EP0277146B2 - Fermeture coulissante sur le bec de coulee d'une cuve contenant un bain de fusion - Google Patents

Fermeture coulissante sur le bec de coulee d'une cuve contenant un bain de fusion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0277146B2
EP0277146B2 EP87904250A EP87904250A EP0277146B2 EP 0277146 B2 EP0277146 B2 EP 0277146B2 EP 87904250 A EP87904250 A EP 87904250A EP 87904250 A EP87904250 A EP 87904250A EP 0277146 B2 EP0277146 B2 EP 0277146B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slider
housing
gate valve
rollers
sliding gate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87904250A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0277146B1 (fr
EP0277146A1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Fricker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stopinc AG
Original Assignee
Stopinc AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25692773&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0277146(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from CH3336/86A external-priority patent/CH673097A5/de
Priority claimed from CH3337/86A external-priority patent/CH674324A5/de
Application filed by Stopinc AG filed Critical Stopinc AG
Priority to AT87904250T priority Critical patent/ATE57860T1/de
Publication of EP0277146A1 publication Critical patent/EP0277146A1/fr
Publication of EP0277146B1 publication Critical patent/EP0277146B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0277146B2 publication Critical patent/EP0277146B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/22—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings
    • B22D41/24—Closures sliding-gate type, i.e. having a fixed plate and a movable plate in sliding contact with each other for selective registry of their openings characterised by a rectilinearly movable plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D37/00—Controlling or regulating the pouring of molten metal from a casting melt-holding vessel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a slide closure on the spout of a metal-containing vessel, with a slide housing, a base plate arranged therein in a stationary manner and a slide plate which can be pressed against it by means of spring elements and which can be moved in an open or a closed position on guideways of the slide housing and in a relaxed position Spring organs swiveling slide unit is held.
  • the slide unit is generally displaceably guided in a cover attached to the slide housing.
  • a hinged to the slide housing hinged cover is provided, in which the slide unit is adjustably guided and which is preferably fastened to the slide housing by four screws in the operating position.
  • the slide unit is guided on guide strips which are screwed to the side wall of the slide housing. After loosening the clamping elements pressing the slide on the base plate and removing the guide strips, the slide unit can be removed from the slide housing.
  • the housing is provided with a removable end wall, after its removal and after the tensioning elements have been released, the slide unit can be moved out.
  • the slide closures are often dismantled after just one or two ladle castings for maintenance purposes and to replace the worn refractory plates.
  • the screws mentioned must therefore be loosened each time and the slide unit must be removed from the slide housing and re-installed accordingly. Since these sliding closures are mostly very hot and dirty during maintenance work, manual disassembly is relatively cumbersome. The assembly must also be carried out with the appropriate care, because the clamping screws, which are usually fastened with a torque wrench, require precise adjustment.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a slide closure of the type described in the introduction in such a way that its slide unit for the very frequent replacement of the refractory plates and spouts can be detached from the housing in a very simple and time-saving manner and can be put back into operation after the refractory has been replaced .
  • this object is achieved in that the slide unit can be displaced into a position lying outside the open and the closed position, in which the slide unit is pivotably mounted in a bearing in the slide housing and the guide tracks relative to the guide tracks on the remaining track length by one of the spring members relaxing height are lowered.
  • the slide unit with the slide plate arranged therein is moved only by moving the same in the above-mentioned manner. Relieved of the pressure from the spring elements. You can therefore dismantle the slide lock in an absolutely simple way by sliding the slide unit into the above. Position is driven and then swung out of the valve body. During assembly, the slide unit is swung back into the slide housing and then moved to the closed position. As a result, the pressurization of the spring elements is automatically restored exactly without additional operations on the slide closure.
  • the invention further provides that the slide unit designed as a slide carriage can be displaced with at least two elements, in particular rollers, mounted on guides of the slide housing on both sides.
  • a housing frame which surrounds the slide carriage and to which the guides for the slide unit are fastened.
  • the invention provides that the housing frame is held on both sides by two spring elements arranged symmetrically and axially parallel to the pouring opening on the upper housing part, the spring elements expediently each consisting of a bolt with an upper and one on the housing frame on the lower stop surface and a spring arranged in the upper part of the housing and acting on the upper stop surface.
  • the housing frame is articulated around two bolts fastened in the upper housing part, which are arranged on a plane perpendicular to the direction of displacement and on the axis of the pouring opening.
  • the bolts position the housing frame and at the same time prevent the resulting axial force from acting on the springy tensioning elements of the lock.
  • the slide carriage is pivotally articulated on the push rod of the slide carriage drive, and the guides for the slide unit have a recess in the above position below each roller with a length greater than the roller diameter, through which the rollers of the slide unit can be pushed .
  • this also ensures an absolutely simple disassembly or assembly of the slide carriage.
  • the slide carriage has on both sides two rollers mounted on the guides of the housing frame and a joint hook engaging on the push rod of the slide carriage drive, the guides in the above-mentioned manner.
  • Position of the slide carriage below the coaxial bearings on the side of the slide carriage drive each have a recess with a length greater than the roller diameter, while the guides center the other two coaxially arranged rollers in the groove, and the slide unit in the above. Position about the axis of rotation of the rollers can be swiveled out while pivoting the articulated hook.
  • the invention provides that the slide carriage is pivotally articulated on the push rod of the slide carriage drive, the housing frame is pivotably mounted on the slide housing, and which is mounted in the above-mentioned manner.
  • Position guide tracks in contact with the rollers run approximately parallel to the guide tracks on the remaining track length and parallel to the direction of displacement.
  • the sliding closure 20 shown in FIG. 1 is attached to the steel jacket 12 of a partially illustrated steel melting pan 10.
  • a refractory base plate 22 arranged in the upper housing part 26 of the closure 20 is sealingly connected to a spout 14 embedded in the refractory lining 16 of the pan 10 with an opening 15.
  • the slide carriage 30 can be moved from an open to a closed position S, which is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. 1, and vice versa by means of a drive.
  • the drive which is not shown, is usually a hydraulic cylinder with a push rod 28.
  • the slide carriage 30 is held at one end by an articulated connection 29 on the push rod 28, this push rod 28 being additionally mounted in the upper housing part 26.
  • the slide carriage 30 has on each of its two longitudinal sides two rotatably mounted rollers 36 with axes of rotation extending transversely to the direction of displacement. These rollers 36 are supported on guides 21 of the lock housing.
  • the guides 21 in turn are attached to a housing frame 24 surrounding the slide carriage, which is held by spring elements 50 on the upper housing part 26.
  • sliding shoes could also be used, for example.
  • the slide carriage 30 can be moved by the drive into an area lying outside the closed position (position A), in which the guideways 21c in contact with the rollers 36 are lowered by a height h which relaxes the springs in relation to the guideways 21a in the operating state are.
  • the guideways are formed in the transition area to position A as inclined surfaces 21 b, which cause a continuous increase in tensioning and a continuous reduction in spring tension when relaxing.
  • the guides 21 are interrupted by recesses 21 'with a length greater than the roller diameter.
  • the spring members 50 consist of a two-part bolt 52 and a spring 54 arranged in the upper housing part 26.
  • the bolt 52 has a lower stop surface 52 ', on which the housing frame 24 rests, and an upper stop surface 52 "against which the spring 54.
  • it is divided into two and screwed into one another, on both sides of the housing frame 24 there are two spring elements 50 symmetrical and axially parallel to the pouring opening 15 and a bolt 60, which is located at the height of the pouring opening, is screwed into the upper housing part 26 and centered the housing frame 24, but leaves it with its spherical surface articulated on all sides.
  • the springs should be dimensioned such that the slide plate 32 is pressed against the base plate 22 with a predetermined clamping force.
  • Cover plates 58 fastened to the upper housing part 26 protect the spring elements against contamination.
  • the slide plate 32 and the base plate 22 are held in a known manner in the slide unit 30 and in the upper housing part 26 by clamping means 38 and 27.
  • a pan 10 After a pan 10 has been emptied, it is normally moved to a pan location for the maintenance and replacement of the wearing parts. There it is placed on its side so that the slide unit can be swung out horizontally.
  • the slide unit moved after the pouring into the closed position is moved into the position shown in FIG. 3 by a cylinder located at the pan position and swiveled out to the dot-dash position in order to be able to easily replace the closure plates 22 and 32.
  • the lock As soon as the lock has been serviced, it is made ready for operation and the slide unit is brought back into the closed position.
  • the hydraulic cylinder on the casting platform to control the lock it should only have a stroke length that can move the slide unit from the closed to the open position and vice versa, but not to the position A.
  • a stop 25 which could be removably attached to the housing could be provided, by means of which the slide unit could not be moved into a position A lying outside the closed position.
  • a stop 25 is indicated in Fig. 1. This is designed as an axis 25 and held extractable in the housing frame 24.
  • the slide unit 80 has two rollers 86, 86 'on both sides.
  • the rollers 86 arranged coaxially on the side of the drive element can be pushed in the position A lying outside the closed position S of the slide unit 80 by recesses 21 'provided in the guides 21, while the two coaxial rollers 86' opposite in the mentioned position Avon a groove 81 ' are surrounded and centered. Due to the fact that the slide unit 80 is articulated on the push rod 28 of the drive element by means of an articulated hook 89, it can be pivoted out in position A about the axis of rotation of the rollers 86 '.
  • the slide closure 70 shown in FIG. 5 functions essentially similar to that shown in FIG. 1. Therefore, only the different features of this closure 70 compared to the closure 20 are explained below.
  • the slide carriage 50 which is also pivotally articulated at one end by a joint 79 on the push rod 78 of a drive, not shown, with two rotatably mounted rollers 86 on each side, is slidably held in a cover 74 which is articulated on the housing 76 and can be swung out.
  • the slide carriage 80 can in turn be moved by the drive into an area lying outside the closed position S, in which the guide tracks 71c in contact with the rollers 86 are lowered by a height h which relaxes the springs compared to the area of the tracks 71a which is in the operating state.
  • the guide tracks 71 c run parallel to the tracks 71 and also parallel to the direction of displacement of the slide carriage 80. Inclined surfaces 71 b in turn ensure that the slide carriage is continuously relaxed or tensioned.
  • the cover 74 is fastened to the housing 76 in a known manner by means of tensioning elements 75, not shown.
  • the spring members 90 are supported in the slide carriage 80 and press directly onto the slide plate 82 in the operating state of the closure.
  • the slide carriage is first moved into the relaxed position, then the cover 74 can be removed Unscrewed housing 76 and swung out as well as the slide carriage, and the maintenance work already mentioned can then be carried out.
  • the slide carriage 80 is clamped by a movement in the direction of the open position and into the closed position S driven.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)

Abstract

La fermeture coulissante (20) présente un élément coulissant (30) déplaçable par un organe d'entraînement, ledit élément pouvant coulisser dans une position (A) en dehors de la position de fermeture; dans cette position (A), l'élément coulissant (30) est agencé pivotant dans un logement (29), et des glissières de guidage (21c) sont abaissées, par rapport à des glissières de guidage (21a) sur la longueur de glissière restante, d'une hauteur (h) correspondant au relâchement de l'organe à ressort (50). On peut ainsi très simplement ôter par pivotement l'élément coulissant (30) de son logement (24) en vue du remplacement, très souvent nécessaire, des plaques usées (22, 32), et le remettre ensuite en état de marche.

Claims (10)

1. Obturateur à tiroir sur l'ouverture de coulée d'un récipient contenant du métal en fusion, comprenant un boîtier de tiroir, une plaque de fond disposée de manière fixe dans ce boîtier et une plaque de tiroir qui peut être pressée de manière étanche contre la plaque de fond au moyen d'éléments-ressorts et est maintenue dans une unité de tiroir déplaçable dans une position ouverte et dans une position fermée et qui peut pivoter lorsque les éléments-ressorts sont détendus, caractérisé par le fait que l'unité de tiroir (30, 70, 80) peut être amenée dans une position (A) à l'extérieur de la position ouverte et de la position fermée, dans laquelle l'unité de tiroir (30, 70, 80) repose avec possibilité de pivotement dans un palier (29, 86', 79) du boitier de tiroir et les chemins de guidage (21c, 71c) sont abaissés par rapport aux chemins de guidage (21a, 71a), sur la partie restante de la longueur chemins de guidage, d'une hauteur (h) permettant de détendre les éléments ressorts (50, 90).
2. Obturateur de tiroir selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que dans la zone de transition vers la position (A), les chemins de guidage sont réalisés sous forme de plans obliques (21 b, 71 b).
3. Obturateur de tiroir selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'unité de tiroir réalisée sous la forme d'un chariot de tiroir (30, 80) peut être déplacée avec sur chaque côté au moins deux éléments (36, 86), notamment des galets, qui sont en appui sur des guidages (21, 71) du boîtier de tiroir (24, 26, 76, 78).
4. Obturateur de tiroir selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'il est prévu un cadre de boîtier (24) qui entoure le chariot de tiroir (30) et sur lequel sont fixés les guidages (21).
5. Obturateur de tiroir selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que le cadre de boîtier (24) est maintenu des deux côtés sur la partie supérieure (26) du boîtier par deux éléments-ressorts (50) disposés de manière symétrique par rapport à l'ouverture de coulée et parallèlement à l'axe de celle-ci.
6. Obturateur de tiroir selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que les éléments-ressorts (50) sont constitués chacun par un axe (52) ayant une surface de butée supérieure (52") et une surface de butée inférieure (52') en appui sur le cadre (24) du boîtier, et par un ressort (54) qui est disposé dans la partie supérieure (26) du boîtier et qui agit sur la surface de butée supérieure (52").
7. Obturateur de tiroir selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que le cadre (24) du boîtier est monté de façon articulée autour de deux axes (60) qui sont fixés dans la partie supérieure (26) du boîtier et sont disposés dans un plan qui est perpendiculaire au sens de déplacement et se situe sur l'axe de l'ouverture de coulée (15).
8. Obturateur de tiroir selon l'une des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que le chariot de tiroir (30) est articulé sur la bielle (28) du système d'entraînement du chariot de tiroir et que les guidages (21) présentent dans la position (A), en-dessous de chaque galet (36), un évidement (21 dont la longueur est supérieure au diamètre de galet et à travers lequel les galets (36) peuvent être glissés.
9. Obturateur de tiroir selon l'une des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que le chariot de tiroir (80) présente de chaque côté deux galets (86, 86') en appui sur les guidages (21) du cadre (24) du boîtier, ainsi qu'un crochet articulé (89) en prise avec la bielle (28) du système d'entraînement du chariot de tiroir, que dans la position (A) du chariot de tiroir (80), les guidages (21) possèdent, en-dessous des galets (86) en appui équi- axial sur le côté du système d'entraînement du chariot de tiroir, chacun un évidement (21') d'une longueur supérieure au diamètre de galet, tandis que les guidages (21) centrent les deux autres galets (86'), disposés de manière équi-axiale, dans la rainure (81'), et que dans la position (A), l'unité de tiroir (80) peut pivoter vers l'extérieur autour de l'axe de rotation des galets (86'), en entraînant en pivotement le crochet articulé (89).
10. Obturateur de tiroir selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que le chariot de tiroir (80) est articulé de façon pivotante sur la bielle (78) du système d'entraînement du chariot, que le cadre (74) du boîtier est monté pivotant sur le boîtier (76) du tiroir, et que les chemins de guidage (71c), qui sont en contact avec les galets (86) dans la position (A), sont approximativement parallèles aux chemins de guidage (71 a) sur la partie restante de la longueur des chemins et sont parallèles à la direction de déplacement.
EP87904250A 1986-08-20 1987-06-23 Fermeture coulissante sur le bec de coulee d'une cuve contenant un bain de fusion Expired - Lifetime EP0277146B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87904250T ATE57860T1 (de) 1986-08-20 1987-06-23 Schiebeverschluss am ausguss eines metallschmelze enthaltenden gefaesses.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3336/86A CH673097A5 (en) 1986-08-20 1986-08-20 Metallurgical vessel sliding closure
CH3337/86A CH674324A5 (en) 1986-08-20 1986-08-20 Metallurgical vessel sliding closure
CH3337/86 1986-08-20
CH3336/86 1986-08-20

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0277146A1 EP0277146A1 (fr) 1988-08-10
EP0277146B1 EP0277146B1 (fr) 1990-10-31
EP0277146B2 true EP0277146B2 (fr) 1993-07-14

Family

ID=25692773

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87904250A Expired - Lifetime EP0277146B2 (fr) 1986-08-20 1987-06-23 Fermeture coulissante sur le bec de coulee d'une cuve contenant un bain de fusion

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4848604A (fr)
EP (1) EP0277146B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR920001344B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8707428A (fr)
CA (1) CA1330248C (fr)
WO (1) WO1988001211A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0875320A3 (fr) * 1997-04-30 1999-04-28 Stopinc AG Busette à tiroir pour récipients contenant un métal en fusion

Families Citing this family (20)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH680501A5 (fr) * 1989-12-06 1992-09-15 Stopinc Ag
CH680838A5 (fr) * 1990-02-07 1992-11-30 Stopinc Ag
DE4006894A1 (de) * 1990-03-05 1991-09-12 Cerafer Sarl Schieberverschluss fuer metallurgische gefaesse, insbesondere giesspfannen
WO1992017298A1 (fr) * 1991-04-06 1992-10-15 Technometal Gesellschaft für Metalltechnologie mbH Verrou a coulisse pour recipients de fusion
CH683969A5 (de) * 1991-07-12 1994-06-30 Stopinc Ag Feuerfeste Verschlussplatte am Ausguss eines Metallschmelze enthaltenden Gefässes.
BE1005987A3 (fr) * 1992-06-16 1994-04-12 Int Ind Eng Sa Dispositif de regulation d'un debit de coulee.
US5630527A (en) * 1994-09-12 1997-05-20 Philip Fishman Corporation Electronically controlled, positive-displacement fluid dispenser
TW286327B (fr) * 1995-02-17 1996-09-21 Stopinc Ag
JP3021333B2 (ja) * 1995-10-31 2000-03-15 黒崎窯業株式会社 スライディングノズル装置と同装置を用いる面圧負荷解除方法
BR9912141A (pt) 1998-07-26 2001-11-20 Stopinc Ag Válvula de comporta deslizante para umrecipiente contendo metal fundido
DE10324801A1 (de) * 2003-06-02 2005-01-05 Knöllinger FLO-TEC GmbH Gießpfannenschieber
JP4448323B2 (ja) * 2003-12-24 2010-04-07 品川リフラクトリーズ株式会社 溶融金属の注湯量制御装置
JP4216244B2 (ja) * 2004-11-11 2009-01-28 品川白煉瓦株式会社 鋳造設備におけるスライドバルブ装置
EP1894649A1 (fr) * 2006-09-01 2008-03-05 Stopinc Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de maintenance d'un obturateur coulissant monté au trou d'un récipient contenant du métal liquide
KR100959071B1 (ko) * 2008-06-12 2010-05-20 조선내화 주식회사 슬라이드 게이트
US8783528B1 (en) 2010-08-27 2014-07-22 J.W. Hicks, Inc. Slide gate for casting operations
CH710652B1 (de) * 2015-01-23 2019-06-28 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co Kg Schiebeverschluss für einen Metallschmelze enthaltenden Behälter.
EP3587002B1 (fr) * 2018-06-26 2020-12-16 Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG Fermeture coulissante pour un récipient métallurgique
CH715297A2 (de) * 2018-09-04 2020-03-13 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Wartung eines Schiebeverschlusses am Ausguss eines metallurgischen Gefässes sowie ein Schiebeverschluss.
EP3851225A1 (fr) * 2020-01-15 2021-07-21 Refractory Intellectual Property GmbH & Co. KG Fermeture coulissante pour une cuve métallurgique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ZA715974B (en) * 1970-09-23 1972-05-31 Uss Eng & Consult Operating mechanism and method for slidable-gate closures
BE792424A (fr) * 1971-12-10 1973-03-30 Interstop Ag Guide de registre amovible destine a une fermeture a registre disposee sur des recipients contenant des masses fondues liquides
IT1004615B (it) * 1973-10-16 1976-07-20 Sirma Soc Italiana Otturatore con organo mobile azio nabile in movimento angolare parti colarmente per il controllo del flusso di metalli fusi da conteni tori o siviere
IT1116908B (it) * 1977-06-06 1986-02-10 Sanac Spa Scaricatore a cassetto perfezionato a piastre refrattarie ricaricabili con bloccaggio a cuneo
DE2736817C2 (de) * 1977-08-16 1980-09-18 Martin & Pagenstecher Gmbh, 5000 Koeln Schieberverschluß für ein Gießgefäß
CH653933A5 (de) * 1981-05-19 1986-01-31 Stopinc Ag Schiebeverschluss fuer schmelzegefaesse.
JPH0335481Y2 (fr) * 1984-09-11 1991-07-26
DE8530966U1 (de) * 1985-11-02 1986-01-02 Stopinc Ag, Baar Achsengelenk für den Gehäusedeckel von Schieberverschlüssen an metallurgischen Gefäßen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0875320A3 (fr) * 1997-04-30 1999-04-28 Stopinc AG Busette à tiroir pour récipients contenant un métal en fusion

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0277146B1 (fr) 1990-10-31
CA1330248C (fr) 1994-06-21
WO1988001211A1 (fr) 1988-02-25
US4848604A (en) 1989-07-18
KR920001344B1 (ko) 1992-02-11
KR880002595A (ko) 1988-05-10
EP0277146A1 (fr) 1988-08-10
BR8707428A (pt) 1988-11-01

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