EP0267948A1 - Procede et appareil de separation - Google Patents

Procede et appareil de separation

Info

Publication number
EP0267948A1
EP0267948A1 EP19870903672 EP87903672A EP0267948A1 EP 0267948 A1 EP0267948 A1 EP 0267948A1 EP 19870903672 EP19870903672 EP 19870903672 EP 87903672 A EP87903672 A EP 87903672A EP 0267948 A1 EP0267948 A1 EP 0267948A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
separation
impact surface
particle
deflected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19870903672
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Donecker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rio Tinto Aluminium Ltd
Original Assignee
Comalco Aluminum Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Comalco Aluminum Ltd filed Critical Comalco Aluminum Ltd
Publication of EP0267948A1 publication Critical patent/EP0267948A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B07B13/003—Separation of articles by differences in their geometrical form or by difference in their physical properties, e.g. elasticity, compressibility, hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B07B13/10—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices using momentum effects

Definitions

  • This invention is concerned with the separation of particulate materials utilizing properties inherent in particles to contribute to the separation process.
  • the invention is particularly although not exclusively related to separation and classification of particulate materials on the basis of particle shape, resilience, size, magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity or like properties.
  • a well known technique for sorting spherical particles utilizes a flat surface across which a mono-layer of particulate feedstock moves. This technique however is inefficient due to the need for a mono-layer and low particle velocity.
  • Such techniques are exemplified in US3672500, US3464550 and DE-2701009-A.
  • An alternative technique for sorting spherical material is described in SU831226A which relates to the use of a curved reflection surface to achieve separation.
  • US3680694 describes an apparatus utilizing properties of particle resilience to achieve separation but employs a different principle involving the resonant frequencies of the particles.
  • a method of separating particulate materials comprising the steps of:- allowing a particulate material under the influence of gravity to contact an impact surface whereby particles are deflected therefrom to follow respective deflection paths as a function of a physical property of each said particle; and, selectively splitting by splitting means at least one portion of said deflected particles into a respective collection region.
  • the particulate material to be separated is directed from a feed source located above said impact surface and preferably the particulate material is fed in a controlled flow to said impact surface. Most preferably the particulate material is fed in a curtain-like stream.
  • an apparatus for separation of particulate materials comprising:- an impact surface adapted to deflect therefrom particles fed under the influence of gravity onto said impact surface whereby said particles are deflected therefrom to follow respective deflection paths as a function of a physical property of each said particle; and, splitting means to selectively direct at least one portion of said deflected particles into a respective collection region.
  • the feed source may comprise any suitable feeding apparatus such as a vibratory feeder, belt feeder or the like and may be adapted to allow the particulate material to fall as a thin curtain onto the impact surface.
  • the impact surface " suitably comprises a plate-like element which may be planar contoured or textured or it may combine more than one of those features and preferably is angularly adjustable relative to the direction of flow of particulate material thereonto.
  • vibration means Associated with the impact surface there may be vibration means, heating means, a magnetic field, an electrostatic field, a fluid flow path or any combination thereof to assist in the separation process.
  • the impact surface may be comprised of any suitable material including but not limited to rigid materials, resilient materials, flexible materials.
  • the impact surface material may be solid, porous or comprised of laminated members having different physical and mechanical properties.
  • the impact surface may comprise a thin membrane-like member and the membrane impact surface may have adjustable tension means to vary the tension in the membrane.
  • the splitting means suitably comprises at least one barrier between adjacent collection regions and said barrier may be adjustable to vary the position and/or area of one or more of said collection regions.
  • the splitting means may comprise one or more blade-like elements arranged transversely of a flow of particles directed from the impact surface to split said flow into portions each having particles of differing physical characteristics.
  • the splitting means may comprise fixed or angularly adjustable plate-like members which may be shaped, contoured or textured or combine more than one of those features.
  • splitting means may be electrostatic and/or magnetic fields, vibration means, a fluid flow or any combination thereof to assist in the separation and/or splitting process.
  • the apparatus may comprise a plurality of separation units as described above, the collection regions of each unit communicating with respective feed zones of successive units whereby selectively split portions of a particulate feed material are subjected to further separation.
  • FIG 2 shows a plurality of separation units connected to form a cascade
  • FIGS 3 and 4 show an alternative embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention.
  • FIG 5 shows a modular unit of the type shown in FIG 1.
  • the separation unit comprises a walled chamber 1 open at its upper end 2 and including sloping floors 3 and 4 respectively forming the floors of collection regions 5 and 6. Outlet ports 7 and 8 respectively are provided at the lower ends of floors 3 and 4.
  • an impact surface 9 is Situated above the collection regions 5 and 6 is an impact surface 9 in the form of a plate-like member spanning the upper portion of the chamber 1.
  • a variable angle splitter blade 10 extends across the chamber 1 and is pivotably mounted on the apex of floors 3 and 4.
  • a particulate material is fed as a thin curtain onto surface 9 under the influence of gravity and depending upon such properties as sphericity, resilience, etc., the particles are deflected along differing deflection paths. some into collection region 5 and some into collection region 6.
  • the fraction collected in collection region 6 will comprise particles having a greater degree of sphericity than those collected in collection region 5.
  • the splitter blade 10 is angularly adjustable to vary the effective area or opening associated with each collection area to provide a more precise split between the fractions. The splitting effect based on sphericity occurs because irregularly shaped or less spherical particles are statistically less likely to contact the impact surface with an orientation of the particle which might maximise the extent of particle deflection.
  • either or both of the separated fractions removed from ports 7 and 8 may be recycled a number of times.
  • FIG 1 Rather than recycle fractions to obtain a greater degree of separation, units of the type shown in FIG 1 may be arranged in a cascade as shown in FIG 2.
  • FIG 2 illustrates the modular nature of the invention wherein a plurality of units are stacked to form a cascade, the separated fractions of one unit being directed as a feed to successive units for further separation.
  • outlet ports 20,21 of upper unit 23 are arranged as feed inlets respectively for lower units 24,25 which in turn feed inlets for units 26,27 and 28.
  • the initial feed of particulate material is thus ultimately divided into four fractions collected in receptacles 29,30,31 and 32.
  • Each of the impact surfaces 35 associated with each separation unit may be adjusted to the same inclination or depending upon the fractions to be separated the impact surfaces may have differing angles of inclination. Further, the impact surfaces may vary in surface contour, texture and/or construction. Similarly splitter bars 36 may be adjusted for separation of specific fractions.
  • the method and apparatus according to the invention may be applicable to " classification of particulate materials according to one or more physical properties.
  • other influential techniques may be employed.
  • the device may be rotated about an axis shown generally by axis b-b. In this manner the extent of deflection and/or the kinetic energy of the particles before or after deflection may be enhanced by centripetal forces on the particles.
  • Electrostatic or electromagnetic fields may exist for example between the impact plate and the splitter bar or in planes parallel to or perpendicular to the deflection paths of the particles. In this manner magnetic susceptibility and/or electrical conductivity properties of particles may be employed in addition to other physical properties to effect separation and/or classification.
  • the separation/classification may be carried out in any suitable fluid medium or in vacuo.
  • Such media may include air or in the event of potential explosion due to electrostatic discharge, an inert gas medium may be employed.
  • an inert gas medium may be employed.
  • liquids of varying viscosities may be employed.
  • the fluid medium may be static or concurrent or countercurrent fluid flows may be utilized to control either the terminal velocities of particles contacting an impact surface and/or the deflection paths of the particles.
  • the impact surface may be vibrated to induce additional kinetic energy to the particles undergoing deflection.
  • vibration may be necessary to avoid adhesion of particles to the impact surface which adhesion may adversely affect separation capability.
  • the impact surface may be heated but in any event the impact plate may be cleaned periodically or continuously by diffusion of fluid therethrough or by brushing, scraping or wiping with a fluid jet.
  • the impact surface may be planar or textured with projections of constant or varying frequency in terms of spacing or depth.
  • the impact surface may be curved to correct for the finite width of a falling curtain of particles.
  • the curved surface may define portion of a circle, ellipse or paraboloid.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 A further embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIGS 3 and 4.
  • a separation unit is formed by a rotating cylinder 30 having an inclined rotational axis.
  • Fixedly mounted within cylinder 30 are a plurality of funnel-like members 31 each having an outlet port 32 aligned above an inclined impact surface 33.
  • the internal surface of cylinder 30 includes a plurality of lifting members 34 which serve to elevate a particulate material, introduced into the upper end 35 of cylinder 30, above the first funnel member 31a and to empty same into the mouth of the funnel as the cylinder rotates. Particulate material introduced into funnel 31a exists via outlet port 32 in a controlled manner to contact impact plate 33.
  • Portion of the particles are deflected further towards the outlet end 36 of cylinder 30 depending upon the physical characteristics of the mix of particles in the feed input. Similarly, another portion is not deflected to the same extent and this latter portion, when collected by lifting members, is less likely to be deposited in next funnel 31b. As the cylinder rotates a continuous separation occurs with particles having a predominant physical property emerging first at the outlet end 36 followed by gradually changing fractions of particles having differing physical properties.
  • the cascade arrangement of FIG 2 may be constructed from a plurality of modules having the general configuration of the unit of FIG 1. As shown in FIG 5 an end wall remote from the impact plate 9 may be removable where appropriate. The units are readily transportable to a site and the cascade may be constructed or the configuration thereof modified to suit the particulate material being separated, graded or classified.
  • the cascade arrangement of FIG 2 may be constructed from a plurality of modules having the general configuration of the unit of FIG 1. As shown in FIG 5 an end wall remote from the impact plate 9 may be removable where appropriate.
  • the units are readily transportable to a site and the cascade may be constructed or the configuration thereof modified to suit the particulate material being separated, graded . or classified.
  • particulate material which may be separated by such a process is alluvial sands which includes sand particles of varying shape and sphericity and plate-like flakes of gold. The more spherical sand particles emerge first followed by sand particles of irregular shape and finally the plate-like flakes of gold emerge.
  • the present invention may be used in conjunction with prior art separation techniques either to provide an initial coarse feed separation or to provide a selective separation of emergent fractions.
  • the particulate feedstock may be selectively coated with a coating material which affects the deflection characteristics of the individual particles.
  • the impact surface and/or the floors 3 and 4 of FIG 1 may be apertured to provide additional separation regions utilizing more conventional separation techniques. Accordingly it will be readily apparent to a skilled addressee that the method and apparatus according to the invention may be employed in the treatment of particulate materials for the purposes of:- shape classification; size classification; classification by co-efficient of restitution (resilience) ; classification and/or separation by other physical parameters including electrostatic properties and magnetic properties.
  • resilience co-efficient of restitution
  • Sphericity is expressed as the ratio of the mass of substantially spherical particles to the mass of the particulate feedstock
  • Example 2 The same sample of ceramic beads employed in comparative Example 1 was then introduced into a "cascade" sorting apparatus as shown schematically in FIG 2 of the accompanying drawings.
  • the beads were well rounded but varied in sphericity.
  • the cascade employed for this test comprised ten modules of the type illustrated schematically in FIG 1 and the feed rate was optimized at 500 kg/metre width per hour. The sorted beads were then collected as five fractions, each of which fraction was weighed and tested for sphericity. The results are set forth in Table 1 as follows:-

Abstract

Un appareil de séparation de particules est conçu pour séparer une substance particulaire sur la base de propriétés physiques différentes, telles que la sphéricité, la densité et la résilience. Les particules sont acheminées sous l'influence de la gravité dans un courant formant un rideau étroit sur une plaque de choc inclinée (9), destinée à renvoyer les particules en les déviant selon des chemins de déviation différents qui dépendent des propriétés physiques différentes. Le courant de particules déviées est séparé à l'aide d'une plaque de séparation réglable (10) et aboutit dans des régions collectrices (5, 6). Les cellules de séparation individuelles (1) sont de nature modulaire et peuvent être assemblées, afin de former une cascade permettant de produire des fractions variées de particules séparées selon les besoins.
EP19870903672 1986-05-26 1987-05-25 Procede et appareil de separation Withdrawn EP0267948A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU609186 1986-05-26
AU6091/86 1986-05-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0267948A1 true EP0267948A1 (fr) 1988-05-25

Family

ID=3696591

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870903672 Withdrawn EP0267948A1 (fr) 1986-05-26 1987-05-25 Procede et appareil de separation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0267948A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN87104432A (fr)
WO (1) WO1987007187A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (14)

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GB2244663B (en) * 1990-06-09 1994-02-02 Laurence Stephen Coyle Manual fed gravity operated article segregation unit
FR2687083B1 (fr) * 1992-02-07 1995-03-24 Micronyl Wedco Procede et dispositif de triage de corps residuels en pvc et pet, et application au triage d'un melange de bouteilles plastiques.
NZ280979A (en) * 1996-02-13 1998-02-26 Richard Douglas Ireland Bird seed/husk separator includes separating units, impact plates and collecting means
US7556558B2 (en) 2005-09-27 2009-07-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Shape controlled abrasive article and method
CN100395040C (zh) * 2005-12-08 2008-06-18 安徽精通科技有限公司 微电子封装锡球抛射筛选方法
US8628597B2 (en) 2009-06-25 2014-01-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of sorting abrasive particles, abrasive particle distributions, and abrasive articles including the same
US8905243B2 (en) * 2010-08-11 2014-12-09 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Apparatus for sorting objects, and associated method
CN102658265A (zh) * 2012-04-27 2012-09-12 王向华 块茎作物与石块杂物分离方法及其装置
CN102806364B (zh) * 2012-09-03 2015-01-14 中核（天津）机械有限公司 具有工件车屑分离功能的接料装置
CN104174592B (zh) * 2014-09-05 2016-08-24 成英 农业科研试验用种子精选机
WO2019097528A1 (fr) * 2017-11-16 2019-05-23 Osmund Justin Jebaraj Crible à percussion
CN108636809B (zh) * 2018-04-20 2021-04-13 航天材料及工艺研究所 一种金属球形粉末除杂装置及除杂方法
CN110743800A (zh) * 2019-09-25 2020-02-04 河南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种梗丝分选装置及分选方法
CN114279535A (zh) * 2021-11-29 2022-04-05 山西晋煤集团技术研究院有限责任公司 一种煤矿井下煤仓用可调节带式给料称重装置及方法

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GB404603A (en) * 1932-04-14 1934-01-18 Alexis Desire Elie Improvements relating to processes and devices for selecting materials of different shapes or natures
DE872685C (de) * 1943-02-19 1953-04-02 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Sichten von Baum-, Feld- und Bodenfruechten, z. B. Kartoffeln
US2932393A (en) * 1955-08-24 1960-04-12 Eugene H Leslic Process and apparatus for beneficiating mineral aggregates
GB808526A (en) * 1955-08-24 1959-02-04 Blaw Knox Co A method of and apparatus for sorting mineral aggregates
US3004665A (en) * 1955-08-24 1961-10-17 Eugene H Leslie System for beneficiating gravel and the like
CH462748A (it) * 1966-03-10 1968-09-30 Ferrero Giacomo Dispositivo per la separazione di materiali solidi, sfusi, eterogenei, diversamente elastici
GB1449021A (en) * 1973-02-12 1976-09-08 Lockwood Graders Ltd Separating means
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1987007187A1 (fr) 1987-12-03
CN87104432A (zh) 1988-02-24

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