EP0277581A2 - Device for the separation of charged particles from a fluid current - Google Patents

Device for the separation of charged particles from a fluid current Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0277581A2
EP0277581A2 EP88101070A EP88101070A EP0277581A2 EP 0277581 A2 EP0277581 A2 EP 0277581A2 EP 88101070 A EP88101070 A EP 88101070A EP 88101070 A EP88101070 A EP 88101070A EP 0277581 A2 EP0277581 A2 EP 0277581A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
flow
throughflow
outer tube
coil
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP88101070A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0277581A3 (en
EP0277581B1 (en
Inventor
Karlheinz Nolte
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Metzka Hans-Joachim
Schreiter Sonja
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Metzka Hans-Joachim
Schreiter Sonja
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Priority to AT88101070T priority Critical patent/ATE71855T1/en
Publication of EP0277581A2 publication Critical patent/EP0277581A2/en
Publication of EP0277581A3 publication Critical patent/EP0277581A3/en
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Publication of EP0277581B1 publication Critical patent/EP0277581B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/023—Separation using Lorentz force, i.e. deflection of electrically charged particles in a magnetic field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/025—High gradient magnetic separators
    • B03C1/031—Component parts; Auxiliary operations
    • B03C1/033—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit
    • B03C1/0335—Component parts; Auxiliary operations characterised by the magnetic circuit using coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/28—Magnetic plugs and dipsticks
    • B03C1/288—Magnetic plugs and dipsticks disposed at the outer circumference of a recipient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for separating the electrically charged particles present in a fluid from the fluid and for separating the particles by means of an electrical and by means of a magnetic field, through which the fluid with the electrically charged particles is moved.
  • a device for separating the electrically charged particles present in a fluid from the fluid and for separating the particles by means of an electrical and by means of a magnetic field, through which the fluid with the electrically charged particles is moved.
  • a device for separating the electrically charged particles present in a fluid from the fluid and for separating the particles by means of an electrical and by means of a magnetic field, through which the fluid with the electrically charged particles is moved.
  • the electrically charged particles are attracted to either the positive or the negatively charged electrode depending on their polarity.
  • the attraction of the electrically charged particles is not only dependent on the field strength of the electric field, but also on the flow velocity of the fluid and thus of the electrically charged particles transported with the fluid.
  • the negatively charged particles are not separated from one another or the positively charged particles are not separated from one another, so that separate recovery of the individual elements of the electrically charged particles is hardly possible.
  • GB-PS 13 49 995 describes a particle separation device in which also a electric field and a magnetic field are combined.
  • the electrodes for generating the electrostatic field are designed as concentric rings, which are provided concentrically on the bottom of a housing to an inlet opening of the device.
  • the magnetic device for generating the magnetic field has two cores which are surrounded by an excitation coil. The cores with the excitation coils are provided outside the housing of this device.
  • This device is not intended to separate particles conveyed by a fluid from the fluid and separate them in the device, but rather to load a particle stream into the device and to separate the different particles from one another in the device.
  • the particle mixture entering the device forms an electrically conductive gas there, as described on page 2, lines 114 and 116 of GB-PS 13 49 995.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device with which a selective separation of the charged particles present in a fluid is possible, the various particles in the device being separated from the fluid at separate locations and being recoverable.
  • the electrodes can be arranged outside the throughflow device so that they are not attacked by the fluid.
  • the throughflow device is made of a material by which the electric field is not shielded. If the gaseous or preferably liquid fluid has no aggressive components, it is possible to arrange the electrodes in the interior of the throughflow device.
  • the flow-through device can be tubular, cylindrical, prismatic or any other design.
  • the magnetic device is designed as a coil which is arranged coaxially with the throughflow device.
  • a coil can be arranged in a simple and space-saving manner on the throughflow device.
  • the magnet device has two coils which are arranged one inside the other.
  • the outer coil is preferably arranged on an outer tube which has recesses in its outer surface
  • the inner coil is preferably arranged on an inner tube which is arranged concentrically with the outer tube
  • the outer tube and the inner tube are preferably arranged upright in a housing, wherein that forming an overflow Inner tube is connected to a drain line and the outer tube is connected to an inlet line.
  • the recesses in the outer tube of a device of the type according to the invention can be covered with a filter element.
  • This filter element can, for example, be a filter cloth.
  • the electrodes for generating an electrical field are preferably arranged radially outside the outer tube. In this way, the individual turns of the coil, which are preferably at a certain distance from one another, only slightly impair the electrical field present between the electrodes.
  • a plurality of throughflow devices can be arranged standing next to one another, the outflow line of an inner tube being connected to the inflow line of the adjacent throughflow device.
  • a diaphragm wall can be provided between adjacent flow devices. With such an arrangement of the device it is possible that certain chemical elements bypassing the normal flow path, i.e. bypassing the inflow and outflow line of adjacent flow devices can be transported directly through the diaphragm wall.
  • the outer coil has a material cross section that is different from the material cross section for the inner coil. In this way it is possible to set the magnetic field strength as desired depending on the wire cross section of the coils, as a result of which the migration of the electrically charged particles is either accelerated or slowed down as desired. This also makes it possible to further improve the selection of the various electrically charged chemical elements.
  • the traveling speed of the electrically charged particles caused by the electric field can be increased or optionally reduced by the magnetic field that is effective in addition to the electric field, so that the individual particles of different chemical elements or compositions can be used as desired Fluid can be directed through and separated from the fluid at a desired location.
  • the fluid is in particular a liquid, for example a wastewater loaded with particles to be separated out.
  • FIGS 1 and 2 show a housing 10 through which two flow devices 12 and 14 are determined.
  • a wall 16 with a diaphragm 18 is arranged between the two throughflow devices 12 and 14.
  • the throughflow device 12 has an inner tube 20 and an outer tube 22 coaxially surrounding the inner tube 20.
  • the outer tube 22 is arranged tightly between the bottom 24 and the cover 26 of the throughflow device 12.
  • the outer tube 22 has recesses 28 in its central region, through which the inner space 30 between the inner tube 20 and the outer tube 22 with a collecting space 32 surrounding the outer tube 22 is fluid connected is.
  • a filter element 38 is arranged on the outside of the outer tube 22 and covers the recesses 28 of the outer tube 22.
  • This filter element 38 is designed as a filter cloth.
  • Reference numeral 40 designates an outer coil which surrounds the filter device and thus the outer tube 22. The individual turns of the outer coil 40 are at a certain distance from one another, so that the electrical field present between the electrodes 42 and 44 of the flow-through device 12 is hardly affected by the outer coil 40.
  • the electrodes 42 and 44 are in the collecting space surrounding the outer tube 22 32 arranged and electrically conductively connected to connections (not shown).
  • An inner coil 46 surrounds the inner tube 20.
  • the inner and outer tubes 20 and 22 are preferably made of a plastic material.
  • the inner tube 20 is designed as a standing overflow. It is kept at a distance from the outer tube 22 by means of a spacer 48, which is designed, for example, as a perforated plate made of a plastic material.
  • Reference numeral 50 denotes a cover flange which is designed with a degassing valve 52. Another degassing valve 52 is arranged in the cover 26 of the throughflow device 12.
  • Reference numeral 54 denotes a supply line for the fluid, which opens through the floor 24 into the interior 30 of the throughflow device 12.
  • the inner tube 20 is connected to a drain line 56, which forms the feed line for the adjacent flow device 14.
  • the flow-through device 14 is constructed exactly the same as the flow-through device 12, so that it is not necessary to go into the individual parts of this flow-through device 14 again in detail.
  • an anion concentrate is formed in the collecting space 32 of the throughflow device 12 at the top and a cation concentrate is deposited at the bottom, while an anion concentrate is deposited at the bottom in the outer space 32 of the throughflow device 14 and a cation concentrate is deposited at the top.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

A device for the separation of electrically charged particles present in a flow medium from this flow medium and for the precipitation of the particles by means of an electrical and a magnetic field is described. For the selective separation of the particles of differing chemical composition, there is a throughflow apparatus (12, 14), the longitudinal axis of which is aligned with the direction of flow of the flow medium. There are electrodes (42, 44) which are oriented at least approximately parallel to the direction of flow of the flow medium. To generate a magnetic field within the throughflow apparatus (12, 14), a magnetic arrangement (40, 46) is provided. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Trennung der in einem Strömungsmittel vorhandenen elektrisch geladenen Partikel vom Strömungsmittel und zur Abscheidung der Partikel mittels eines elektrischen und mittels eines magnetischen Feldes, durch welches das Strömungsmittel mit den elektrischen geladenen Partikeln hindurchbewegt wird. Zur Reinigung von Abwässern, zur Rückgewinnung von Metallen aus flüssigen oder gasförmigen Strömungsmitteln o.dgl. werden beispielsweise Vorrichtungen angewandt, bei welchen die im Strömungsmittel vorhandenen Partikel dadurch elektrisch aufgeladen werden, dass sie während der Bewegung im Strömungsmittel aneinander und an den Strömungsmittelpartikeln reiben. Selbstverständlich können die Partikel auch durch andere physikalische Einflüsse elektrisch geladen werden. Die Trennung der im Strömungsmittel vorhandenen elektrisch geladenen Partikel vom Strömungsmittel kann unter dem Einfluss eines elektrischen Feldes erfolgen, durch welches das Strömungsmittel hindurchgeleitet wird. Dabei werden die elektrisch geladenen Partikel je nach ihrer Polarität entweder an die positiv oder an die negativ geladene Elektrode angezogen. Die Anziehung der elektrisch geladenen Partikel ist dabei nicht nur von der Feldstärke des elektrischen Feldes abhängig, sondern auch von der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Strömungsmittels und damit der mit dem Strömungsmittel transportierten elektrisch geladenen Partikel. Eine Trennung der negativ geladenen Partikel untereinander bzw. eine Trennung der positiv geladenen Partikel untereinander erfolgt nicht, so dass eine getrennte Rückgewinnung der einzelnen Elemente der elektrisch geladenen Partikel kaum möglich ist.The invention relates to a device for separating the electrically charged particles present in a fluid from the fluid and for separating the particles by means of an electrical and by means of a magnetic field, through which the fluid with the electrically charged particles is moved. For the purification of waste water, for the recovery of metals from liquid or gaseous fluids or the like. For example, devices are used in which the particles present in the fluid are electrically charged by rubbing against one another and against the fluid particles during the movement in the fluid. Of course, the particles can also be charged electrically by other physical influences. The separation of the electrically charged particles present in the fluid from the fluid can take place under the influence of an electric field through which the fluid is passed. In doing so the electrically charged particles are attracted to either the positive or the negatively charged electrode depending on their polarity. The attraction of the electrically charged particles is not only dependent on the field strength of the electric field, but also on the flow velocity of the fluid and thus of the electrically charged particles transported with the fluid. The negatively charged particles are not separated from one another or the positively charged particles are not separated from one another, so that separate recovery of the individual elements of the electrically charged particles is hardly possible.

Aus der Druckschrift der Gesellschaft Deutscher Metallhütten- und Bergleute, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Internationaler Kongress für Erzaufbereitung, 8.- 11.5.5, Dr.A.Stieler:" Aus der Praxis der elektrostatischen Aufbereitung",Seiten 1-9, ist auf Seite 7 beispielsweise die Aufspaltung von Zinn-­Wolfram-Mischkonzentraten beschrieben. Bei dieser Aufspaltung kommt sowohl ein elektrostatisches Feld als auch ein Magnetfeld zur Anwendung, um auf anderem Wege nicht oder nur unwirtschaftlich aufbereitbare Produkte aufzuspalten.From the publication of the Society of German Metallurgical Miners and Miners, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, International Congress for Ore Processing, May 8-11, 2005, Dr.A. Stieler: "From the practice of electrostatic processing", pages 1-9, is on page 7 describes, for example, the splitting of tin-tungsten mixed concentrates. Both an electrostatic field and a magnetic field are used in this splitting in order to split up products that cannot be processed or can only be processed in an uneconomical manner.

Die GB-PS 13 49 995 beschreibt eine Partikeltrennvorrichtung, bei der ebenfalls ein elektrisches Feld und ein Magnetfeld kombiniert sind. Bei dieser Vorrichtung sind die Elektroden zur Erzeugung des elektrostatischen Feldes als konzentrische Ringe ausgebildet, die am Boden eines Gehäuses zu einer Einlassöffnung der Vorrichtung konzentrisch vorgesehen sind. Die Magneteinrichtung zur Erzeugung des Magnetfeldes weist bei dieser bekannten Vorrichtung zwei Kerne auf, die von einer Erregerspule umgeben sind. Die Kerne mit den Erregerspulen sind ausserhalb des Gehäuses dieser Vorrichtung vorgesehen. Diese Vorrichtung ist nicht dazu bestimmt, mit einem Strömungsmittel beförderte Partikel vom Strömungsmittel zu trennen und in der Vorrichtung abzuscheiden, sondern dazu, in die Vorrichtung einen Partikelstrom einzuladen und in der Vorrichtung die unterschiedlichen Partikel voneinander zu trennen. Das in die Vorrichtung eintretende Partikelgemisch bildet dort ein elektrisch leitendes Gas, wie auf Seite 2, Zeilen 114 und 116 der GB-PS 13 49 995 beschrieben ist.GB-PS 13 49 995 describes a particle separation device in which also a electric field and a magnetic field are combined. In this device, the electrodes for generating the electrostatic field are designed as concentric rings, which are provided concentrically on the bottom of a housing to an inlet opening of the device. In this known device, the magnetic device for generating the magnetic field has two cores which are surrounded by an excitation coil. The cores with the excitation coils are provided outside the housing of this device. This device is not intended to separate particles conveyed by a fluid from the fluid and separate them in the device, but rather to load a particle stream into the device and to separate the different particles from one another in the device. The particle mixture entering the device forms an electrically conductive gas there, as described on page 2, lines 114 and 116 of GB-PS 13 49 995.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit der eine selektive Trennung der in einem Strömungsmittel vorhandenen geladenen Partikel möglich ist, wobei die verschiedenen Partikel in der Vorrichtung an voneinander getrennten Stellen aus dem Strömungsmittel ausgeschieden werden und rückgewinnbar sind.The invention has for its object to provide a device with which a selective separation of the charged particles present in a fluid is possible, the various particles in the device being separated from the fluid at separate locations and being recoverable.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnenden Teiles des Anspruches 1 gelöst. Die Elektroden können ausserhalb der Durchströmeinrichtung angeordnet sein, damit sie vom Strömungsmittel nicht angegriffen werden. In diesem Fall ist die Durchströmeinrichtung aus einem Material, durch welches das elektrische Feld nicht abgeschirmt wird. Wenn das gasförmige oder vorzugsweise flüssige Strömungsmittel keine aggressiven Bestandteile aufweist, ist es möglich, die Elektroden im Inneren der Durchströmeinrichtung anzuordnen. Die Durchströmeinrichtung kann rohrförmig, zylinderförmig, prismatisch oder beliebig anders ausgebildet sein.This task is characterized by the characteristics of the characterizing part of claim 1 solved. The electrodes can be arranged outside the throughflow device so that they are not attacked by the fluid. In this case, the throughflow device is made of a material by which the electric field is not shielded. If the gaseous or preferably liquid fluid has no aggressive components, it is possible to arrange the electrodes in the interior of the throughflow device. The flow-through device can be tubular, cylindrical, prismatic or any other design.

Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, dass die Magneteinrichtung als Spule ausgebildet ist, die zur Durchströmeinrichtung koaxial angeordnet ist. Eine derartige Spule ist auf der Durchströmeinrichtung einfach und platzsparend anordenbar.It has proven to be advantageous that the magnetic device is designed as a coil which is arranged coaxially with the throughflow device. Such a coil can be arranged in a simple and space-saving manner on the throughflow device.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung weist die Magneteinrichtung zwei Spulen auf, die ineinander angeordnet sind. Dabei ist die äussere Spule vorzugsweise an einem Aussenrohr angeordnet, das in seiner Mantelfläche Ausnehmungen aufweist, ist die innere Spule vorzugsweise an einem Innenrohr angeordnet, das zum Aussenrohr konzentrisch angeordnet ist, und sind das Aussenrohr und das Innenrohr vorzugsweise in einem Gehäuse stehend angeordnet, wobei das einen Überlauf bildende Innenrohr mit einer Abflussleitung und das Aussenrohr mit einer Zuflussleitung verbunden ist. Eine solche Vorrichtung kann zum selektiven Trennen unterschiedlicher in einem vorzugsweise flüssigen Strömungsmittel vorhandener elektrisch geladener Partikel verwendet werden, wobei der Platzbedarf für die Vorrichtung relativ gering ist.In a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the magnet device has two coils which are arranged one inside the other. The outer coil is preferably arranged on an outer tube which has recesses in its outer surface, the inner coil is preferably arranged on an inner tube which is arranged concentrically with the outer tube, and the outer tube and the inner tube are preferably arranged upright in a housing, wherein that forming an overflow Inner tube is connected to a drain line and the outer tube is connected to an inlet line. Such a device can be used for the selective separation of different electrically charged particles present in a preferably liquid fluid, the space requirement for the device being relatively small.

Die Ausnehmungen im Aussenrohr einer Vorrichtung der erfindungsgemässen Art können mit einem Filterelement bedeckt sein. Bei diesem Filterelement kann es sich beispielsweise um ein Filtertuch handeln.The recesses in the outer tube of a device of the type according to the invention can be covered with a filter element. This filter element can, for example, be a filter cloth.

Die Elektroden zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes sind vorzugsweise radial ausserhalb des Aussenrohres angeordnet. Auf diese Weise beeinträchtigen die einzelnen Windungen der Spule, die vorzugsweise voneinander einen bestimmten Abstand aufweisen, das zwischen den Elektroden vorhandene elektrische Feld nur geringfügig.The electrodes for generating an electrical field are preferably arranged radially outside the outer tube. In this way, the individual turns of the coil, which are preferably at a certain distance from one another, only slightly impair the electrical field present between the electrodes.

Bei der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung können mehrere Durchströmeinrichtungen stehend nebeneinander angeordnet sein, wobei die Abflussleitung eines Innenrohres mit der Zuflussleitung der benachbarten Durchströmeinrichtung verbunden ist. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich eine mehrstufige Kaskade, mit welcher es möglich ist, eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher chemischer Elemente aus dem die Vorrichtung durchströmenden flüssigen Strömungsmittel zu entfernen und die unterschiedlichen chemischen Elemente in den verschiedenen Durchströmeinrichtungen auszuscheiden. Damit ist es möglich, verschiedene chemische Elemente in chemisch reiner Form zurückzugewinnen. Erfindungsgemäss ist es nicht nur möglich, die chemischen Elemente zurückzugewinnen, sondern durch geeignete Wahl der elektrischen Feldstärke und der magnetischen Feldstärke auch Verbindungen von Elementen in chemisch reiner Form zu gewinnen. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, Aluminiumoxid oder Berylliumoxid in chemisch reiner Form zu gewinnen,wobei diese Oxide in Form eines feinen Pulvers ausfallen.In the device according to the invention, a plurality of throughflow devices can be arranged standing next to one another, the outflow line of an inner tube being connected to the inflow line of the adjacent throughflow device. This results in a multi-stage cascade with which it is possible to remove a large number of different chemical elements from the liquid fluid flowing through the device and to separate out the different chemical elements in the different flow-through devices. It is possible to do different to recover chemical elements in chemically pure form. According to the invention, it is not only possible to recover the chemical elements, but also to obtain compounds of elements in chemically pure form by suitable selection of the electrical field strength and the magnetic field strength. For example, it is possible to obtain aluminum oxide or beryllium oxide in chemically pure form, these oxides precipitating in the form of a fine powder.

Zwischen benachbarten Durchströmeinrichtungen kann eine Diaphragma-Wand vorgesehen sein. Bei einer solchen Ausbildung der Vorrichtung ist es möglich, dass bestimmte chemische Elemente unter Umgehung des normalen Strömungspfades, d.h. unter Umgehung der Zufluss- und Abflussleitung benachbarter Durchströmeinrichtungen unmittelbar durch die Diaphragma-Wand hindurchransportiert werden.A diaphragm wall can be provided between adjacent flow devices. With such an arrangement of the device it is possible that certain chemical elements bypassing the normal flow path, i.e. bypassing the inflow and outflow line of adjacent flow devices can be transported directly through the diaphragm wall.

Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, dass die äussere Spule einen Materialquerschnitt aufweist, der vom Materialquerschnitt für die innere Spule verschieden ist. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, die magnetische Feldstärke in Abhängigkeit vom Drahtquerschnitt der Spulen wunschgemäss einzustellen, wodurch die Wanderung der elektrisch geladenen Partikel entweder wunschgemäss beschleunigt oder abgebremst wird. Auch dadurch ist eine weitere Verbesserung der Selektionen der verschiedenen elektrisch geladenen chemischen Elemente möglich.It has proven to be advantageous that the outer coil has a material cross section that is different from the material cross section for the inner coil. In this way it is possible to set the magnetic field strength as desired depending on the wire cross section of the coils, as a result of which the migration of the electrically charged particles is either accelerated or slowed down as desired. This also makes it possible to further improve the selection of the various electrically charged chemical elements.

Erfindungsgemäss ergibt sich somit der Vorteil, dass die durch das elektrische Feld bedingte Wandergeschwindigkeit der elektrisch geladenen Partikel durch das zusätzlich zum elektrischen Feld wirksam werdende Magnetfeld vergrössert oder wahlweise verkleinert werden kann, so dass die einzelnen Partikel aus unterschiedlichen chemischen Elementen bzw. Zusammensetzungen wunschgemäss durch das Strömungsmittel hindurchgelenkt und an einem gewünschten Ort vom Strömungsmittel getrennt werden können.According to the invention, there is thus the advantage that the traveling speed of the electrically charged particles caused by the electric field can be increased or optionally reduced by the magnetic field that is effective in addition to the electric field, so that the individual particles of different chemical elements or compositions can be used as desired Fluid can be directed through and separated from the fluid at a desired location.

Es wurde festgestellt, dass eine Anzahl chemischer Elemente paramagnetische Eigenschaften besitzen, und dass andere chemische Elemente diamagnetische Eigenschaften aufweisen. In Versuchen hat sich ergeben, dass z.B. Al, Fe, Ni, Pd oder Pt paramagnetisch und dass z.B. Ag, Au, Cuz, Cd, Pb und Zn diamagnetisch ist. Infolge dieser magnetischen Eigenschaften der elektrisch geladenen Partikel ist es möglich, die Kraftwirkung des elektrischen Feldes wahlweise zu verstärken, zu schwächen, oder zu eliminieren, so dass elektrisch geladene Partikel gleicher Polarität, die sonst mit der gleichen elektromagnetischen Kraft an eine der Elektroden angezogen würden, infolge ihrer unterschiedlichen magnetischen Eigenschaften voneinander räumlich getrennt und somit an verschiedenen Stellen aus dem Strömungsmittel ausgeschieden werden. Damit ergibt sich eine selektive Trennung der einzelnen elektrisch geladenen Partikel des Strömungsmittels, wobei die einzelnen chemischen Elemente an verschiedenen Stellen abgeschieden und rückgewonnen werden. Bei dem Strömungsmittel handelt es sich insbesondere um eine Flüssigkeit,beispielsweise um ein mit auszuscheidenen Partikeln befrachtetes Abwasser.It has been found that a number of chemical elements have paramagnetic properties and that other chemical elements have diamagnetic properties. Experiments have shown that Al, Fe, Ni, Pd or Pt are paramagnetic and that Ag, Au, Cuz, Cd, Pb and Zn are diamagnetic. As a result of these magnetic properties of the electrically charged particles, it is possible to either amplify, weaken or eliminate the force effect of the electric field, so that electrically charged particles of the same polarity, which would otherwise be attracted to one of the electrodes with the same electromagnetic force, due to their different magnetic properties, they are spatially separated from one another and thus separated from the fluid at different points. This results in a selective separation of the individual electrical charged particles of the fluid, the individual chemical elements being separated and recovered at different locations. The fluid is in particular a liquid, for example a wastewater loaded with particles to be separated out.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung ist in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beschrieben. Es zeigt:

  • Figur 1einen Querschnitt durch eine zwei Durchströmeinrichtungen aufweisende Vorrichtung entlang der Schnittlinie I-I aus Figur 2, und
  • Figur 2einen Längsschnitt durch die Vorrichtung gemäss Figur 1 entlang der Schnittlinie II-II.
An embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown schematically in the drawing and is described below. It shows:
  • 1 shows a cross section through a device having two flow-through devices along the section line II from FIG. 2, and
  • 2 shows a longitudinal section through the device according to FIG. 1 along the section line II-II.

Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen ein Gehäuse 10, durch das zwei Durchströmeinrichtungen 12 und 14 bestimmt sind. Zwischen den beiden Durchströmeinrichtungen 12 und 14 ist eine Wand 16 mit einem Diaphragma 18 angeordnet. Die Durchströmeinrichtung 12 weist ein Innenrohr 20 und ein dass Innenrohr 20 koaxial umgebendes Aussenrohr 22 auf. Das Aussenrohr 22 ist dicht zwischen dem Boden 24 und dem Deckel 26 der Durchströmeinrichtung 12 angeordnet. Das Aussenrohr 22 weist in seinem mittleren Bereich Ausnehmungen 28 auf, durch welche der Innenraum 30 zwischen dem Innenrohr 20 und dem Aussenrohr 22 mit einem das Aussenrohr 22 umgebenden Sammelraum 32 fluidisch verbunden ist. An der Innenwand des Aussenrohres 22 liegt ein Korb 34 aus einem Streckmetall an, dessen Korbboden mit der Bezugsziffer 36 bezeichnet ist. Auf der Aussenseite des Aussenrohres 22 ist ein Filterelement 38 angeordnet, das die Ausnehmungen 28 des Aussenrohres 22 bedeckt. Dieses Filterelement 38 ist als Filtertuch ausgebildet. Mit der Bezugsziffer 40 ist eine äussere Spule bezeichnet, welche die Filtereinrichtung und damit das Aussenrohr 22 umgibt. Die einzelnen Windungen der äusseren Spule 40 weisen voneinander einen bestimmten Abstand auf, so dass das zwischen den Elektroden 42 und 44 der Durchströmeinrichtung 12 vorhandene elektrische Feld durch die äussere Spule 40 kaum beeinträchtigt wird.Die Elektroden 42 und 44 sind im das Aussenrohr 22 umgebenden Sammelraum 32 angeordnet und mit (nicht dargestellten) Anschlüssen elektrisch leitend verbunden.Figures 1 and 2 show a housing 10 through which two flow devices 12 and 14 are determined. A wall 16 with a diaphragm 18 is arranged between the two throughflow devices 12 and 14. The throughflow device 12 has an inner tube 20 and an outer tube 22 coaxially surrounding the inner tube 20. The outer tube 22 is arranged tightly between the bottom 24 and the cover 26 of the throughflow device 12. The outer tube 22 has recesses 28 in its central region, through which the inner space 30 between the inner tube 20 and the outer tube 22 with a collecting space 32 surrounding the outer tube 22 is fluid connected is. On the inner wall of the outer tube 22 there is a basket 34 made of expanded metal, the basket base of which is designated by the reference number 36. A filter element 38 is arranged on the outside of the outer tube 22 and covers the recesses 28 of the outer tube 22. This filter element 38 is designed as a filter cloth. Reference numeral 40 designates an outer coil which surrounds the filter device and thus the outer tube 22. The individual turns of the outer coil 40 are at a certain distance from one another, so that the electrical field present between the electrodes 42 and 44 of the flow-through device 12 is hardly affected by the outer coil 40. The electrodes 42 and 44 are in the collecting space surrounding the outer tube 22 32 arranged and electrically conductively connected to connections (not shown).

Eine innere Spule 46 umgibt das Innenrohr 20. Das Innen- und das Aussenrohr 20 und 22 bestehen vorzugsweise aus einem Kunststoffmaterial. Das Innenrohr 20 ist als stehender Überlauf ausgebildet. Es wird vom Aussenrohr 22 mittels eines Abstandhalters 48 auf Abstand gehalten, der beispielsweise als Lochplatte aus einem Kunststoffmaterial ausgebildet ist. Mit der Bezugsziffer 50 ist ein Deckelflansch bezeichnet, der mit einem Entgasungsventil 52 ausgebildet ist. Ein weiteres Entgasungsventil 52 ist im Deckel 26 der Durchströmeinrichtung 12 angeordnet.An inner coil 46 surrounds the inner tube 20. The inner and outer tubes 20 and 22 are preferably made of a plastic material. The inner tube 20 is designed as a standing overflow. It is kept at a distance from the outer tube 22 by means of a spacer 48, which is designed, for example, as a perforated plate made of a plastic material. Reference numeral 50 denotes a cover flange which is designed with a degassing valve 52. Another degassing valve 52 is arranged in the cover 26 of the throughflow device 12.

Mit der Bezugsziffer 54 ist eine Zufuhrleitung für das Strömungsmittel bezeichnet, die durch den Boden 24 in den Innenraum 30 der Durchströmeinrichtung 12 einmündet. Das Innenrohr 20 ist mit einer Abflussleitung 56 verbunden, welche für die benachbarte Durchströmeinrichtung 14 die Zufuhrleitung bildet. Die Durchströmeinrichtung 14 ist genau gleich aufgebaut wie die Durchströmeinrichtung 12, so dass es sich erübrigt, auf die Einzelteile dieser Durchströmeinrichtung 14 noch einmal detailliert einzugehen.Reference numeral 54 denotes a supply line for the fluid, which opens through the floor 24 into the interior 30 of the throughflow device 12. The inner tube 20 is connected to a drain line 56, which forms the feed line for the adjacent flow device 14. The flow-through device 14 is constructed exactly the same as the flow-through device 12, so that it is not necessary to go into the individual parts of this flow-through device 14 again in detail.

Bei geeigneter Spannung an den Elektroden 42 und 44 und bei passender Wahl des die äussere Spule 40 und die innere Spule 46 durchfliessenden elektrischen Stromes und bei geeigneter Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des durch die Zufuhrleitung 54 in die Vorrichtung eingeleiteten Strömungsmittels wird im Sammelraum 32 der Durchströmeinrichtung 12 oben ein Anionenkonzentrat und unten ein Kationenkonzentrat abgeschieden, während im Aussenraum 32 der Durchströmeinrichtung 14 unten ein Anionenkonzentrat und oben ein Kationenkonzentrat abgeschieden wird.With a suitable voltage at the electrodes 42 and 44 and with a suitable choice of the electric current flowing through the outer coil 40 and the inner coil 46 and with a suitable flow rate of the fluid introduced into the device through the feed line 54, an anion concentrate is formed in the collecting space 32 of the throughflow device 12 at the top and a cation concentrate is deposited at the bottom, while an anion concentrate is deposited at the bottom in the outer space 32 of the throughflow device 14 and a cation concentrate is deposited at the top.

In Figur 1 sind zylindrische Spulen dargestellt, die zur Durchströmeinrichtung koaxial ausgerichtet sind. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, die Spulen quer zur Durchströmrichtung anzuordnen.In Figure 1, cylindrical coils are shown, which are aligned coaxially to the flow device. However, it is also possible to arrange the coils transversely to the flow direction.

Claims (9)

1. Vorrichtung zur Trennung der in einem Strömungsmittel vorhandenen elektrisch geladenen Partikel vom Strömungsmittel und zur Abscheidung der Partikel mittels eines elektrischen und mittels eines magnetischen Feldes, durch welches das Strömungsmittel mit den elektrisch geladenen Partikeln hindurchbewegt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass eine Durchströmeinrichtung (12, 14) zum Durchleiten des Strömungsmittels vorgesehen ist, deren Längsachse mit der Strömungsrichtung des Strömungsmittels fluchtet, dass Elektroden (42, 44) vorgesehen sind, die zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes im Inneren der Durchströmeinrichtung (12, 14) dienen und die zur Strömungsrichtung des Strömungsmittels mindestens annähernd parallel ausgerichtet sind, und dass zur Erzeugung eines Magnetfeldes im Inneren der Durchströmeinrichtung (12, 14) eine Magneteinrichtung (40, 46) vorgesehen ist.1. Device for separating the electrically charged particles present in a fluid from the fluid and for separating the particles by means of an electrical and by means of a magnetic field, through which the fluid with the electrically charged particles is moved,
characterized,
that a flow-through device (12, 14) is provided for the passage of the fluid, the longitudinal axis of which is aligned with the flow direction of the fluid, that electrodes (42, 44) are provided which are used to generate an electrical field inside the flow-through device (12, 14) and which are oriented at least approximately parallel to the direction of flow of the fluid, and that a magnetic device (40, 46) is provided in the interior of the throughflow device (12, 14) to generate a magnetic field. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Magneteinrichtung (40, 46) als Spule ausgebildet ist, die zur Durchströmeinrichtung (12, 14) koaxial angeordnet ist.2. Device according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the magnet device (40, 46) is designed as a coil which is arranged coaxially with the throughflow device (12, 14). 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Magneteinrichtung zwei Spulen (40, 46) aufweist, die ineinander angeordnet sind.3. Device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized by
that the magnet device has two coils (40, 46) which are arranged one inside the other. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die äussere Spule (40) an einem Aussenrohr (22) angeordnet ist, das in seiner Mantelfläche Ausnehmungen (28) aufweist, dass die innere Spule (46) an einem Innenrohr (20) angeordnet ist, und dass das Aussenrohr (22) und das Innenrohr (20) in einem Gehäuse (10) stehend angeordnet sind, wobei das einen Überlauf bildende Innenrohr (20) mit einer Abflussleitung (56) und das Aussenrohr (22) mit einer Zuflussleitung (54) versehen ist.4. The device according to claim 3,
characterized,
that the outer coil (40) is arranged on an outer tube (22) which has recesses (28) in its outer surface, that the inner coil (46) is arranged on an inner tube (20), and that the outer tube (22) and the inner tube (20) is arranged upright in a housing (10), the inner tube (20) forming an overflow being provided with an outflow line (56) and the outer tube (22) with an inflow line (54). 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Ausnehmungen (28) im Aussenrohr (22) mit einem Filterelement (38) bedeckt sind.5. The device according to claim 4,
characterized,
that the recesses (28) in the outer tube (22) are covered with a filter element (38). 6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Elektroden (42, 44) radial ausserhalb des Aussenrohres (22) angeordnet sind.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized,
that the electrodes (42, 44) are arranged radially outside the outer tube (22). 7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass mehrere Durchströmeinrichtungen (12, 14) stehend nebeneinander angeordnet sind, wobei die Abflussleitung (56) eines Innenrohres (20) einer Durchströmeinrichtung (12) mit der Zuflussleitung der benachbarten Durchströmeinrichtung (14) verbunden ist.7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized,
that a plurality of throughflow devices (12, 14) are arranged standing next to one another, the outflow line (56) of an inner tube (20) of a throughflow device (12) being connected to the inflow line of the adjacent throughflow device (14). 8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
das zwischen benachbarten Durchströmeinrichtungen (12, 14) eine Wand (16) mit einem Diaphragma (18) vorgesehen ist.8. The device according to claim 7,
characterized,
a wall (16) with a diaphragm (18) is provided between adjacent flow devices (12, 14). 9. Vorrichtung insbesondere nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die äussere Spule (40) einen Materialquerschnitt aufweist, der vom Materialquerschnitt für die innere Spule (46) verschieden ist.9. The device in particular according to one of claims 3 to 8,
characterized by
that the outer coil (40) has a material cross section that is different from the material cross section for the inner coil (46).
EP88101070A 1987-02-05 1988-01-26 Device for the separation of charged particles from a fluid current Expired - Lifetime EP0277581B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88101070T ATE71855T1 (en) 1987-02-05 1988-01-26 DEVICE FOR SEPARATING CHARGED PARTICLES FROM A FLUID.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3703444 1987-02-05
DE3703444A DE3703444C1 (en) 1987-02-05 1987-02-05

Publications (3)

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EP0277581A2 true EP0277581A2 (en) 1988-08-10
EP0277581A3 EP0277581A3 (en) 1989-10-25
EP0277581B1 EP0277581B1 (en) 1992-01-22

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AT (1) ATE71855T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3703444C1 (en)

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EP0374942A2 (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-06-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas-liquid separation method for electroconductive gas-liquid two phase flows and the device therefor
WO1991015302A1 (en) * 1990-04-11 1991-10-17 Hydro Processing & Mining Ltd. Apparatus and method for separation of wet and dry particles

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0374942A2 (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-06-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas-liquid separation method for electroconductive gas-liquid two phase flows and the device therefor
EP0374942A3 (en) * 1988-12-23 1990-12-12 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas-liquid separation method for electroconductive gas-liquid two phase flows and the device therefor
WO1991015302A1 (en) * 1990-04-11 1991-10-17 Hydro Processing & Mining Ltd. Apparatus and method for separation of wet and dry particles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0277581A3 (en) 1989-10-25
EP0277581B1 (en) 1992-01-22
DE3867857D1 (en) 1992-03-05
DE3703444C1 (en) 1988-06-23
ATE71855T1 (en) 1992-02-15

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