EP0274138A1 - Agencement d'électrode, pour électrolyseurs produisant des gaz, présentant des plaques d'électrode disposées verticalement - Google Patents

Agencement d'électrode, pour électrolyseurs produisant des gaz, présentant des plaques d'électrode disposées verticalement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0274138A1
EP0274138A1 EP87201843A EP87201843A EP0274138A1 EP 0274138 A1 EP0274138 A1 EP 0274138A1 EP 87201843 A EP87201843 A EP 87201843A EP 87201843 A EP87201843 A EP 87201843A EP 0274138 A1 EP0274138 A1 EP 0274138A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrodes
membrane
plate
plate electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87201843A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0274138B1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Lohrberg
Peter Dr. Kohl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GEA Group AG
Original Assignee
Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Metallgesellschaft AG filed Critical Metallgesellschaft AG
Priority to AT87201843T priority Critical patent/ATE71672T1/de
Publication of EP0274138A1 publication Critical patent/EP0274138A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0274138B1 publication Critical patent/EP0274138B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/02—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form
    • C25B11/03—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by shape or form perforated or foraminous

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrode arrangement for gas-forming electrolyzers, in particular monopolar membrane electrolysers with vertically arranged plate electrodes and counter electrodes.
  • the uniform distribution is influenced by the scatterability of the electrolyte as well as by the homogeneity of the electrodes. A lack of scattering capacity can be compensated for by increasing the distance between the electrodes, but this increases the voltage drop in the cell. If there are inhomogeneities in the electrode surface, the current flow causes local warping. The parallel arrangement of the electrodes, ie the uniform distance between the anode and cathode, is therefore of great importance. Maintaining or setting a defined electrode spacing is extremely complex in gases such as chlorine, oxygen and hydrogen in technical membrane electrolysis cells.
  • Electrodes with openings for the removal of the reaction gases are used, for example perforated electrodes, wire mesh or expanded metal.
  • the disadvantages include in a reduced active surface, lack of mechanical stability and loss of high-quality coating material on the back of the electrode.
  • an electrode plate consisting of individual plates in vertically arranged electrodes in gas-forming diaphragm cells, the individual plates having guide surfaces for the discharge of the generated gas.
  • the electrodes are arranged in parallel with the smallest possible distance.
  • the previously known electrodes are from one or several plates.
  • the plates have horizontal slits, which are caused by bending the plate strips and provide the least resistance to the gas outlet. The bends face away from the counter electrode, there is no noticeable reduction in the active surface.
  • the electrodes are ideally also to be used as conductors of the electrical current. This application does not cause problems in bipolar cells, since here the current is transported through the electrode in the direction of the electrolysis current, i.e. in any case, there is a sufficient cross-section for electricity transport. With monopolar cells, however, the current in the electrode must be transported across the electrolysis current. Flat electrodes can be used for this, but wire mesh and expanded metals cannot be used easily. This applies in particular to those electrolysis cells which, in contrast to the diaphragm cells, operate at current densities above 3 kA / m2. In this case, internal current line elements, such as line rods, are normally used, from which the current is distributed to the active surface of the electrodes (DE-OS 28 21 984).
  • the invention has for its object to avoid or reduce such voltage losses and to enable high electrolysis currents.
  • the invention is based on an electrode arrangement for gas-forming electrolyzers, in particular monopolar membrane electrolyzers with a vertically arranged plate electrode and counter electrode and a membrane between the plate electrode and counter electrode.
  • the invention solves the problem in that an electrode arrangement of the type mentioned is designed and improved in accordance with the invention in such a way that perforated, electrically conductive and electrically conductively connected flat structures are attached as pre-electrodes to the surfaces of the plate electrodes facing the membrane, which run in parallel planes to the plate electrodes.
  • the membrane is in a certain distance from the plate-shaped anode held and the filling of the space between the membrane and plate surface with electrolyte ensured.
  • the pre-electrode made of openwork supports the ion-selective membrane, while the electrically highly conductive, plate-shaped electrode allows high electrolysis currents and at the same time participates in the electrolysis with its surface facing the openwork (front electrode).
  • the surface of the membrane that is inactive in conventional arrangements due to the necessary perforation of the usual electrodes is also included in the electrolysis process. Furthermore, a particularly effective degassing of the electrolyte / gas suspension is brought about.
  • the vertically arranged plate anode can consist, in a manner known per se, of strip-shaped titanium sheets which are bent in a certain way and have gas discharge lines corresponding to the type described in EP-OS 102 099.
  • the individual strip-shaped sheets are completely separated from one another by a horizontally continuous gap.
  • the plate electrode carrying the perforated flat structure can also be separated into a plurality of units which are completely separate from one another vertically or vertically and horizontally.
  • Membrane electrolysis cells of such an electrode structure in which the electrode of one polarity is horizontally divided into several separate units and the electrode of the opposite polarity is divided vertically into several separate units, are known from EP-OS 97 991.
  • the openwork fabrics or pre-electrodes are attached to the plate electrode at a distance of 1 to 5 mm. A distance of 1.5 to 2.5 mm is preferably maintained.
  • the perforated flat structures are usually connected to cams or bosses of the plate electrode via spot welds. The distances or number of hump or spot welds are adapted to the requirements with regard to the current load. Of course, all other common connection techniques can also be used.
  • the openwork, electrically conductive metallic fabric which is generally resilient and flexible and has a thickness of about 0.5 to 2 mm, can be, for example, a perforated plate (screen plate), expanded metal or wire mesh, such as wire mesh or wire mesh.
  • the openwork structure can also be formed by a system of individual wires which are aligned in a plane essentially parallel to the electrode plate and are connected to the plate electrode by spot welding on the latter. The individual wires can be arranged in parallel or at an angle to one another, so that square or diamond-like structures arise.
  • the construction material for the electrode arrangement according to the invention for monopolar electrolyzers depends in a manner known per se on the use of the electrode arrangement as an anode or cathode. If the electrode arrangement consisting of plate electrodes and a perforated sheet (pre-electrode) connected to it is used as an anode in the electrolysis of aqueous alkali chloride solutions, the plate and pre-electrodes consist, for example, of titanium, zirconium, niobium, Tantalum or its alloys. When used as a cathode, the material of the front and plate electrodes is, for example, stainless steel, nickel or steel plated with these metals.
  • the electrode arrangement of the invention is firmly installed in a manner known per se in a frame which has connection elements for the supply of the electric current.
  • the plate electrode is only provided with an activating coating on its surface facing the counterelectrode, in a known manner from e.g. Metal oxides and metals from the platinum, iridium, osmium, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium group.
  • the electrode arrangement according to the invention is used in monopolar electrolyzers with membranes.
  • membrane cells are only to be understood as those cells which have ion-selective membranes, such as perfluorinated cation exchange membranes.
  • ion-selective membranes such as perfluorinated cation exchange membranes.
  • Such membranes allow the separation of cathodic and anodic products of an electrolysis from one another or from the reactants supplied to the counterelectrode.
  • the electrode arrangement according to the invention has a number of advantages.
  • the ion-selective membrane is kept at the desired constant distance from the plate electrode in a simple and safe manner. Due to the fact that both the perforated pre-electrode works on the flanks of the openings and the plate electrode works on the projected areas of the openings, the current in the membrane is distributed more evenly than when only using perforated electrodes. In the space between the perforated electrode and the plate electrode is due to the geometric arrangement better degassing of the gas / electrolyte suspension and a better electrolyte exchange. Due to the arrangement of the invention, it is also possible to reduce the voltage drop.
  • the K number can be reduced by values of up to 0.05 V ⁇ m2 / kA, which corresponds to a voltage gain of 200 mV at a current of 4 kA / m2.
  • the gap between the front and plate electrodes was kept at a distance of 3 mm by vertical titanium wires, which simultaneously made the electrical contact between the front and plate electrodes.
  • the counter electrode consisted of non-activated expanded metal made of nickel.
  • the electrode gap between The front electrode and counter electrode were 4 mm.
  • the membrane was in contact with the pre-electrode.
  • the electrolyte temperature was 70 to 80 ° C.
  • the catholyte consisted of 32% sodium hydroxide solution.
  • the brine contained 310 g NaCl / l; the anolyte contained 200 g NaCl / l.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
EP87201843A 1986-11-27 1987-09-25 Agencement d'électrode, pour électrolyseurs produisant des gaz, présentant des plaques d'électrode disposées verticalement Expired - Lifetime EP0274138B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87201843T ATE71672T1 (de) 1986-11-27 1987-09-25 Elektrodenanordnung fuer gasbildende elektrolyseure mit vertikal angeordneten plattenelektroden.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863640584 DE3640584A1 (de) 1986-11-27 1986-11-27 Elektrodenanordnung fuer gasbildende elektrolyseure mit vertikal angeordneten plattenelektroden
DE3640584 1986-11-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0274138A1 true EP0274138A1 (fr) 1988-07-13
EP0274138B1 EP0274138B1 (fr) 1992-01-15

Family

ID=6314934

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87201843A Expired - Lifetime EP0274138B1 (fr) 1986-11-27 1987-09-25 Agencement d'électrode, pour électrolyseurs produisant des gaz, présentant des plaques d'électrode disposées verticalement

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4839013A (fr)
EP (1) EP0274138B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS63140093A (fr)
AT (1) ATE71672T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU594214B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR8706360A (fr)
CA (1) CA1312844C (fr)
DE (2) DE3640584A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2029683T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI82488C (fr)
IN (1) IN165046B (fr)
ZA (1) ZA878895B (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5221452A (en) * 1990-02-15 1993-06-22 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Monopolar ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell assembly
US5254233A (en) * 1990-02-15 1993-10-19 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Monopolar ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell assembly
CN1019590B (zh) * 1990-09-03 1992-12-23 张学明 高效水电解制氢氧装置
DE4306889C1 (de) * 1993-03-05 1994-08-18 Heraeus Elektrochemie Elektrodenanordnung für gasbildende elektrolytische Prozesse in Membran-Zellen und deren Verwendung
IT1279069B1 (it) * 1995-11-22 1997-12-04 Permelec Spa Nora Migliorato tipo di elettrodo per elettrolizzatori a membrana a scambio ionico
US20030112916A1 (en) * 2000-02-25 2003-06-19 Keeney Franklin W. Cold nuclear fusion under non-equilibrium conditions
US6924049B2 (en) * 2000-09-11 2005-08-02 Joe G. Rich, Sr. Electrolysis fuel cell energy plant
WO2003095705A1 (fr) * 2002-05-13 2003-11-20 Kirk Donald W Electrode divisee s'utilisant dans des cellules electrolytiques
CN102196940B (zh) * 2008-10-31 2013-09-25 丰田自动车株式会社 电动车辆的电源系统及其控制方法
CN114990603B (zh) 2014-01-15 2024-02-06 蒂森克虏伯新纪元氯氢有限公司 离子交换膜电解槽
NL2032717B1 (en) * 2022-08-10 2024-02-16 Itrec Bv Electrolyser and method for performing electrolysis

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3123665A1 (de) * 1981-06-15 1982-12-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Vertikal angeordnete plattenelektrode fuer gasbildende elektrolyseure
EP0076747A1 (fr) * 1981-09-30 1983-04-13 Creusot-Loire Electrolyseur du type filtre-presse
EP0170419A2 (fr) * 1984-07-02 1986-02-05 Olin Corporation Cellule à densité de courant élevée

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH288156A (de) * 1949-11-03 1953-01-15 Montedison Spa Elektrodensystem für Bipolarelektrolyseure.
US4236989A (en) * 1978-07-07 1980-12-02 Ppg Industries, Inc. Electrolytic cell
DE3228884A1 (de) * 1982-08-03 1984-02-09 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Vertikal angeordnete plattenelektrode fuer gasbildende elektrolyseure
GB8420873D0 (en) * 1984-08-16 1984-09-19 Ici Plc Electrode for electrolytic cell

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3123665A1 (de) * 1981-06-15 1982-12-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Vertikal angeordnete plattenelektrode fuer gasbildende elektrolyseure
EP0076747A1 (fr) * 1981-09-30 1983-04-13 Creusot-Loire Electrolyseur du type filtre-presse
EP0170419A2 (fr) * 1984-07-02 1986-02-05 Olin Corporation Cellule à densité de courant élevée

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1312844C (fr) 1993-01-19
FI82488B (fi) 1990-11-30
ZA878895B (en) 1989-07-26
ES2029683T3 (es) 1992-09-01
BR8706360A (pt) 1988-07-26
ATE71672T1 (de) 1992-02-15
AU594214B2 (en) 1990-03-01
FI82488C (fi) 1991-03-11
EP0274138B1 (fr) 1992-01-15
JPS63140093A (ja) 1988-06-11
FI874376A (fi) 1988-05-28
FI874376A0 (fi) 1987-10-06
IN165046B (fr) 1989-08-05
AU8182087A (en) 1988-06-02
DE3776122D1 (de) 1992-02-27
DE3640584A1 (de) 1988-06-09
US4839013A (en) 1989-06-13

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