EP0265344B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Pfahls im Boden, sowie Bohrmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung dieses Verfahrens - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Pfahls im Boden, sowie Bohrmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung dieses Verfahrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0265344B1
EP0265344B1 EP87402368A EP87402368A EP0265344B1 EP 0265344 B1 EP0265344 B1 EP 0265344B1 EP 87402368 A EP87402368 A EP 87402368A EP 87402368 A EP87402368 A EP 87402368A EP 0265344 B1 EP0265344 B1 EP 0265344B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
cutters
drilling
machine
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87402368A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0265344A1 (de
Inventor
Yves Legendre
Hervé Barthelemy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soletanche SA
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Soletanche SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soletanche SA filed Critical Soletanche SA
Publication of EP0265344A1 publication Critical patent/EP0265344A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0265344B1 publication Critical patent/EP0265344B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
    • E21B10/34—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools of roller-cutter type
    • E21B10/345—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools of roller-cutter type cutter shifted by fluid pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels
    • E02F3/205—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels with a pair of digging wheels, e.g. slotting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/20—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes
    • E21B7/208—Driving or forcing casings or pipes into boreholes, e.g. sinking; Simultaneously drilling and casing boreholes using down-hole drives

Definitions

  • the present invention firstly relates to a method for producing a stake in the ground, and in particular in the underwater ground.
  • the foundations of structures are generally made by inclined or vertical piles of large diameter (84 ", or 2.10 m) beaten with Diesel hammers from the surface, or underwater hydraulic hammer.
  • the present invention aims in particular to provide a process allowing the production of large diameter cemented bored piles, more particularly on an underwater bottom.
  • the invention firstly relates to a method for producing a stake in the ground, and in particular in the underwater ground, in which:
  • the drilling machine is withdrawn from the tube thus sunk into the ground and the annular space between the wall of the hole and the external surface of the tube is cemented.
  • tubing a tube having a smaller diameter of 80 "(2m) for a thickness of 2" (5cm) or an outside diameter of 84 “(2.10m). drilling from top to bottom in 78 “(1.95m) with the cutters in their retracted position and drilling from bottom to top in 90" (2.25m) with the cutters in their deployed position.
  • the predetermined depth on which is carried out each section of drilling can for example be 3 meters.
  • the pitch of the descent of the tube can be either less than or equal to the depth over which each section of the drilling is carried out.
  • a drilling machine is used of the type comprising a head and a body on which the cutters are mounted, the head and the body being connected by a jack, said head is suspended from the upper end of the tube at a fixed distance from this end, and the aforementioned drilling and over-drilling operations are carried out by extension and retraction of said jack respectively.
  • the invention also relates to a drilling device for implementing the method described above, comprising a drilling machine contained in a tube comprising at least one pair of cutters driven in rotation in opposite directions, characterized in that, each of said cutters being mounted on an oscillating support, means being provided for moving said supports between two positions where the cutters are respectively in the first, position where their transverse dimensions are less than the inside diameter of the tube, and in a second position where their transverse dimensions are greater than the outside diameter of the tube, and
  • a drilling machine comprising two pairs of superimposed cutters, the set of four cutters having a substantially circular horizontal projection.
  • drilling machines of this type comprising pairs of cutters driven in opposite directions, sometimes have the drawback of leaving an intact step between the cutters which, depending on the nature of the ground, can oppose to the progression of the strawberry.
  • the device for holding and lowering the tube step by step comprises a first clamp mounted fixedly relative to the ground, and a second clamp coaxial with the first collar, means being provided for spreading and bring the second necklace closer to the first necklace.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of an assembly capable of being used for implementing the method according to the invention
  • FIGS. 2a and 2b show the lower part of the drilling machine with the cutters respectively in spaced apart and tightened positions
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b are bottom views corresponding respectively to FIGS. 2a and 2b,
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b are a view in vertical section of the machine during drilling with its lowering cylinder respectively in the retracted and deployed position
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view in cross section of FIGS. 4a and 4b.
  • the drilling machine used 1 is of the type comprising a body 2 and a head 3 connected by a feed cylinder 4. At its lower part, the body 2 receives, by means of a support 5 mounted pivoting about a vertical axis, a pair of upper cutters 6 and a pair of lower cutters 7.
  • the cutters 6 and 7 are mounted for rotation about substantially horizontal axes, the axes of the cutters 7 being perpendicular to the axes of the cutters 6.
  • the two cutters 6 rotate in opposite directions, as do the two cutters 7, so as to bring back the cuttings towards the vertical axis of the machine, where they are sucked by a cuttings pump 8 via a suction duct 9 ( Figure 2a).
  • the cutters 6 and 7 have a shape such that their horizontal projection is substantially circular, as can be seen in Figures 3a and 3b, so that the drilling they perform has a circular section.
  • Such an arrangement of cutters is described in French patent application No. 84 19053.
  • the drive motors of the pump 8 and of the cutters 6 and 7 are supplied, for example, by a hydraulic unit 9 itself driven by a seawater turbine 10.
  • This turbine receives pressurized seawater from a surface maritime support, for example a dynamically positioned vessel, via a two-way pipe 11 and a rod train 12.
  • the pipe 11 is connected at its lower end to the head 3 of the machine drilling 1, while its upper end is connected to the lower end of the rod train 12 via a distribution box 13.
  • One of the lines of the pipe 11 allows the supply of the turbine and the another way allows the evacuation of delays.
  • a flexible pipe 14 is connected to the distribution box 13 for the evacuation of drill cuttings. Such an arrangement is described in French patent application No. 86 05529.
  • Figures 1 and 6b also show the drilling machine 1 arranged inside a tube 15 intended to form the casing of the drilling carried out using the machine.
  • the drilling machine 1 is supported by the tube 15 itself via its head 3 and the two-way pipe 11, the upper end of which is mounted integral with the upper end of the tube 15 via a support member 16.
  • the machine 1 is therefore suspended inside the tube 15 by means of the member 16, the head 3 being at a fixed distance from the upper end of the tube 15 equal to the length of the pipe 11.
  • the assembly according to the invention also includes a device 17 for holding and advancing the tube 15 step by step.
  • This device 17 firstly comprises a guide and support cone 18 capable of cooperating with the flared upper end 19 a reservation 20 formed in a structure 21 which it is desired to fix to the sea floor 22 by a pile produced in accordance with the invention.
  • a lower clamp 23 for the tube 15 is mounted integral with the cone 18, while an upper clamp 24 is mounted axially movable relative to the collar 23 by means of actuating cylinders 25.
  • Cylinders 26 allow the tube 15 to be clamped by the collar 23 and cylinders 27 allow the tube 15 to be clamped by the collar 24.
  • Guide cables 28 connected to the surface maritime support in constant tension, on their lower end fixed to the clamp 23 and pass through guides 29 and 30 secured respectively to the upper clamp 24 and the upper end of the tube 15, to ensure guiding the latter during its descent.
  • the descent of the tube 15 relative to its holding device, and therefore relative to the structure 21, is carried out with the lower collar 23 loosened and the upper collar 24 tightened, by retraction of the jacks 25.
  • This descent can be carried out step by step. In this case, once the cylinders 25 are fully retracted, the collar 23 is tightened and the collar 24 loosened, then the cylinders 25 deployed so as to raise the collar 24. The neck collar 24 is then tightened and the collar 23 loosened and the operation is restarted.
  • the cutters 6 and 7 can take either a spread position shown in Figures 2a and 3a, or a constricted position shown in Figures 2b and 3b.
  • each milling cutter 6 is mounted on a support 31 oscillating around a horizontal axis 32.
  • Cylinders 33 bearing on the conduit 9 make it possible to spread the milling cutters, as shown in FIG. 2a.
  • the horizontal projection of the strawberries has a larger diameter than the outside diameter of the tube 15, as shown in FIG. 3a.
  • jacks 34 bearing on a peripheral skirt 35 make it possible to tighten the cutters, as shown in FIG. 2b.
  • the horizontal projection of the cutters has a smaller diameter than the inside diameter of the tube 15, which allows the machine 1, including its cutters 6 and 7, to penetrate inside the tube 15.
  • oscillating supports and jacks similar to those of the cutters 6 are used to operate the cutters 7.
  • jacks 36 make it possible to rotate the support 5 of the cutters relative to the body 2 of the drilling machine 1. It is thus possible to make swing these strawberries, for example a few degrees, around a vertical axis, as shown by the arrows 37, and thus break the steps that form between the two strawberries 6 and, respectively, between the two strawberries 7 .
  • This oscillation causes a reaction torque which is taken up by inflatable shoes 38 bearing on the inner surface of the tube 15, and capable of sliding in grooves 39 of the body 2 of the machine 1.
  • An inflation device 40 is provided in the machine body for skids 38.
  • the assembly according to the invention finally comprises supply and control cables 41 for the device 17, as well as supply and control cables 42 for the drilling machine 1.
  • FIG. 6a represents the assembly constituted by the drilling machine 1, the tube 15 and the holding and advancing device 17 in the process of approaching the reservation 20 provided for in the structure 21.
  • This approach is carried out by maintaining the assembly suspended by the rod train 12 from a surface sea support not shown. It can be seen that during this approach, the machine 1 is entirely disposed inside the tube 15, the cutters being in their retracted position in FIGS. 2b and 3b.
  • the guide and support cone 18 has penetrated into the flaring 19 of the reservation 20, thus positioning the assembly relative to the structure 21.
  • the cylindrical part of the reservation 20 is provided with a diameter inside slightly greater than the outside diameter of the tube 15, in order to allow the latter to descend to the ground through the reservation 20.
  • the device 17 could be placed directly on the seabed, in the event that one wishes to make an anchoring stake before the structure it is intended to anchor is put in place.
  • a first drilling from top to bottom is then carried out, as shown in FIG. 6d, by deployment of the advance cylinder 4, the cutters always being in their tightened position in FIGS. 2b and 3b.
  • a borehole 50 is thus produced, the diameter of which is less than the inside diameter of the tube 15.
  • the hole 51 thus produced therefore has a diameter slightly greater than the outside diameter of the tube 15.
  • the strawberries are then discarded and an over-drilling 53 is carried out from bottom to top to a diameter greater than the outside diameter of the tube 15 (FIG. 6h).
  • this tube can again be lowered to the bottom of the corresponding hole, as shown in FIG. 6j.
  • the device 17 and the drilling machine 1 are reassembled using the rod train 12, as shown in FIG. 6k, leaving the tube 15 in place in the reservation 20 of the structure 21, and sunk into the ground 22.
  • annular space 54 formed between the outer surface of tube 15 and the walls of the hole in which the tube is pressed is then held together by any suitable means, as shown in Figure 6 l 55.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Verfahren für die Herstellung eines Pfahls zur Einrammung in den Boden, und speziell in den Unterwassergrund, in welchem Verfahren
    a) das untere Ende eines Rohrs (15) mit festgelegtem Innen- und Außendurchmesser, das im Inneren eine mit beweglichen Fräsern (6, 7) ausgerüstete Bohrmaschine (1) enthält, merklich in Kontakt mit dem Boden gebracht wird, wobei die erste Position der Fräser sich bei einer zweiten Position, in der ihre Querabmessung größer ist als der Außendurchmesser des Rohrs, dort befindet, wo ihre Querabmessung geringer ist als der Innendurchmesser des Rohrs,
    b) mit den Fräsern in ihrer besagten ersten Position eine Bohrung von oben nach unten mit festgelegter Tiefe eingebracht wird,
    c) die Fräser auf ihre besagte zweite Position eingestellt werden,
    d) mit den Fräsern in ihrer zweiten Position von oben nach unten bis in die Nähe des besagten unteren Rohrendes eine Überbohrung eingebracht wird,
    e) die Fräser in ihre besagte zweite Position zurückgeführt und die Maschine in dem Rohr eingezogen werden,
    f) das Rohr in das so auf die festgelegte Tiefe gebohrte Loch herabgelassen wird, und gegebenenfalls eine bestimmte Anzahl der Arbeitsgänge nach b) bis einschließlich e) wiederholt werden, und
    g) die so in den Untergrund eingetriebene Bohrmaschine aus dem Rohr herausgezogen und der ringförmige Raum (54) zwischen der Lochwand und der Außenfläche des Rohrs zementiert werden.
  2. verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor der Herstellung des Pfahls eine Vorrichtung (17) montiert wird, mit der das Rohr festgehalten und Schritt für Schritt in das besagte Loch herabgelassen werden kann.
  3. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine aus einem Kopf (3) und einem Rumpf (2), auf dem die Fräser montiert sind, bestehende Bohrmaschine verwendet wird, wobei Kopf und Rumpf durch einen Zylinder (4) verbunden sind, daß besagter Kopf am oberen Ende des Rohrs in einem festgelegten Abstand von diesem Ende eingehängt wird, und die obenerwähnten Bohr- und Überbohrvorgänge durch Vorschub beziehungsweise Rückzug des besagten Zylinders ausgefuhrt werden.
  4. Bohrgerät zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem beliebigen der Asprüche 1 bis 3, bestehend aus einer in einem Rohr (15) enthaltenen mit mindestens einem Paar entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn rotierend angetriebenen Fräsern ausgerüsteten Bohrmaschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder der besagten Fräser auf einer schwenkbaren Halterung (31) montiert ist, daß Vorrichtungen (33, 34) für die Verschiebung der besagten Halterungen zwischen zwei Positionen, wo die Fräser sich in einer ersten Position, bei der ihre Querabmessung geringer ist als der Innendurchmesser des Rohrs (15), bezw. in einer zweiten Position befinden, in der ihre Querabmessung größer ist als der Außendurchmesser des Rohrs (15), und Vorrichtungen (23, 24, 25) für die Halterung und schrittweise Herablassung des besagten Rohrs vorgesehen sind.
  5. Bohrgerät nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bohrmaschine mit zwei übereinander angeordneten Fräserpaaren (6, 7) ausgerüstet ist, wobei die Gesamtheit der vier Fräser horizontal deutlich kreisförmig hervorsteht.
  6. Bohrgerät nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 4 und 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß besagte Fräser auf eine Halterung (5) montiert sind, welche Halterung wiederum am Maschinenkörper um eine etwa vertikale Achse drehbar befestigt ist, und daß Vorrichtungen (36) für den Antrieb der Drehung besagter Halterung um besagte Achse vorgesehen sind.
  7. Bohrgerät nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bohrmaschine speziell aufblasbare Gleitstücke (38) enthält, die in die Längsnuten (39) eingesetzt sind und zur Auflage an die Innenfläche des Rohrs kommen können.
  8. Bohrgerät nach einem beliebigen der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß besagte Vorrichtungen zur Halterung und Herablassung einen ersten Klemmbund (23), der im Verhältnis zum Boden fest montiert ist, und einen zweiten mit dem ersten Klemmbund koaxialen Klemmbund (24), und Vorrichtungen (25) zur Vergrößerung oder Verkleinerung des Abstands zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Bund enthalten.
EP87402368A 1986-10-22 1987-10-21 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Pfahls im Boden, sowie Bohrmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung dieses Verfahrens Expired - Lifetime EP0265344B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8614657A FR2605657A1 (fr) 1986-10-22 1986-10-22 Procede pour la realisation d'un pieu dans le sol, machine de forage et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
FR8614657 1986-10-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0265344A1 EP0265344A1 (de) 1988-04-27
EP0265344B1 true EP0265344B1 (de) 1991-04-03

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EP87402368A Expired - Lifetime EP0265344B1 (de) 1986-10-22 1987-10-21 Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Pfahls im Boden, sowie Bohrmaschine und Vorrichtung zur Ausführung dieses Verfahrens

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4904119A (de)
EP (1) EP0265344B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS63217016A (de)
AU (1) AU592678B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8705631A (de)
CA (1) CA1277975C (de)
DE (2) DE265344T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2002707B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2605657A1 (de)
IN (1) IN171369B (de)
NO (1) NO874393L (de)
ZA (1) ZA877914B (de)

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US7857052B2 (en) 2006-05-12 2010-12-28 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Stage cementing methods used in casing while drilling
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63217016A (ja) 1988-09-09
AU592678B2 (en) 1990-01-18
ES2002707A4 (es) 1988-10-01
NO874393L (no) 1988-04-25
US4904119A (en) 1990-02-27
DE3769074D1 (de) 1991-05-08
EP0265344A1 (de) 1988-04-27
DE265344T1 (de) 1988-11-24
AU7999987A (en) 1988-04-28
NO874393D0 (no) 1987-10-21
IN171369B (de) 1992-09-26
ES2002707B3 (es) 1991-10-16
BR8705631A (pt) 1988-05-31
FR2605657A1 (fr) 1988-04-29
ZA877914B (en) 1988-04-26
CA1277975C (fr) 1990-12-18

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