working position the drive ram is lowered in relation to other working positions, so that in one of the working positions assigned Forming operation an expansion of the workpiece material in the direction of the lowered drive ram is possible. In such configurations, the drive ram can, for example, be arranged and designed in such a way that it can be lowered relative to a workpiece support level, for example in the forming table, with the workpiece support level being formed, for example, by a support surface formed between the forming table and the rotary table. After appropriate forming and the associated expansion of the workpiece material in the direction of the drive ram, it can be moved in the direction of the rotary table in order to lift the workpiece so that the rotary table can be rotated further and/or for the purpose of subsequent removal of the workpiece from the lower tool.

The axial drive can, for example, be designed and set up in such a way that it can move a workpiece located in the respective working position relative to the turntable, in particular lift it or lift it off the lower tool and/or move it in the lower tool. For example, the axial drive can be designed in such a way that, in at least one working position, a workpiece can be moved parallel and/or opposite to the forming movement of the ram. Further configurations and variants of the axial drive result in particular from the description given below of exemplary embodiments in connection with the appended figures.

In configurations, it can be provided that the spindle press also includes a forming table assigned to the processing area, it being possible for the rotary table to be fastened to the forming table by means of an adapter unit or an adapter. The adapter unit is designed and can be coupled to the forming table and the turntable in such a way that the axis of rotation of the turntable is spaced apart from the spindle or ram axis, ie from the central axis of movement of the machining head, ie the turntable is arranged eccentrically with respect to the movement axis.

In configurations, the turntable can be arranged on the forming table, for example on a tabletop or bearing plate, with sliding bearings. A unit formed from the turntable and table top or bearing plate can in turn be fastened to an associated forming table, for example by means of screws.

The spindle press includes a spindle designed to drive the machining head. At least one machining tool of the machining head can have a central axis running parallel to the movement axis of the machining head, which, viewed in axial projection, lies laterally inside, at the edge or directly adjacent to the spindle cross-sectional area. Furthermore, viewed alternatively or cumulatively in axial projection, a connecting axis of the center points of two, in particular adjacent, machining tools or machining tool holders of the machining head can run through the center point of the spindle circle defined by the outer circumference of the spindle in axial projection.

1. a) Überführen eines der Unterwerkzeuge des Drehtisches in eine der zumindest einen, lateral außerhalb der Querschnittsfläche des Bearbeitungskopfs gelegenen zweiten Arbeitsposition durch Drehen des Drehtisches um dessen Drehachse;
2. b) Einlegen des Werkstücks in das in der zweiten Arbeitsposition befindliche Unterwerkzeug;
3. c) Drehen des Drehtischs um dessen Drehachse derart, dass das Werkstück von der zweiten Arbeitsposition in eine der zumindest einen ersten Arbeitsposition überführt wird;
4. d) Aktivieren des Bearbeitungskopf zur umformenden Bearbeitung des Werkstücks;
5. e) optionales Drehen des Drehtischs um dessen Drehachse und Überführen des Werkstücks in eine weitere erste Arbeitsposition;
6. f) Überführen des Werkstücks in die zweite Arbeitsposition, oder in eine lateral außerhalb der Querschnittsfläche des Bearbeitungskopfs gelegene weitere zweite Arbeitsposition; und
7. g) Entnahme des Werkstücks aus dem in der zweiten oder weiteren zweiten Arbeitsposition befindlichen Unterwerkzeug.

According to claim 11, a method for forming a workpiece using the screw press described above is provided. In particular, the proposed method includes the following steps:

1. a) Transferring one of the lower tools of the turntable into one of the at least one second working position located laterally outside the cross-sectional area of the machining head by rotating the turntable about its axis of rotation;
2. b) inserting the workpiece into the lower tool located in the second working position;
3. c) rotating the turntable about its axis of rotation in such a way that the workpiece is transferred from the second working position into one of the at least one first working position;
4. d) activation of the processing head for the forming processing of the workpiece;
5. e) optional rotation of the turntable about its axis of rotation and transfer of the workpiece to a further first working position;
6. f) transferring the workpiece into the second working position, or into a further second working position located laterally outside the cross-sectional area of the machining head; and
7. g) removal of the workpiece from the lower tool located in the second or further second working position.

Because of the advantages and advantageous effects of the method, reference is made to the statements on the screw press, which apply accordingly.

Both the insertion of the workpiece and the removal of the workpiece after forming can take place at second working positions, i.e. at working positions outside the working area of the ram and the upper tools. Apart from that, there can be a further second working position, i.e. a working position located outside the processing area, which is designed and provided for carrying out die care measures such as lubricating, cooling and/or cleaning.

In configurations, in particular of the method, it can be provided that the turntable is rotated synchronously with the activation or deactivation of the machining head, preferably by an integer fraction of a full angle, and the direction of rotation of the turntable is preferably reversed at least once during the machining cycle of the workpiece .

In configurations, in particular of the method, it can be provided that during at least one machining step and/or at least between two machining steps, the turntable and/or at least one lower tool together with the workpiece is/are raised or lowered parallel to the axis of movement of the machining head or the axis of rotation of the turntable . In this way, among other things, the contact time between Workpiece and tool are reduced, for example to reduce the heat input into the tool. For further advantages, reference is made to the explanations above.

In configurations, in particular of the method, it can be provided that the lower tools are offset from one another by an angle of 120 degrees with respect to the axis of rotation, and a lower tool fitted with a workpiece, starting from the second working position for the forming processing of the workpiece, is successively divided into several, with respect to the axis of rotation is transferred at an angle from first working positions which are offset to one another. For example, four offset first working positions can be traversed according to a movement pattern according to which the lower tool is rotated by rotating the rotary table starting from the or a second working position in a plan view of the rotary table by +60 degrees, i.e. in an axial plan view of the rotary table from above by an angle of 60 degrees counterclockwise, followed by sequential rotations of +180 degrees or -180 degrees, -120 degrees and +60 degrees. With a further subsequent rotation through an angle of -180 degrees or +180 degrees, the workpiece can be transferred back to the second working position for removal of the workpiece after processing is complete.

Before fitting a lower tool with another workpiece after a previous removal step, for example, a rotation through an angle of 120 degrees can be carried out, so that a lower tool that has been removed immediately beforehand remains unoccupied, and for example for die care measures such as cooling, lubrication, cleaning, etc., for Available.

In configurations of the method it can be provided that one of the lower tools, in particular precisely one of the lower tools, during a complete operating cycle for producing the workpiece, ie during all the steps required for producing the workpiece comprehensive, operating cycle, in particular always, at least one, preferably exactly one, the lower tools is unoccupied. In a state that is not occupied by a workpiece or a blank intended for the production of the workpiece, the lower tool can cool down or care measures can be carried out.

In the example of a screw press, which includes the four forming operations i) first coning, ii) second coning, iii) preform forging operation and iv) finish forging operation, the machining tools and lower tools as well as the rotation of the rotary table can be configured with corresponding four forming tools in such a way that in a first rotary position of the rotary table, a preform forging operation and insertion of a workpiece into a lower tool, in a rotary position rotated by +60°, a first taper, a finish forging operation and optionally die care, and in a rotary position rotated by a further -180°, a second taper and removal of a finished formed workpiece is possible. The rotary table can then be rotated by a further -120° and the rotary positions described can be run through again.

In a corresponding embodiment with four machining stations, i.e. four first working positions, for forming a workpiece, three lower tools can be arranged offset from one another at an angular distance of 120 degrees, with adjacent first working positions corresponding to the position of the machining tools, for example by an angular distance of 60 degrees can be arranged offset to each other.

In configurations, a ram coupled to a spindle of the screw press can be moved relative to a lower support or tool table through the spindle be designed to be movable in a straight line in order to transmit a forming force to at least one workpiece arranged on the turntable. In the case of the turntable, for example on a circular path, a plurality of lower tools can be offset from one another in the circumferential direction at the same basic angle of rotation to be available.

As already mentioned, the rotary table is mounted such that it can be moved about an axis of rotation, the axis of rotation being offset parallel to a spindle axis of the screw press.

In configurations, the circular path can be arranged in such a way that it lies with part of a circular sector, or that an arc of the circular path lies within a spindle circle defined by the spindle or by an axial projection of a spindle circle. The arc of a circle in which the spindle circle lies can, for example, span an angle of less than 90 degrees, or for example less than 60 degrees.

In configurations it can be provided, for example, that the turntable has three lower tools for which six different approach positions are provided, wherein at least one, for example two of the six approach positions can be designed as second working positions. The ratio of the number of lower tools and the number of approach positions can be an integer, as in the present example, but non-integer ratios are also conceivable.

in configurations it can be provided that at least two approach positions, i. H. two working positions, into which the lower tools can be brought by rotating the rotary table, are designed as second working positions. Appropriate approach positions can be used, for example, for loading or unloading and/or for die care.

In variants of getting lost, it can be provided that at least one workpiece is placed in at least one lower tool arranged on the Drentiscn, and that the Drentiscn is moved around its axis in such a way that that the lower tool carrying the workpiece is positioned in a first working position, with at least one further lower tool being positioned in a second working position. After the workpiece has been positioned in the machining area by rotating the turntable accordingly, the workpiece in question can be machined, for example by carrying out one or more machining steps, for example by working on the ram, e.g. on an underside of the ram and/or on an underside of a Processing head, arranged upper tools. For processing, the ram can be moved in an axial, linear movement towards the turntable, so that the upper tool can act on the workpiece located in the lower tool, whereby the joint action of the upper tool and lower tool and the force generated by the ram cause the workpiece to be e.g can be reshaped.

By arranging the lower tools on the rotatably mounted rotary table, a comparatively high-quality machining of workpieces can be achieved both quantitatively and qualitatively. An offset, i.e. eccentric, arrangement of the axis of rotation of the rotary table and spindle, ram and/or machining head with respect to the transversal makes it possible, in particular, for a workpiece to be machined to be rotated into different working positions, including at least one second working position which, for example, is used for machining and Disassembling with workpieces can be used.

The processes described can be carried out approximately parallel to one another, for example during a processing step or cycle, depending on requirements. For example, while a workpiece is being machined or formed in a lower tool by the force of the ram, another workpiece can be removed from another workpiece holder in the second working position or another workpiece holder in the second working position, a new workpiece can be fitted.

The number and arrangement of the working positions or approach positions, and thus in particular also the number and arrangement of the lower tools, can be variable, with the rotary table being able to have corresponding receptacles for lower tools, for example. In particular, the inventive eccentric arrangement of the axis of rotation of the rotary table with respect to the machining area makes it possible to position a lower tool arranged on the rotary table, and thus a workpiece accommodated therein, for example for a first machining or forming process in the area of a spindle circle in the area of the screw press, i.e. in the middle of the machining area, to position arranged machining tool, and to position the workpiece of the spindle circuit of the screw press in another machining process. If the working positions and machining tools are positioned appropriately, forming operations that require comparatively high forming forces can be carried out in or near the spindle circle, while forming operations with comparatively low forming forces can be carried out in areas that are further away from the spindle circle.

Since the rotary table is mounted offset in relation to the center of the machining area, there are far more possibilities for varying the movement curves that can be implemented by the lower tools when the rotary table rotates. In particular, movement curves can be used which, compared to the diameter of the ram or machining area, have a significantly larger radius of curvature, for example larger by a factor of 2, than comparable rotary tables with an arrangement concentric to the respective machining head. In particular, it is possible to linearize and equalize the movement curve, so that the arrangement of a plurality of processing stations is also possible in a comparatively problem-free and area-optimized manner.

Another advantage of positioning external to the machining area of insertion position / s for workpieces and / or the offset arrangement of the axis of rotation relative to the ram axis can also be seen in the fact that it is thus possible to be able to equip the turntable, ie the lower tools, with comparatively long blanks without hitting the ram and/or causing mechanical damage to the ram and/or without getting into the action area of moving parts having to intervene in the screw press.

The machining tools mentioned herein, e.g. upper tools, can be designed according to the shape desired for the respective workpiece. For example, the upper tools can be designed as hollow cones and the like. It is also possible for an upper tool to be designed as a manipulator designed to grip the workpiece.

As already indicated, in configurations it can be provided that the upper tools on the ram or machining head are arranged on a circular path whose curvature corresponds to the curvature of the circular path on the turntable defined by the workpiece holders.

For example, it is thus possible to position the lower tools with the inserted workpieces exactly below an upper tool for machining according to the desired processing step.

Provision is made for the ram or machining head to have a number of different upper tools in order, for example, to be able to implement different machining steps on workpieces placed in the lower tools. According to the invention, the angular spacing of the lower tools on the rotary table is selected in such a way that processing steps, in particular forming steps, are carried out at least partially in parallel.

The axial drive described above for the workpieces and/or lower tools and/or the lifting device or unit for the turntable, which can be integrated or designed separately, can, for example, comprise one or more lifting cylinders, which are set up in such a way that the workpiece, the lower tool and/or the turntable, for example together with the workpiece, can be raised and lowered in the axial direction, for example parallel to the axis of movement of the machining head or the ram. For example, in configurations, the hydraulic cylinder can lift the workpiece, the lower tool and/or the turntable when transferring to another working position. A stroke can be in the range of a few millimeters, for example approximately 2 mm, or a few centimeters. In particular, it can be provided in configurations of the method that during at least one processing step and/or at least between two processing steps the turntable and/or the lower tool together with the workpiece or only the workpiece is/are raised or lowered parallel to the movement axis.

By raising the rotary table, when rotating the rotary table between different working positions or starting positions, an abrasive contact with the underlying tabletop that would otherwise occur, for example, can be avoided or at least reduced. The same applies to the lower tools and/or workpieces.

Each lower tool of the rotary table can be assigned its own axial drive unit in configurations, for example integrated into the forming table, so that workpieces are specifically raised in the respective working positions or can be lowered. In particular in such configurations, the axial drive can be activated or deactivated, for example depending on the type of the respective working position and in particular independently of other working positions.

The lifting device can, for example, be set up in such a way that it can be used independently of specific processing steps and/or approach positions.

Particularly in the case of a forming step, for example, the axial drive and/or the lifting unit can be activated in such a way that the workpiece, the lower tool and/or the rotary table is/are placed on a forming table, a base plate or a press plate of the screw press during the forming process itself rests on/s, so that the torques otherwise acting on the rotary table and the axis of rotation due to the eccentric arrangement of the axis of rotation are at least reduced, preferably completely avoided. In the case of the turntable arrangement proposed here, it is in particular possible for the turntable to have such a number of lower tools that, during proper operation, at least one lower tool is or can remain unoccupied in at least one machining step. For example, a care measure, as already explained above, can be carried out on the unoccupied lower tool.

The lower tools and forming positions can be selected, for example, in such a way that at least one of the lower tools is positioned outside the forging or forming area, in a second working position, during each forging or forming process. In this way, a finished forged workpiece can be removed comparatively easily or a blank can be inserted into a free lower tool without a loading and unloading device such as a robot arm working in the immediate vicinity or within the movement range of the ram would have to.

In particular, with three lower tools and four forming positions or stations, a corresponding configuration in which there is always a Lower tool is outside the working area of the ram in a second working position, can be achieved, for example, by increasing the length of the circular line of the turntable on which the lower tools are located, for example by 1/6 to 1/3, in particular by 1/4 to 1/3 is greater than the circular arc of this circular line covered by the cross-sectional area of the machining head or by the machining area or working area of the ram.

An unoccupied lower tool can, for example, be cleaned, cleaned, cooled, etc. in the unoccupied state. For example, after a workpiece has been removed from a lower tool, die maintenance, such as cooling or lubrication, can be implemented, whereby wear on the tool can be minimized and/or the manufacturing quality can be improved.

FIG. 1

eine Draufsicht auf einen Drehtisch einer Ausführungsform einer Spindelpresse gemäß der Erfindung,

FIG. 2

eine weitere Draufsicht auf den Drehtisch gemäß Fig. 1,

FIG. 3

eine Draufsicht auf einen Stößel,

FIG. 4

eine Übersicht über verschiedene Stadien eines Werkstücks gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels,

FIG. 5

eine Schnittansicht einer Anordnung mit Stößel und Drehtisch gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels,

FIG. 6

eine weitere Schnittansicht einer Anordnung mit Stößel und Drehtisch gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels,

FIG. 7

eine weitere Schnittansicht einer Anordnung mit Stößel und Drehtisch gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels;

FIG. 8 bis FIG. 13

eine Bearbeitungsabfolge von Werkstücken gemäß eines Ausführungsbeispiels; und

FIG. 14

eine schematische Ansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Spindelpresse.

The invention is explained in more detail below, also with regard to further features and advantages, on the basis of the description of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it

FIG. 1

a plan view of a turntable of an embodiment of a screw press according to the invention,

FIG. 2

another top view of the turntable according to FIG 1 ,

FIG. 3

a top view of a plunger,

FIG. 4

an overview of different stages of a workpiece according to an embodiment,

FIG. 5

a sectional view of an arrangement with ram and turntable according to an embodiment,

FIG. 6

a further sectional view of an arrangement with ram and turntable according to an embodiment,

FIG. 7

a further sectional view of an arrangement with ram and turntable according to an embodiment;

FIG. 8 to FIG. 13

a machining sequence of workpieces according to an embodiment; and

FIG. 14

a schematic view of a screw press according to the invention.

Corresponding parts and components in FIG. 1 to FIG. 14 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

Like in particular FIG. 14 As can be seen, the screw press 13 comprises a ram 9 mounted on a frame 14 and a crosshead 15 in a motor-driven manner for performing an up and down movement, on the underside of which a machining head 16 with at least one upper tool holder 10 is arranged or fastened.

The processing area 17 of the spindle press 13 is located in the axial projection below the processing head 16 or the ram 9, the diameter and transverse extent of which is approximately the same in the present case.

The screw press 13 also includes a rotary table 1 arranged below the ram 9 or the spindle (not shown) provided for driving the ram 9 on a lower forming table or carrier 5, such as a table top be.

The rotary table 1 is rotatably mounted about an axis of rotation M _D , the axis of rotation M _D being offset transversely with respect to a spindle axis M _S of the spindle available for driving the ram 9 , ie spaced transversely to the axial direction of the spindle axis M _S . In the present case, the spindle axis M _S coincides with the movement axis of the machining head 16 .

By this parallel offset axis of rotation M _D of the turntable 1 is set up and rotatably mounted in a transverse plane 18 that each of the Workpiece holders 8, ie each lower tool 8 arranged on the turntable 1, can be transferred by rotating the turntable 1 into a first working position 19 located within the machining area 17 and into at least one second working position 20 located outside of the machining area 17.

The second working position(s) 20 is (are) located laterally outside of the cross-sectional area Q of the machining head 16 in axial projection with respect to the movement axis Ms, the cross-sectional area Q of the machining head 16 being congruent with the cross-sectional area Q of the ram 9, as in the example shown can. The first working position(s) 19 are arranged within the cross-sectional area Q when viewed in axial projection.

A drive unit 21 is coupled to the turntable 1 for driving the turntable 1, particularly in a synchronized manner with the up and down movement of the ram 9, for example, to rotate the turntable 1 in a clockwise or counterclockwise motion. The drive unit 21 can also have a lifting unit (see Fig. FIG. 5 to FIG. 7 ) with which the rotary table 1 and/or the lower tools 8 and/or the workpieces 11 located in the lower tools can be raised and lowered in the axial direction.

FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the rotary table 1, which is arranged rotatably on the lower carrier 5, for example a forming table or a press plate, as a component of the screw press 13.

A circular path 2 is indicated within the area of the turntable 1 , on which several approach positions 4 or working positions are provided, which can be approached along the circular path 2 by rotating the turntable 1 .

The circular path 2 is also divided into several circular sectors 3 of equal size, which are defined by a basic angle of rotation a. These give the same time Distance or opening angle between the individual approach positions 4, which are arranged at the respective ends of the circular arc of the circular sectors 3. The value of the basic angle of rotation α can be adapted to the respectively required number of approach positions 4, for example 60 degrees, or else 90 degrees or 120 degrees.

FIG. 2 shows the same representation of the turntable 1 with an exemplary occupation with lower tools 8, or workpiece holders, on the turntable 1. The lower tools 8 are for loading or equipping with (in FIG. 4 shown) workpieces 11 and for transport to a designated approach position 4 in order to be able to machine the workpieces 11, e.g.

FIG. 3 shows a top view of a ram 9 or machining head 16, which can be moved in a straight line along the movement axis Ms relative to the lower support 5 for machining a workpiece 11, for example by being coupled to a spindle (not shown). The plunger 9 is not the one shown Limited shape and can, for example, be formed around.

In the exemplary embodiment, the representation of the spindle or ram 9 or the machining area 17 is limited to a circular area denoted here by the spindle circle 7, which corresponds to the diameter of the spindle or its projection, with the spindle axis M _S intersecting the transverse to the movement axis running ram axes A1 and A2 of the ram 9 coincides. The center of the ram 9 and the spindle, or the spindle circle 7, thus coincide in the present example.

The circular path 2 runs around an axis of rotation M _D of the turntable 1, which is arranged offset parallel to the spindle axis M _S in such a way that at least one circular segment of a circular sector 3 is always located within the spindle circle 7, in particular in the machining area 17, while at the same time the Circular path 7 and thus at least one approach position 4 over the edge of the ram 9, in particular the processing area 17, protrudes.

The radius R _D of the rotary table 1 is, for example, twice as large as the diameter D _S of the spindle and about the same size or larger than half a side length L of the ram 9. The rotary table 1 is, as in FIG. 3 shown, arranged eccentrically to the spindle axis M _S , ie spindle axis M _S and axis of rotation M _D of the turntable 1 are spaced apart.

The circular line 2 can, as in particular FIG. 1 and 2 can be removed, lie on the turntable 1 slightly outside of half the radius length of the turntable 1, the diameter of the lower tools 8 being slightly smaller, for example 1/4 smaller than the radius of the turntable 1.

It is thus possible, for example, for a lower tool 8 to be in a central position below the ram 9 and thus below a machining tool connected to the ram 9 during machining that a maximum load or force load can be applied to the workpiece 11 for forming. For example, a first working position 19 that is comparatively centered with respect to the ram axis _MS , for example within the spindle circle 7, can be used for finishing, in particular for a finish forging process, while first working positions 19 that are further away from the ram axis _MS are used to produce preforms and other upstream ones Forging processes can be used in which comparatively small forming forces or forging forces occur.

Another lower tool 8 is located outside of the cross-sectional area Q of the machining head 16 or the ram 9, viewed in axial projection, in particular outside of the machining area 17, where the workpiece 11 can be removed from the lower tool 8 in an operating area 6, for example. Respectively, an empty lower tool 8 in this operating area 6 can be equipped with a workpiece 11 to be machined, also e.g. B. while another workpiece 11 at a first working position 19 just taking place forming process. It is also possible to carry out die care on the lower tools 8 at an approach position located in the operating area 6 or outside the machining area 17, for example for cleaning, lubricating and/or cooling the lower tools 8.

In FIG. 3 is also shown by way of example that the ram 9 comprises a plurality of upper tool holders 10 with upper tools 22 inserted therein, which interact with the lower tools 8 during machining. For this purpose, the upper tool holders 10 and upper tools 22 are arranged along a circular path 7 analogously to the lower tools 8 . The number and design of the upper tools 22 can be varied as desired depending on the intended use and is not limited to the exemplary representation of this description. Upper and lower tools as well as approach positions are aligned with one another with respect to the axial direction, ie in the direction of the movement axis M _S , with directly adjacent upper and lower tools or approach positions can have an angular spacing of 120 degrees or 60 degrees.

FIG. 4 shows an exemplary sequence of stages in the forming processing of a workpiece 11 into a stub shaft. The stage a ₀ shows the workpiece 11 in the unmachined initial form. In stages a and b, the workpiece 11 undergoes a first and a second coning process, respectively. At stage c the tapered workpiece is preformed and at stage d the preformed workpiece 11 is finish forged into the final shape comprising a shank with a head formed thereon.

The upper tool holders 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d arranged by way of example in FIG. 3 are designed according to these forming stages and interact in a corresponding manner with the lower tools 8 arranged on the turntable 1, which take up the workpieces 11 and are brought into the corresponding approach position 4 by rotating the turntable 1.

As in synopsis with FIG. 3 As can be seen, the upper tool holders 10a and 10b for generating the workpiece stages a and b are located in the eccentric area of the ram 9 and outside of the spindle circle 7. In the example shown, the central axes of the tool holders 10a and 10b intersect the center of the circular path 2.

In the coning processes of the upper tool holders 10a and 10b, lower forming forces occur than in the forging of the preform and final form, which can easily be absorbed in the approach positions 4 that are eccentric with respect to the spindle axis M _S .

Due to the greater forming forces occurring during preforming and finish forging, the workpiece stages c and d are positioned at approach positions 4 within or near the edge of the spindle circle 7 in order to be able to reliably absorb the comparatively greater forming forces. Additionally is in FIG. 3 a gripping tool 10e shown, which is designed for Removal or insertion of a workpiece 11 into a lower tool 8 in the surgical area 6.

In the FIG. 5 to 7 the construction of upper and lower tools according to the exemplary embodiment is illustrated in more detail.

FIG. 5 shows the ram 9 comprising the upper tool holders 10a and 10b with upper tools 22, which in the present exemplary embodiment have conical surfaces 23 with different cone angles.

The workpieces 11 are placed in the lower tools 8 , the lower tools 8 being clamped or fixed in tool holders 24 , for example chucks and the like, so that the lower tools 8 are supported on the turntable 1 via the tool holders 24 . In this way, the workpieces 11 can be rotated together with a rotation of the turntable 1 relative to the lower support 5, i. H. the table top, are moved into corresponding approach positions 4 under the respective upper tools 22 located in the upper tool holders 10a to 10d.

The rotary table 1 and the lower support 5 have axial openings at the respective working positions or approach positions 4, which in the present example are arranged centrally and are aligned parallel to the spindle axis in the respective approach position.

The axial openings can be provided as a displacement volume into which excess material can escape during the forming process when the forming tools are closed. For example, the openings can be designed in such a way that a part of the workpiece 11, for example a shank of the workpiece 11 extending from a plate produced by the forging processes, can be accommodated therein.

In the lower area of the openings, specifically in the contact area between the lower support 5 and the rotary table 1, there is one in at least one of the openings Bushing 26 used. A respective socket 26 is mounted in a longitudinally displaceable manner along the respective opening, which is illustrated in the figures by a double arrow.

The socket 26 is at least in the working positions of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 on a sliding strip 27 embedded in the lower support 5, along which, for example, the bushing 26 can slide during one of the rotary movements of the turntable 1.

In the approach position or working position of the FIG. 7 , in which the workpiece is finish-forged, the sliding strip can be interrupted, for example, and the bushing 26 can be removed with the lifting ram 12 lowered, as in FIG FIG. 7 shown, immerse in a lower support 5, ie the table top, introduced recess 28 or recess, or a deeper recording. For example, the bushing 26 can be coupled to the lifting ram 12 or power ram 12 so that the bushing 26 can be retracted into the recess 28 with it.

The bushing 26 can, for example, be designed to be displaceable by a distance of 10 mm to 20 mm or less, so that, for example during a forming process, material displaced from the forming volume can be re-injected in the axial direction. The degree of lowering of the bushing 26 can be adapted, for example, to the requirements relating to mass displacement or material flow required for a particular workpiece as a result of a forming process. The degree to which the bushing 26 is lowered can be set, for example, by setting the drive tappet 12 accordingly.

A forged bushing 29 is arranged in the depression 28 . The length of the forged bushing 29 is chosen such that the bushing 26 facing end of the forged bushing 29 in the assembled state as in FIG FIG. 7 shown, is set back in relation to the edge of the depression 28, such that the offset between the end of the forged bushing 29 and the edge of the depression 28 corresponds to that length by which the bushing when re-shooting in the depression 28 is immersed. The forged bushing 29 can, as in FIG. 7 be arranged coaxially to the movement axis or spindle axis M _S and concentrically to the drive ram 12 shown. The forged bushing 29 can be inserted into the depression so that it can be exchanged, so that forged bushings 29 of different lengths can be used, so that the degree of re-shooting can be changed by inserting forged bushings of different lengths into the depression. in the in FIG. 7 The operating state shown, in which the bushing 26 is immersed in the recess 28, the bushing 26 rests on the forged bushing 29. In that regard, the forged bushing 29 can be viewed as a depth stop for the bushing 26 when re-shooting.

By immersing the bushing 26 in the depression 28, i.e. by lowering the bushing 26 parallel to the forging axis, i.e. the axis of movement of the machining head 16, the volume of the opening in which the bushing 26 is arranged can be increased.

An increase in the volume of the opening is particularly necessary or useful when an associated forging or forming process leads or can lead to the material of the machined workpiece 11 having to escape from the forming zone into the opening when the forging tools 8, 22 are closed. which in the example shown during the finish forging of the workpiece 11, specifically the plate of the workpiece 11, in the approach position FIG. 7 can occur.

Lowering the bushing 26 is also advantageous insofar as it is possible in this way to compensate for, for example, tolerance-related differences in the length of the unmachined workpieces (a ₀ ).

After the respective forging or forming process, the bushing 26 can be raised by moving the lifting ram 12 in such a way that the bottom of the bushing 26 is at the level of the upper side of the sliding strip 27 and can slide on it, so that the rotary table 1 can continue to rotate is or will

At the same time as the bushing 26 is being raised, the workpiece, e.g.

In FIG. 6 is the preforming process, and in FIG. 7 Finish forging for the workpiece stages c and d shown with the respective upper and lower tools. For this purpose, the correspondingly shaped upper tools 22 are arranged on the ram 9 on corresponding upper tool holders 10c and 10d in order to be able to machine the workpiece 11 . The upper tool 22 inserted into the upper tool holder 10c has a rectangular forming zone 25, and the upper tool 22 inserted into the upper tool holder 10d has a negative shape corresponding to the target shape of the workpiece 11 as forming zone 25.

To generate the respective stage a, b, c or d, the ram 9 is moved relative to the axis of rotation M _D of the turntable 1 by means of the operative connection to the spindle, not shown, in order to exert a force on the workpieces 11 via the upper tools 22, which is Lower tools 8 are included and are positioned on the circular path 2 in an approach position 4 each exactly below the corresponding upper tools 22 for forming processing.

As in the FIG. 5 to 7 As can be seen, the workpieces 11 can be operatively connected to the lifting ram 12 in the respective approach position 4 . The lifting tappet 12 can, for example, comprise a lifting cylinder and be set up in such a way that the workpiece 11 can be lifted in a targeted manner. For example, the workpiece 11 can be raised immediately after forming and lowered again when the next forming position is reached. Furthermore, it is possible that the workpiece 11 is lifted at least during the movement of the workpiece 11 between the approach positions 4, so that the formed section is lifted from the lower tool 8, whereby, for example, the heat input into the lower tool 8 can be reduced. The lifting ram 12 can also be used as an ejector rod or ram in order to lift the workpiece 11 after completion, so that it can be removed more easily from the lower tool 8 in the second working position 20, for example.

The lifting ram 12 is not limited to use for a parallel offset rotary table 1, but can also be used in the same way for a centrally arranged rotary table, i.e. a rotary table whose axis of rotation coincides with the spindle axis of the screw press. Such a lifting function and lifting device can also be used in the case of a linear conveyance of the workpieces 11, in particular in the case of forming devices without a rotary table.

In configurations, it can be provided that the rotary table 1 together with the lower tool holders or workpiece holders 8 and any lower tools 8 located therein can be designed to be raised parallel to the axis of rotation M _D or spindle axis M _S .

By raising the turntable 1 relative to, for example, the table top, i. H. the lower support 5, the friction occurring between the table top and the turntable 1 when the turntable 1 rotates can be at least reduced.

For lifting the turntable, a correspondingly designed lifting unit can comprise, for example, one or more rollers which are accommodated in or on the lower support 5, i.e. the table top, and which lift the turntable 1 relative to the lower support 5 when actuated. The lifting unit can, for example, comprise four rollers. In configurations, a stroke of the lifting unit can be 2 mm, for example.

FIG. 8 to FIG. 13 show a machining sequence in steps I to VI of workpieces 11 according to an exemplary embodiment in which lower tools 8a, 8b and 8c are arranged along circular path 2. As already explained, There are several approach positions 4 at the respective points of the circular arc of the circular sectors 3 of the circular path 2 on the turntable 1, which can be approached by the lower tools 8a, 8b and 8c by rotating the turntable 1 accordingly, in order to move them together with the inserted workpieces 11a, 11b , 11c below an upper tool 22 according to FIG FIG. 3 to position for the purpose of processing.

In this exemplary embodiment, the basic angle of rotation α is 60 degrees. It is now possible to move the rotary table 1 in rotary steps D with positive or negative multiples of the basic angle of rotation a, in order to bring the lower tools 8a, 8b and 8c into the corresponding machining positions.

A sequence of processing steps is described below for the in FIG. 8 to FIG. 13 Workpiece 11 marked with an asterisk for better understanding is described.

In step I after FIG. 8th the lower tool 8a is in the operating area 6 and a workpiece 11a in the state a ₀ is inserted into it by means of the gripping tool 10e. In parallel, during this step, a workpiece 11b that has already been placed in the lower tool 8b and is already in workpiece stage b is subjected to preforming for workpiece stage c. As can be seen, the lower tool 8b is located essentially within the spindle circle 7, so that it is in a central position below the ram 9, so that comparatively high forming forces can be applied. The lower tool 8c initially remains unoccupied.

The tool for inserting the workpiece can be provided with a robot arm, for example, which can be moved automatically and synchronously with the ram 9 or the forming cycle or the forming movements of the ram 9, but independently of the specific movement of the ram 9.

For further processing in step II after FIG. 9 the rotary table 1 is moved in a rotary step D by 1×60 degrees to the left, ie +60 degrees. The lower tool 8b is now in a second approach position 4 essentially within the spindle circle 7 and the inserted workpiece 11b is finish-forged for the workpiece stage d by the upper tool 22 of the upper tool holder 10d to the final shape. In parallel, the workpiece 11a placed in the lower tool 8a is subjected to the first taper for the workpiece stage a by the upper tool 22 of the upper tool holder 10a. At the same time, die care, eg cooling, lubrication, cleaning, etc., can be carried out on the unoccupied lower tool 8c.

For editing in step III after FIG. 10 the rotary table 1 is moved in a rotary step D by 3x60 degrees to the right, ie -180 degrees. A rotation of 3x60 degrees to the left, ie +180 degrees, would also be possible at this point. The lower tool 8a is now in an approach position 4 below the upper tool 22 of the upper tool holder 10b for the second coning of the workpiece 11b for workpiece stage b. The lower tool 8b, on the other hand, is located in the operating area 6 for removing the finished workpiece.

For step IV after FIG. 11 the rotary table is moved in a rotary step D of 2x60 degrees to the right, i.e. -120 degrees, so that the previously unoccupied lower tool 8c can be loaded with an unmachined workpiece 11c using the gripping tool 10e, while the lower tool 8a is located within the spindle circle 7 for Preforming the inserted workpiece 11.

The lower tool 8b emptied in step III also remains unoccupied in the subsequent steps V and VI in order to be able to carry out die maintenance, for example in step V. In the other unoccupied positions, the lower tool 8b or die can cool down for a subsequent operation.

After preforming to workpiece stage c (cf. FIG. 11 ) the rotary table is rotated 1x60 degrees counterclockwise, ie +60 degrees, and is thus positioned under the upper tool 22 set in the upper tool holder 10d, where the work 11a is finish forged by operating the upper tool 22 to the work stage d.

After finish forging, the rotary table 1 is rotated further by 3x60 degrees to the right, i. H. -180 degrees, whereby the workpiece 11a is brought into the second working position, in which it can be removed from the lower tool 8a.

In further processing steps, the processing and forming of further workpieces can be repeated analogously to steps I to VI explained above. For example, after removing the workpiece 11a after step VI of FIG. 13 the turntable 2×60 degrees to the right, ie -120 degrees, are further rotated, and the lower tool 8 then located in the second working position 20 is loaded. In this way it can be achieved that the lower tool 8a from which a finish-forged workpiece 11a is removed initially remains unoccupied in order to be able to carry out die maintenance on it, for example.

In configurations and variants of the spindle press proposed here, the diameter of the spindle can be 600 mm, for example. For example, the spindle press can be designed in such a way that the spindle has a maximum stroke of approx. 550 mm. A support plate 16 designed to accommodate upper tools can have a width and/or length of approximately 1250 mm transversely to the spindle axis Ms, with a center distance between adjacent tool receptacles for upper tools being approximately 425 mm. A thickness of the lower support, i.e. the table top, can be around 250 mm for a thickness of the turntable of around 400 mm.

With the screw press proposed herein and developments thereof, in particular with the proposed arrangement of the turntable and/or with the proposed axial drive, it is possible in particular to carry out appropriate die care for each individual lower tool 8a to 8c, while sufficient workpieces can be machined or fitted or removed in parallel in the required sequence without loss of time.

Reference List

1

turntable

2

circular path

3

circular sector

4

approach position

5

lower strap

6

surgical area

7

spindle circle

8, 8a, 8b, 8c

lower tool

9

pestle

10, 10a...10d

upper tool holder

10e

gripping tool

11, 11a, 11b, 11c

workpiece

12

Lifting tappet, drive tappet

13

screw press

14

frame

15

crosshead

16

processing head

17

editing area

18

transverse plane

19

first working position

20

second working position

21

drive unit

22

upper tool

23

conical surface

24

tool holder

25

forming zone

26

Rifle

27

sliding strip

28

deepening

29

forged bush

A1, A2

tappet axles

md

Axis of rotation rotary table

MS

Spindle axis ram, axis of movement

a

basic angle of rotation

D

turning step

a0, a...d

workpiece stages

I...VI

processing steps

RD

Radius turntable

DS

Diameter spindle

Q

Cross sectional area

Claims (15)

1. Spindle press (13) comprising:

   a) a machining head (16) guided movably along an axis of movement for the forming machining of at least one workpiece (11), comprising a tool plate with a plurality of different machining tools (22) mounted thereon, wherein

   a') the spindle press (13) comprises a plunger (9) and the machining head (16) is formed or attached to the plunger (9), and

   b) a machining area (17) opposite the machining head (16) with at least one machining station designed for forming machining of the workpiece (11), and further comprising

   c) a rotary table (1) with an axis of rotation (M_D) parallel to the direction of movement, the axis of rotation (M_D) being spaced from the spindle or plunger axis (M_S) running parallel to the axis of movement in a direction transverse to the axis of rotation (MD), and a plurality of lower tools (8) arranged offset from one another in the circumferential direction with respect to the axis of rotation (M_D), wherein

   d) the turntable (1) is rotatably mounted, wherein

   e) the angular spacing of the lower tools (8) on the rotary table (1) is selected in such a way that forming steps can be carried out at least partially in parallel, and wherein

   f) the machining tools (22) are positioned in such a way that forming operations which require comparatively high forming forces can be carried out in the region of the plunger center, and forming operations with comparatively low forming forces can be carried out in regions further away from the plunger center,

   characterized in that
   the rotary table (1) is designed in such a way, that each of the lower tools (8) can be transferred by rotation of the rotary table (1) into at least one first working position (19) located within the machining area (17), and into at least one second working position (20), which, in axial projection with respect to the axis of movement (M_S), is located laterally outside a cross-sectional area (Q) of the machining head (16).
2. Spindle press (13) according to claim 1, wherein the rotary table (1) and machining head (16) are configured in such a way that a lower tool (8) designed for feeding and/or holding a workpiece (11) is located laterally outside the cross-sectional area (Q) of the machining head (16) in the second working position (20).
3. Spindle press (13) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one second working position (20) in axial projection with respect to the axis of movement (M_S) is further located laterally outside a cross-sectional area (Q) of the plunger (9).
4. Spindle press (13) according to one of the claims 1 to 3, comprising the rotary table (1) with sub-tools (8), wherein the sub-tools (8) are arranged on the rotary table (1) of the spindle press (13) along a circular line (2) and have predetermined angular distances from one another with respect to the axis of rotation (M_D) of the rotary table (1), wherein an angular distance between two directly adjacent sub-tools (8) is preferably 60 degrees, 90 degrees or 120 degrees, and wherein the sub-tools (8) are preferably arranged equally distributed along the circular line (2), and/or wherein optionally the spindle or plunger axis, viewed in axial projection, is located within that circular line (2) on which the centers of the sub-tools (8) of the rotary table (1) are located.
5. Spindle press (13) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one of the at least one second working position (20) is provided and designed to perform maintenance measures on a lower tool (8) located in the one second working position (20), wherein the spindle press (13) optionally comprises a maintenance device designed to perform at least one corresponding maintenance measure, wherein the maintenance device is optionally designed to perform lubrication, cleaning and/or cooling on the respective lower tool (8).
6. Spindle press (13) according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising at least one axial drive (12) or at least one lifting unit (12), which is/are designed to, to displace the rotary table (1) of the spindle press (13) and/or at least one lower tool (8) and/or at least one workpiece (11) located in the lower tool (8) parallel to the axis of movement of the machining head (16) of the spindle press (13), wherein the axial drive (12) or the lifting unit (12) preferably at least partially on or in a forming table (5), on or in a turntable mount designed for mounting the turntable (1) on the forming table (5) and/or on or in the turntable (1), the axial drive (12) or the lifting unit (12) optionally comprising at least one reciprocatingly mounted drive plunger (12) by means of which the turntable (1), the workpiece mount (8), the lower tool (8) and/or the workpiece (11) can be moved parallel to the axis of movement.
7. Spindle press (13) according to claim 6, comprising at least one drive plunger (12), wherein the rotary table (1) is arranged on a forming table (5) which, on the side facing the rotary table (1), has one or more apertures (28) through which the at least one drive plunger (12) can move or engage, so that the corresponding workpiece (11) can be moved relative to the rotary table (1) or to the lower tool (8) when positioned in a working position equipped with a drive plunger (12).
8. Spindle press (13) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the axial drive (12) is designed in such a way that in at least one working position (8) the drive plunger (12) can be lowered in relation to further working positions (8), so that during a forming operation associated with the working position (8) an expansion of the workpiece material in the direction of the lowered drive plunger (12) is possible, wherein the drive plunger (12) is optionally arranged and designed in such a way that it can be lowered relative to a workpiece support level, and that after corresponding forming and associated expansion of the workpiece material in the direction of the drive plunger (12), the drive plunger (12) can be moved in the direction of the rotary table (1).
9. Spindle press (13) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a forming table (5) associated with the processing area (17), or, if dependent on patent claim 6 or 7, the forming table (5) according to an embodiment according to claim 6 or according to claim 7, wherein the rotary table (1) is attached to the forming table (5) by means of an adapter unit, wherein the adapter unit is designed and can be coupled to the forming table (5) and the rotary table (1) in such a way that the axis of rotation (M_D) of the rotary table (1) is arranged at a distance from the spindle or plunger axis (M_S).
10. Spindle press (13) according to one of the claims 1 to 9, comprising a spindle designed to drive the machining head (16), wherein at least one machining tool (22) of the machining head (16) has a center axis running parallel to the axis of movement (M_S), which axis, viewed in axial projection, lies laterally inside, at the edge of or directly adjacent to the spindle cross-sectional surface (7), and/or wherein, viewed in axial projection, a connecting axis of the centers of two, in particular adjacent, machining tools (22) or machining tool holders extends through the center point of the spindle circle (7) defined by the outer circumference of the spindle in axial projection.
11. Method for forming processing of a workpiece (11) with a spindle press (13) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps:

    a) transferring one of the lower tools (8) of the rotary table (1) into one of the at least one second working positions (20) located laterally outside the cross-sectional area (Q) of the machining head (16) by rotating the rotary table (1) about its axis of rotation (M_D);

    b) inserting the workpiece (11) into the lower tool (8) located in the second working position (20);

    c) rotating the rotary table (1) about its axis of rotation (M_D) in such a way that the workpiece (11) is transferred from the second working position (20) to one of the at least one first working positions (19);

    d) activation of the machining head (16, 10) for forming machining of the workpiece (11);

    e) optional rotation of the rotary table (1) about its axis of rotation (M_D) and transfer of the workpiece (11) to a further first working position (19),

    f) transferring the workpiece (11) to the second working position (20), or to a further second working position (20) located laterally outside the cross-sectional area of the machining head (16); and

    g) removing the workpiece (11) from the lower tool (8) located in the second (20) or further second working position (20), wherein

    h) forming operations requiring comparatively high forming forces are carried out in the area of the plunger center, and forming operations with comparatively low forming forces are carried out in areas further away from the plunger center.
12. Method according to claim 11, wherein

    a) the rotary table (1) is rotated synchronously with the activation or deactivation of the machining head (16, 10), preferably by an integral fraction of a full angle in each case, and wherein the direction of rotation of the rotary table (1) is preferably reversed at least once during the machining cycle of the workpiece (11), and/or

    b) at least one of the lower tools (8), in particular one lower tool (8), is unoccupied during a complete operating cycle for producing the workpiece, in particular always, at least one, preferably exactly one, of the lower tools (8).
13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the lower tools (8) are arranged offset from one another by an angle of 120 degrees with respect to the axis of rotation (M₀), and a lower tool (8) equipped with a workpiece (11) is transferred successively, starting from the second working position (20), into a plurality of first working positions (19) arranged offset from one another by an angle of 60 degrees with respect to the axis of rotation (M₀) for the forming machining of the workpiece (11), wherein preferably four first working positions (19) arranged offset relative to one another are traversed according to a movement pattern according to which the lower tool (8) is rotated by +60 degrees, +180 degrees or -180 degrees, -120 degrees and +60 degrees by rotation of the rotary table (1) starting from the second working position (20), and is then transferred again by rotation through an angle of -180 degrees or +180 degrees into the second working position (20) for removal of the workpiece (11).
14. Method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein at least one of the at least one second working position (20) is provided for performing maintenance measures on a lower tool (8) located in the one second working position (20), and wherein the method further comprises performing a maintenance measure on a lower tool (8) located in the one second working position (20), wherein the maintenance measure optionally comprises lubricating, cleaning and/or cooling the lower tool (8).
15. Method according to one of claims 11 to 14, wherein during at least one machining step and/or at least between two machining steps the rotary table (1) and/or the lower tool (8) is/are raised or lowered together with the workpiece (11) or only the workpiece (11) parallel to the axis of motion.

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