EP0263803A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verankerung unter Zugspannung - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verankerung unter Zugspannung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0263803A1
EP0263803A1 EP87870139A EP87870139A EP0263803A1 EP 0263803 A1 EP0263803 A1 EP 0263803A1 EP 87870139 A EP87870139 A EP 87870139A EP 87870139 A EP87870139 A EP 87870139A EP 0263803 A1 EP0263803 A1 EP 0263803A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchoring
sheath
sealing
head
cartridge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87870139A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0263803B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Duvieusart
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
D'entreprises Cfe Sa Cie
Original Assignee
CFE COMP FRANC ENTERPR
D'entreprises Cfe Sa Cie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CFE COMP FRANC ENTERPR, D'entreprises Cfe Sa Cie filed Critical CFE COMP FRANC ENTERPR
Priority to AT87870139T priority Critical patent/ATE56073T1/de
Publication of EP0263803A1 publication Critical patent/EP0263803A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0263803B1 publication Critical patent/EP0263803B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
    • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for anchoring under stress in rock.
  • the short type anchors are generally of an elementary design but of an easy handling. Their length being limited, they are not designed for the application of real prestressing tensions. Furthermore, their operating principle is mechanically inapplicable to long type anchors.
  • the short type anchors one of the oldest is the Perfo type bolt in which two perforated half-cylinders stuffed with mortar are joined and introduced into the cavity, the mortar then being driven out by percussion through the perforations.
  • the known drawbacks of this system are due to its precarious results, given the small volume of mortar it contains and the insufficient control that there are anchoring conditions.
  • Selfix type tie rods have a breakable capsule with two compartments filled with resin with two components rigidly mounted on a metal rod of standardized length. After rupture of the capsule, a drill is mounted on the rod to give the latter a vigorous rotation intended to complete the mixing of the components.
  • a drill is mounted on the rod to give the latter a vigorous rotation intended to complete the mixing of the components.
  • Such a principle is inapplicable to long anchorages because of the torque to be applied to the tie rod and the deformability of the tie rod.
  • the SWELLEX anchor is made by expansion under compressed air of an accordion tube, its principle is completely different from that of anchors sealed in place with synthetic cement.
  • Long type anchors generally of high capacity, have a part sealed at the bottom of a borehole connected by tie rods to an anchor head bearing against the orifice of this hole.
  • Such anchors make it possible to exert prestressing tensions on the rock of several tens of tonnes, the sealed part being distant from the anchor head by ten meters and more.
  • Dywidag type anchors use anchors consisting of threaded bars partially sleeved with a sealing sleeve, the end of which is sealed with resin.
  • the sealing material is introduced before the anchor rods are put in place; these do not present the possibility of a subsequent injection of mortar or a simultaneous subsequent control of the anchoring tension.
  • the bundled cables are protected over part of their length by a sheath provided with a sealing sleeve.
  • the sealing injection takes place under pressure via a specific member (injection tube) and is carried out after the anchor is placed in the cavity.
  • One of the objects of the invention is the production of a prestressed anchoring device which can be put in place in a single operation.
  • Another object of the invention is an anchoring device where the factors of the sealing operation are closely controlled.
  • Another object of the invention is an anchoring device having a possibility of checking and rectifying the tension, even after subsequent sealing with mortar.
  • Another object of the invention is to anchor prestress can be tensioned very soon after installation.
  • the subject of the invention is a method of producing anchors under stress in rocky terrain comprising the following steps: the prior drilling of a borehole, the making by extrusion of a cartridge of sealing material, the mounting of the said cartridge in a protective cap at the head of an anchoring device comprising an anchoring sheath surrounding a traction transmission element and a sealing head, the introduction into the cavity of the anchoring device, the verification the positioning of said device, the separation of the sealing head from the anchoring sheath, the crushing of the cartridge of sealing material by acting on the traction transmission element, the hardening of the sealing, switching on the device.
  • the process also includes the following stages: the coating, prior to assembly, of the element intended to transmit traction using an organic compound capable of avoiding its adhesion to the cement and the injection, after tensioning of this element, a mortar grout in the anchor sheath, so that said grout fills the anchor sheath in its entirety and rises towards the surface on the periphery thereof.
  • Another object of the invention is a device for anchoring under stress in rocky terrain intended to be placed in a borehole comprising: - a sealing head capable of being sealed in the rock, - a movable anchoring head capable of bearing on the wall around the mouth of the drilling, a traction element capable of ensuring a tensile stress between the sealing head and the anchoring head, - An anchoring sheath capable of being cemented in place, surrounding the said traction transmission element.
  • This device also includes: - a cartridge of sealing material consisting of a sealing material contained in an easily destructible envelope mounted at the front of the sealing head, - a perforated protective cap or "strainer” fixed to the anchoring sheath and surrounding said cartridge of sealing material, - An unlockable connecting element between the sealing head and the anchoring sheath, said connecting element being able to be actuated by means of the traction element.
  • the envelope enclosing the cartridge of sealing material is a film of polymeric material.
  • the anchoring sheath is closed at its rear end by a nozzle mounted on the anchoring head; the anchor head is traversed by two openings communicating, respectively, with the internal volume of the sheath and with the volume of the borehole external to the sheath, these two volumes being placed in communication towards the front of the device by the perforations of the protective cap.
  • the traction transmission element has, vis- vis-à-vis its sheathing, a low coefficient of adhesion.
  • the element for transmitting the stress is a greased-sheathed cable.
  • the greased-sheathed cable is stripped of its sheathing over part of its length.
  • the sealing head comprises several modular sealing elements provided with a profile capable of promoting the transmission of their anchoring force via the rock sealing material, threaded on the cable.
  • the unlockable fixing mechanism of the sealing head is a bayonet mount.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the protective cap is that of an openwork grid.
  • the anchoring device according to the invention can be used in a very flexible manner, with minimum equipment and even by calling, if necessary, on inexperienced personnel; - during its installation, the cartridge is mechanically protected to avoid its premature opening.
  • the location and the time of opening are therefore perfectly controlled; in particular, it is possible to remove the cartridge during operation in the event of the unexpected; - the possibility of additional injection of a pressurized grout, on the one hand, sealing the anchor and improving, on the other hand, the qualities of the host rock by filling in any cracks; - Even after additional injection of this cement grout, the anchoring according to the invention retains the possibility of re-energizing at any time as well as that of a permanent control of this tension; - By the configuration of the device and by the shape of the sealing elements, the sealing material is stressed in compression, which is an advantageous factor; - great ease of implementation; just like certain short anchors, the anchoring device of the invention forms with the cartridge of sealing material a complete assembly, the sealing head being introduced, after assembly of the cartridge of sealing material in a single operation, in the anchor hole drilled beforehand; - It is possible to easily adjust the free length of anchoring by partially stripping the traction element; likewise, - It is easy to modulate the length sealed with the sealing
  • Figs. 1 to 5 show schematically the different phases of use of the anchoring device according to the invention.
  • the anchoring device 1 is provided with its sealing material cartridge 2, the components of which are mixed on site, prior to the introduction. After preparation and extrusion, the cartridge of sealing material 2 is put in place at the head of the device, abutting against the spun sleeve 3 crimped at the end of the greased-sheathed cable 4.
  • An openwork cap 5 also called strainer
  • the sealing elements 7 (the role of which will be explained below) are mounted on the cable 4 below the spun sleeve.
  • the set of sealing elements 7 and the spun sleeve 3 mounted at the end of the cable 4 form the sealing head 8.
  • the sealing head 8 is fixed by means of the unlockable connecting elements 9, 10 (shown in more detail in FIGS. 7, 8, 9 and 10) to the anchoring sheath and to the perforated cap 5.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the anchoring device 1 introduced into the hole 6 previously drilled.
  • the anchoring sheath 11 and the greased-sheathed cable 4 form an assembly of sufficient rigidity so that the sealing head 8 can be inserted without difficulty into the borehole 6, as if it had been mounted at the end of a perch.
  • the set is however flexible enough to accommodate irregularities and can bend according to the dimensions of the site; in particular, it is perfectly possible to place an anchor whose length is greater than the diameter of the gallery where the work is carried out.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the anchoring device 1 after crushing the cartridge 2.
  • the operator unlocks the connecting elements 9, 10 ( in this case, united by a bayonet mount) which makes the sealing head 8 and the anchoring sheath 11.
  • a twist is exerted on the cable 4 so as to release two lugs 29 from grooves bent at right angles 32, formed on the lateral face of a cable clamp cylindrical 9 (Fig. 7 and 8).
  • the sealing head 8 and the cable 4 can slide longitudinally with respect to the anchoring sheath 11. It suffices to apply to the cable 4 a push to pierce the cartridge of sealing material 2, the contents of which spread in the cavity, creeps through the openings of the protective cap 5 and drowns the sealing elements 7.
  • the anchoring device 1 is left to stand for the time necessary for the setting of the sealing material (for example a few hours for synthetic mortar), after which it can be put directly under tension.
  • Fig. 4 shows the anchoring device 1 after power-up.
  • An anchor plate 12 is disposed on the orifice of the borehole.
  • a key pot 13 is mounted on the anchor plate 12, this assembly forming the anchor head.
  • the application of a jack allows the tensioning of the cable which is then kept under tension in the key pot 13 by keys 14.
  • the centering of the key pot 13, relative to the drilling axis, is ensured by the presence of a ball joint assembly 15.
  • FIG. 11 the anchoring device can be used as it is, the cable 4 remaining free in its anchoring sheath 11, which provides him with initial protection.
  • This protection can however be reinforced by injecting a cement mortar grout into the cavity 6, which is done in a controlled manner thanks to the design of the anchoring sheath 11 and the anchoring plate 12, as will be seen. referring to FIG. 5.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the anchoring device 1 during the injection of the filling mortar 16.
  • a first opening 17 opens out inside the anchor sheath 11.
  • a second opening 18 opens out in the borehole 6 outside the anchor sheath 11.
  • a cement mortar grout 16 is injected under pressure through the opening 17. This mortar grout 16 flows along the anchoring sheath 11 and reaches the level of the perforated protective cap 5.
  • the length of the perforated protective cap 5 is such that its rear end emerges from the mass taken in the sealing material.
  • the cement mortar grout 16 injected under pressure creeps in through the openings of the remaining length of the cover 5 and flows back from the outside of the anchoring sheath 11 to the opening 18, thus attesting to the continuity of the coating.
  • This grout 16 once hardened, consolidates the rock around the anchoring device 1, provides a second protection of the latter and strengthens the sealing of the sealing head 8.
  • the cable 4 can continue to play freely relative to its sheath 19, even after injection of the mortar 16.
  • the cable 4 can therefore continue to freely exert the prestressing tension on the surrounding rock.
  • Fig. 6 is a more detailed side view of a sealing element 7.
  • the sealing head 8 comprises a number of elements 7 varying according to the constraints imposed on the anchoring and the quality of the rock.
  • these sealing elements 7 are extended, at the rear, by a male part and, at the front, by a female part of corresponding shape.
  • the male part 20 of each element 7 engages in the female part 21 of the next element, so that the sealing head 8 has no discontinuity.
  • a support ring 22 is mounted between the first element 7 and the spun sleeve 3 so as to distribute the pressure exerted by the latter.
  • the presence of this ring is justified by any irregularities appearing on the front surface 23 of the sealing elements 7 depending on their embodiment; the support ring 22 may, if necessary, be omitted.
  • the sealing element 7 shown here is made of machined metal, but it can also be made of molded metal, concrete or synthetic materials, such as resin or plastic.
  • the lateral surface of the sealing elements 7 has reliefs 24 capable of improving their seating in the cavity 6.
  • the reliefs 24 shown in the figure have the form of a helical projection, but it is obvious that they can have any attachment profile compatible with their embodiment and the material used.
  • Fig. 7 shows a perspective sectional view of the connection sleeve 10 which forms the first part of the connecting element 9, 10 between the anchoring sheath 11 and the sealing head 8 described in FIG. 1.
  • the other end of the sleeve 10 is extended by a tip 26 provided with reliefs 27 suitable for securing the sleeve 10 to the anchoring sheath 11.
  • the sleeve 10 is pierced with two diametrically opposite openings 28 in which pins 29 are fixed projecting from the inner part of the sleeve 10.
  • Fig. 8 shows, in perspective, the cable clamp 9 corresponding to the connection sleeve 10 shown in FIG. 7.
  • This cable clamp 9 is fixed to the cable 4 downstream of the sealing elements 7 by a pressure screw 30 resting here on a split ring 31.
  • the lateral face of the cable clamp 9 carries two grooves 32 bent at an angle straight consisting of a rectilinear part 33 parallel to the axis of the cable clamp 9 and a curved part 34, over approximately 90 °, along the perimeter of the cable clamp.
  • Fig. 9 is a sectional view, in perspective, of a variant of the connection sleeve 10, more particularly adapted to a mode of manufacture by molding.
  • the embodiment is distinguished in particular by the shape of the lugs 35 reinforced longitudinally.
  • Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the cable clamp 9 corresponding to the connection sleeve described in FIG. 9.
  • the curved part 34 of the bent groove 32 is wider, in relation to the increased dimension of the pins 35, and has at its end part a widening 36 intended to prevent the pins 35, under the effect of the stresses, from coming out of their accommodation.
  • Fig. 11 is a more detailed view, in section, of the device for tensioning the anchoring device 1.
  • the anchor plate 12 carries claws 37 intended to distribute the thrust on the wall.
  • a closure piece 38 comprising a tip cylinder 39 intended to be pressed into the end of the sheath 11 and a seal 40 applying against the rock wall around the drilling hole 6.
  • Two openings 17, 18 pass through the anchor plate 12 and open, respectively, at the end of the end cylinder 39, in the interior volume of the anchor sheath 11, and at the periphery of the borehole 6, in the volume outside the anchoring sheath 11.
  • Fig. 12 is a view of the head of the anchoring device 1 where all the elements threaded on the cable 4 have been separated.
  • the anchoring sheath 11 There are, progressing towards the end, successively mounted, the anchoring sheath 11, the connection sleeve 10, the protective cap 5, the cable clamp 9, two sealing elements 7, the support ring 22 , finally the end piece here consisting of a spun sleeve 3 which is integral with the cable 4 and transmits the prestressing stress to the whole of the sealed mass.
  • spun sleeve 3 although providing an elegant technical solution to the anchoring according to the invention, can be replaced by any other equivalent technical solution such as bolted sleeves, a crimped part or any dead anchoring of dimensions compatible with the diameter of the borehole.
  • sealing can be obtained using different sealing materials and in particular synthetic mortars, such as resin-based mortars (for example based on epoxy resins or acrylic resins).
  • resin-based mortars for example based on epoxy resins or acrylic resins.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
EP87870139A 1986-10-02 1987-10-02 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verankerung unter Zugspannung Expired - Lifetime EP0263803B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87870139T ATE56073T1 (de) 1986-10-02 1987-10-02 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verankerung unter zugspannung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8613775A FR2604744B1 (fr) 1986-10-02 1986-10-02 Procede et dispositif d'ancrage sous contrainte
FR8613775 1986-10-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0263803A1 true EP0263803A1 (de) 1988-04-13
EP0263803B1 EP0263803B1 (de) 1990-08-29

Family

ID=9339502

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87870139A Expired - Lifetime EP0263803B1 (de) 1986-10-02 1987-10-02 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verankerung unter Zugspannung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4832534A (de)
EP (1) EP0263803B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE56073T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3764600D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2016862B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2604744B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3000892T3 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2304848A (en) * 1995-08-30 1997-03-26 Carrington Weldgrip Ltd Rockbolt and nut assembly
KR200361250Y1 (ko) * 2004-05-28 2004-09-07 로크산업 주식회사 록크볼트용 체결장치
WO2011116918A3 (de) * 2010-03-20 2012-04-19 Karin Henning Verfahren zur nachträglichen ertüchtigung eines befestigungsmittels und hierfür geeignete injektage-unterlegscheibe

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5230589A (en) * 1992-03-23 1993-07-27 Gillespie Harvey D Mine roof bolt
NO176069C (no) * 1992-09-09 1999-06-25 Irsta Stolindustri As Anordning for forankring og gysing av bergbolt
CA2107826C (en) * 1993-01-28 1999-04-27 Harvey D. Gillespie Mine roof bolt
US5511909A (en) * 1994-06-07 1996-04-30 Jennmar Corporation Cable bolt and method of use in supporting a rock formation
US6056482A (en) * 1996-01-11 2000-05-02 Jennmar Corporation Cable bolt head
DE60335638D1 (de) * 2002-08-02 2011-02-17 Dywidag Systems Internat Pty Ltd Vorrichtung zum nachverpressen von gebirgsankern
US6881015B2 (en) 2002-10-16 2005-04-19 Dywidag-Systems International, U.S.A., Inc. Wedge barrel for a mine roof cable bolt
US7384216B2 (en) * 2004-09-16 2008-06-10 Dywidag-Systems International Usa Cable coupler having retained wedges
US7690868B2 (en) * 2003-12-02 2010-04-06 Dsi Ground Support Inc. Cable coupler having retained wedges
US7066688B2 (en) * 2004-08-17 2006-06-27 Dywidag-Systems International Usa Wedge barrel for a twin cable mine roof bolt
WO2007070905A2 (de) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-28 Atlas Copco Mai Gmbh Wärmetauscher
CN112814713B (zh) * 2021-01-08 2023-12-05 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 锚固方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1101324B (de) * 1959-10-06 1961-03-09 Becorit Grubenausbau Gmbh Gebirgsanker, insbesondere fuer den Grubenbetrieb
FR1268624A (fr) * 1960-06-24 1961-08-04 Forges Et Boulonneries Hermant Dispositif d'ancrage perfectionné
FR2353682A1 (fr) * 1976-06-01 1977-12-30 Gebirgssicherung Gmbh Ancrage de la roche
AT342277B (de) * 1973-09-06 1978-03-28 Sonderbau Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verankerung eines in ein bohrloch eingebrachten fels- oder erdankers
FR2381167A1 (fr) * 1977-02-19 1978-09-15 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Barre de traction protegee contre la corrosion, pour ancrage dans des roches dures susceptible d'etre precontraint
US4576524A (en) * 1983-04-20 1986-03-18 Bochumer Eisenhuette Heintzmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Rock anchor arrangement

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3650112A (en) * 1970-09-21 1972-03-21 Howlett Machine Works Method of shoring and apparatus therefor
US4187040A (en) * 1978-05-31 1980-02-05 Waiamea Company, Inc. Mine roof bolt spike chemical dispenser assembly
US4477209A (en) * 1982-05-03 1984-10-16 H & S Machine & Supply Co., Inc. Anchor bolt assembly
US4679966A (en) * 1985-12-13 1987-07-14 Jennmar Corporation Roof bolt apparatus with expansion shell and coupling

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1101324B (de) * 1959-10-06 1961-03-09 Becorit Grubenausbau Gmbh Gebirgsanker, insbesondere fuer den Grubenbetrieb
FR1268624A (fr) * 1960-06-24 1961-08-04 Forges Et Boulonneries Hermant Dispositif d'ancrage perfectionné
AT342277B (de) * 1973-09-06 1978-03-28 Sonderbau Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur verankerung eines in ein bohrloch eingebrachten fels- oder erdankers
FR2353682A1 (fr) * 1976-06-01 1977-12-30 Gebirgssicherung Gmbh Ancrage de la roche
FR2381167A1 (fr) * 1977-02-19 1978-09-15 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Barre de traction protegee contre la corrosion, pour ancrage dans des roches dures susceptible d'etre precontraint
US4576524A (en) * 1983-04-20 1986-03-18 Bochumer Eisenhuette Heintzmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Rock anchor arrangement

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2304848A (en) * 1995-08-30 1997-03-26 Carrington Weldgrip Ltd Rockbolt and nut assembly
KR200361250Y1 (ko) * 2004-05-28 2004-09-07 로크산업 주식회사 록크볼트용 체결장치
WO2011116918A3 (de) * 2010-03-20 2012-04-19 Karin Henning Verfahren zur nachträglichen ertüchtigung eines befestigungsmittels und hierfür geeignete injektage-unterlegscheibe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2604744B1 (fr) 1991-04-19
ES2016862B3 (es) 1990-12-01
ATE56073T1 (de) 1990-09-15
US4832534A (en) 1989-05-23
DE3764600D1 (de) 1990-10-04
EP0263803B1 (de) 1990-08-29
FR2604744A1 (fr) 1988-04-08
GR3000892T3 (en) 1991-11-15

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